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𝟒𝑸 4 ∗ (8 𝑙 ⁄𝑠 ∗ 1 𝑚3 ⁄1000 𝑙)
𝑽= = = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟔𝟔𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟒 𝒎⁄𝒔
𝝅𝒅𝟐 𝜋 ∗ (4 × 10−2 𝑚)2
𝝐 𝒌 0.05 𝑚𝑚
= = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑫 𝑫 40 𝑚𝑚
𝒌
𝒇 = 𝝀 = (𝑹𝒆 , ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟏𝟔
𝑫
𝑳 𝑽𝟐 30 𝑚 (6.366197724 𝑚/𝑠)2
𝒉=𝝀 = 0.0218416 ∗ ∗
𝑫 𝟐𝒈 0.04 𝑚 2 ∗ 9.81 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠
𝒉 = 𝟓. 𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟑𝟖𝟕 𝒎 → 𝑬𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒈í𝒂 𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒐
𝑷𝑨 𝑽𝟐𝑨 𝑷𝑬 𝑽𝟐𝑬
+ 𝒁𝑨 + − 𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 = + 𝒁𝑬 +
𝜸 𝟐𝒈 𝜸 𝟐𝒈
𝑷𝑨
=𝟎
𝜸
𝒁𝑨 = 𝟎
𝑽𝟐𝑨
≈𝟎
𝟐𝒈
𝑷𝑬
= −𝟓. 𝟓 𝒎
𝜸
𝑷𝑬 𝑽𝟐𝑬
𝒁𝑬 = −𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 − −
𝜸 𝟐𝒈
𝑸 = 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆
1 𝑚3 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
4 ∗ (4000 𝑙 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ ∗ )
𝑉𝐸 = 1000 𝑙 60 𝑠 = 3.772561614 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝜋 ∗ (0.15 𝑚)2
𝑳 𝑽𝟐 𝑽𝟐
𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 =𝝀∗ ∗ + ∑ 𝒁𝟎
𝑫 𝟐𝒈 𝟐𝒈
𝑳 𝑽𝟐 𝑳 𝑽𝟐
𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 = (𝝀 ∗ + ∑ 𝒁) = (𝝀 ∗ + ∑ 𝒁𝑽á𝒍 ) + 𝒉𝒄𝒐𝒅𝒐
𝑫 𝟐𝒈 𝑫 𝟐𝒈
15 𝑚 (3.772561614 𝑚⁄𝑠)2
ℎ𝑟−𝑎𝑠𝑝 = (0.025 ∗ + 6) ∗ 2
+ 8 × 10−2 𝑚
0.15 𝑚 2 ∗ 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠
ℎ𝑟−𝑎𝑠𝑝 = 6.245845037 𝑚
(3.772561614 𝑚⁄𝑠)2
𝑍𝐸 = −6.245845037 𝑚 − (−5.5 𝑚) −
2 ∗ 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
𝒁𝑬 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝒎
19-13. En una bomba centrifuga de agua las tuberías de aspiración y
impulsión son de 300 mm de diámetro. La tubería de aspiración tiene 10 m
de longitud y la de impulsión 150 m de longitud. Ambas tuberías son de
hierro galvanizado. En la tubería de aspiración hay una válvula de pie y un
codo en la tubería de impulsión una válvula compuerta. El caudal
bombeado es de 6,000 𝑙/𝑚𝑖𝑛 y la diferencia de niveles entre el pozo de
aspiración y el depósito de impulsión es de 10 𝑚. El rendimiento de la
bomba es de 65%.
Calcular la potencia de accionamiento.
