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Introducción
Se solucionará la siguiente estructura, que se compone de elementos tipo pórtico, y tipo pila sin
fricción en el fuste, que son sometidos a flexión cortante y fuerza axial utilizando el método de
rigidez.
Objetivos
7 kN
EA =1.9∗10
m2
7 kN
EB=1.9∗10
m2
kN
EC =1.9∗10 7 2
m
7 kN
ED=1.9∗10 2
m
kN
EE=1.9∗107
m2
Nodo 1
x 1=0
y 1=0
Nodo 2
x 2=0
y 2=4 m
Nodo 3
x 3=4 m
y 3=8 m
Nodo 4
x 4=8 m
y 4=4 m
Nodo 5
x 5=8 m
y 5=0
Elemento A
( )
4
110 cm
∗π
2∗100 4
IA= =0.07187 m
4
Elemento B
( )
4
110 cm
∗π
2∗100 4
IB= =0.07186 m
4
Elemento C
( )
3
30 cm
∗80 cm
100
∗1
100 4
IC= =0.0018 m
12
Elemento D
(
30 cm 3
100 )
∗30 cm
∗1
100 4
ID= =0.000675m
12
Elemento E
( )
3
30 cm
∗30 cm
100
∗1
100 4
IE= =0.000675 m
12
Longitud de cada elemento:
Elemento A
Elemento A
y 2− y 1
θA=tan−1 ( )=1.571rad
x 2−x 1
Elemento B
−1 y 4− y 5
θB=tan ( )=1.571 rad
x 4−x 5
Elemento C
−1 y 4− y 2
θC =tan ( )=0
x 4−x 2
Elemento D
y 3− y 2
θD=tan−1 ( )=0.785 rad
x 3−x 2
Elemento E
−1 y 4− y 3
θE=−tan ( )=−0.785 rad
x 4−x 3
Elemento A
AA= ( 2∗100 )
110 cm 2
∗π=0.95 m
2
Elemento B
AB= ( 2∗100 )
110 cm 2
∗π =0.95 m
2
Elemento C
30 cm
∗80 cm
100 2
AC= =0.24 m
100
Elemento D
30 cm
∗30 cm
100
AD= =0.9 m2
100
Elemento E
30 cm
∗30 cm
100
AE= =0.9 m2
100
Matriz de rigidez para los elementos sin fricción en el fuste.
kN
MB=43000
m3
c=cos ( λ∗L)
sh=sinh ( λ∗L)
ch=cosh (λ∗L)
| |
A∗E − A∗E
0 0 0 0
L L
0 k 22 k 23 0 k 25 k 26
0 k 32 k 33 0 k 35 k 36
− A∗E A∗E
0 0 0 0
L L
0 k 52 k 53 0 k 55 k 56
0 k 62 k 63 0 k 65 k 66
Donde:
( 2∗E∗I∗λ2 )∗s2 +s h2
k 23= =k 32=−k 56=−k 65
s h 2−s 2
k 25=−( 4∗E∗I∗λ3 )∗
( s∗ch+sh∗c
2
s h −s
2 )
=k 52
( 4∗E∗I∗λ 2 )∗s∗sh
k 26= =k 26=−k 35=−k 53
s h2−s2
( 2∗E∗I ∗λ )∗sh∗ch−s∗c
k 33= 2 2
=k 63
s h −s
(2∗E∗I∗λ )∗s∗ch−sh∗c
k 36= 2 2
=k 36
s h −s
kN
QD=−40
m
kN
QE=−70
m
Elemento D
2 kN
qmaxD=QD∗cos ( θD ) =−20
m
kN
pmaxD=QD∗cos ( θD )∗sin (θD ) =−20
m
Función de la carga perpendicular al elemento.
kN kN
b=−40 ∧m=7.071 2
m m
kN kN LD '
∴ q ( x ' D ) =7.071 ∗( x' D )−40 ≤ x D ≤ LD
m 2
m 2
p ( x D )=m∗( x D)+b
' '
pmaxD=m∗ ( LD2 )+ b
0=m∗(LD)+b
kN kN
b=−40 ∧m=7.071 2
m m
kN kN LD '
∴ p ( x D )=7.071 ∗( x D ) −40
' '
≤ x D≤ LD
m
2
m 2
Elemento E
2 kN
qmaxE=QE∗cos ( θE ) =−35
m
kN
pmaxD=QD∗cos ( θE )∗sin ( θE )=−35
m
Función de la carga perpendicular al elemento.
qmaxE=m∗( 0 ) +b
0=m∗(¿)+ b
kN kN
b=−35.0 ∧ m=6.1871 2
m m
kN kN
∴ q ( x E ) =6.1871 ∗( x E ) −35
' ' '
0 ≤ x E ≤≤¿
m
2
m
pmaxE=m∗( 0 )+ b
0=m∗(¿)+ b
kN kN
b=−35.0 ∧ m=6.1871 2
m m
kN kN
∴ p ( x ' E )=6.1871 ∗( x ' E )−35 0 ≤ x ' E ≤≤¿
m 2
m
Vectores de empotramiento.
