Sebastian Chávez

MathemaTICsBot

Derivada

Reglas de derivación

La derivada de una constante

f ( x )=c , c ∈ R

f ̛ ( x )=0

Ejemplo:
f ( x )=−7

f ̛ ( x )=0

La derivada de una potencia

f ( x )=x n

f ̛ ( x )=n x n−1

Ejemplos:
f ( x )=x 4

f ̛ ( x )=4 x 4−1=4 x 3

2
f ( x )=x 3
2 −1
2 −1 2
f ̛ ( x )= x 3 = x 3
3 3

1
2
f ( x )= √ x=x
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot
−1
1
f ̛ ( x )= x 2
2

La derivada de una constante por una función

f ( x )=c g( x )

f ̛ ( x )=c g̛ ( x )

Ejemplo:
f ( x )=−8 x 3

f ̛ ( x )=−24 x 2

La derivada de la suma o diferencia de funciones

f ( x )=g ( x ) ± h( x)

f ̛ ( x )=g ̛ ( x ) ± h̛ ( x )

Ejemplos:
f ( x )=3 x 2−8 x +4

f ̛ ( x )=(3 x 2)̛ −(8 x)̛ +(4)̛

f ̛ ( x )=6 x −8

1
f ( x )=x 2 +6 x−5
1
f ( x )=(x ) −(6 x)̛ +(5)̛
̛ 2 ̛

−1
1
f ̛ ( x )= x 2 −6
2
 Sebastian Chávez
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La derivada del producto de funciones

f ( x )=g ( x) ∙h ( x)

f ̛ ( x )=g ̛ ( x ) ∙ h ( x ) +h ̛ ( x ) ∙ g ( x )

Ejemplo:
f ( x )=(2 x−3)∙(x 4 −9)

f ̛ ( x )=(2 x−3)̛ ∙ ( x 4−9 ) +(x 4 −9) ̛ ∙ ( 2 x −3 )

f ̛ ( x )=(2)∙ ( x 4−9 ) +(4 x 3) ∙ ( 2 x−3 )

f ̛ ( x )=2 x 4 −18+8 x 4−12 x 3

f ̛ ( x )=10 x 4 −12 x 3−18

Ejercicios

̍
1) f ( x )=−3 x f ( x )=−3

6 ̍
2) f ( x )=−4 x f ( x )=−24 x5

−5 ̍
3) f ( x )=3 x f ( x )=−15 x −6

2
4) f ( x )=(−2 x+1)(−3 x −2 x+5)
 Sebastian Chávez
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f ( x )=g ( x) ∙h ( x)

f ̛ ( x )=g ̛ ( x ) ∙ h ( x ) +h ̛ ( x ) ∙ g ( x )

f ̛ ( x )= (−2 ) (−3 x 2−2 x+ 5 ) +(−6 x−2)(−2 x +1)

f ̛ ( x )=6 x 2 +4 x−10+(12 x 2−6 x +4 x−2)

f ̛ ( x )=6 x 2 +4 x−10+12 x 2−6 x + 4 x−2

f ̛ ( x )=18 x 2 +2 x−12

4 3
5) f ( x )=(5 x+7)(5 x −2 x −8)

f ( x )=g ( x) ∙h ( x)

f ̛ ( x )=g ̛ ( x ) ∙ h ( x ) +h ̛ ( x ) ∙ g ( x )

f ̛ ( x )= (5 ) ( 5 x 4 −2 x 3−8 ) +(20 x 3−6 x 2 )(5 x +7)

f ̛ ( x )=25 x 4 −10 x3 −40+100 x 4−30 x 3−42 x 2 +140 x3

f ̛ ( x )=125 x 4 +100 x 3−42 x 2−40

2 3
6) f ( x )=(−2 x+ 6)(−3 x −7 x +2 x)

7) f ( x )=−12 x −3
−5 x−8 +6 x−9

8) f ( x )=−x +5 x +2 x5 −8
−3

a
9) f ( x )=x √ −x −72
 Sebastian Chávez
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f ( x )=ln g ( x)

g´ ( x)
f ´ ( x )=
g ( x)

f ( x )=x 2 ln x

f ( x )=g ( x) ∙h ( x)

f ̛ ( x )=g ̛ ( x ) ∙ h ( x ) +h ̛ ( x ) ∙ g ( x )

f ´ ( x )=( 2 x ) ln x + x 2 ( 1x )
f ´ ( x )=2 x ln x + x

f ( x )=arc tan g( x )

´ g ´ ( x)
f ( x )= 2
1+ [ g (x) ]

f ( x )=x arc tan √ x

1
2√x
f ´ ( x )=( 1 ) arc tan √ x + x 2
1+( √ x)

