DISEÑO DE ZAPATA COMBINADA

1. Datos:

Materiales: f'c ≔ 21 MPa fy ≔ 420 MPa r ≔ 7.5 cm Se prevee capa de Ho Po

Suelos: Profundidad de Fundacion: Df ≔ 2 m

kN
qadm ≔ 250 ――
m2 tonnef tonnef
γsuelo ≔ 1.6 ――― γc ≔ 2.4 ―――
m3 m3
Columna1: a1 ≔ 35 cm y b1 ≔ 35 cm Columna2: a2 ≔ 45 cm y b2 ≔ 45 cm

PD1 ≔ 600 kN PL1 ≔ 300 kN PD2 ≔ 900 kN PL2 ≔ 500 kN

PD1 = 600 kN PL1 = 300 kN PD2 = 900 kN PL2 = 500 kN

LCE ≔ 6 m Separacion de Columnas de eje a eje

Armadura de las columnas con barra de 16 mm dbc ≔ 20 mm

2. DIMENSIONAMIENTO EN PLANTA:

ESQUEMA
DISEÑO

Asumiendo distribucion
Uniforme de presiones
Pserv1 ≔ PD1 + PL1 = 900 kN Pserv2 ≔ PD2 + PL2 = 1400 kN

q neto terreno
kN
qneto ≔ qadm - γsuelo ⋅ Df = 218.619 ――
m2

R ≔ Pserv1 + Pserv2 = 2300 kN

R1 R
Az ≥ ―― Az ≔ ―― = 10.521 m 2
qneto qneto
 R1 R
Az ≥ ―― Az ≔ ―― = 10.521 m 2
qneto qneto

Sumatorai de momentos respecato al ejee de la columna 1 para encontrar L

*R actua a L/2

ΣM1 ＝ 0 ⎛ L a1 ⎞
Pserv2 ⋅ LCE ＝ R1 ⋅ ⎜―- ―⎟
⎝2 2⎠

⎛ Pserv2 ⋅ LCE a1 ⎞
L ≔ ⎜―――― + ―⎟ ⋅ 2 = 7.654 m
⎝ R 2⎠ L ≔ 7.7 m
Az
Az ＝ B ⋅ L B ≔ ― = 1.366 m
L B ≔ 2.2 m

2. Dimensionamiento en elevación

Predimensionamiento canto de Zapatas con Longitud de Desarrollo a COMPRESION

ψr ≔ 1 λ≔1 dbc ≔ 20 mm

0.24 fy ⋅ ψr
ldc_1 ≔ ――――― ⋅ dbc = 439.927 mm
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
λ ⋅ f'c ⋅ MPa

1
ldc_2 ≔ 0.0435 ⋅ ――⋅ fy ⋅ ψr ⋅ dbc = 365.4 mm
MPa
ldc_3 ≔ 200 mm

ldc ≔ max ⎛⎝ldc_1 , ldc_2 , ldc_3⎞⎠ = 439.927 mm

diametro long negativa de la db ≔ 20 mm

zap1

altura minima h db
hmin ≔ ldc + ―+ r = 0.525 m
2 h ≔ 90 cm
db
d ≔ h - r - ―= 0.815 m
2
Pu1 ≔ 1.2 PD1 + 1.6 PL1 = 1200 kN Pu2 ≔ 1.2 PD2 + 1.6 PL2 = 1880 kN

Ru ≔ Pu1 + Pu2 = 3080 kN

 Ru ≔ Pu1 + Pu2 = 3080 kN
Ru kN
qu ≔ ――= 181.818 ――
B⋅L m2
3. DIMENSIONAMIENTO LONGITUDINAL:
kN
Qu ≔ qu ⋅ B = 400 ――
m

3.1. Verificación por Corte por Punzonamiento:

col1

⎛ d⎞ 2
Acri ≔ ⎜a1 + ― ⎟ ⎛⎝b1 + d⎞⎠ = 0.882 m Vu ≔ Pu1 - Acri ⋅ qu = 1039.548 kN
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ d⎞
bo ≔ ⎜a1 + ― ⎟ 2 + ⎛⎝b1 + d⎞⎠ = 2.68 m
⎝ 2⎠
a1
Factor efectos de Tamaño β ≔ ―= 1 λ≔1
b1
ACI 319-19 22.6.5.2(b)
⎛ 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Vn1 ≔ 0.17 ⋅ λ ⋅ ⎜1 + ― ⎟ ⋅ f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 5104.724 kN
⎝ β⎠
α ≔ 30 Columna lateral =30
⎛α⋅d ⎞
Vn2 ≔ 0.083 ⋅ λ ⋅ ⎜―― + 2⎟ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 9240.752 kN
⎝ bo ⎠

