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Analisis Matematica II (DERIVADAS)
Analisis Matematica II (DERIVADAS)
INGENIERÍA CIVIL
RESOLUCIÓN DE EJERCICIOS DE
APLICACIONES DE DERIVADAS
SECCIÓN :”C”
. HVCA – 2013
RESOLUCIÓN DE
EJERCICIOS DE
APLICACIÓN
DEDERIVADAS
2. Encuentra por medio del criterio de la primera derivada los máximos y mínimos de las
siguientes funciones .
A ¿ y (t )=t 3 +3 t 2 + 9t
Si : y , ( x )=0
y ' ( t )=3 t 2+ 6 t+ 9
y ' ( t )=0
3(t +1)2+6=0
t+ 1=√ −2
t=√ −2−1
t=√ 2.i−1
Como nuestros puntos criticos no pertenecen a losreales , concluimos que con el metodo de la
B ¿ y ( x )=x 4 −x2 +1
Si : y , ( x )=0
y ' ( x )=x ( 2 x + √ 2 ) ( 2 x− √ 2 )
x (2 x + √ 2)(2 x− √2)=0
2
PC = ±{√ } 2
,0
2
REEMPLAZANDO PC = ± {√ } 2
, 0 EN y' (x )=4 x3 −2 x
√ 2
⟨
→ −∞,− ⟩ 2
3
→ x=−1→ y ' (−1)=4 (−1 ) −2(−1)
√ 2
⟨
→ −∞,− ⟩ 2
→ x=−1→ y ' (−1 )=−2
− √2
→ [ 2
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' ( x)=4 x 3−2 x
− √2
→ [ 2
3
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' (−0.5)=4 ( 0.5 ) −2(0.5)
− √2 1
→ [ 2
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' (−0.5)=
2
−√ 2
Por elcriterio de la primera derivada se concluye que el puntocritico x= es un minimo
2
− √2
→ [ 2
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' ( x)=4 x 3−2 x
− √2
→ [2
3
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' (−0.5)=4 (−0.5 ) −2(−0.5)
− √2 1
→ [2
, 0 ⟩ → x=−0.5 → y ' (−0.5)=
2
,
y ( x ) >0 →la funcion es creciente
√ 2
→[0,
2⟩ → x=0.5 → y ' ( 0.5 )=
−1
2
√ 2
→[0,
2⟩ → x=0.5 → y ' ( 0.5 )=
−1
2
2
→ [√2
, +∞ ⟩ → x=1→ y ' ( x)=4 x 3−2 x
2
→ [√2
, +∞ ⟩ → x=1→ y ' ( x )=4(1)3−2(1)
2
→ [√2
, +∞ ⟩ → x=1→ y ' (1 )=2
MAXIMO : x=0
− √2 √ 2
MINIMO: x= ;
2 2
Si : y , ( x )=0
t 2+ t+2=0
1 2 7
( )
t + + =0
2 4
7 i−1
t= √
2
Como nuestros puntos criticos no pertenecen a losreales , concluimos que con el metodo de la
D ¿ y ( t )=sen(t )
Si : y , ( x )=0
y ( t ) =sen (t)
y ' ( t )=cos ( t )
cos (t)=0
t=arccos ( 0)
PC = { π2 , 32π }
2.−CALCULAMOS LOS MAXIMO Y MINIMOS :
π
→ 0,⟨ ⟩ 2
→ t=45→ y ' ( t )=cos ( t )
π
→ 0,⟨ ⟩ 2
→ t=45→ y ' ( 45 )=cos ( 45 )
π 2
→ 0,⟨ ⟩ → t=45→ y ' ( 45 )= √
2 2
π
→ ⟨ ⟩
2
, π → t=120→ y ' ( t )=cos ( t )
π
→ ⟨ ⟩
2
, π → t=120→ y ' ( t )=cos (120 )
π
→ ⟨ ⟩
2
, π → t=120→ y ' ( t )=
−1
2
π
Por el criterio de la primera derivada se concluye que el punto critico x= es un maximo .
2
3π
→ π, ⟨ 2 ⟩
→→ t=240 → y ' ( t ) =cos ( t )< 0
3π
→ π, ⟨ 2 ⟩
→→ t=120 → y ' ( t ) =cos ( t )< 0
3π
→ π, ⟨ 2 ⟩
→→ t=120 → y ' ( t ) =cos ( t )< 0
3π
¿ ⟨ 2 ⟩
, 2 π → f ' ( x ) >0
3π
Por el criterio de la primera derivada se concluye que el punto critico x= es un minimo .
2
MAXIMO : x=0
− √2 √ 2
MINIMO: x= ;
2 2
3.−Hallar 2 números sabiendo que su suma es 10 pero que su producto sea máximo .
→ x+ y =10
→ x . y → maxim o
→ y=10− x
f ( x )=x . y
f ( x )=x (10−x)
f ( x )=10 x−x 2
f ' ( x )=10−2 x
f ' ( x )=0
10−2 x=0
x=5
PC ={ 5 }
REMPLAZANDO x EN x + y=10 :
x + y=10
y=5
circulo de radio R .
