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Integrante:
Duarte Delgado Jorge Alanís
N. Carnet: 2017-1415U
INGENIERIA CIVIL
Practica de laboratorio #2. Determinación experimental del centro de
presión en una superficie plana.
Se ajusta la posición del peso del contra peso hasta que quede en
equilibrio es decir en la marca central del indicador de nivel.
Procedimiento de cálculo.
Medida N.1
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.047 - )
2
hcg = 0.003 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.003 m)
Fh = 0.221 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.050 kg )( 0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.003 m)
h´ = 0.611 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.047
h1 = 0.153 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.611 m – 0.153 m
Ycp−exp = 0.458 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.0473 ¿)
12
lcg = 6.49 x 10−6 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
6.49 x 10−6 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.003) +
( 0.003 m) ( 0.0075m2 )
Ycp−teo = 0.291 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (0.221 N) (0.611 m)
MR = 0.135 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (0.221 N) (0.032)
MT = 0.0071 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.291−0. .458
%error = ( ¿∗100
0291
%error = 57.39 %
Medida N.2
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.066 -
2
)
hcg = 0.016 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.016 m)
Fh = 1.18 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.1 kg ) ( 0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.016 m)
h´ = 0.229 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.066
h1 = 0.134 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.229 m – 0.134 m
Ycp−exp = 0.095 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.0663 ¿)
12
lcg = 1.79x10−6 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
1.79 x 10−6 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.016) +
( 0.016 m ) (0.0075 m2 )
Ycp−teo = 0.165 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (1.18 N) (0.229 m)
MR = 0.270 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (1.18 N) (0.031)
MT = 0.037 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.165−0.095
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.165
%error = 42.42 %
Medida N.3
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.081 - )
2
hcg = 0.031 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.031 m)
Fh = 2.281 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.15 kg ) ( 0.275m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.031 m)
h´ = 0.177 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.081
h1 = 0.119 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.177 m – 0.119 m
Ycp−exp = 0.058 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.0813 ¿)
12
lcg = 3.32 x 10−6 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
3.32 x 10−6 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.031) +
( 0.031m ) (0.0075 m2)
Ycp−teo = 0.045 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (2.281 N) (0.177 m)
MR = 0.404 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (2.281 N) (0.045)
MT = 0.103 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.045−0.058
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.045
%error = 28.89 %
Medida N.4
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.094 - )
2
hcg = 0.044 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.044 m)
Fh = 3.24 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.2 kg ) (0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.044 m)
h´ = 0.167 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.094
h1 = 0.106 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.167 m – 0.106 m
Ycp−exp = 0.061 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.094 3 ¿ )
12
lcg = 5.19 x 10−6 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
−6 4
5.19 x 10 m
Ycp−teo = (0.044) +
( 0.044 m ) (0.0075 m2)
Ycp−teo = 0.059 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (3.24 N) (0.167 m)
MR = 0.541 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (3.24 N) (0.059)
MT = 0.064 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.059−0.061
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.059
%error = 3.39 %
Medida N.5
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.107 - )
2
hcg = 0.057 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.057 m)
Fh = 4.19 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.25 kg )( 0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.057 m)
h´ = 0.161 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.107 m
h1 = 0.093 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.161 m – 0.093 m
Ycp−exp = 0.068 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.1073 ¿)
12