Vn3 ≔ 0.33 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾

f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 3303.056 kN

Vn ≔ min ⎛⎝Vn1 , Vn2 , Vn3⎞⎠ = 3303.056 kN

ϕu ≔ 0.75

ϕuVn ≔ ϕu ⋅ Vn = 2477.292 kN Vu = 1039.548 kN

if ϕuVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “falla” |
‖ |
 if ϕuVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “falla” |
‖ |

col2

Acri ≔ ⎛⎝a2 + d⎞⎠ ⎛⎝b2 + d⎞⎠ = 1.6 m 2 Vu ≔ Pu2 - Acri ⋅ qu = 1589.05 kN

bo ≔ ⎛⎝a2 + d⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝b2 + d⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 = 5.06 m

a1
λ≔1 β ≔ ―= 1 Factor efectos de Tamaño
b1
22.6.5.2(b) f'c ≔ 21 MPa
⎛ 2 ⎞ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Vn1 ≔ 0.17 ⋅ λ ⋅ ⎜1 + ― ⎟ ⋅ f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 9638.023 kN
⎝ β⎠

α ≔ 40 Columna lateral =30

⎛α⋅d ⎞
Vn2 ≔ 0.083 ⋅ λ ⋅ ⎜―― + 2⎟ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 13242.702 kN
⎝ bo ⎠

Vn3 ≔ 0.33 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾

f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ bo ⋅ d = 6236.368 kN

Vn ≔ min ⎛⎝Vn1 , Vn2 , Vn3⎞⎠ = 6236.368 kN

ϕu ≔ 0.75

ϕuVn ≔ ϕu ⋅ Vn = 4677.276 kN Vu = 1589.05 kN

if ϕuVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “falla” |
‖ |
3.2 Analisis estructural Sentido Longitudinal a CORTE

3.3. Verificacion a corte Longitudinal Por flexion

Seccion critica
a una distancia "d" del apoyo 0.815 m de la cortante mayor

Vu ≔ 937.1 kN

Vn ≔ 0.17 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ B ⋅ d = 1396.815 kN ϕv ≔ 0.75

ϕvVn ≔ ϕv ⋅ Vn = 1047.611 kN Vu = 937.1 kN

if ϕvVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Falla°” |
‖ |
 if ϕvVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Falla°” |
‖ |

3.4. Analisis estructural Sentido Longitudinal a CORTE

Mu_neg ≔ 1596.31 kN ⋅ m Mu_pso ≔ 392.32 kN ⋅ m

3.4.1. Diseño armadura longitudinal Por flexion

ϕ ≔ 0.9
ARMADURA NEGATIVA
Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu_neg ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――― ⎟ = 0.003
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ B ⋅ d 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.003

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ B ⋅ d = 53.715 cm 2
As_nec
A20mm ≔ 3.14 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 17.107 barras
A20mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm B' ≔ B - 2 rl = 2.05 m

B'
Sepx ≔ ――― = 11.984 cm ϕ 16c/11cm
Nbarras

B'
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 18.083 barras
12 cm

Colocar: 18 ϕ 20c/12cm

3.4.2. Diseño armadura Transversal Por flexion

MOMENTO POSITIVO
MOMENTO POSITIVO

r ≔ 7.5 cm db ≔ 16 mm
ARMADURA POSITIVA
db
d1 ≔ h - r - ―= 0.817 m
2
Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu_pso ⎞

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ―――― ⎟ = 0.00072
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ B ⋅ d 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.0018

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ B ⋅ d = 32.274 cm 2
As_nec
A16mm ≔ 2.01 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 16.057 barras
A16mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm B' ≔ B - 2 rl = 2.05 m

B'
Sepx ≔ ――― = 12.767 cm
Nbarras

B'
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 16.769 barras
13 cm
Colocar: 17 ϕ 16c/13cm

4. Dimensionamiento transversal
d = 0.815 m

B1 ≔ a1 + 0.75 d = 0.961 m

B2 ≔ a2 + 1.5 d = 1.673 m

Diseño a Flexion columna 1

kN
Qu ≔ qu ⋅ B1 = 174.773 ――
m

B b1
Ala ≔ ―- ―= 0.925 m
2 2
 kN
Qu ≔ qu ⋅ B1 = 174.773 ――
m

B b1
Ala ≔ ―- ―= 0.925 m
2 2

Ala 2
Mu ≔ Qu ⋅ ――= 74.77 kN ⋅ m
2

ARMADURA dbt ≔ 16 mm
d1 ≔ h - r - db - 0.5 dbt = 0.801 m
ϕ ≔ 0.9

Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.00032
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ B1 ⋅ d1 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.002

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ B1 ⋅ d1 = 13.859 cm 2
As_nec
A16mm ≔ 2.01 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 6.895 barras
A16mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm B'1 ≔ B1 - rl = 0.886 m