Sabemos que :
A=Area
A=x . y
x 2+ y 2=(2 R)2
x 2+ y 2=4 R 2
y= √ 4 R2−x 2
' 2 2 x2
A ( x ) =√ 4 R −x −
√ 4 R 2−x 2
' 4 R2−2 x 2
A ( x)=
√ 4 R2−x 2
2. ( √ 2 R−x ) .( √2 R+ x)
A' ( x ) =
√ ( 2 R−x ) .( 2 R+ x )
A' ( x ) =0
Pc={ ± √2 R }
2 x ( x 2−6 R 2)
A' ' ( x )= 3
2 2 2
(4 R −x )
−4 R2 (2 √ 2 R)
A ' ' ( √ 2 )= 3
< 0→ Maximo
2 2
(2 R )
4 R2 (2 √ 2 R)
A ' ' (− √ 2 ) = 3
< 0→ Minimo
2 2
(2 R )
∴ x=√ 2 R ; x 2+ y 2=4 R 2
2
( √ 2 R) + y 2=4 R2 → Y = √2 R
5.−Se desea cercar un lote rectangular que tenga 4000 m2 de superficie , con uno de sus lados
a lo largo de un riorecto . Sino necesita cercar para el lado que da al rio. Que dimensiones
Sabemos que :
A=4000 m2
A=x . y
P=2 x + y
4000=x . y
4000
=y
x
P=2 x + y
4000
P ( x ) =2 x +
x
Domf ( x )=R− { 0 }
' 2 x2 −4000
P ( x )=
x2
2. ( x+ 20 √ 5 ) .( x−20 √ 5)
P' ( x ) =
x2
P' ( x )=0
Pc={ ± 20 √5 }
4 x3 −2 x .(2 x2 −4000)
P ' ' ( x )=
x4
8000 x
P ' ' ( x )=
x4
8000
P ' ' ( x )=
x3
x=20 √ 5 → 20 √ 5 y =4000
y=40 √5
Sabemos que :
A=300 m2
A=4 xy + x 2
v=x 2 . y
4 xy+ x2 =30 0
300−x2 =4 x y
300−x 2
=y
4x
v=x 2 . y
300−x 2
2
v=x .
4x
300 x−x 3
v( x)=
4
300−3 x 2
v ' ( x)=
4
v ' ( x)=0
−3(x−10)(x +10)
=0
4
Pc={ ±10 }
−6 x
v' ' ( x )=
4
−3 x
v' ' ( x )=
2
de ellauna caja cortando cuadrados iguales en cada una de las e squinas y doblando
los bordes haciaarriba . Hallar lasdimensiones de una cajade volumen maximo que
base de la caja=12
V =x .(12−2 x)2
V =144 x−48 x 2+ 4 x 3
V ' ( x )=o
Pc={ 6,2 }
8.−Unacaja rectangular con base cuadrada debe tener una capacidad de 125 c m3 .
Determinar las dimensiones de la caja abierta que se quie ℜ fabricar para que el
Sabemos que :
v=125
v=x 2 . y
At =x 2+ 40 xy
C ( x )=20 x 2 +40 x y
5000
C ( x )=20 x 2 +
x
5000
C ' ( x )=40 x−
x2
40 x 3−5000
C ' ( x )=
x2
( x −5 ) . ( x 2 +5 x+25 ) .40
C ' ( x )=
x2
C ' ( x )=0
Pc={ 5 }
' 40 x 3+10000
C ' ( x )=
x3
40( x 3 +250)
C ' ' ( x )=
x3
X =5 y=5
C ( x )=150 0
Sabemos que :
C ( x )=2+3 x
P ( x ) =55−2 x
x=numero de pantalones
Utilidad=Ingreso−costo
U ( x )=52 x −2 x 2−2
U ' ( x ) =0
X =13 pantalones
A ¿ √ 66
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√ 66 ; 66=64+2
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
2
f ( x 0 ) =x
, 1 −1
f ( x 0 )= x 2
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 66 )=√ x+ ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 66 )=√ 64+ ( 2 √164 ) 2
1
f ( 66 )=8+
8
65
f ( 66 )=
8
f ( 66 )=8.12
B ¿ √ 98
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√ 98 ; 98=81+17
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
2
f ( x 0 ) =x
, 1 −1
f ( x 0 )= x 2
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 98 )=√ x+ ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 98 )=√ 81+ ( 2 √181 )17
17
f ( 98 )=9+
18
179
f ( 98 )=
18
f ( 98 )=9.94
C ¿ √ 61
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√ 61; 61=49+12
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
f ( x 0 ) =x 2
, 1 −1
f ( x 0 )= x 2
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 61 ) =√ x + ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 61 ) =√ 49+ ( 2 √149 ) 12
12
f ( 61 ) =7+