lcg = 7.66 x 10−6 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
7.66 x 10−6 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.057) +
( 0.057 m ) (0.0075 m2 )
Ycp−teo = 0.075 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (4.19 N) (0.161 m)
MR = 0.675 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (4.19 N) (0.075)
MT = 0.314 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.075−0.068
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.075
%error = 9.33 %
Medida N.6
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.12 - )
2
hcg = 0.07 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.07 m)
Fh = 5.15 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.3 kg )(0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.07 m)
h´ = 0.157 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.12
h1 = 0.08 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.157 m – 0.08 m
Ycp−exp = 0.077 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.123 ¿)
12
lcg = 1.08 x 10−5 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
1.08 x 10−5 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.07) +
( 0.07 m ) (0.0075 m2 )
Ycp−teo = 0.091 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (5.15 N) (0.157 m)
MR = 0.81 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (5.15 N) (0.091 m)
MT = 0.47 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.091−0.077
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.091
%error = 15.38 %
Medida N.7
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.131 -
2
)
hcg = 0.081 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.081 m)
Fh = 5.96 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.35 kg ) ( 0.275m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.081 m)
h´ = 0.158 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.131
h1 = 0.069 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.158 m – 0.069 m
Ycp−exp = 0.089 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.1313 ¿)
12
lcg = 1.40 x 10−5 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
1.40 x 10−5 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.081) +
( 0.081m ) (0.0075 m2)
Ycp−teo = 0.104 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (5.96 N) (0.158 m)
MR = 0.942 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (5.96 N) (0.104 m)
MT = 0.620 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.104−0.089
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.104
%error = 14.42 %
Medida N.8
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.144 - )
2
hcg = 0.094 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.094 m)
Fh = 6.92 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.4 kg ) (0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.094 m)
h´ = 0.156 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.144
h1 = 0.056 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.156 m – 0.056 m
Ycp−exp = 0.1 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.144 3 ¿ )
12
lcg = 1.87 x 10−5 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
−5 4
1.87 x 10 m
Ycp−teo = (0.094) +
( 0.094 m ) (0.0075 m2)
Ycp−teo = 0.121 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (6.92 N) (0.156 m)
MR = 1.08 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (6.92 N) (0.121 m)
MT = 0.84 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.121−0.1
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.121
%error = 17.35 %
Medida N.9
D
hcg = (d - )
2
0.1 m
hcg = ( 0.156 - )
2
hcg = 0.106 m
Fh = ρ ∗ g ∗ A ∗ hcg
Fh = ( 1000 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s 2) ( 0.0075 m2) ( 0.106 m)
Fh = 7.80 N
m∗l
h´ =
ρ∗B∗D∗hcg
( 0.45 kg )( 0.275 m)
h´ =
( 1000 kg/m3 ) ( 0.075 m )( 0.1 m ) (0.106 m)
h´ = 0.156 m
h1 = H – d
h1 = 0.2 m – 0.156
h1 = 0.044 m
Ycp−exp = h´− h1
Ycp−exp = 0.156 m – 0.044 m
Ycp−exp = 0.112 m
1
Icg = Bd 3
12
1
lcg = ((0.075) ( 0.1563 ¿)
12
lcg = 2.37 x 10−5 m4
Icg
Ycp−teo = hcg +
hcg∗A
2.37 x 10−5 m4
Ycp−teo = (0.106) +
( 0.106 m ) (0.0075 m2 )
Ycp−teo = 0.136 m
MR = W ∗ L = Fh ∗ h´
MR = (7.80 N) (0.156 m)
MR = 1.217 N.m
MT = Fh (Ycp−teo)
MT = (7.80 N) (0.136 m)
MT = 1.061 N.m
Y cp−teo−Y cp−exp
%error = ( ¿∗100
Y cp−teo
0.136−0.112
%error = ( ¿∗100
0.136
%error = 17.65 %
Tabla de Resultados.
Grafica MR VS MT.
MR MT
0,135 0,007
0,27 0,037
0,404 0,103
0,541 0,064
0,675 0,314
0,81 0,47
0,942 0,62
1,08 0,84
1,217 1,061
MR VS MT
1.4
1.2
1.217
1 1.08
0.942
0.8
0.81
MR
0.6 0.675
0.541
0.4
0.404
0.2 0.27
0.135
0
0.007 0.037 0.103 0.064 0.314 0.47 0.62 0.84 1.061
MT
Grafica MT vs d.
MT d (mm)
0.007 47
0.037 66
0.103 81
0.064 94
0.314 107
0.47 120
0.62 131
0.84 144
1.061 156
MT vs d(mm)
180
160 156
144
140 131
120
120
107
100 94
d (mm)
81
80
66
60
47
40
20
0
0.007 0.037 0.103 0.064 0.314 0.47 0.62 0.84 1.061
MT
Dónde:
Ɣ =es la densidad
B = ancho del cuadrante
D=altura del cuadrante
d = es la profundidad del líquido medido en milímetros