B'1
Sepx ≔ ――― = 12.853 cm
Nbarras

B'1
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 7.817 barras
13 cm
Colocar: 8 ϕ 16c/13cm

Diseño a Flexion columna 2 Transversal

kN
Qu ≔ qu ⋅ B2 = 304.091 ――
m
B b2
Ala ≔ ―- ―= 0.875 m
2 2

Ala 2
Mu ≔ Qu ⋅ ――= 116.41 kN ⋅ m
2
ARMADURA dbt ≔ 16 mm
d1 ≔ h - r - db - 0.5 dbt = 0.801 m
ϕ ≔ 0.9

Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.00029
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ B2 ⋅ d1 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.0018

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ B2 ⋅ d1 = 24.114 cm 2
As_nec
A16mm ≔ 2.01 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 11.997 barras
A16mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm B'2 ≔ B2 = 1.673 m

22.6.5.2(b) B'2
Sepx ≔ ――― = 13.941 cm ϕ 16c/11cm
Nbarras

B'2
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 13.865 barras Colocar: 13 ϕ 16c/13cm
13 cm

ARMADURA DE PIEL MINIMA :

ARMADURA dbt ≔ 16 mm
d1 ≔ h - r - db - 0.5 dbt = 0.801 m
ϕ ≔ 0.9
Lt ≔ L - B1 - B2 - 0.5 m = 4.566 m
Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.00011
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ Lt ⋅ d1 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.0018

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ Lt ⋅ d1 = 65.836 cm 2
 As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ Lt ⋅ d1 = 65.836 cm 2
As_nec
A16mm ≔ 2.01 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 32.754 barras
A16mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm L't ≔ Lt = 4.566 m

L't
Sepx ≔ ――― = 13.941 cm ϕ 16c/11cm
Nbarras

L't
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 36.125 barras Colocar: 37 ϕ 16c/13cm
13 cm

EXTREMO DERECHO A C2-B2

Para el resto de la armadura inferior transversal se debe colocar armadura

mínima , con la cuantía 0.00018 , calculando por metro de anchi o en las
distancias dexvatas dejadas entre franjas . en este caso mantenemos armadura
minima
ARMADURA dbt ≔ 16 mm
d1 ≔ h - r - db - 0.5 dbt = 0.801 m
ϕ ≔ 0.9
Lt ≔ 0.5 m
Cuantía Necesaria:

f'c ⎛ 2.36 ⋅ Mu ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
ρnec ≔ ――― ⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――― ⎟ = 0.00097
1.18 ⋅ fy ⎜⎝ ϕ ⋅ f'c ⋅ Lt ⋅ d1 2 ⎟⎠
Cuantía mínima:
ρmin ≔ 0.0018

ρ ≔ max ⎛⎝ρnec , ρmin⎞⎠ = 0.0018

As_nec ≔ ρ ⋅ Lt ⋅ d1 = 7.209 cm 2
As_nec
A16mm ≔ 2.01 cm 2 Nbarras ≔ ――― = 3.587 barras
A16mm

rl ≔ 7.5 cm L't ≔ Lt = 0.5 m

L't
Sepx ≔ ――― = 13.941 cm ϕ 16c/11cm
Nbarras

L't
Nbarras ≔ ――― + 1 = 4.846 Colocar: 5 ϕ 16c/13cm
13 cm
3.3. Verificacion a corte Por flexion TRANSVERSAL

Seccion critica
a una distancia "d" del apoyo 0.815 m de la cortante mayor

Vu ≔ 937.101 kN d1 ≔ h - r - db - 0.5 dbt = 0.801 m

Vn ≔ 0.17 ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa ⋅ L ⋅ d1 = 4804.872 kN ϕv ≔ 0.75

ϕvVn ≔ ϕv ⋅ Vn = 3603.654 kN Vu = 937.101 kN

if ϕvVn ≥ Vu | = “Cumple”
‖ “Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Falla°” |
‖ |

5. Transferencia de Esfuerzos:
SON CARGAS MUY GRANDES PARA LAS SECCIONES DE LAS COLUMNAS
AUMENTAREMOS LAS SECCIONES DE LAS COLUMNAS A 35CM COL1 Y COL2 A 45CM

Col 1 Col 2
ϕt ≔ 0.65
Fau1 ≔ ϕt ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c = 11.603 MPa
Fau2 ≔ ϕt ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ f'c = 11.603 MPa
Pu1
Fa1 ≔ ――= 9.796 MPa
a 1 ⋅ b1 Pu2
Fa2 ≔ ――= 9.284 MPa
a 2 ⋅ b2

if Fau1 ≥ Fa1 | = “cumple” if Fau2 ≥ Fa2 | = “cumple”

