1ª 2ª

Elipse SEMI-EIXO
MAIOR (m) = a
1/
ACHATAMENTO
ACHATAMEN
TO
Excentricidade Excentricidade
(m) (m)
b (m) a - b (m)

Airy 1830 6,377,563.396 299.325 0.003341 0.006671 0.006715 6,356,256.909 ###

Bessel 1841 6,377,397.155 299.153 0.003343 0.006674 0.006719 6,356,078.963 ###
Clarke 1866 6,378,206.400 294.979 0.003390 0.006769 0.006815 6,356,583.800 ###
Clarke 1880 6,378,249.145 293.465 0.003408 0.006804 0.006850 6,356,514.870 ###
Evereste 1830 6,377,276.345 300.802 0.003324 0.006638 0.006682 6,356,075.413 ###
Fischer 1960 (Mercury) 6,378,166.000 298.300 0.003352 0.006693 0.006739 6,356,784.284 ###
Fischer 1968 6,378,150.000 298.300 0.003352 0.006693 0.006739 6,356,768.337 ###
GRS 1967 6,378,160.000 298.247 0.003353 0.006695 0.006740 6,356,774.516 ###
GRS 1975 6,378,140.000 298.257 0.003353 0.006694 0.006740 6,356,755.288 ###
GRS 1980 6,378,137.000 298.257 0.003353 0.006694 0.006739 6,356,752.314 ###
Hough 1956 6,378,270.000 297.000 0.003367 0.006723 0.006768 6,356,794.343 ###
International (Hayford) 6,378,388.000 297.000 0.003367 0.006723 0.006768 6,356,911.946 ###
Krassovsky 1940 6,378,245.000 298.300 0.003352 0.006693 0.006739 6,356,863.019 ###
Sul Americano 1969 6,378,160.000 298.250 0.003353 0.006695 0.006740 6,356,774.719 ###
WGS 60 6,378,165.000 298.300 0.003352 0.006693 0.006739 6,356,783.287 ###
WGS 66 6,378,145.000 298.250 0.003353 0.006695 0.006740 6,356,759.769 ###
WGS 72 6,378,135.000 298.260 0.003353 0.006694 0.006739 6,356,750.520 ###
WGS 84 6,378,137.000 298.257 0.003353 0.006694 0.006739 6,356,752.314 ###
Puissant 6,377,858.400 303.000 0.003300 0.006590 0.006633 6,356,809.362 ###
 TRIANGULO 1

latitud longitud
A -17.7249 -63.1653
B -17.7162 -63.1620
C -17.7125 -63.1869
A -17.7249 -63.1653

-63.1850
-63.1900

-63.1800

-63.1750

-63.1700

-63.1650

-63.1600
-17.7060

X -17.7080

-17.7100
C -17.7120 A
B
-17.7140
C
B -17.7160 ABCA

-17.7180

-17.7200

-17.7220
A -17.7240

-17.7260
 datos del elipsoide

datum : WGS 84 e2 = 0.00669438 latitud longitud

a= ### 1 - e2 = 0.9933056
b= ### -17.72486 -63.16534
f = 0.0033528 (1 - e2)1/2 = 0.99665 -17.71622 -63.16201
1/f = 298.257222 -17.71252 -63.18686
-17.71787 λ media

datos de los vertices del triangulo geodesico

latitud longitud
gra min seg hemisferio gra min seg hemisferio
P-3-A 17° 43' 29.49" S 63° 09' 55.23" W
P-1-B 17° 42' 58.39" S 63° 09' 43.23" W
P-2-C 17° 42' 45.08" S 63° 11' 12.70" W

datos A B C
distancia elipsoidal 1,019.4076 2,659.7726
azimut directo 20.29449 -59.1178
A azimut inverso 200.2935 120.8888
convergencia de meridianos -0.001015 0.006549
A B C
distancia elipsoidal 1,019.4076 2,667.8068
azimut directo 20.29348 -81.1807
B azimut inverso 200.2945 98.8268
convergencia de meridianos 0.001015 0.007562
A B C
distancia elipsoidal 2,659.7726 2,667.8068
azimut directo -59.1112 -81.1732
C azimut inverso 120.8822 98.8193
convergencia de meridianos -0.006549 -0.007562

CALCULO DE LOS ANGULOS INTERNOS ESFERICOS DEL TRIANGULO GEODESICO

azimut directo accion Ae A plano seno Aplano opuesto opuesto

corregido original
B C
NE NW
A 20.29449 -59.11775 79.41224718 79.4122472 79.412247 0.9829746 2,667.80675323 2,667.8068
A C
SW NW
B 20.29348 -81.18071 78.52580629 78.5258063 78.525806 0.9800144 2,659.77260572 2,659.7726
A B
SE SE
C -59.11120 -81.17315 22.06194842 22.0619484 22.061948 0.3756088 1,019.4076 1,019.4076
180.00000189 180.000000

exceso : 0.000002 grados

0.006794 segundos

CALCULO DEL EXCESO ESFERICO SEGÚN EL TEOREMA DE LEGENDRE

latitud media = -17.7179 grados
seno latitud media = -0.3043
radio medio de curvatura en el CG del triangulo = 6,360,696.02 metros

area del triangulo plano en radianes = 0.000000 radianes

0.000002 grados
0.006794 segundos

CALCULO DE LOS ANGULOS ESFERICOS MEDIANTE LA TRIGONOMETRIA ESFERICA

opuesto radio medio lado/radio seno coseno cos Ae Ae rad Ae gra
corregido
A 2,667.81 6,360,696.02 0.00042 0.00042 1.00000 0.18374 1.38601 79.41225