1
2 √x
f ´ ( x )=arc tan √ x + x
1+ x

1
f ´ ( x )=arc tan √ x + x
2 √ x(1+ x )
 Sebastian Chávez
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La derivada del cociente de funciones

g( x )
f ( x )=
h( x)

g̛ ( x ) ∙ h ( x ) −h ̛ ( x ) ∙ g ( x )
f ̛ ( x )= 2
[ h(x) ]

Ejemplo:

x 2−3 x
f ( x )=
5 x +4

( x 2−3 x )̛ ∙ ( 5 x+ 4 ) −(5 x +4)̛ ∙( x 2−3 x)

f ̛ ( x )= 2
[ 5 x+ 4 ]

̛ ( 2 x−3)∙ ( 5 x +4 )−(5)∙( x 2−3 x)

f ( x )=
[ 5 x+ 4 ]2
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot
( 10 x 2−7 x−12)−(5 x2−15 x )
f ̛ ( x )=
[ 5 x+ 4 ]2
10 x 2−7 x−12−5 x 2+ 15 x
f ̛ ( x )= 2
[ 5 x+ 4 ]
5 x 2+ 8 x−12
f ̛ ( x )= 2
[ 5 x +4 ]

2 x 3−5 x
1 ¿ f ( x )=
x−8

3 2
̛ 4 x −48 x + 40
f x=
( ) 2
[ x−8 ]

−x3 +3 x 2−7 x +1
2 ¿ f ( x )=
−3 x 2 + x

̛ (−3 x 2+ 6 x−7 ) (−3 x 2+ x ) −(−6 x+1)(−x 3 +3 x2−7 x +1)

f ( x )= 2
[−3 x 2 + x ]

̛ 9 x 4 −3 x 3−18 x 3 +6 x 2+ 21 x 2−7 x−(6 x 4−18 x 3+ 42 x2 −6 x−x 3 +3 x2 −7 x+1)

f ( x )= 2
[−3 x 2+ x ]

̛ 3 x 4−2 x 3−18 x 2+ 6 x −1
f ( x )= 2
[−3 x 2 + x ]
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

Tabla de derivadas de funciones trigonométricas

Regla de la cadena
f ( x )=g ( x)n

f ̛ ( x )=n g ( x)n−1 x ̛

1 ¿ f ( x )=(3 x 2−7 x )3

f ̛ ( x )=3 (3 x2 −7 x )3−1 ×(3 x 2−7 x)̕

f ̛ ( x )=3 (3 x2 −7 x )2 ×(6 x−7)

f ̛ ( x )=3 (6 x−7)(3 x 2−7 x)2

 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

2 ¿ f ( x )=sin(5 x 3−9 x +1)

f ̛ ( x )=cos(5 x 3−9 x +1) ×(5 x3 −9 x+1)̛

f ̛ ( x )=cos(5 x 3−9 x +1) ×(15 x2−9)

5
3 ¿ f ( x )=[ (3 x−5)( x2−8) ]
4 ̕
f ̛ ( x )=5 [ (3 x−5)( x2 −8) ] [(3 x−5)(x 2−8) ]
4
f ̛ ( x )=5 [ (3 x−5)( x2 −8)] [ ( 3 x −5 )̛ ( x2−8 ) +( 3 x−5)(x 2−8)̛ ]
4
f ̛ ( x )=5 [ (3 x−5)( x2 −8) ] [(3) ( x 2−8 ) +(3 x−5)(2 x ) ]
4
f ̛ ( x )=5 [ (3 x−5)( x2 −8) ] [ 3 x 2−24 +6 x 2−10 x ]
4
f ̛ ( x )=5 [ (3 x−5)( x2 −8) ] [ 9 x2−10 x−24 ]

3
4 ¿ f ( x )=[( x−1)(−3 x 2 +2) ]

a ¿ f ( x )=ln (−7 x 3 +3 x2−8 x +1)

´ −21 x 2+6 x−8

f ( x )=
−7 x 3+ 3 x 2−8 x +1
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

3
b ¿ f ( x )=sin(ln [−5 x 2+7 x ] )

f ( x )=sin g( x)

f ´ ( x )=cos g ( x ) ∙ g´ ( x )

3 3 ´
f ´ ( x )=cos (ln [−5 x 2+ 7 x ] )∙( ln [− 5 x 2 +7 x ] )
3 ´
´ 2 3 ( [ −5 x 2+7 x ] )
f ( x )=cos (ln [ −5 x + 7 x ] )∙ 3
[−5 x 2+7 x ]
2
´ 2 3 3 [−5 x 2 +7 x ] ∙(−5 x 2+7 x )´
f ( x )=cos (ln [−5 x + 7 x ] )∙ 3
[−5 x 2+7 x ]
2
´ 2 3 3 [ −5 x 2 +7 x ] ∙(−10 x+7)
f ( x )=cos (ln [−5 x + 7 x ] )∙ 3
[− 5 x 2 +7 x ]
3 3 ∙(−10 x +7)
f ´ ( x )=cos (ln [−5 x 2+ 7 x ] )∙
[−5 x 2+ 7 x ]