14
110
f ( 61 ) =
14
f ( 61 ) =7.8
D ¿ √ 47
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√ 47 ; 47=36 +11
x0 ∆ x
H ALLANDO f ( x0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
f ( x 0 ) =x 2
, 1 −1
f ( x 0 )= x 2
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 47 )= √ x + ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 47 )= √ 36+ ( 2 √136 )11
11
f ( 47 )=6+
12
72
f ( 47 )=
12
f ( 47 )=6.9
E ¿ √ 80
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√ 80 ; 80=81+(−1)
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
f ( x 0 ) =x 2
, 1 −12
f ( x 0 )= x
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 80 )=√ x+ ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 80 )=√ 81+ ( 2 √181 )(−1)
f ( 80 )=9+ ( −118 )
161
f ( 80 )=
18
f ( 80 )=8.9
F ¿ √ 119
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√ x
1
2
f ( x 0 ) =x
, 1 −1
f ( x 0 )= x 2
2
1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √x
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 119 )=√ x+ ( 2 1√ x ) ∆ x
f ( 119 )=√ 100+ ( 2 √1100 ) 19
19
f ( 119 )=10+
20
219
f ( 119 )=
20
f ( 119 )=10.9
G ¿ √3 120
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCAD O VALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√3 120 ;120=125+(−5)
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√3 x
1
f ( x 0 ) =x 3
, 1 −23
f ( x 0 )= x
3
1
f , ( x 0 )= 3
3 √ x2
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
1
f ( 120 )=√ x +
3
(√ )
3 x2
3
∆x
1
f ( 120 )=√ 125+
3
( 3
3 √ 125 2 ) (−5)
−5
f ( 120 )=5+
75
370
f ( 120 )=
75
f ( 120 )=4.9
H ¿ √3 1010
POR ∝IEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√3 1010 ;1010=1000+10
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√3 x
1
3
f ( x 0 ) =x
, 1 −2
f ( x 0 )= x 3
3
1
f , ( x 0 )= 3
3 √ x2
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
1
f ( 1010 ) =√ x +
3
(√ )
3 x2
3
∆x
1
f ( 1010 ) =√3 1000+ 3
.10
3 √ 10002
10
f ( 1010 ) =10+
300
301
f ( 1010 ) =
30
f ( 1010 ) =10.03
1
I¿
96
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
1 1
; 96=81+15 →
96 81+15
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
1
f ( x0)=
x
−1
f , ( x 0 )=
x2
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 961 )= 1x −( x1 ) ∆ x
2
f ( 961 )=0.01
1
J¿
√ 51
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
1 1
;51=49+2 →
√ 51 49+2
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
1
f ( x0 )=
√x
1
f ( x0 )= 1
2
x
−1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √ x3
−1
f , ( x 0 )=
2 √ x3
REEMPLAZA NDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
f ( 511 )= 17 − 1372
1
f ( 511 )= 1372
195
f ( 511 )=0.14
5
H ¿ √ 35
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√5 35 ; 35=32+3
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√5 x
1
f ( x 0 ) =x 5
, 1 −54
f ( x 0 )= x
5
1
f , ( x 0 )= 5
5 √ x4
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
1
f ( 35 )=√ x+
5
(√ )
5
5 x4
∆x
1
f ( 35 )=√5 32+ 5
.3
5 √ 324
3
f ( 35 )=2+
80
163
f ( 35 )=
80
f ( 35 )=2.04
L ¿ √4 15
POR PROPIEDAD :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