𝑷𝑨 𝑽𝟐𝑨 𝑷𝒁 𝑽𝟐𝒁
+ 𝒁𝑨 + − 𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 − 𝒉𝒓−𝒊𝒎𝒑 + 𝑯𝑩𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒂 = + 𝒁𝒁 +
𝜸 𝟐𝒈 𝜸 𝟐𝒈
𝑷𝑨 𝑷𝒁
= =𝟎
𝜸 𝜸
𝑽𝟐𝑨
≈𝟎
𝟐𝒈
𝑽𝟐𝒁
𝑯𝑩𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒂 = (𝒁𝒁 − 𝒁𝑨 ) + + 𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 + 𝒉𝒓−𝒊𝒎𝒑
𝟐𝒈
(𝒁𝒁 − 𝒁𝑨 ) = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎
𝑳 𝑽𝟐
𝒉𝒓−𝒂𝒔𝒑 = (𝝀 ∗ + ∑ 𝒁)
𝑫 𝟐𝒈
𝑳 𝑽𝟐
𝒉𝒓−𝒊𝒎𝒑 = (𝝀 ∗ + ∑ 𝒁)
𝑫 𝟐𝒈
𝒁𝑽á𝒍 = 𝒇(𝟎. 𝟑 𝒎) = 𝟑. 𝟕
𝒁𝑪𝒐𝒅𝒐@𝟗𝟎° = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝑨𝒈𝒖𝒂@𝟐𝟎°
𝝆 = 𝟗𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒌𝒈⁄𝒎𝟑
𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎𝟐 ⁄𝒔
1 𝑚3 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛
4 ∗ (6000 𝑙 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ ∗ )
1000 𝑙 60 𝑠
𝑉𝑍 = = 1.414710605 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝜋 ∗ (0.3 𝑚)2
1.414710605 𝑚⁄𝑠 ∗ 0.3 𝑚
𝑅𝑒 = = 422,806.5168
1.0038 × 10−6 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠
𝒌
𝜆𝑎𝑠𝑝 = 𝜆𝑖𝑚𝑝 = (𝑹𝒆 , ) = 0.0183046
𝑫
10 𝑚 (1.414710605 𝑚⁄𝑠)2
ℎ𝑟−𝑎𝑠𝑝 = (0.0183046 ∗ + 3.7 + 0.25) ∗
0.3 𝑚 2 ∗ 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2
ℎ𝑟−𝑎𝑠𝑝 = 0.4651742446 𝑚
𝒁𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒂 (𝑨𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒂) = 𝟎. 𝟐
ℎ𝑟−𝑖𝑚𝑝 = 0.9540137732 𝑚
𝑸∆𝑷 𝑸𝝆𝒈𝑯𝑩𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒂
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 = =
𝜼 𝜼
𝟏 𝒎𝟑 𝟏 𝒎𝒊𝒏
(𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍⁄𝒎𝒊𝒏 ∗ ∗ ) ∗ 𝟗𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 𝒌𝒈⁄𝒎𝟑 ∗ 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝒎⁄𝒔𝟐 ∗ 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍 𝟔𝟎 𝒔
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 =
𝟎. 𝟔𝟓
𝝅𝑫𝟐
𝑭𝒙 = 𝝆 (𝑪𝟏 − 𝒖)𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
𝟒
Sin rozamiento 𝝎𝟏 = 𝝎𝟐
1 𝑚3
4 ∗ (200 𝑙 ⁄𝑠 ∗ )
1000 𝑙
𝐶1 = = 101.8591636 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝜋 ∗ (0.05 𝑚)2
3
𝜋 ∗ (0.05 𝑚)2
𝐹𝑥 = 1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ∗ ∗ (101.8591636 − 40)2 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 2
4
∗ (1 − cos(170°))
𝑭𝒙 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟗𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟐 𝒌𝑵
𝑷 = 𝒇(𝑴, 𝒏) = 𝒇(𝑭𝒙 , 𝒖)
𝑃 = 14.91270492 𝑘𝑁 ∗ 40 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑷 = 𝟓𝟗𝟔. 𝟓𝟎𝟖𝟏𝟗𝟕 𝒌𝑾
𝑬𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑷 𝑷
𝜼𝑺𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 = ⁄𝑬 = 𝒔𝒂𝒍⁄𝑷 = 𝒎𝒆𝒅⁄𝑷
𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂
𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 = 𝒎̇𝑽𝟐 = (𝝆𝑸)𝑪𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
1 2 3
1 𝑚3
𝑃𝑡𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = ∗ (101.8591636 𝑚⁄𝑠) ∗ (1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ∗ 200 𝑙 ⁄𝑠 ∗ )
2 1000 𝑙
𝑃𝑡𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = 1.037528921 𝑀𝑊
596,508.197 𝑊
𝜂𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 =
1,037,528.921 𝑊
𝑭𝒙 = 𝝆𝑸𝑪(𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
1 𝑚3
4 ∗ (1.52 𝑙 ⁄𝑠 ∗ )
1000 𝑙
𝐶= = 12.38607429 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝜋 ∗ (0.0125 𝑚)2
1.52 3
𝐹𝑥 = 1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ∗ 𝑚 ⁄𝑠 ∗ 12.38607429 𝑚⁄𝑠 ∗ (1 − cos(165°))
1000
𝐹𝑥 = 37.01215707 𝑁
𝑭𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑭 33 𝑁
⁄𝑭 = 𝒙 𝒎𝒆𝒅⁄𝑭 =
𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒙 𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 37.01215707 𝑁
𝑭𝒔𝒂𝒍
⁄𝑭 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟗𝟏𝟓𝟗𝟖𝟗𝟑𝟗𝟕
𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑭𝒙 𝒎𝒆𝒅
𝑪𝒔𝒂𝒍 =
𝝆𝑸(𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
33 𝑁
𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑙 = = 11.04341071 𝑚⁄𝑠
3 1.52 3
1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ∗ 1000 𝑚 ⁄𝑠 ∗ (1 − cos(165°))
𝑪𝟏𝒎 = 𝑪𝟏
{ 𝑪𝟏𝒖 = 𝟎
𝜶 = 𝟗𝟎°
𝝅𝑫𝟏 𝒏
𝒖𝟏 =
𝟔𝟎
𝜋 ∗ 0.1 𝑚 ∗ 1,500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝒖𝟏 = = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟒 𝒎⁄𝒔
60
𝑪𝟏⁄
𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝜷𝟏 = 𝒖𝟏
𝑪𝟏 = 7.853981634 𝑚⁄𝑠 ∗ Tan(15°) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝒎⁄𝒔
𝑸 = 𝑪𝒕𝒆.
𝝅𝒃𝟏 𝑫𝟏 𝑪𝟏𝒎 = 𝝅𝒃𝟐 𝑫𝟐 𝑪𝟐𝒎
Suponiendo que 𝒃𝟏 = 𝒃𝟐
𝑫𝟏 𝑪𝟏𝒎 𝑫𝟏 𝑪𝟏𝒎 𝑪𝟏𝒎
𝑪𝟐𝒎 = = =
𝑫𝟐 𝟐𝑫𝟏 𝟐
2.104468036 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑪𝟐𝒎 = = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟒𝟎𝟐𝟖 𝒎⁄𝒔
2
𝑪𝟐𝒎⁄ 𝑪𝟐𝒎
𝐒𝐞𝐧 𝜷𝟐 = 𝝎𝟐 → 𝝎𝟐 = ⁄𝐒𝐞𝐧 𝜷
𝟐
⁄
𝝎𝟐 = 1.052234028 𝑚 𝑠⁄Sen(30°) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟔𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝒎⁄𝒔
𝝎𝟐𝒖
𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝜷𝟐 = ⁄𝝎𝟐 → 𝝎𝟐𝒖 = 𝝎𝟐 𝐂𝐨𝐬 𝜷𝟐
𝑪𝟐 = √(𝑪𝟐𝒎 )𝟐 + (𝑪𝟐𝒖 )𝟐
𝑪𝟐𝒎 𝑪
𝐓𝐚𝐧 𝜶𝟐 = ⁄𝑪 → 𝜶𝟐 = 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 ( 𝟐𝒎⁄𝑪 )
𝟐𝒖 𝟐𝒖
⁄
𝛼2 = Tan−1 (1.052234028 𝑚 𝑠⁄13.88544049 𝑚⁄𝑠)
𝜶𝟐 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟖𝟏𝟑°
Considere:
𝝐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟓 𝒎𝒎: Rugosidad absoluta de acero comercial.