5
1
(
c ¿ f ( x )= cos ( ))
x
4 ´
1 1
(
f ´ ( x )=5 cos ( )) ( ( ))
x
∙ cos
x
4 ´
1 1 1
´
(
f ( x )=5 cos ( ))
x [ ∙ −sin ( )( )]
∙
x x
4
1 1 1´ ∙ x −1∙ x ´
(
f ´ ( x )=5 cos ( )) [
x
∙ −sin () x
∙
x2 ]
4
1
(
f ´ ( x )=5 cos ( )) [
x
∙ −sin ( 1x )∙ −1x ] 2

4
1
(
f ´ ( x )=5 cos ( )) [
x
∙ sin ( 1x )∙ x1 ] 2
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

6
d ¿ f ( x )=arc sin
( x −1 2 )
f ( x )=arc sin g ( x )

g´ ( x )
f ´ ( x )= 2
√ 1−[ g( x) ]

´
6

f ´ ( x )=
( 2
x −1 )
2

√ 1− 2
6
[ ]
x −1

6 ´ ( x 2−1 ) −6(x 2−1)´

2
´ ( x2 −1 )
f ( x )=
2

√ 1− 2
6
x −1[ ]
−6(2 x)
2
´ ( x 2−1 )
f ( x )=
2

√ 1−
[ ]2
6
x −1

−12 x
2
´ ( x 2−1 )
f ( x )=
2

√ 1− 2
6
[ ]
x −1

−12 x
2
´ ( x2 −1 )
f ( x )=
(x2 −1)2−36
√ ( x2−1)2
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot
−12 x
2
( x 2−1 )
f ´ ( x )=
x 4 −2 x 2 +1−36
√ (x 2−1)2
−12 x
2
´ ( x2−1 )
f ( x )=
√ x 4 −2 x 2−35
( x 2−1)
−12 x
f ´ ( x )=
( x −1) √ x 4 −2 x 2−35
2

n
[ g( x )] =gn ( x ) correcto
n
[ g( x ) ] =g( x)n incorrecto
g( x )n=gn ( x ) incorrecto

QUIZ 1
2
ln x
f ( x )=( √ 1+3 x )
 Sebastian Chávez
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2
1 ln x
[
f ( x )= ( 1+3 ) x 2
]
2
ln x
x 2
f ( x )=( 1+ 3 )
ln x
f ( x )=( 1+ 3x )

ln x ´
f ´ ( x )=( 1+3 x ) ∙ ln ( 1+ 3x ) ∙ ( ln x )´ +ln x ∙(1+3 x )ln x−1 ∙ ( 1+3 x )
ln x 1 ln x−1
f ´ ( x )=( 1+3 x ) ∙ ln ( 1+ 3x ) ∙ + ln x ∙ ( 1+3 x ) ∙(3 x ∙ ln 3∙ x ´ )
x
ln x 1 ln x−1
f ´ ( x )=( 1+3 x ) ∙ ln ( 1+ 3x ) ∙ + ln x ∙ ( 1+3 x ) ∙(3 x ∙ ln 3)
x

OPTIMIZACIÓN
a) Determine las dimensiones de una caja cerrada de volumen V con base
cuadrada, para cuya fabricación se consuma la cantidad mínima de
material.
 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

A=2 x 2 +4 xh
V
V =x 2 h h=
x2

4xV
A ( x )=2 x2 +
x2
4V
A ( x )=2 x2 +
x

( 4 V )´ x−(x)´ 4 V
A´ ( x )=4 x +
x2
(0) x−(1)4 V
A´ ( x )=4 x +
x2
4V
A´ ( x )=4 x −
x2

A´ ( x )=0
4V
0=4 x −
x2

4 x 3−4 V
0=
x2

0=4 x 3−4 V
4V
x 3=
4

x 3=V

x=√3 V

V V
h= 2
=3 2
x √V

h=√3 V

Para consumir lo mínimo de material la caja debe ser un cubo de arista √3 V

 Sebastian Chávez
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b) Hallar el radio de la base del cilindro de mayor volumen inscrito en una esfera
de radio R.