BUSCADOVALORES DE x 0 Y ∆ x
√4 15 ; 15=16+(−1)
x0 ∆ x
HALLANDO f ( x 0 ) Y f , ( x 0 )
f ( x 0 ) =√4 x
1
4
f ( x 0 ) =x
, 1 −3
f ( x 0 )= x 4
4
1
f , ( x 0 )= 4
4 √ x3
REEMPLAZANDO EN :
f ( x 0 + ∆ x ) =f ( x 0 ) + f , ( x 0 ) ∆ x
1
f ( 15 )=√ x+
4
(√ )
4 x3
4
∆x
1
f ( 15 )=√4 16+ 4
(−1)
4 √ 163
−1
f ( 15 )=2+
32
63
f ( 15 )=
32
f ( 15 )=1.96
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=3 x 2−1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ( x 0 +h )2 −1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ( x 02 +2 x0 h+h 2) −1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ¿
f ( x 0 +h )=12.23
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=3 x 2−1
f ( x 0 ) =3 ( x 0 )2−1
f ( x 0 ) =3 ( 2 )2−1
f ( x 0 ) =11
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =12.23−11
∆ f =1.23
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
2 ,
df ( x )=( 3 x −1 ) d ( x )
df ( x )=(6 x) d ( x )
df ( x 0 )=(6)(x 0)d ( x0 )
df ( x 0 )=(6) ( 2 ) (0.1)
df ( x 0 )=1.2
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=3 x 2−1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ( x 0 +h )2 −1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ( x 02 +2 x0 h+h 2) −1
f ( x 0 +h )=3 ¿
f ( x 0 +h )=3(2)2 +6(2)(−0.003)+3(−0.003)2 −1
f ( x 0 +h )=10.964027
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=3 x 2−1
f ( x 0 ) =3 ( x 0 )2−1
f ( x 0 ) =3 ( 2 )2−1
f ( x 0 ) =11
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =10.964027−11
∆ f =−0.035973
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
2 ,
df ( x )=( 3 x −1 ) d ( x )
df ( x )=(6 x) d ( x )
df ( x 0 )=(6)(x 0)d ( x0 )
df ( x 0 )= ( 6 ) (2 )(−0.003 )
df ( x 0 )=−0.036
C ¿ f ( x )= √ x en x 0=16 y h=−0.05
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )= √ x
f ( x 0 +h )=√ x 0+ h
f ( x 0 +h )=√ 16+(−0.05)
f ( x 0 +h )=3.99374511
REEMPLAZA NDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )= √ x
f ( x 0 ) =√ x0
f ( x 0 ) =√ 16
f ( x 0 ) =4
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =3.99374511−4
∆ f =−6.25489∗10−3
HALLANDO df
d f ( x)=f , ( x) dx
df ( x )=√ x [ d ( x ) ]
1
df ( x )= [d ( x )]
2 √x
1
df ( x 0 )= [ d ( x0)]
2 √ x0
1
df ( x 0 )= (−0.05)
2 √ 16
df ( x 0 )=−6.25∗10−3
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )= √3 x
f ( x 0 +h )=√3 x 0+ h
f ( x 0 +h )=4.015564359
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )= √3 x
f ( x 0 ) =√3 x0
3
f ( x 0 ) = √ x0
f ( x 0 ) =4
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =4.015564359−4
∆ f =0.01556435913
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
3 ,
df ( x )=( √ x ) [ d ( x ) ]
1
df ( x )= 3
[d ( x )]
3 √ x2
1
df ( x 0 )= 3 2 [ d ( x0 ) ]
√
3 ( x0 )
1
df ( x 0 )= (0.75)
3 ( 16 )
df ( x 0 )=0.015625
2
E ¿ f ( x )= en x 0=2 y h=0.3
x−1
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
2
f ( x )=
x−1
2
f ( x 0 +h )=
x 0+ h−1
2
f ( x 0 +h )=
2+0.3−1
f ( x 0 +h )=1.538461538
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
2
f ( x )=
x−1
2
f ( x0 )=
x 0−1
2
f ( x0)=
2−1
f ( x 0 ) =2
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =1.538461538−2
