EJERCICIOS

ESTUDIANTE

ANGIE MARCELA ALVIS ZAPATA

CODIGO:

1.110.587.996

TUTOR:
PAOLA CATTERINE SAENZ 

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

UNAD

IBAGUE - TOLIMA

2021
 SOLUCION EJERCICIOS LITERAL D

Ejercicio 2: resolución de problemas básicos de vectores en ℝ3 . Dados los vectores 𝒗⃗y 𝒘⃗,
calcule: 1. La suma 𝒖⃗= 𝒗⃗+ 𝒘⃗. 2. La magnitud de 𝒖⃗. 3. La dirección de 𝒖⃗. 4. El ángulo
formado por 𝒗⃗y 𝒘⃗.

D. 𝑣 = (5, 7,-3) y 𝑤⃗= (11,4,-3).

V́ = (5,7 ,−3 ) Ẃ ( 11,4 ,−3 )

Suma v́ + ẃ

ú=( 5+11 ) , (7 +4 ) , ( −3+ (−3 ) ) =( 16,11 ,−6 )

Magnitud ú=¿

|ú|=√ (16)2 +(11)2 +(−6)2=√ 256+121+36=√ 413=20,32

16 11 6
Direccion ú= + −
√ 413 √ 413 √ 413

Angulo formado por v́ y ẃ

v́ ∙ ẃ
cos θ=
|v́||ẃ|
v́ ∙ ẃ=( 5 ) (11 ) , ( 7 )( 4 ) , (−3 ) (−3 )=55+28+ 9=92

|v́|= √(5)2 +( 7)2+(−3)2=√ 25+49+ 9= √83=9,11

|ẃ|= √ (11)2+(4)2+(−3)2=√ 121+16+9=√ 146=12.08

|v́||ẃ|=√ 83 ∙ √146=√ 12118

 v́ ∙ ẃ 92
Entonces cos θ ¿ = =0,835
|v́||ẃ| √12118

cos θ ¿ 0,835=¿ θ=cos−1 0,835=0,581 rad=33 ,30°

Ejercicio 3: operaciones básicas entre vectores en ℝ3 Determine el producto cruz de los
vectores 𝑢⃗= (4, 3, −2); ⃗𝑣 = (1, − 2, −5) y luego, desarrollar las operaciones que se indiquen
en el literal seleccionado.

Vectores 𝑢⃗= (4, 3, −2) ⃗𝑣 = (1, − 2, −5)

i j k
| 1 −2 −5
−2 −5 ||
ú ∙ v́= 4 3 −2 = 3 −2 i− 4 −2 j+ 4 3 k
1 −5 1 −2 | | | | |
¿ [ ( 3 ) (−5 )−(−2 )(−2 ) ] i−[ ( 4 )(−5 )−(−2 ) ( 1 ) ] j+ [ ( 4 ) (−2 )− (3 )( 1 ) ] k

¿ [ −15−4 ] i−[ −20+2 ] j+ [ −8−3 ] k =−19 i+ 18 j−11 k

D . ( 8 ú−10 v́ ) ∙¿

( 8 ( 4,3 ,−2 )−10 ( 1 ,−2 ,−5 ) ) ∙ (7 ( 4,3 ,−2 )+ 8 ( 1 ,−2,−5 ) )

( ( 32,24 ,−16 ) −( 10 ,−20 ,−50 ) ) ∙ ( ( 28,21 ,−14 ) + ( 8 ,−16 ,−40 ) )

( 22,44,34 ) ∙ ( 36,5 ,−54 )=792+220−1836=−824
Ejercicio 4: operaciones con matrices y determinantes. Dada las matrices:

C 11 =( 1∙ 8 ) + ( 0 ∙−4 )+ ( 4 ∙ 16 )=72
C 12=( 1 ∙5 ) + ( 0 ∙ 1 ) + ( 4 ∙−13 )=−47
C13=( 1 ∙5 )+ ( 0∙ 6 ) + ( 4 ∙ 2 )=13
C 11 C12 C 13 C21=( 2 ∙ 8 ) + (−2 ∙−4 ) + ( 3 ∙16 )=72