Elemento D
[ ]
( ( ))(
LD
∫
LD
2
1−
x' D
LD
7.071
kN '
m 2
m )
( x D )−40 kN x ' D
( ( ) ( ) )(
LD
)
2 3
||
x' D x' D kN '
∫ 1−3 +2 7.071 2
( x D )−40 kN x ' D
LD LD LD m m
2 9.428 kN
7.778 kN
(( ( ) ( ) ) )(
LD
)
2 3
x' D x' D x' D kN ' kN
∫ L
−2
LD
+
LD
LD 7.071 2 ( x D ) −40
m m
x' D
12
kN
LD
2 = m
LD 18.856 kN
LD
( )(
x' D kN kN
∫ LD 7.071 m2 ( x ' D ) −40 m x ' D ) 20.506 kN
kN
2 −21.3
m
( ( ) ( ) )(
LD
)
2 3
x' D x'D kN ' kN
∫ 3 LD −2 LD 7.071 m2 ( x D )−40 m x ' D
LD
2
∫( ( ) ( )) (
LD
)
2 3
x'D x' D kN '
− + LD 7.071 ( x D )−40 kN x ' D
LD LD LD m 2
m
2
Elemento E
Elemento A
[ ][ ]| |
A A
FX 1 ' 4514076 0 0 −4514076 0 0 u1'
A A
FY 1 ' 0 325705 551201.9 0 −232250 489116.6 v 1 '
M 1'A 0 551201.9 1393909 0 −489116.6 661545.2 θ 1 '
A
=
FX 2 ' A −4514076 0 0 4514076 0 0 u2'A
FY 2 '
A
0 −232250 −489116.6 0 325705 −551201.9 v 2 ' A
M 2'
A 0 489116.6 661545.2 0 −551201.9 1393909 θ 2 ' A
Elemento B
[ ][ ]| |
FX 5 ' B 4514076 0 0 −4514076 0 0 u 5' B
FY 5 ' B 0 325705 551201.9 0 −232250 489116.6 v 5'
B
Elemento C
[ ][ ]| |
C C
FX 2' 570000 0 0 −570000 0 0 u2'
C C
FY 2' 0 48578.9 34301 0 −79.28 −275.4 v2'
M 2' C 0 34301.9 48439.7 0 275.46 −468.0 θ 2 'C
C = C
FX 4 ' −570000 0 0 570000 0 0 u4'
FY 4 '
C
0 −79.28 −275.4 0 48439.7 −34301 v4'
C
Elemento D
[ ][ ]| | |
'D 'D
9.428 kN
FX 2 302288 0 0 −302288 0 0 u 2 7.778 kN
'D 'D
FY 2 0 850.185 2404.69 0 −850.185 2404.69 v 2 kN
'D 'D 12
M2 0 2404.6 9068.64 0 −2404.69 4534.32 θ 2 m
'D = 'D +
FX 3 −302288 0 0 302288 0 0 u3 18.856 kN
FY 3
'D 0 −850.185 −2404.69 0 850.18 −2404.69 v3
'D 20.506 kN
M3
'D 0 2404.69 4534.32 0 −2404.69 9068.64 θ 3' D kN
−21.3
m
Elemento E
[ ][ ]| | |
E E
FX 3 ' 302288 0 0 −302288 0 0 u 3' 65.99 kN
E E
FY 3 ' 0 850.185 2404.69 0 −850.185 2404.69 v 3' 69.29 kN
M 3'E 0 2404.6 9068.64 0 −2404.69 4534.32 θ 3'
E
56 kN . m
E = E +
FX 4 ' −302288 0 0 302288 0 0 u 4' 32.99 kN
FY 4 '
E
0 −850.185 −2404.69 0 850.18 −2404.69 v 4'
E
29.69 kN
M 4'
E 0 2404.69 4534.32 0 −2404.69 9068.64 θ 4 ' E −37 kN . m
Transformación del método de rigidez de coordenadas locales a nodales.
