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Trends and Movements in Modern Arabic Poetry
by
Salma Khadra Jayyusi
(London, E. J. Brill, 1977)

e-mail: info(c1 caus.org.lb

Web Site: http://www.caus.org.Ib
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Salma Klindrn Jayyusi. <<Trendsand : Z

!.,I ;r +J ( Y ) d L 5 ' 1o h +
:
Movements in Contemporary Arabic Poetry,)) (Ph. D. Thesis. London University. School o f
Oriental and African Studies. 1970). pp. 13-21.
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, OII Liiwtrrl. S ~ ~ h i c ~(London:
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(New York: Columbia University Press. 1947-). p. 112.

 in: English In\t~Lute. ( \ t )
Kenc U'ellek. 11Pcriods ant1 Moi,enlcnts in 111i.1-a1.y H~slot-y.~)

Annual. 4 LOIS.( N e w York: Colui~thiaUliiicr\~tyPrCs\. 1940-[li)il?]l. p. 71.

Tr
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of 1870- 1'130 ( \ 7 )
Edmund Wilson. A.vc,l'.~Cusrlc~;.4 Stlir11 itr tlrc, I~rrcigitiotivrLitrrci~u~~o
(New York; London: C. Scribnrr's Sons. 1942). p. I I .
d )*all (\V)
Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gihh and Harold Bowcn, Iskiir~ic Soc,ic,t!. ci~ltl tile ( \ )
W e , ~ t :A .Stu(11.of' IIIC I/iip(i(.t (11 Wi>.vt~rriC'i~.iliz(itioi~
air . I f ~ ( . l t , iClilture
i~ ril the, NCUI. E(i.~t
(London; New York: Oxford University Press. 1950.). vol. I. part 2. p. 154.
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of Iclrrrlr (London: Luzac. 1927).

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Gibb i111cl B o ~ c n .Ibid.. p. 150
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L.i~c~r.tri.j, (London: Luzac. Ic)56), p. 5.
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Oxrord University Press. 1962). p. 32
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Bayard Dodge, '41-Azhcir.: A X l i l l r ~ ~ i ~ i nofi ~.2l~r.rlirii
r Lclirr~irig (Washington. DC: Middle East
Institute. 1961).
Gibb and Bowen. 1.c.ltiriiic .Soc.ier,. triitl rlic I.t'c..rr: A Srrrdl. of' the < , r M'c'.rrrri~ (
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((Farha 1 . ) ) in: Et~c~j~c~lop(i~c1iir

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103Y. pp. 55-56.
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C i ~ ~ i l i : ( r r i oorl f i r . s r . p. 156.
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Cachiu. Tcil~cif3rr.,cy.n: Hl.c Pllrc c ~ I the

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H. -1. R . Gibb. ((Studies in Contemporary Arahrc Literature. I: T h e Nineteenth Ccntury,))

Biill(,rr~rof 1/1(, lol. 4. no. 4 (1926-19?8), p. 748;
Sclrool of'Orio7rc11 ttrrtl A f r i t i i r ~Srr~tlic~.\.

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it1 rlic. Lihcrrrl Agc. 1798-1939. p. 69. (TI)
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p. 750.
Khalil
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S. Hiwi. - :+I ,,&ul ;*i rrJj*il &,LC ~0~ JJCZ( f f )
f i i . ~B o c k g ~ o ~ l n dClzarac./c~r
, urzd K'orkr, Foreword by Nabih Aniin Faris. Publication of the
Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Oriental Series; no. 41 (Beirut: American University of Beirut,
1963). p. 38 et passim.
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pp. 58-62. and other writers.

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ILL. LC -l;lI
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Afiicun Srudic..\, vol. 5. no. 2 ( 1928-1930). p. 316.
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Conlcmporary Arabic Literature. 11: M;inf;iluti and the ( ( N e w Stylcn.)) p. 118.

,TY * - ,+( \ > )
r \ q 3 [ l & & > Y l >>A'I!l

Pierre Cachia. Trihci H L I . \ ~ ~ IHis

, ~ I . Pltrce in rlrc, Ef~,plicrt~Lircwqv Rrrioi.ort~rc,c,( 1 7 )
(London: Luzac, 1956). p. 29.
 ..LA ;d\
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14 4. R. Gibb.. c(Studies in Con1empor:u.y Arabic Literature. 111: Egyptian ( 7 .)
Modcr~ii\ts.))B l ~ l l ~ of
~ t t/l(> ~ / 0l.ic~ntolor111 Afkicat~Srilt1io.c. vol. 5 . no. 3 (1928-19301.
i ~ ~. ~ ( c / I o of
p. 466.
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Albert Habib :> '+ & ;y. +I d d l L-,i
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Hourani. Artrhic Tliolrght it7 !he Liberal Age, 1798-1939 (London: New York: Oxford University
Press, 1962).
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Sty1e)i.i)p. 3 12.
Cachia, T(i1iri Nlr.sc~j,ti:Hlr Plrrt.~,iti 111r Eg~piionI . i r r r t r y . : S- (Y7)

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i. 7lioi1,qlir;I/ rhc Lihrrr11 .-lyr,. 17YR-19.~9,p. 326. : &I ( Y A )
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J>y +-&.! &I (Y a *)

(London: Hamilton. [1953]), p. 265.