(
A ∙C= C 21 C22 C 23 =¿
C 31 C32 C 33 ) C 22=( 2∙ 5 ) + (−2 ∙1 ) −( 3∙ 13 )=−31
C23=( 2 ∙5 )+ (−2∙ 6 ) + ( 3 ∙ 2 )=4
C 31=( 8 ∙ 8 ) + (−1∙−4 ) + ( 1∙ 16 ) =84
C 32=( 8 ∙5 )+ (−1∙ 1 )+ ( 1∙−13 )=26
C 33=( 8 ∙5 ) + (−1 ∙ 6 ) + ( 1∙ 2 )=36

72 −47 13
( 72 −31 4
84 26 36 )
 72 −47 13
72 −31 4
DETERMINANTE 84 26 36
72 −47 13
72 −31 4
| | −( 72 ∙−31 ∙36 )=−80352
−( 72∙ 26 ∙13 )=24336
−( 84 ∙−47 ∙ 4 )=−15792

( 72 ∙−47 ∙ 36 ) =−121824
( 72 ∙26 ∙ 4 )=7488
( 84 ∙−31 ∙13 )=−33852

¿ (−80352+24336−15792 )−(−121824+7488−33852 )=(−71808 )−(−148188 )=−71808+ 148188=76.380

D. 2 A ∙ ( A T +7 B )

1 0 4 2 0 8
(
2 A=2 ∙ 2 −2 3 = 4 −4 6
8 −1 1 16 −2 2)( )
1 2 8
(
AT = 0 −2 −1
4 3 1 )
3 −2 4 21 14 28
(
7 B=7 2 −2 4 = 14 −28 28
5 2 −2 35 14 −14)( )
2 0 8 1 2 8 34 28 24
( )(
2 A ∙ AT = 4 −4 6 ∙ 0 −2 −1 = 28 34 42
16 −2 2 4 3 1 24 42 132 )( )
 C 11=( 2 ∙ 1 )+ ( 0∙ 0 ) + ( 8 ∙ 4 )=34
C12=( 2 ∙ 2 )+ ( 0∙−2 ) + ( 8 ∙3 )=28
C13=( 2 ∙ 8 ) + ( 0 ∙−1 ) + ( 8 ∙1 )=24
C 21=( 4 ∙ 1 ) + (−4 ∙0 )+ ( 6 ∙ 4 ) =28
C22=( 4 ∙ 2 )+ (−4 ∙−2 )+ ( 6 ∙3 ) =34
C23=( 4 ∙ 8 ) + (−4 ∙−1 ) + ( 6 ∙ 1 )=42
C 31=( 16∙ 1 ) + (−2 ∙ 0 )+ ( 2∙ 4 )=24
C32=( 16 ∙ 2 ) + (−2 ∙−2 ) + ( 2 ∙3 ) =42
C 33=( 16 ∙8 )+ (−2∙−1 )+ ( 2∙ 1 )=132

2 0 8 21 −14 28 322 84 −56

( )(
2 A ∙7 B= 4 −4 6 ∙ 14 −28 28 = 238 140 −84
16 −2 2 35 14 −14 378 −140 364 )( )
C 11= ( 2∙ 21 )+ ( 0 ∙14 )+ ( 8 ∙35 )=322
C12=( 2 ∙−14 ) + ( 0 ∙−28 ) + ( 8 ∙ 14 ) =84
C13= ( 2∙−28 ) + ( 0 ∙28 )+ ( 8∙−14 ) =−56
C 21=( 4 ∙ 21 ) + (−4 ∙14 )+ ( 6 ∙35 ) =238
C 22=( 4 ∙−14 ) + (−4 ∙−28 )+ (6 ∙ 14 )=140
C23=( 4 ∙ 28 ) + (−4 ∙ 28 ) + ( 6 ∙−14 )=−84
C 31=( 16 ∙21 ) + (−2 ∙14 ) + ( 2 ∙35 ) =378
C 32=( 16∙−14 ) + (−2 ∙−28 )+ ( 2∙ 14 ) =−140
C33= (16 ∙ 28 ) + (−2 ∙ 28 ) + ( 2∙−14 ) =364

2 A ∙ ( A T +7 B )

34 28 24 322 84 −56 356 112 −32

( )(
28 34 42 + 238 140 −84 = 266 174 −42
24 42 132 378 −140 364 402 −98 496 )( )
Ejercicio 5: resolución de problemas básicos sobre matrices y determinantes. En cada caso
halle la matriz inversa mediante los siguientes métodos:

• El método de Gauss-Jordán.