Matrices de transformación.
Elemento A
| |
0 1 0 0 0 0
−1 0 0 0 0 0
TA = 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 −1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Elemento B
| |
0 1 0 0 0 0
−1 0 0 0 0 0
TB= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 −1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Elemento C
| |
1 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0
TC= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Elemento D
| |
0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0
−0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0
TD= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.707107 0.707107 0
0 0 0 −0.707107 0.707107 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
Elemento E
| |
0.707107 −0.707107 0 0 0 0
0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0
TE= 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0.707107 −0.707107 0
0 0 0 0.707107 0.707107 0
0 0 0 0 0 1
[ ]| ||
FX 1 A 325705 0 −551201.9 −232250 0 −489116.6 u 1
A
FY 1 A 0 4514076 0 0 −4514076 0 v 1A
A A
M1 −551201.9 0 1393909 489116 0 661545.2 θ1
A =
FX 2 −232250 0 489116.6 325705 0 551201.9 u 2A
FY 2
A
0 −4514076 0 0 4514076 0 v2
A
Elemento B
[ ]| ||
B B
FX 5 325705 0 −551201.9 −232250 0 −489116.6 u 5
B B
FY 5 0 4514076 0 0 −4514076 0 v5
M 5B −551201.9 0 1393909 489116 0 661545.2 θ 5
B
=
FX 4 B −232250 0 489116.6 325705 0 551201.9 u 4 B
FY 4
B
0 −4514076 0 0 4514076 0 v4
B
M4
B −489116.6 0 661545.2 551201.9 0 1393909 θ 4 B
Elemento C
[ ]| ||
C C
FX 2 570000 0 0 −570000 0 0 u2
C C
FY 2 0 48578.9 34301 0 −79.2803 −275.468 v 2
C C
M2 0 34301 48439.7 0 275.468 −468.062 θ 2
C = C
FX 4 −570000 0 0 570000 0 0 u4
FY 4
C
0 −79.2803 275.468 0 48578.9 −34301 v 4C
M 4C 0 −275.468 −468.062 0 −34301 48439.7 θ 4C
Elemento D
[ ]| | || |
D D
1.166 kN
FX 2 151569 150719 −1700.37 −151569 −150719 −1700.37 u 2 12.16 kN
D 2D
FY 2 150719 151569 1700.37 −150719 −151569 1700.37 v kN
D D 12
M2 −1700.37 1700.37 9068.64 1700.37 −1700.37 4534.32 θ 2 + m
D = D
FX 3 −151569 −150719 1700.37 151569 150719 1700.37 u 3 −1.16 kN
FY 3
D −150719 −151569 −1700.37 150719 151569 −1700.37 v3
D 27.8 kN
M3 D −1700.37 1700.37 4 534.32 1700.37 −1700.37 9068.64 θ 3 D kN
−21.3
m
Elemento E
[ ]| || |
95.66 kN
FX 3 E 151569 −150719 1700.37 −151569 150719 1700.37 u 3 E
2.33 kN
FY 3 E −150719 151569 1700.37 150719 −151569 1700.37 v 3 E
kN
E E 56
M3 1700.37 1700 .37 9068.64 −1700.37 −1700.37 4534.32 θ 3 m
E = E +
FX 4 −151569 150719 1700.37 151569 −150719 −1700.37 u 4 44.33 kN
FY 4
E 150719 −151569 −1700.37 −150719 151569 −1700.37 v4
E −2.33 kN
M4
E 1700.37 1700.37 4534.32 −1700.37 −1700.37 9068.64 θ 4 E kN
−37.3
m
Cálculo de los desplazamientos desconocidos
| | ||
M1 M1A
0 0 489117 0 661545.2 0
FX 2 FX 2 + FX 2 D + FX 2C
A
|| |
θ1 0.000206004173720885 rad
u2 −0.000905161244876945m
v2 −1.67772560341038e-5 m
θ2 0.000235173974413071rad
u3 −0.00122280887601130m
v3 −4.41560359639051e-5 m
=
θ3 D 0.00228926644037686 rad