B 2,659.77 6,360,696.02 0.00042 0.00042 1.00000 0.19893 1.37053 78.52581

C 1,019.41 6,360,696.02 0.00016 0.00016 1.00000 0.92678 0.38505 22.06195

180.00000
cosa = cosbcosc+ sinbsinccosAe exceso esferico = 0.000002 gra
0.006810 seg
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-A Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 43' 29.49000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 09' 55.23000" W
10 Second station name P-B
11 Latitude of second point 17° 42' 58.39000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 09' 43.23000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 1,019.408 m
16 a12 20° 17' 40.179" N
17 a21 200° 17' 36.526" E
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto NE
23
24 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados
25 ###
26 ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-A Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 43' 29.49000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 09' 55.23000" W
10 Second station name P-C
11 Latitude of second point 17° 42' 45.08000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 11' 12.70000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 2,659.773 m
16 a12 59° 07' 03.911" N
17 a21 120° 53' 19.667" W
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto NW
25 ###
26 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
44 ###
45 ###
46 ###
47
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-B Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 42' 58.39000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 09' 43.23000" W
10 Second station name P-A
11 Latitude of second point 17° 43' 29.49000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 09' 55.23000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 1,019.408 m
16 a12 20° 17' 36.526" S
17 a21 200° 17' 40.179" W
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto SW
23
24 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados
25 ###
26 ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
44 ###
45 ###
46 ###
47
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-B Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 42' 58.39000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 09' 43.23000" W
10 Second station name P-C
11 Latitude of second point 17° 42' 45.08000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 11' 12.70000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 2,667.807 m
16 a12 81° 10' 50.571" N
17 a21 98° 49' 36.652" W
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto NW
23
24 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados
25 ###
26 ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
44 ###
45 ###
46 ###
47
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-C Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 42' 45.08000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 11' 12.70000" W
10 Second station name P-A
11 Latitude of second point 17° 43' 29.49000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 09' 55.23000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 2,659.773 m
16 a12 59° 06' 40.333" S
17 a21 120° 52' 56.089" E
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto SE
23
24 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados
25 ###
26 ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
44 ###
45 ###
46 ###
47
 C D E F G
2 Inverse Geodetic Problem - Vicenty's Equations
3
4 Ellipsoidal parameters a 6,378,137.0 Color key
5 WGS 84 1/f ### User Input
6 GIVEN VALUES Results
7 First station name P-C Hemisphere
8 Latitude of first point 17° 42' 45.08000" S
9 Longitude of first point 63° 11' 12.70000" W
10 Second station name P-B
11 Latitude of second point 17° 42' 58.39000" S
12 Longitude of second point 63° 09' 43.23000" W
13
14 RESULTS
15 Ellipsoidal distance, s 2,667.807 m
16 a12 81° 10' 23.348" S
17 a21 98° 49' 09.429" E
18 Enter in the defining ellipsoidal parameters in appropriate cells,
19 then enter the geodetic positions (f, l).
20 The resulting ellipsoidal distance in meters, forward azimuth, back azimuth will be computed
21
22 direccion primer punto al segundo punto SE
23
24 convergencia de meridianos : ### grados
25 ###
26 ###
27 ###
28 ###
29 ###
30
31 ###
32 ###
33 ###
34 ###
35 ###
36
37 ###
38 ###
39 ###
40 ###
41 ###
42
43 ###
44 ###
45 ###
46 ###
47
 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
1
2
3
4 w = (λ2 - λ1)* seno ((ϕ2 + ϕ1)/2)
5
6
7 latitud longitud
8 gra min seg hemisferio gra min seg hemisferio latitud longitud
9 P-A 17° 43° 29.49° S 63° 9° 55.23° W -17.724858 -63.165342
10 P-B 17° 42° 58° S 63° 9° 43.23° W -17.716219 -63.162008
11 P-C 17° 42° 45.08° S 63° 11° 12.70° W -17.712522 -63.186861
12
13 (ϕ2 + ϕ1) seno ((ϕ2 + ϕ1)/2) (λ2 - λ1)
14 A B C A B C A B C
15 P-A -35.44108 -35.43738 -0.3044 -0.3043 0.0033 -0.0215
16 P-B -35.44108 -35.42874 -0.3044 -0.3043 -0.0033 -0.0249
17 P-C -35.43738 -35.42874 -0.3043 -0.3043 0.0215 0.0249
18
19
20 w en grados la convergencia es negativa para el hemisferio ESTE
21 A B C la convergencia es positiva para el hemisferio OESTE
22 P-A -0.00101 0.00655
23 P-B 0.00101 0.00756
24 P-C -0.00655 -0.00756
25
26
27
ley de cosenos : cosa = cosbcosc+ sinbsinccosAe

a: lado expresado en radianes

b: lado expresado en radianes
c: lado expresado en radianes
do en radianes
do en radianes
do en radianes
lado A -lado NE NW SE SW
180-angulo
mayor-
NE resta suma 180-suma
angulo
180-angulo menor
mayor-
NW suma resta
angulo
180-suma
menor
180-angulo
mayor-
SE 180-suma
angulo
resta suma
menor
180-angulo
mayor-
SW angulo
180-suma suma resta
menor