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5682-Texto Del Manuscrito Completo (Cuadros y Figuras Insertos) - 30791-3-10-20201203
5682-Texto Del Manuscrito Completo (Cuadros y Figuras Insertos) - 30791-3-10-20201203
Actualización
Recibido: 24/06/2020 Coronaviruses cause respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in animals and humans.
Aceptado: 18/09/2020 The current SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 infectious agent, belongs to a subgroup called
Publicado: 18/09/2020 betacoronavirus including the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV responsible for epidemics in
2002 and 2012, respectively.
Citación:
Monroy-Gómez J, Torres-Fernández O. Efectos de These viruses can also infect the nervous system due to their affinity for the human
los coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed in neurons and glial cells. Infections with
grave (SARS-CoV) y del síndrome respiratorio del SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and now SARS-CoV-2 also produce neurological signs such as acute
Medio Oriente (MERS-CoV) en el sistema nervioso.
¿Qué esperar del SARS-CoV-2? Biomédica.
cerebrovascular disease, impaired consciousness, and muscle injury, as well as dizziness,
2020;40(Supl.2):173-9. hypogeusia, hyposmia, hypoxia, neuralgia, and hypoxic encephalopathy. For this reason,
https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5682 close attention should be paid to the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients.
Correspondencia: Keywords: Coronavirus infections; severe acute respiratory syndrome; nervous system.
Jeison Monroy-Gómez, Institución Universitaria
Escuela Colombiana de Rehabilitación, Avenida La familia de los coronavirus (Coronaviridae), del orden Nidovirales,
Carrera 15 No 151-68, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Teléfono: (571) 432 1530 se caracteriza por poseer ARN de sentido positivo, no segmentado y de
jeison.monroy@ecr.edu.co tamaño grande. Causan infecciones respiratorias y gastrointestinales y,
Contribución de los autores:
eventualmente, del sistema nervioso en animales y en humanos (1,2),
Los dos autores participaron en la revisión aunque en estos los coronavirus (CoV) están asociados principalmente
bibliográfica y la escritura del manuscrito.
con enfermedades de las vías respiratorias (3). Los coronavirus se
Financiación: clasifican en cuatro grupos principales: alfacoronavirus, betacoronavirus,
Los autores realizaron la presente actualización
como parte de sus actividades de investigación
gammacoronavirus y deltacoronavirus. Los alfacoronavirus (HCoV-NL63 y
en las entidades a las cuales están vinculados: HCoV-229E) y los betacoronavirus (HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV y
Institución Universitaria Escuela Colombiana de
Rehabilitación e Instituto Nacional de Salud.
HCoV-OC43) generalmente causan enfermedades respiratorias en humanos
y gastroenteritis en animales (1,4). El actual SARS-CoV-2 hace parte de los
Conflicto de intereses:
Los autores manifiestan no tener ningún conflicto de
betacoronavirus y su secuencia genética tiene más del 80 % de identidad con
intereses que impida la publicación de este artículo. el SARS-CoV y del 50 % con el MERS-CoV (5,6).
173
Monroy-Gómez J, Torres-Fernández O Biomédica 2020;40(Supl.2):173-9
174
Biomédica 2020;40(Supl.2):173-9 SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV en el sistema nervioso
La COVID-19 y el SARS-CoV-2
175
Monroy-Gómez J, Torres-Fernández O Biomédica 2020;40(Supl.2):173-9
Por ahora, las hipótesis de los mecanismos que producen los signos y
síntomas asociados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se han enfocado en el
daño neuronal y la reacción de las células gliales por la excesiva secreción
de citocinas (tormenta de citocinas). Este fenómeno puede presentarse
con edema cerebral e hipertensión intracraneal y con el daño de las
células endoteliales y la consiguiente alteración de la permeabilidad de la
barrera hematoencefálica. La infección también podría causar encefalitis
autoinmunitaria por la presencia de autoanticuerpos que atacan las
neuronas y células endoteliales de los vasos sanguíneos activando, así, el
176
Biomédica 2020;40(Supl.2):173-9 SARS-CoV y MERS-CoV en el sistema nervioso
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