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FC2 U4S1 Costo Del Capital y Endeudamiento
FC2 U4S1 Costo Del Capital y Endeudamiento
Unidad 4 – Sesión 1
COSTO DEL CAPITAL Y ESTRUCTURA
DE ENDEUDAMIENTO
COSTO DEL CAPITAL
Periodo
Periodo 11 22 33 44 55 66 77
Ventas
Ventas 10
10 20
20 40
40 80 160
80 160 320
320 640
640
Gastos
Gastos 88 16
16 32
32 64 128
64 128 256
256 512
512
Utilidad
Utilidad 22 44 88 16
16 32
32 6464 128
128
Flujo de Caja:
Saldo inicial 0 0 -8 -14 -26 -50 -98
Ingresos 0 0 10 20 40 80 160
Salidas 0 8 16 32 64 128 256
Saldo final 0 -8 -14 -26 -50 -98 -194
CAPM
IBM MERCK
Date Open High Low Close Retorno Open High Low Close Retorno
Aug-07 110.39 114.18 110.06 111.89 0.0112 49.62 52.13 49.57 50.29 0.0129
Jul-07 105.39 118.82 104.58 110.65 0.0513 49.91 53.81 48.43 49.65 -0.003
Jun-07 106.62 107.24 101.56 105.25 -0.0127 52.52 52.9 48 49.8 -0.0505
May-07 102.06 108.05 101.35 106.6 0.043 51.65 55.14 50.54 52.45 0.0196
Apr-07 94.51 103 93.91 102.21 0.0843 44.59 52.63 44.52 51.44 0.1646
Mar-07 90.25 95.81 88.77 94.26 0.0142 43.95 44.96 42.76 44.17 0.0005
Feb-07 98.97 100.44 92.47 92.94 -0.0626 44.9 45.44 42.35 44.15 -0.0134
Jan-07 97.18 100.9 94.55 99.15 0.0206 44.03 46.55 43.16 44.75 0.0264
Dec-06 91.9 97.88 90.55 97.15 0.0569 44.65 45.9 42.63 43.6 -0.0204
Nov-06 92.5 94.05 90.43 91.92 -0.0044 45.99 46.32 42.29 44.51 -0.02
Oct-06 81.76 92.68 81.56 92.33 0.1268 42.15 46.37 41.24 45.42 0.084
Sep-06 81.13 83.79 79.31 81.94 0.012 40.52 42.51 39.9 41.9 0.0333
Aug-06 76.65 81.68 75.05 80.97 0.046 40.38 41.78 38 40.55 0.007
Jul-06 77.54 78.53 72.73 77.41 0.0077 36.9 41.76 35 40.27 0.1054
Jun-06 79.89 80.87 76.06 76.82 -0.0385 33.51 36.84 33.12 36.43 0.0943
May-06 82.59 83.69 79.06 79.9 -0.0296 34.67 35.51 32.75 33.29 -0.0328
Apr-06 82.72 84.45 80.63 82.34 -0.0016 35.47 36.09 33.55 34.42 -0.023
Mar-06 80.2 84.99 79.51 82.47 0.0278 35.05 36.5 34.34 35.23 0.0106
Feb-06 80.9 82.24 78.93 80.24 -0.013 34.27 36.65 33.56 34.86 0.0104
Jan-06 82.45 85.03 80.21 81.3 -0.0109 32.52 34.88 31.81 34.5 0.0846
Dec-05 89.15 89.92 81.56 82.2 -0.0754 29.69 32.54 27.99 31.81 0.082
(Ene96-Ag07)
Estimación del Beta
S&P
Open High Low Close Retorno
1455.18 1476.43 1439.59 1450.92 -0.051077
1504.66 1555.9 1454.25 1455.27 0.009957
1530.62 1540.56 1484.18 1503.35 0.003256
1482.37 1535.56 1476.7 1530.62 0.02506 S&P 500
1420.83 1498.02 1416.37 1482.37 0.041094 Media 0.006543
1406.8 1438.89 1363.98 1420.86 -0.015518 Desviacion Estandar 0.030707
1437.9 1461.57 1389.42 1406.82 0.013846 Varianza 0.000943
1418.03 1441.61 1403.97 1438.24 0.006844
1400.63 1431.81 1385.93 1418.3 0.01699 Covarianza IBM-S&P 0.00087
1377.76 1407.89 1360.98 1400.63 0.013271
Covarianza MERCK-S&P 0.000285
1335.82 1389.45 1327.1 1377.94 0.036686
1303.8 1340.28 1290.93 1335.85 0.025667
1278.53 1306.74 1261.3 1303.82 0.020556 Beta IBM 0.9222 0.9289
1270.06 1280.42 1224.54 1276.66 -0.007949 Beta Merck 0.3017 0.3039
1270.05 1290.68 1219.29 1270.2 -0.02715
1310.61 1326.7 1245.34 1270.09 0.006479
1302.88 1318.16 1280.74 1310.61 0.005554
1280.66 1310.88 1268.42 1294.87 0.010258
1280.08 1297.57 1253.61 1280.66 0.002062
1248.29 1294.9 1245.74 1280.08 0.014971
1249.48 1275.8 1246.59 1248.29 0.004061
Estimación del Beta: Bottom Up Betas
Tasa Bu
Beta (Be) D/E Impositiva Unleverage
Empresa X 0.8 50% 32% 0.60
Empresa Y 0.9 60% 36% 0.65
Empresa Z 1.2 30% 35% 1.00
Bu Industria 0.75
Be W 0.75*(1+(1-0.35)*9%)
Tasa Libre de Riesgo (Rf)
WACC = ke E + kd D = ku
(E + D ) (E + D )
Prop. I “El valor de una empresa es
independiente de su estructura de capital
Bonos Acciones
40% 40%
Acciones Bonos
60% 60%
Prop. II y III “El costo del capital propio
se incrementa con el uso de la deuda”
WACC = k A = E ( V ) k + (DV ) k
e d
Ek e + Dk d ke
kA =
E ke = k A D − k d D + k A E kd
ke = k A + (k A − kd ) D
E
Riesgo empresarial Riesgo financiero
Efecto de los Impuestos