𝝁 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 𝒌𝒈⁄𝒎 ∙ 𝒔
150, 000 𝑃𝑎
𝜌= = 1.157215431 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
𝑃𝑎 ∙ 𝑚3
287 ∗ 316.15°𝐾
𝑘𝑔 ∙ °𝐾
4 ∗ 0.2 𝑚 ∗ 0.3 𝑚
𝐷ℎ = = 0.24 𝑚
2(0.2 𝑚 + 0.3 𝑚)
−3
𝜖⁄ = 0.045 × 10 𝑚
= 1.875 × 10−4
𝐷ℎ 0.24 𝑚
𝝊̇ 0.5 𝑚3 ⁄𝑠 25
𝑉= = = 𝑚 ⁄𝑠
𝑨 0.2 𝑚 ∗ 0.3 𝑚 3
25
1.157215431 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ∗ 3 𝑚⁄𝑠 ∗ 0.24 𝑚
𝑅𝑒 =
1.918 × 10−5 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ∙ 𝑠
𝑅𝑒 = 120,668.9709 → 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒋𝒐 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐(𝑹𝒆 > 𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎)
a)
40 𝑚 (25⁄2 𝑚/𝑠)2
ℎ𝐿 = 0.0183608 ∗ ∗
0.24 𝑚 2 ∗ 9.81 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠
𝒉𝑳 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟔𝟖𝟒 𝒎 → 𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒐
𝑃 = 𝜸𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒆 𝒉𝑳 = 𝝆𝒈𝒉𝑳 = 1.157215431 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ∗ 9.81 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 ∗ 10.83125684 𝑚
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟓𝟗𝟒𝟗𝟕 𝑷𝒂
a) Fijo.
𝑭𝒙 = 𝝆𝑸𝑪(𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
Sin rozamiento 𝝎𝟏 = 𝝎𝟐
𝐶 = 17 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑭𝒙 = 𝟓𝟒𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟕 𝑵
b) En Movimiento.
𝝅𝑫𝟐
𝑭𝒙 = 𝝆 (𝑪𝟏 − 𝒖)𝟐 (𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜶)
𝟒
Sin rozamiento 𝝎𝟏 = 𝝎𝟐
𝜋 ∗ (0.035 𝑚)2
𝐹𝑥 = 1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3 ∗ ∗ (17 − 6)2 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠 2 ∗ (1 − cos(165°))
4
𝑭𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟖𝟔𝟒𝟓𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝑵
𝑭𝒙 = 𝟑𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟏𝟎𝟕 𝑵
d) Potencia.
𝑷 = 𝒇(𝑭𝒙 , 𝒖)
𝑃 = 353.6997107 𝑁 ∗ 6 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑷 = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟔𝟒 𝑾
e) Eficiencia.
𝑬𝒔𝒂𝒍 𝑷 𝑷
𝜼𝑺𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 = ⁄𝑬 = 𝒔𝒂𝒍⁄𝑷 = 𝒎𝒆𝒅⁄𝑷
𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂
𝟏 𝟏
𝑷𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 = 𝒎̇𝑽𝟐 = (𝝆𝑸)𝑪𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
1 2 3
17 𝑚⁄𝑠 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ (0.035 𝑚)2
𝑃𝑡𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = ∗ (17 𝑚⁄𝑠) ∗ (1,000 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚 ∗ )
2 4
𝑃𝑡𝑒ó𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 = 2,363.429971 𝑊
2, 122.198264 𝑊
𝜂𝑆𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 =
2,363.429971 𝑊