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23) CoordenadasEsféricas
23) CoordenadasEsféricas
Coordenadas Esféricas
𝜌 𝑥 = 𝜌𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 =
𝑟
𝑦 = 𝜌𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑
𝜌 = 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝜌
𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠(90° − 𝜃 ) =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑟
𝑟
𝑧 = 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Sustituyendo:
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
𝑂𝑃
𝜌 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Si 𝑐𝑜𝑡(90° − 𝜃) = =
𝑧 𝑧
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Entonces: 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑧 𝑧
𝑦 𝑦
Si 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜑 = , entonces 𝜑 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 𝑥
En coordenadas esféricas:
𝑑𝑤
= 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑘̂
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑤
= 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑗̂ − 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑘̂
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑤
= −𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑗̂
𝑑𝜑
Factores escalares:
𝑑𝑤
ℎ𝑟 = | | = √𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝑑𝑟
= √𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
= √𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = √1 = 1
𝑑𝑤
ℎ𝜃 = | | = √𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 + 𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑 + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃
𝑑𝜃
= √𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑) + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃
= √𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃 = √𝑟 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃)
= √𝑟 2 = 𝑟
𝑑𝑤
ℎ𝜑 = | | = √𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑 + 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑
𝑑𝜑
= √𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃(𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜑 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜑) = √𝑟 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑗̂ − 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑘̂
𝜌𝜃 = = =
𝑑𝑟 ℎ𝜃 𝑟
| |
𝑑𝜃
𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑗̂ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑘̂)
=
𝑟
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑗̂ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑘̂
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝜑 −𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑗̂
𝜌𝜑 = = =
𝑑𝑟 ℎ𝜑 𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃
| |
𝑑𝜑
𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃(−𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑗̂)
= = −𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑖̂ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑗̂
𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