θ3 E −0.00631793229204896 rad
u4 −0.000931969789008694 m
v4 6.27825526446405e-6 m
θ 4 BE 0.000413595006525838 rad
θ4C 6.62276185946239e-6 m
| || |
FX 1 −18.353 kN
FY 1 75.7338 kN
FX 5 = 14.15 kN
FY 5 −28.34 kN
M 5 −182.23 kN .m
0
Elemento A
R sA X =82.7808602107055 kN
Elemento B
Rs B X=−61.419 kN
Elemento C
RsC Y =−7.39328 kN
Elemento A
| || | |
A
u1' 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
A
v1' −1 0 0 0 0 0 0
θ1'A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.000206004 rad
A =
u2' 0 0 0 0 1 0 −0.0009051612448m
v2' A
0 0 0 −1 0 0 −1.67772560341038e-5 m
θ2'
A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.000235173974413071rad
| || |
u1'A 0
A
v1' 0
A
θ1' 0.000206004173720885rad
A =
u2' −1.67772560341038e-5 m
v2'
A
0.000905161244876945 m
θ2'
A 0.000235173974413071rad
Elemento B
| || | |
u 5' B 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
B
v 5' −1 0 0 0 0 0 0
θ 5' B 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
B=
u 4' 0 0 0 0 1 0 −0.000931969789008694 m
v 4' B
0 0 0 −1 0 0 6.27825526446405e-6 m
θ 4'
B 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.000413595006525838rad
| || |
B
u 5' 0
B
v 5' 0
θ 5' B 0
B=
u 4' 6.278255264464e-6 m
v 4' B
0.000931969789008694 m
θ 4' B 0.000413595006525838rad
Elemento C
| || | |
C
u 2' 1 0 0 0 0 0 −0.000905161244876945
C
v 2' 0 1 0 0 0 0 −1.67772560341038e-5
C
θ 2' 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.000235173974413071
C =
u 4' 0 0 0 1 0 0 −0.000931969789008694
v 4'
C
0 0 0 0 1 0 6.27825526446405e-6
θ 4'
C 0 0 0 0 0 1 6.62276185946239e-6
| || |
C
u 2' −0.000905161244876945m
C
v 2' −1.67772560341038e-5 m
θ 2' C 0.000235173974413071rad
=
u 4 ' C −0.000931969789008694 m
v 4 'C 6.27825526446405e-6 m
θ 4' C 6.62276185946239e-6 rad
Elemento D
| || | |
'D
u2 0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0 −0.0009051612
'D
v2 −0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0 −1.677725603e-5
'D
θ2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.00023517397
'D =
u3 0 0 0 0.707107 0.707107 0 −0.0012228
v3
'D
0 0 0 −0.707107 0.707107 0 −4.41560359e-5
θ3
'D 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.002289
| || |
u 2' D −0.000651908965831162 m
'D
v2 0.000628182342808327 m
θ 2' D 0.000235173974413071rad
'D =
u3 −0.000895879480783083 m
v3 'D
0.000833433415862294 m
θ3
'D 0.00228926644037686 rad
Elemento E
| || | |
u 3' E 0.707107 −0.707107 0 0 0 0 −0.0012228
E
v 3' 0.707107 0.707107 0 0 0 0 −4.41560e-5
E
θ 3' 0 0 1 0 0 0 −0.0063179
E =
u 4' 0 0 0 0.707107 −0.707107 0 −0.0009319698
v 4'
E
0 0 0 0.707107 0.707107 0 6.278255264e-6
θ 4'
E 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.000413595
| || |
E
u 3' −0.000833433415862294
v 3' E −0.000895879480783082
θ 3' E −0.00631793229204896
E =
u 4' −0.000663441554540566
v 4' E
−0.000654562760797521
θ 4'
E 0.000413595006525838
Elemento A
( ( ))
'
h x' A x A
u A ( x ' A )=u A ( x' A )= 1− ∗0+ (−1.67772560341e-5 m)
LA LA
Elemento B
( ( ))
'
x'B xB
uhB ( x ' B ) = 1− ∗0+ ∗6.2782553e-6 m