∆ f =−0.4615384615
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
2 , ( )
df ( x )= ( )x −1
[d x ]
f , g ( x ) f , ( x )−g, ( x ) f ( x )
()g
( x )=
g2
REEMPLAZANDO :
−2
df ( x )= [d (x )]
( x−1 )2
−2
df ( x 0 )= d x
2 [ ( 0)]
( x 0−1 )
−2
df ( x 0 )= (0.3)
( 2−1 )2
df ( x 0 )=−0.6
π
F ¿ f ( x )=senx en x 0= y h=−0.1
4
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=senx
f ( x 0 +h )=sen( x 0 +h)
f ( x 0 +h )=0.7058715707
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=senx
f ( x 0 ) =sen x 0
f ( x 0 ) =sen ( π4 )
2
f ( x0 )= √
2
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
2
∆ f =0.7058715707− √
2
∆ f =−1.235210487∗10−3
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
df ( x )=( senx ), [ d ( x ) ]
f ( x )=sen ( u ) → f , ( x )=cos (u )
REMEPLAZANDO :
df ( x )=cosx [ d ( x ) ]
df ( x )=cosx [ d ( x ) ]
π
REEMPLAZANDO : x 0= y h=d x 0=−0.1
4
df ( x 0 )=cos x 0 [ d ( x 0 ) ]
df ( x 0 )=cos ( π4 ) (−0.1)
df ( x 0 )=−0.07071067812
π
G ¿ f ( x )=tanx en x 0= y h=0.03
6
REEMPLAZAN DO f ( x 0+ h ) EN :
f ( x )=tanx
f ( x 0 +h )=tan( x 0 +h)
tan x 0 +tanh
f ( x 0 +h )=
1−tan x 0 tanh
π
f ( x +h )=
( 6)
tan
+ tan ( 0.03 )
0
π
1−tan ( ) tan ( 0.03 )
6
√ 3 + ( 5.235988234∗10−4 )
3
f ( x 0 +h )=
1− ( √33 ) (5.235988234∗10−4
)
f ( x 0 +h )=0.5780486121
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=tanx
f ( x 0 ) =tan x 0
f ( x 0 ) =tan ( π6 )
3
f ( x0 )= √
3
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
3
∆ f =0.5780486121− √
3
∆ f =6.983428736∗10−4
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
df ( x )=( tanx ) , [ d ( x ) ]
f ( x )=tan ( u ) → f , ( x )=sec 2 ( u )
REMEPLAZANDO :
df ( x )=sec 2 x [ d ( x ) ]
π
REEMPLAZANDO : x 0= y h=d x 0=0.03
6
df ( x 0 )=sec 2 x 0 [ d ( x0 ) ]
df ( x 0 )=sec 2 ( π6 )( 0.03)
df ( x 0 )=0.04
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=arc tanx
f ( x 0 +h )=arctan (1+0.013)
f ( x 0 +h )=45.370011231
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=arc tanx
f ( x 0 ) =arc tan x 0
f ( x 0 ) =arc tan ( 1 )
f ( x 0 ) =45
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =45.370011231−45
∆ f =0.370011231
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
df ( x )=( arctanx ), [ d ( x ) ]
, u,
f ( x )=arctan ( u ) → f ( x )=
1+u 2
REMEPLAZANDO :
x,
df ( x )= [ d ( x) ]
1−x 2
1
df ( x )= 2
[d ( x)]
1+ x
1
df ( x )= [d ( x)]
1+ x 2
1
df ( x 0 )= [ d ( x0 ) ]
1+ x 02
1
df ( x 0 )= (0.013)
1+12
df ( x 0 )=6.5∗10−3
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=ln x
f ( x 0 +h )=ln (x 0+ h)
f ( x 0 +h )=ln (1+0.018)
f ( x 0 +h )=0.01783991813
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=ln x
f ( x 0 ) =ln x 0
f ( x 0 ) =ln ( 1 )
f ( x 0 ) =0
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =0.01783991813−0
∆ f =0.01783991813
HALLANDO df
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
( x ),
f ( x )=ln ( x ) → f , ( x )=
x
REEMPLAZANDO :
df ( x )=( lnx ), dx
x, ( )
df ( x )= [d x ]
x
1
df ( x )= [d (x )]
x
1
df ( x 0 )= d ( x0 )]
x0 [
1
df ( x 0 )= 0.018
1
df ( x 0 )=0.018
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 +h ) EN :