‖ “cumple” | ‖ “cumple” |
‖ | ‖ |
else | else |
‖ “falla” | ‖ “falla” |
‖ | ‖ |
 if Fau1 ≥ Fa1 | = “cumple” if Fau2 ≥ Fa2 | = “cumple”
‖ “cumple” | ‖ “cumple” |
‖ | ‖ |
else | else |
‖ “falla” | ‖ “falla” |
‖ | ‖ |

6. Verificación de longitud de desarrollo:

SEPARACIONES
db = 16 mm
seplongitudinal ≔ 13 cm septransversal ≔ 13 cm

ψt ≔ 1 La barra tiene un hormigonado ψs ≔ 0.80 La barra tiene un diámetro

inferior a 30 cm por debajo pequeño
ψe ≔ 1 La barra no tiene recubrimiento ψg ≔ 1 Grado del acero

Ktr ≔ 0 No se tiene estribos la zapata

cb ≔ min ⎛⎝seplongitudinal , septransversal , rl⎞⎠ = 7.5 cm

⎛ cb + Ktr ⎞ |
Xt ≔ if ⎜――― ⎟ ≤ 2.5| = 2.5
⎝ db ⎠ |
‖⎛c +K ⎞ |
b
‖ ⎜――― tr |
⎟
‖ ⎝ db ⎠ |
‖ |
else |
‖ 2.5 ||
‖

⎛ fy ψe ⋅ ψt ⋅ ψs ⋅ ψg ⎞
ld ≔ ⎜――――――⋅ ――――― ⎟ ⋅ db = 0.427 m
⎜⎝ 1.1 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa Xt ⎟⎠

⎛ fy ψe ⋅ ψt ⋅ ψs ⋅ ψg ⎞ |
ld ≔ if ⎜――――――⋅ ――――― ⎟ ⋅ db ≥ 30 cm | = 42.66 cm
⎜⎝ 1.1 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
f'c ⋅ MPa Xt ⎟⎠ |
‖⎛ |
fy ψe ⋅ ψt ⋅ ψs ⋅ ψg ⎞ |
‖ ⎜―――――― ⋅ ――――― ⎟ ⋅ db
‖ ⎜ 1.1 ⋅ λ ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ X |
⎝ f' ⋅ MPa t ⎟⎠ |
‖ c
else |
‖ 30 cm |
‖ ||

Longitud de adherencia disponible:

B b1
Ala ≔ ―- ―= 0.925 m rl = 7.5 cm
2 2

lde ≔ Ala - rl = 85 cm ld = 42.66 cm

 lde ≔ Ala - rl = 85 cm ld = 42.66 cm

if lde ≥ ld | = “Si Cumple”

‖ “Si Cumple” |
‖ |
else |
‖ “Falla” |
‖ |

Cuantias y comparacion con la fundacion (viga de equilibrio)

VH ≔ B ⋅ L ⋅ h = 15.246 m 3

B = 2.2 m L = 7.7 m h = 0.9 m

Peso total de aceros:

longitudinal: Transversal:

ll ≔ L - 2 rl = 7.55 m lt ≔ B - 2 rl = 2.05 m

phi 20mm son 18barras/12cm phi 16mm son 63 c/ 13cm

ϕ20 ≔ 18 ⋅ ll = 135.9 m ϕ16t ≔ 63 ⋅ lt = 129.15 m

phi 16mm son 17barras

ϕ16 ≔ 17 ⋅ ll = 128.35 m
kgf kgf
p16 ≔ 1.63 ―― p20 ≔ 2.55 ――
m m
Ptl16t ≔ ϕ16t ⋅ p16 = 210.515 kgf

Ptl16 ≔ ϕ16 ⋅ p16 = 209.211 kgf

Ptl20 ≔ ϕ20 ⋅ p20 = 346.545 kgf

PT ≔ Ptl16 + Ptl20 + Ptl16t = 766.27 kgf

PT kgf
ρ1 ≔ ―― = 50.26 ――
VH m3
Ejercicio anterior VIGA EQUILIBRIO:
kgf
VH2 ≔ 6.737 m 3 p8 ≔ 0.41 ――
m

Ptl16 ≔ 141.4 m ⋅ p16 = 230.482 kgf

Ptl20 ≔ 58.4 m ⋅ p20 = 148.92 kgf

Ptl8 ≔ 47.5 m ⋅ p8 = 19.475 kgf

PT2 ≔ Ptl16 + Ptl20 + Ptl8 = 398.877 kgf

PT2 kgf
ρ2 ≔ ―― = 59.207 ――
VH2 m3

en el ejemplo de con viga de equilibrio es mas economica, hay menor

volumen y menor cantidad de acero

ESQUEMA ARMADO
ESQUEMA ARMADO