LB LB
Elemento C
( ( ))
'
x'C xC
uhC ( x ' C )= 1− ∗(−0.0009051612 m)+ ∗(−0.0009319698 m)
LC LC
Elemento D
u D ( x D )= 1−
h '
( ( )) x' D
LD
∗(−0.000651908 m ) +
x' D
LD
∗(−0.0008958794 m )
( ( ) ( )) (( ( ) ( )) ) (( )
' 2 ' 3 ' ' 2 ' 3 '
xD xD xD xD xD xD
v ( x D ) = 1−3
h '
D +2 (0.0006281m)+ −2 + LD (0.00023517 rad)+ 3
LD LD LD LD LD LD
LD
Tramo 1 0< x ' E ≤
2
)( x )
ξ' D
LD D∗1−
LD
2
(
u D I ( x D ) =+ ∫ 7.071
f ' kN ( ' )
m
2
∗ ξ D −40
kN
m
' LD
AD∗ED
'
d (ξ D)
( ( ( ) )( ( ) ( ) ) ( ( ) )(( ξLD' D
3 2 3 2
L D3 x' D ξ' D x' D x' D
∗ − 1−3 +2 + 3
LD 6∗ED∗ID LD LD LD LD
'
LD
2
(
v D I ( x D ) = ∫ 7.071
f kN
m 2
∗( ξ D )−40
' kN
m ) LD
v D I ( x ' D ) =0.000177701928959837∗x ' D3−0.000936429481227491∗x ' D2 +0.000235173974413071∗x ' D+
LD
Tramo 2 < x ' E≤ LD
2
( )( )(
xD ξ' D
x' D D∗1− LD D∗1−
u fD II ( x ' D )= ∫
LD
2
ξ'
LD
AD∗ED
7.071
kN ( ' )
m
2
∗ ξ D −40
kN
m ) x'D
(
kN
d (ξ ' D)+ ∫ 7.071 2 ∗( ξ ' D ) −40
m
kN
m
x'
LD
AD∗ED
( (( ( ) ( ( ) ( ) )) ( ( ) )(( ( ) ( ) ) LD )))(
x' E 3 2 3 2 2 3
LD 3 x' D ξ' D ξ' D x' D ξ' D ξ' D
v II ( x D )= ∫
f
D
'
− 1− 3 −2 − −3 1− − +
LD 6∗ED∗ID LD LD LD LD LD LD
2
(
h '
) x'E
( ( )) x' E
u x E = 1− ¿ ∗(−0.0008334334 m)+ ¿ ∗(−0.00066344155 m)
E
( ( ) ( ) )(−0.0008959 m)+¿
' 2 ' 3
xE xE
v E ( x E ) = 1−3
h '
¿ +2 ¿
( )( )( x )
xE ξ' E
x'E E∗1− E∗1−
) (
¿
¿ kN kN kN kN ¿
u fE ( x ' E ) = ∫ ∗( ξ ' E ) −35 d (ξ ' E)+ ∫ 6.1871 2 ∗( ξ' E )−35
' '
ξ 6.1871
0
AE∗EE m 2
m x' E m m AE∗EE
x'E
v ( x E )=∫ ¿ ¿
f '
E
0
duE
P E=E E A E '
d (x ¿¿ ' E)( x E)¿
Para el momento flector:
d 2 vE
M E =E E I E
d¿¿¿
Para la fuerza cortante:
d 3 vE
V E=−E E I E
d¿¿¿
Elemento A
P A =−75.7338
Elemento B
PB =28.34
Elemento C
PC =−15.28087
Elemento D
' LD
P D I=−83.177 0 ≤ x D ≤
2
LD
M D I =13.6741634334594∗xD−24.01941619348510 ≤ x ' D≤
2
' LD
V D I =−13.674 0 ≤ x D ≤
2
LD '
P D II =−3.53553390593273∗x D2+ 40.0∗xD−168.030299523169 ≤ x D ≤ LD
2
6 5 4
M D II =−1.38777878078145e-17∗x D +4.44089209850063e-16∗x D −3.35944585325751e-17∗x D +1.178
LD '
≤ x D ≤ LD
2
Elemento E
2
P E=−3.09359216769114∗x E + 35.0∗xE−14.610107814002
6 5 4
M E =−1.38777878078145e-17∗x E −1.11022302462516e-16∗x E −8.06551268453612e-16∗x E +1.03119
5 4 2
V E=1.66533453693773e-16∗x E −8.88178419700125e-16∗x E −3.09359216769109∗x E +35.0∗xE−54.8
Conclusiones
1. Para la estructura la estabilidad de la estructura se esta dando por las reacciones en los
apoyos y las fuerzas resultantes del suelo, donde:
FX 1=−18.353 kN
FY 2=75.7338 kN
Y las reacciones del apoyo son:
FX 5=14.15 kN
FY 5=−28.34 kN
M 5=−182.23 kN . m
Por otro lado, las reacciones que les hace el suelo a la estructura son las siguientes:
Elemento A
RsA X =82.7808602107055 kN
Elemento B
RsB X=−61.419 kN
Elemento C
RsC Y =−7.39328 kN
2. Datos cada LE/10 de campos de desplazamiento y diagrama de campos de desplazamiento
Elemento A
Elemento C
Elemento E
Bibliografía
Resumen método de rigidez (Juan Camilo Molina)
Notas de clase Análisis Estructural 1 (Juan Camilo Molina)