f ( x )=e x
f ( x 0 +h )=e (x +h) 0
f ( x 0 +h )=e ¿¿
f ( x 0 +h )=0.9856046187
REEMPLAZANDO f ( x 0 ) EN :
f ( x )=e x
f ( x 0 ) =e 0
f ( x 0 ) =1
∆ f =f ( x 0+ h )−f (x 0 )
∆ f =0.9856046187−1
∆ f =−0.01439538127
HALLANDO d f
df ( x )=f , ( x) dx
f ( x )=e x → f , ( x )=e x
REEMPLAZANDO :
,
df ( x )=( e x ) dx
df ( x )=e x [ d ( x ) ]
df ( x 0 )=e x [ d ( x 0 ) ]
df ( x 0 )=e 0 (−0.0145)
df ( x 0 )=−0.0145
EJERICOS DE PALICACIONES DE MAXIMOS Y MINIMOS Pá gina 46
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA
Facultad De Ciencias De LA Ingeniería
Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Civil – Huancavelica
23 ¿ f ( x )=xlnx
Si: f , ( x )=0
→ la funcion no ∄
DOMINIO : D={x ∈ R / x ≠ 0}
f ( x )=xlnx
, ( x ),
f ( x )=ln ( x ) → f ( x )=
x
REEMPLAZANDO :
x,
f , ( x )=lnx+ ( x ) ( ) x
f , ( x )=lnx + 1
0=lnx+ 1
lnx=−1
x =e−1
PC={ 0 ; e−1 }
¿ 0 ⟨ 0 ; e−1 ⟩ ¿
→¿
→¿
f , ( x )=es indeterminado
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x ∈¿
DECRECE → x ∈ ⟨ 0 ; e−1 ⟩
f , ( x )=lnx + 1
f ,, ( x )= ( lnx ), + ( 1 ),
,
,, x
f ( x )=
x
1
f ,, ( x )=
x
1
REEMPLAZANDO PC ={ 0 ; e−1 } EN f , , ( x )= ; si se sabe que e−1 =0,3679:
x
∃ Maximo si f , , ( x )< 0
∃ Minimo si f ,, ( x ) >0
1
→ f , , ( 0 ) = → es indeterminado ; → f ,, ( 0 ) no∄ maximo
0
1
→ f , , ( x )= −1
=2.7183 ; → f , , ( 0 ) >0 … ..∃ minimo
e
4.−GRAFICANDO :
24 ¿ f ( x )=arcsen( x +1)
Si: f , ( x )=0
f ( x )=arcsen( x+ 1)
, u,
f ( x )=arcsen ( u ) → f ( x ) =
√ 1−u 2
REEMPLAZANDO :
( x +1 ),
f , ( x )= 2
√1−( x+1 )
1
f , ( x )= 2
√1−( x +2 x +1 )
1
f , ( x )= 2
√1−x −2 x−1
1
f , ( x )=
√−x 2−2 x
1
f , ( x )= 2
√−( x +2 x )
1
0= 2
√−( x +2 x )
2
√− ( x +2 x ) =0
x2 +2 x
2
√−( x + 2 x ) =0
−( x 2 +2 x ) =0
x 2+ 2 x=0
x ( x +2 )=0
x=0
x=−2
PC={−2; 0 }
¿ [ −2: 0 ] 0 ¿
1
REEMPLAZANDO PC ={−2 ; 0 } EN f , ( x )= :
√−x 2−2 x
→¿
→¿
→¿
f , ( x )=es indeterminado
1
→ [ −2 : 0 ] : x=−1 → f , ( x )=
√−x 2−2 x
1
→ [ −2 : 0 ] : x=−1 → f , ( x )= 2
√−(−1 ) −2(−1)
→ [ −2 : 0 ] : x=−1 → f , ( x )=1
→¿
→¿
→¿
f , ( x ) → es ind eterminado
CRECE → x ∈ [ −2: 0 ]
DECRECE → x no decrece
4.−GRAFICANDO :
ex
25 ¿ f ( x )=
x
Si: f , ( x )=0
la funcion no ∄
DOMINIO : D={x ∈ R / x ≠ 0}
ex
f ( x )=
x
, ,
( e x ) ( x ) −( e x ) ( x )
f , ( x )=
x2
, ( e x ) ( x ) −( e x )
f ( x )=
x2
( e x ) ( x −1 )
f , ( x )=
x2
f , ( x )=0
( e x ) ( x−1 )
=0
x2
x−1=0
x=1
PC ={ 0 ; 1 }
¿ 0 ⟨ 0 ;1 ⟩ ¿
( e x ) ( x−1 )
REEMPLAZANDO PC ={ 0 ; 1 } EN f , ( x )= ; si se sabe que e=2.7183:
x2
→¿
→¿
→¿
, ( e x ) ( x−1 )
→ ⟨ 0 ; 1 ⟩ : x=0.5 → f ( x ) =
x2
[ e (0.5 ) ] ( 0.5−1 )
→ ⟨ 0 ; 1 ⟩ : x=0.5 → f , ( x ) =
(0.5)2
→ ⟨ 0 ; 1 ⟩ : x=0.5 → f , ( x ) =−3.2974
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x ∈¿
DECRECE → x ∈¿
( e x ) ( x −1 )
f , ( x )=
x2
, ,
,, ( x 2 ) [ ( e x ) ( x−1 ) ] −( x 2 ) [ ( e x ) ( x−1 ) ]
f ( x )= 2
( x 2)
,
,, 2 x [ ( e x ) ( x−1 ) ] −( x 2) [ ( e x ) ( x−1 ) + ( e x ) ( x−1 ), ]
f ( x )= 4
x
,, 2 [ ( e x ) ( x −1 ) ]−( x ) [ ( e x ) x ]
f ( x )=
x3
( e x ) [ 2 x −x2−2 ]
f ,, ( x )=
x3
( e x ) [ 2 x−x 2−2 ]
REEMPLAZANDO PC ={ 0 ; 1 } EN f , , ( x ) = ; si se sabe que e=2.7183 :