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Alfrcd de Vigny. Poimc.7 c.lrni.~i.~, ,I (Y \)
Texts. French Series: Modern Section (Manchester: The University Press; London; New Yosk:
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K . Paul. Trench. Trubner, 1929). p. 196.

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(7)
Dic~tiorrtrr:l~o/ Ilotic~rrr E~iropenn Litercrturr (New York: Columbia University Press. 1947).
p. 292.

Liirruiurc "/ 1870-1930 : - k - &

Edmund Wilson. A,\-c~l'.sC'o.stlc,: .4 St~lcI!.irr tile Ir?zcrginntio~~ ,iI
(New Yo1.k: London: C. Scribner's Sons. 1942). p. 19.
C . M . Bo~vI.;~.7'11~'Hc,rifci,rc, c ! i ~ S ~ . ~ l l h r (London:
~ii\~ii Macmillan. 1943). p. .: (7)
Louis Franqois Caramian. E.r.\r~ir. (Paris: H . D ~ d i c r .1938). p. 189.
~,ir< / C , I , I lriii,yii(>.\ (t)
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Arthur Symons. The Sj.,nholi.sr M o ~ ~ c ~ ~~ ~I ILilcrorirrc,.
lolt znd ed. (London: Al.chibald ( \ 1)
Constable. 1908). pp. 8-9.
Bowra. Tllr. Hcri~ugc.of Sj,riiholi,c.i?r.p. 9.
Pcyrc. ~~Symholism)).
Bowrn. Ibid.. 11. .:
Cazamian. E,r.rtiit oi t h ~ l i lcrii$li~,.\.
.~ p. 189.
Peyrc. ((Symboli~m),.
Symons. Tllr S ~ ~ i ~ i / ~: oV l~i O L , .4
VIIII~ ' I ( I / I I I . p.
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B o u r ~ ~llirz
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repr~ntcd from: Yr~lc,Fre~icli .S/lrt/ic~.s(New Halen. CT), vol I. no I (Sprins-Summer 1948).

p . 29.
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chap. 17. introduction. pp. 290-300.

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. Trct~tio/
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Paul. Trench. Trubner, 1929). pp. 27 1-272.

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Herbert Read. C ' o l l ~ c ~ cEssu,,s
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::. by H o u a r t l ( 7 9 )
Nemerov (Nc'H Yc31.k: M c G r a w - H i l l . [1964]1. p. 155.
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Salnt-John Persc. A/rrthosr.v, rt Poc,il~. tfiu~~slatcdb! T . S. Eliot. .:IL' ed. (London: ( V \ )
Faher and Faber. 119591). pp. 15-16.
Edrnund Wilson. T/rc Tri/~/c,T/11/7kc~.r. E.~.strl..,or/ Lirrr.ui.1. .S~thi~~c~is
T~i.c'/i.c> (London: ( V T )
J . Lehmann. [IYS?]). p. !l
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1 orict~iorr;/I Poci1.1.(New York. Scribner-. 1'132). p p 230-238 and esp. p 238.

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Wilson. Tlic Tril,lc' Tlii111~c~r.s:

T~~.c,li,c, p. 36.
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. (Ar)
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~ ~ . Fc,hriirli:i. 194-7 ( G l a s ~ o w Jackson.
iii rlrc, ( ' r i i ~ ~ c ' r . sofi ~G. l c i . v ~ o i 24'" : Son and Company. 1942).
pp. 25-26 et passim
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,I: J,- d,+ LC &;A,
T. S. Eliot. Sr/cjc.tcc/ Prose', cdltcd by John Ha)ward. Penpuin Books: 873 (London: B;~ltimore:
Penguin Books. [1953]). p. 91.
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r T l ~ i r c lM'. P. K r i . .\.lcr~~oricil
Lcc,ri~rc,IIc,lii,crct/ it1 rllc ( A S )
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of (;lr~sjioi~.. 1042, pp. 27-28.
24"' Fc~hriicir~.
Saint-John Perse. Arlcih(ivi.\, (1 Pocrli, p. I I . : L L ,Ll ( A T )
Eliot. T11c .\l~i.,ic. of Pocrrl.. 7'lic~Tliircl CC'. P . Kc./. .MoiioriciI I.ccrurc D e l i ~ ~ r r rrci rl 11rc ( A V )
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I . 2 - 11
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Jones. TI!(, R~rc~Xgi.~~r~ri,l Po~,ri:i.F;YV(IVY(rtid I ~ ~ t i ~ r i ~ i (pp

of .\.lot/~rri Frc~1c.11 , i ~ 170.1
~ , s , 71. ( \ \ \ )
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'P* I! + +;+y1 LUI 2 LS -+,I ;?s& ;J 1