• El método de los determinantes.

El método de Gauss-Jordán.

1 3 4 1 0 0 1 3 4 1 0 0
( | ) (
2 1 −5 0 1 0 =F 2−2 F 1=F 2 0 −5 −13 −2 1 0
3 −1 3 0 0 1 3 −1 3 0 0 1 | )
1 3 4 1 0 0
( |
F 3−3 F1=F 3 2 −5 135 −2 1 0
0 −10 −9 −3 0 1 )
1 3 4 1 0 0
F2
−5
=F2
( |
0 1 2,6 0,4 −0,2 0
0 −10 −9 −3 0 1 )
 1 0 −3,8 −0,2 0,6 0
( |
F 1−3 F 2=F 1 0 1 2,6 0,4 −0,2 0
0 −10 −9 −3 0 1 )
1 0 −3,8 −0,2 0,6 0
( |
F 3+10 F 2=F 3 0 1 2,6 0,4 −0,2 0
0 0 17 1 −2 1 )
−0,2 0,6 0
F3
17 (1 0 −3,8
=F 3 0 1 2,6
0 0 1 |
0,4 −0,2
1 −2
17 17
1
17
0
)
2 13 19

( | )
1 0 0 85
F 1+3,8 F 3=F 1 0 1 2,6 0,4
0 0 1 1
17
85 85
−0,2 0
−2 1
17 17

2 13 19

( | )
85 85 85
1 0 0
21 9 −13
F 2−2,6 F3 =F 2 0 1 0
85 85 85
0 0 1
1 −2 1
17 17 17

2 13 19

( )
85 85 85
21 9 −13
D−1=
85 85 85
1 −2 1
17 17 17
 DETERMINANTES

Hallamos la determinante

1 3 4
(
|D|= 2 1 −5
3 −1 3 )
Método del triangulo
1 ∙1 ∙3+ 3∙ (−5 ) ∙3+ 4 ∙ 22 (−1 )−3 ∙1 ∙ 4−(−1 ) ∙ (−5 ) ∙ 1−3 ∙2 ∙ 3=−85

|D|=−85 , como es ≠ O es invertible

C 11=(−1 )
( 1+1 )
∙|−11 −53|=1∙ (1 ∙3−(−5) ∙(−1) )=−2
C 12=(−1 )(1+2 ) ∙|2 −5|=−1 ∙ ( 2∙ 3−(−5 ) ∙ 3 ) =−1∙ 21=−21
3 3

2 1
∙|
3 −1|
(1+3 )
C 13=(−1) =1 ∙ ( 2∙(−1)−1 ∙ 3 )=−5

C 21=(−1 )(2+1 ) ∙| 3 4|=−1 ∙ ( 3 ∙ 3−4 ∙ (−1 ) )=−1 ∙ 13=−13

−1 3

1 4
∙|
3 3|
( 2+2 )
C 22=(−1 ) =1 ∙ ( 1 ∙3−4 ∙3 )=−9

C 23=(−1)(2+ 3) ∙|1 3 |=−1∙ ( 1∙ (−1 )−3∙ 3 ) =−1∙ (−10 )=10

3 −1

3 4
∙|
1 −5|
(3+1 )
C 31=(−1) =1 ∙ ( 3 ∙ (−5 )−4 ∙1 ) =−19

C 32=(−1)(3+2 ) ∙|1 4 |=−1 ∙ ( 1∙ (−5 )−4 ∙ 2 )=−1 ∙ (−13 )=13

2 −5

1 3
∙|
2 1|
(3+ 3)
C 33=(−1) =1 ∙ ( 1∙ 1−3 ∙ 2 )=−5
 −2 −13 −19 2 13 19
( )
( )
−21 −9 13 85 85 85
Adj D T
−5 10 −5 21 9 −13
D−1= = =
|D| −85 85 85 85
1 −2 1
17 17 17