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Resumen:
Los métodos de campo artificial son todo lo contrario a los de campo natural, estos son ocasionados
por el equipo o el ser humano, siendo este creado se tienen mayor control en sus mediciones e
interpretaciones, pero a pesar de esta ventaja tenemos que presentar una desventaja y que al no
tener un punto fijo de generación del campo, tenemos que llevar el equipo de generación a las
zonas de trabajo, siendo uno de los principales obstáculos su aplicación a la minería, ya que
tenemos que generar este campo a zonas vírgenes o con accesos restringidos.
Los métodos se aplicarán según las técnicas que existen (superficie, pozo) y cada técnica podrá ser
ejecutada con diferentes dispositivos, cada uno de estos funcionaran de una forma diferente, por lo
que los resultados, si bien, son equivalentes, no son “iguales”, se debe conocer cómo funciona cada
dispositivo para emplear el correcto en cada caso.
Estos métodos pueden aplicarse en todas las fases de la investigación minera, son esenciales en
prospección, exploración tanto inicial como avanzada generando una disminución de costos. Dentro
de estos métodos tenemos el geoeléctrico, dentro del cual tenemos la tomografía vertical, calicatas
y sondeos eléctricos, esta última técnica fue desarrollada en 1920 por los hermanos Schulumberger
dando inicio al desarrollo de las técnicas por resistividad.
El método geo-eléctrico utiliza corriente continua para la transmisión eléctrica, a través de este
método se determina la resistencia al paso de la corriente eléctrica, donde tenemos la identificación
de anomalías. La resistencia es la oposición que pone un material al paso de una corriente eléctrica,
su unidad de medida es Ohmio.
Abstract:
The artificial field methods are the opposite of the natural field methods, these are caused by the
equipment or the human being, being this created we have greater control in their measurements
and interpretations, but despite this advantage we have to present a disadvantage and that not
having a fixed point of generation of the field, we have to take the generation equipment to the
work areas, being one of the main obstacles its application to mining, since we have to generate
this field to virgin areas or with restricted access.
The methods will be applied according to the existing techniques (surface, well) and each technique
can be executed with different devices, each of these will work in a different way, so the results,
although they are equivalent, are not "equal", you must know how each device works to use the
correct one in each case.
These methods can be applied in all phases of mining research, they are essential in prospecting,
initial and advanced exploration, generating a cost reduction. Within these methods we have the
geoelectric, within which we have the vertical tomography, calicatas and electrical soundings, this
last technique was developed in 1920 by the Schulumberger brothers giving beginning to the
development of the techniques by resistivity.
The geo-electric method uses direct current for electrical transmission, through this method the
resistance to the passage of electric current is determined, where we have the identification of
anomalies. Resistance is the opposition of a material to the passage of an electric current; its unit of
measurement is Ohm.
There are parameters that influence resistance and resistivity, the use of resistivity is due to the fact
that it increases in direct relation to the volume, while resistivity does not vary. Among the
parameters that influence resistivity we have: temperature, presence of fractures, grain packing,
density, alterations, fracturing, composition, presence of water, compaction, weathering among
others that affect the values obtained by this method.
For the interpretation of the results obtained in this method, it is necessary to have a previous
knowledge of the geology of the area, and mainly an idea of the Dar Zarrouk layer thicknesses that
are used for the interpretation, this is how a model can have variations in the number of layers, so
the resistivity and thickness parameters, however, should not vary the Dar Zarrouk parameters,
therefore, the models are similar or equivalent.
RÚBRICA
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