(-, + &-dl &I..
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. ! I i .i U I u.+j>i.A!i
L.. U pJ 'JJ! +; &b ~ bk $ > L L& >l3:6 &-2 -&
Walt Whitman. c(Nevl- Poetl-1.)) in: Walt Whitman. ( ' o / ~ l / ~ / ePfrco w IvOt'/i5 (New York: . i i b l
1910). p. 318.
&
: Z3,& ,521 ,,..
L2->tuLG>L3 +y! dlill i+ G y JLLY
.
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, , , I L i A rb 1 ?ls &$ JL (\14)
2, \L j
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il
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JY A L ,
- ,$ &>, ,( \ q gv -L,$) f ,\ ~ 1 ,+:
1
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. +>UI 4 ks 2 ~
+>>i 3 - al>Al
4 2 &,*
Henri Pe! re. C ~ ~ I ~ C > ~ PF I ./ C
I ~~ I~L
.I~(~,Z/II~
, -J~I . ( A
I ~ ICriticnl
I ~ c . A ~ I I I I O I(New
O ~ ~ York: ( \ Y \ )
Harper and Row. [1064]). p. 416.
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ctVers Libre.)) in: E17ncloprrliu of Porlr.1, trfltl : ;r. + . " +I ;I+!\ ,+L. +
: -lcIl
Poelics.

k141
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Eliot, ((Reflections o n Vers Libre,)). p. 87. .SiL. cJ,6 :+'I 3 +,AJ,c>'iLL s!

L.LUb tli,)l/ & _+)I [d)Jl i9 #-I1 /I , d l Li (E. Dujardin) dl>;L-g> j,$>
((Vers Librc.)) in: Encyc/o[~t~/irr
t?f'Poe1,:1 cr~rtlPorlics. :p
: GI .I),> t l b G;; >i
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N ~ , IDir~~c1ion.s
, ir~ :+I .(I. . .G+I ?-)L 2 %,a ,si S,+AI ~ ~ ~i0I L I;d12
I

Prose, uflrl Porlry, pp. 334 and 336.

Smith. P u ~ t r r rand
~ Variu~ionBi Purl:.. pp. 233-234. (173)

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I . A . Richards, Prclc.!;c,c~/('ririci\/~i i l Srl1t11.of I.itoclr:l Jl~tI~yr~re~rt
(London: K . ( \ T Y )
Paul. Trench. T r ~ ~ b n e 1020).
r. p. 206.

((Tone.,, ~ n b:~~c:i.c~lopc,l/il~
. 01. P ~ I , / I :clricl
I Pocri<.v. ( \l"r)
,707 -4 , ( \ S i T ,+,dl +YI 2L-a :OpWI) 99G l i ,>+ 3;( \ T A )
J. B. Priestley. Llretwtrrrc, u t ~ t rlrc'
i M'c'srcrtr ,Zl(or (London: Mercul.y Books. 1962). : L a ,
p. 356.
+.d~ .>+
'&i :> , y ~ - 3 >.+ ~i-I &
>- , * I?, >+ J19i.>LLSL+
T I _ TTS -4

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. Ortega y Gasact p>G

+k+ ,s 4 , I A -p .+dl _i &!$I
,+-vl 4 kjl.dJI 1;U41 (\ t
 En.sr Forlrt?~. ( \ t 7 )
Salma Khadla Jayyusi. ,<The Revolutionary Ideology.)) ~Mid~llc~
\,ol. 43, no. 4 (1968). pp 69-70,

&>-19 LyYi 9L;ii p; uFu9. j 9 V l G;LIL + d l ji ~ _ aa l ~ ,

A:-I-+(1tv)