x3
∃ Maximo si f , , ( x )< 0
∃ Minimo si f ,, ( x ) >0
( e 0 ) [ 2(0)−(0)2−2 ]
→ f , , ( 0) = 3
→ es indeterminado ; → f ,, ( 0 ) no ∄ minimo
(0)
,, ( e 1) [ 2(1)−(1)2−2 ]
→ f ( 1 )= 3
=−2.7183 ; → f ,, ( 0 ) < 0 ….. ∃maximo
(1)
MAXIMO RELATIVO: x =1
4.−GRAFICANDO :
26 ¿ f ( x )=x ln 2 x
Si: f , ( x )=0
la funcion no ∄
f ( x )=x ln 2 x
,
f , ( x )=( x ), ( ln 2 x ) + ( x ) ( ln 2 x )
( x ),
f ( x )=ln ( x ) → f , ( x )=
x
REEMPLAZANDO :
, 2 ,
f ( x )=ln x + ( x ) 2 ( lnx ) ( lnx )
,
, 2 x
f ( x ) =ln x + ( x ) 2 ( lnx )
x
f , ( x )=ln 2 x +2 ( lnx )
f , ( x )=lnx ( lnx +2 )
f , ( x )=0
lnx=0
x=1
lnx+2=0
lnx =−2
x=e−2
PC ={ 0 ; e−2 ; 1 }
¿ 0 ⟨ 0 ;1 ⟩ ¿
→¿
→¿
f , ( x ) → es indeterminado
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x ∈ ⟨ e−2 ; 1 ⟩
DECRECE → x ∈¿
EJERICOS DE PALICACIONES DE MAXIMOS Y MINIMOS Pá gina 59
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA
Facultad De Ciencias De LA Ingeniería
Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Civil – Huancavelica
f , ( x )=lnx ( lnx +2 )
,, , ,
f ( x )= ( lnx ) ( lnx+2 ) + ( lnx )( lnx+2 )
x, ( x,
f ,, ( x )= ( )
x
lnx+ 2 )+ ( lnx )
x ( )
f ,, ( x )= ( 1x ) ( lnx +2) +( lnx ) ( 1x )
2lnx+ 2
f ,, ( x )=
x
2lnx+ 2
REEMPLAZANDO PC ={ 0 ; e−2 ; 1 } EN f ,, ( x )= ; si se sabe que e=2.7183 :
x
∃ Maximo si f , , ( x )< 0
∃ Minimo si f ,, ( x ) >0
2 ln (0)+2
→ f , , ( 0 ) =f , , ( x )= → es indeterminado ; → f ,, ( 0 ) no∄ minimo
(0)
2 ln (e−2)+2
→ f , , ( e−2 )=f , , ( x )= −2
=−14.79 ; → f , , ( 0 ) <0 … .. ∃maximo
e
2 ln (1)+2
→ f , , ( 1 )=f ,, ( x )= =2; → f ,, ( 0 )> 0 ….. ∃minimo
1
4.−GRAFICANDO :
27 ¿ f ( x )=xe x
Si: f , ( x )=0
f ( x )=xe x
, ,
f , ( x ) =( e x ) ( x ) + ( e x ) ( x )
f , ( x )=e x + ( e x ) ( x )
f , ( x )=e x ( 1+ x )
e x ( 1+ x ) =0
x=−1
PC =¿
¿ ¿
REEMPLAZANDO PC =¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x ∈ [ −2: 0 ]
DECRECE → x no decrece
f , ( x )=e x ( 1+ x )
,
f ,, ( x )=( e x ) ( 1+ x )+ ( e x ) ( 1+ x ),
f ,, ( x )=( e x ) (1+ x ) + ( e x )
f ,, ( x )=2 e x + x e x
REEMPLAZANDO PC =¿
∃ Maximo si f , , ( x )< 0
∃ Minimo si f ,, ( x ) >0
4.−GRAFICANDO :
28 ¿ f ( x )=x 2 e−x
Si: f , ( x )=0
f ( x )=x 2 e−x
REGLA DE DERIVACION :
f ( x ) ¿ e x → f , ( x ) =e x
( f . g ), ( x )=g ( x ) f , ( x ) + g, ( x ) f ( x )
f , g ( x ) f , ( x )−g, ( x ) f ( x )
()g
( x )=
g2
REEMPLAZANDO :
, ,
f , ( x )=( x 2 ) ( e− x )+ ( x 2) ( e−x )
,
1
f , ( x )=2 x ( e− x ) + ( x 2) ( )
ex
−e x
f , ( x )=2 x ( e− x ) + ( x 2) ( )
e2 x
f , ( x )=2 x ( e− x ) −( x 2 ) ( e−x )
f , ( x )=( e− x )( 2 x−x 2 )
f , ( x )=( e− x ) ( x ) (2−x )
( e− x ) ( x ) (2−x )=0
x=0
x=2
PC= { 0 ; 2 }
¿ ⟨ 0 ; 2⟩ 2 ¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→ ⟨ 0 ; 2 ⟩ : x=1 → f , ( x )=0.3679
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x ∈ [ −2: 0 ]
DECRECE → x no decrece
MAXIMO RELATIVO:2
MINIMO RELATIVO : 0
EJERICOS DE PALICACIONES DE MAXIMOS Y MINIMOS Pá gina 65
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE HUANCAVELICA
Facultad De Ciencias De LA Ingeniería
Escuela Académico Profesional de Ingeniería Civil – Huancavelica