V =π r 2 h

h 2 2
R 2= ()
2
+r

2 h2 2
R= +r
4

4 R2=h2 + 4 r 2

h=2 √ R2 −r 2

2
V =2 π r √ R2−r 2 , 0<r < R

x=r 2

V =2 πx √ R2−x , 0<r < R2

V 2=4 π 2 x 2 (R2−x )

V2 2 2
2
=x ( R −x )=f (x)
4π

V ( x )> 0

x 2 ( R 2−x )=f ( x)

f ( x )=x 2 R 2−x 3

f ´ ( x )=2 x R2 −3 x 2

f ´ ( x )=0

2 x R2−3 x 2=0

x ( 2 R2 −3 x ) =0

2 R2
x 1=0 x 2= es un máximo por signo+¿
3
 Sebastian Chávez
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x=r 2

2 R2 2
=r
3

2 R2
r=
√ 3

2
r=
√ 3
R

c) Entre todos los rectángulos que tiene el área S hallar aquel que:
 Tenga el menor perímetro

d x

S
S= x ∙ y → y=
x
P=2 x +2 y

2S
P ( x ) =2 x +
x
0 ( x )−2 S (1)
P´ ( x )=2+ 2
x
 Sebastian Chávez
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2S
P´ ( x )=2−
x2

P´ ( x )=0 condición que debe cumplir

2S
0=2−
x2

2 x 2−2 S
0=
x2

2 x2 −2 S=0

2 x2 =2 S
2S
x 2=
2

x 2=S
x=√ S

S √S
y= ×
√S √S
y= √ S

 Tenga la menor diagonal

 Sebastian Chávez
MathemaTICsBot

d= √ x 2 + y 2
2
S
√
d ( x )= x +
x
2
()
S2
√
d ( x )= x2 +
x2

f ( x )= √ g ( x )

g´ (x )
f ´ ( x )=
2 √g ( x)

( 0 ) x 2−S2 (2 x)
2 x+
x4
d´ ( x) =
S2
√
2 x2 +
x2

d ´ ( x ) =0

2 S2 x
2 x−
x4
0=
S2
√
2 x2 +
x
2

2 S2 x
2 x− =0
x4

2 x5 −2 S 2 x=0

2 x ( x 4 −S 2 )=0

x 4 −S 2=0
x=√ S
 Sebastian Chávez
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d) Hallar la mayor área del rectángulo inscrito en un círculo de radio R

e) Hallar el área lateral mínima de un cono de volumen V

1 3V
V = π r 2 h h= 2
3 πr

A=π r g

g= √ h2+ r 2

A=π r √ h2 +r 2

3V 2 2
A=π r
√( πr )
2
+r

9V 2 2
√
A=π r 2 4 +r
π r

9V 2 + π 2 r 6
A=π r
√
π 2 r4
 Sebastian Chávez
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A=πr √ 9V 2+ π 2 r 6
√ π 2 r4
9V 2+ π 2 r 6
A=πr √
π r2

9 V 2 + π 2 r6
A(r)= √
r

6 π 2 r5
2 2 6
×r −√ 9V 2+ π 2 r 6 ×(1)
2 √9 V + π r
A´ =
r2

6 π 2 r6
2 2 6
− √ 9V 2 + π 2 r 6
2 √9 V + π r
A´ =
r2

6 π 2 r 6 −2(9 V 2 +π 2 r 6 )
2 √ 9 V 2+ π 2 r 6
A´ =
r2

6 π 2 r 6 −18V 2−2 π 2 r 6
2 √ 9V 2 + π 2 r 6
A´ =
r2

4 π 2 r 6−18 V 2
´ 2 √ 9 V 2 +π 2 r 6
A=
r2

´ 4 π 2 r 6 −18 V 2
A=
2 r 2 √9 V 2 + π 2 r 6

´ 2(2 π 2 r 6−9 V 2 )
A=
2 r 2 √9 V 2 + π 2 r 6

´ 2 π 2 r 6−9V 2
A=
r 2 √ 9V 2+ π 2 r 6

A´ =0

2 π 2 r 6 −9 V 2
=0
r2 √ 9 V 2 + π 2 r6

2 π 2 r 6 −9 V 2=0

2 π 2 r 6 =9 V 2

6 9V2
r =
2 π2
 Sebastian Chávez
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9V2
r=
√
6

2 π2

f) Calcular el volumen máximo de un cilindro, cuya área total es igual a A

A=2 π r 2 +2 πrh

A−2 π r 2
h=
2 πr

V =π r 2 h

A−2 π r 2
2
V =π r
2 πr

rA−2 π r 3
V=
2
1
V (r )= (rA−2 π r 3 )
2
1
V ´ ( r )= ( A−6 π r 2)
2

V ´ ( r )=0
1
( A−6 π r 2 ) =0
2

A−6 π r 2 =0

A
r=
√ 6π