+: L!d ak)+ (,+dl

A G \>is 5 :r-*,dl d\ 2 >L;ib
.i &,dl L G d2-2
Halim Barakat, :,LI .->>I ++\I9 ;,-I9 dL- L j L .
4i ?\GI ++': &- k .id\
((Alienation: A PI-occss of Encounter between ULopin a n d Real~t].))Brrtisll Jolrrntrl o/ Socroloq~.
(London), vol. 70. no. I (March 1969). pp. 1-2 and 4.
41 5~ s9>i$+>dl d j d l j +,JI &+I +UI y~~Fb ( \ t q )
+L\II ' -,>i
L- : > 11
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a ~ + ~p,
J!~r d ~
is CI & bjJ ~i . k ~t Ji W 1 &>I>! p - i w +ls. ?L iis e ~ ;
. .i(qi
~ k .J&i
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Arland Ussher. J o ~ i r r ~ c: ,~L
~l. . icL& LJSi L +
21
Dr.eud [ A Stuc!i of Kic~rke,yuard.Heitle'ygrr, and Sortre] (London: Darwen Finlayson,
rl~rou,yl~
[l955]). p. 15.
: kl ,+-G j .qUI -e&!ls iSi;ilj + I d \ ,+Ls ;?J;dls +$I Jy
Jean-Paul Sartre. El-i.ctrrrtirrlisrl~trrrcl Hu~i~rrriirrii.
translation and introduction by Philip Mairet
(London: Methuen. [1948]), esp. pp. 27-39.
Ussher, Ibid.. pp. 123-146. : Ll .l& >'&I3 yJL 2&y +& L%Nj
Erich Fromm, Tht?Fvor o/ Frc~~clorn
(London: Routledge :,&I .&,&I ;p +,+!I jUl J,-,
and Kegan Paul. 1960). rsp. pp. 1 17-178.
. ~ . J t~ ! I, ~ ~ LA ~ J S ~ I 3 +,
-41;GI21,_Z C=LL iJ;+ g *L bi piJ~ u i j l g i ~ 5i fl OL

ji k2i-lp JL 2 iJ+ L~JIq;ri~+31 J! Lrjli~ &,

A+,- 3,c, j;L ;4Lg ~ p u&Il l'ivl j Gl*Ip &>
oJ& J+ &$I J! j ~ - i i l'-%I1 dL.5 -LcD (Colin Wilson)
( \ 3Y)
I
O
, -.. - I I I J&J!(\~o~~G)+&~I
+-&I .o j y s
J > L L ~ Ij '+ 2 6bj42 L y I g g p / >;L

Barakat, <<Alienation:A Process of Encounter between Utopia and Reality.), p. 7. (\ \)

dL;,pp,. i(\l-i) (4J>l+UrLJl ,&YI 6V.V-V.3 y & L q U I (\OT)

. +La!
Hen1.i Peyre. existentialis ism: A Literature of : &I ,
;
> L ;&i &c pLbW ( \ 3 1 )
Despair?.)) reprinted from: Yak, Frrrlch Sruilie,.~(New Haven. C T ) , vol. 1, no. I (Spring-Summcr
1948). pp. 21-32.
Robert Cumrning. ((The Literature of Extrcme Situations.)) in: Morris Philipson. cd.. : L+i &, I
Meridian Books (Clevcland: World Pub. Co.. [1961]).
Ar.stlictic~~sTotit?.: Roni/itigs Sclcc~tc~r/,
pp. 377-412.

Sartre. E~istc~trtitrli.sr~i p. 39 et seq.

tirid H~rtiitrr~i.sni, :&I (133)

Pcyrc. [bid.. p. 2s. (\37)

.LWI >E?I 'U+2;~

*
:
.
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l

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,
+
,, U$k3
JsL! \ \ -4 L( \ q3A

.I\ + - 1 .V ,P ,+&Ig +I ~,+lJ+bg 041-hj &I

Erich Fromm. Mnn for Hini.\rl/: Ati Itic/ttirx itrlo llie P . ~ ~ c / I o / ~ofI , E11iic.s
Q I ~ (London: ( \ 7 \ )
Routledge and Kezan Paul, 1949). p. 40 et passim.

E r ~ c hFromni. ((Human Nature and Character.)) in: Ibid.. pp. 38-1 17. : .Ll ( \ 7 Y )
,jL&l Jp!( \ . & U i , d l )I> :a>,+)>&I +I : + ' d l $2 ( \ 31)

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E~,il(London: Routledgc and Kegan Paul. 1965). p. 46.
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((Objective Carl-clatlvc.), in: Eirc:~c.lul~c,clitr01 Poc'ti.~r r i i ( / P o c r i ~ . ~ . : j&I (72\)

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Grober Cleveland Srn~th.T. S. Eliot'.\ Por,tr~,( i 1 1 / 1 Pkii,s: A Stueli3 it! So~rrc,ecnr~ti :L
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:Mcrr~iir,. A Phoenix Edlt1011.611' ed. (Chicago: Phocnix Edition. 1965). p. 60.
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