4.−GRAFICANDO :
29 ¿ f ( x )=x−arctagx
Si: f , ( x )=0
f ( x )=x−arctagx
, , ,
f ( x )=( x ) − ( arctagx )
, u,
f ( x )=arct an ( u ) → f ( x )=
1+u 2
REEMPLAZANDO :
, x,
f ( x )=1−
1+ x 2
1
f , ( x )=1−
1+ x 2
2
, 1+ x −1
f ( x )=
1+ x 2
, x2
f ( x )=
1+ x 2
x2
=0
1+ x2
x=0
PC = { 0 }
2.−CALCULAMOS LOS INTERVALOS CRECIENTES Y DECRECIENTES :
¿ ¿
, x2
REEMPLAZANDO PC = { 0 ; 2 } EN f ( x )= :
1+ x 2
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x no crece
DECRECE → x no decrece
, x2
f ( x )=
1+ x 2
4.−GRAFICANDO :
30 ¿ f ( x )=arccosx
f , ( x )=( arccosx ),
, −u,
f ( x )=arccos ( u ) → f ( x )=
√ 1−u2
REEMPLAZANDO :
, −x ,
f ( x )=
√1−x2
−1
f , ( x )=
√1−x2
−1 ( √ 1−x 2 )
0=
( √1−x 2)( √1−x2 )
√1−x2 =0
1−x 2
√ 1−x 2=0
1−x 2=0
± 1=x
PC = {−1; 1 }
¿ ⟨ −1; 1 ⟩ 1 ¿
−1
REEMPLAZANDO PC = {−1 ; 1 } EN f , ( x )= :
√1−x 2
→¿
→¿
→¿
f , ( x ) → es indeterminado
−1
→ ⟨ −1 : 1 ⟩ : x=0→ f , ( x )=
√1−x 2
−1
→ ⟨ −1 : 1 ⟩ : x=0→ f , ( x )=
√1−(0)2
→ ⟨ −1 : 1 ⟩ : x=0→ f , ( x )=−1
→¿
→¿
f , ( x ) → es indeterminado
CRECE → x no crece
D ECRECE → x ∈ ⟨ −1 :1 ⟩
4.−GRAFICANDO :
31 ¿ f ( x )=sen 4 x+ cos 4 x
Si: f , ( x )=0
, ,
f , ( x )=( sen4 x ) + ( cos 4 x )
f ( x )=cos ( u ) → f , ( x )=−sen(u)
REEMPLAZANDO :
, ,
f , ( x )=4 ( sen 3 x ) ( senx ) +4 ( cos3 x ) ( cosx )
senx=0 → x=π ; 2 π
π 2π
cosx=0 → x= ;
2 3
sen2 x =cos2 x
sen 2 x
=0
cos 2 x
PC = { π2 ; π ; 23π ; 2 π }
2.−CALCULAMOS LOS INTERVALOS CRECIENTES Y DECRECIENTES :
π 2π 2π 2π
¿
2
π
⟨ ⟩
2
;π ⟨ π;
3 ⟩ ⟨ 3
;2π ⟩
REEMPLAZANDO PC = {π2 ; π ; 23π ; 2 π }EN f ( x )=4 ( senx )( cosx ) ( sen x−cos x ) :
, 2 2
π
⟨ ⟩
→ ; π : x=120 → f , x =4 ( senx )( cosx ) ( sen2 x−cos 2 x )
( )
2
π
→ ⟨ ⟩
2
; π : x=120 → f , x =4 sen 120 ) ( cos 120 ) ( sen 2 120−cos2 120 )
( ) (
π
⟨ ⟩ →
2
; π : x=120 → f , ( x )=4
√3 −1
2 2 ( )( )( 12 )
π − 3
⟨ ⟩ → ; π : x=−2→ f , ( x )= √
2 2
π
⟨ ⟩ →
2
; π : x=−2→ f , ( x )=−¿−0.8660
2π
→ π; ⟨ 3 ⟩
: x=240 → f , ( x )=4 ( senx )( cosx ) ( sen2 x −cos2 x )
2π
→ π;⟨ 3 ⟩
: x=240 → f , ( x )=4 ( sen 240 )( cos 240 ) ( sen2 240−cos2 240 )
2π
→ π; ⟨ 3 ⟩
: x=240 → f , ( x )=4
2( )( )( 12 )
−√ 3 −1
2
2π 3
→ π; ⟨ : x=240 → f , ( x )= √
⟩
3 2
2π
→ π; ⟨ 3 ⟩
: x=240 → f , ( x )=0.8660
2π
→ ⟨ 3 ⟩
; 2 π : x =300→ f , ( x )=4 ( senx ) ( cosx ) ( sen 2 x−cos 2 x )
2π
→ ⟨ 3 ⟩
; 2 π : x =300→ f , ( x )=4 ( sen 300 ) ( cos 300 ) ( sen2 300−cos 2 300 )
2π
→ ⟨ 3 ⟩
; 2 π : x =300→ f , ( x )=4
−√ 3
2 ( )( 12 )( 12 )
2π − 3
→ ⟨ ; 2 π : x =300→ f , ( x )= √
⟩
3 2
2π
→ ⟨ 3 ⟩
; 2 π : x =300→ f , ( x )=−0.8660
2π
CRECE → x ∈ π ; ⟨ ⟩ 3
π 2π
DECRECE → x ∈ ⟨ ⟩ ⟨2
;π ∪
3
;2 π ⟩
3.−CALCULAMOS LOS MAXIMO Y MINIMOS :
MAXIMO RELATIVO :
MINIMO RELATIVO :
4.−GRAFICANDO :
32 ¿ f ( x )=arctagx−x
Si: f , ( x )=0
f , ( x )=( arctagx ), −( x ),
, u,
f ( x )=arct an ( u ) → f ( x )=
1+u 2
REEMPLAZANDO :
, x,
f x=
( ) −1
1+ x 2
1
f , ( x )= −1
1+ x 2
2
, 1−1−x
f ( x )=
1+ x 2
2
, −x
f ( x )=
1+ x 2
−x 2
0=
1+ x 2
x2
=0
1+ x2
x=0
PC = { 0 }
¿ ¿
, −x2
REEMPLAZANDO PC = { 0 ; 2 } EN f ( x )= :
1+ x 2
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
→¿
CRECE → x no crece
DECRECE → x ∈¿
4.−G RAFICANDO :