Ejemplo Calculo de pérdidas Hormigó n Postensado

Hallar las pérdidas en la viga de la figura si se tienen los siguientes datos:

Pj= 450 tn ql= 0.35 tn/m
R= 0.85 qd= 1.176 tn/m
Atoron= 0.987 cm2
N°tor= 36
fpu= 18760 kg/cm2 h cuñ a= 0.6 cm
2
fpy= 15946 kg/cm Edad Tr= 3 días
Ep= 1.89E+06 kg/cm2 HR= 85 %
2
f'ci= 331.2 kg/cm μ= 0.2
2
Eci= 274803 kg/cm K= 0.0007 1/m
f'c= 368 kg/cm2
Ec= 289668 kg/cm2
gH= 2.4 tn/m3
nci= 6.87764
nc= 6.52471

1. Dimensiones
L1= 14 m
L2= 14 m
Lp1= 8m x y
Lp2= 28 m 0 0 1.4
0.6 0
1.2
L/20 H= 1.25 m 0.6 0.2
bt= 1m 0.4 0.2 1
hf tf= 0.15 m 0.4 1.1
0.8
bb= 0.6 m 0.8 1.1
tb= 0.2 m 0.8 1.25 0.6
bw= 0.2 m -0.2 1.25 0.4
-0.2 1.1
0.2 1.1 0.2

0.2 0.2 0
0 0.2 -0.4 -0.2

Propiedades Geométricas (respecto del CG)

𝐴=∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒𝐴_𝑖
𝑦_𝑐𝑔=(∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒𝐴_𝑖 ∗𝑦_𝑖)/(∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒𝐴_𝑖
𝐼=(𝑎×𝑏^3)/12
Área = 0.450 m2
Centroide Ycg= 0.678 m2
Inercia I= 0.09011 m4 Fig a (m) b (m) A (m2) yi (m)
1 1 0.15 0.15 1.175
y1= 0.572 m 2 0.2 0.9 0.18 0.65
Y2= 0.678 m 3 0.6 0.2 0.12 0.1
0.45

Ix = 0.29718 (m4)
Y1

H EN = CG S1= 0.1576 m3
Y2
 H EN = CG
Y2
S2= 0.1328 m3
X1
2. Cálculo de peso propio
γH= 2.4 tn/m3
qo= 1.08 tn/m

3. Trayectoria del tendon

PARABOLA DE SEGUNDO GRADO: 𝑦=𝑎𝑥^2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐

Tres Puntos
x y A X = Y
P1 0 0.8 a 0 0 1 0.8
P2 7 0.15 b 49 7 1 0.15
P3 14 0.8 c 196 14 1 0.8

A = X-1 Y
a 0.0102 -0.02041 0.0102041 0.8
b -0.21429 0.285714 -0.071429 0.15
c 1 0 0 0.8

Parábola 1 : a = 0.01327 m24= 0.1857143

b= -0.18571
c= 0.8

dos Puntos y pendiente 𝑦=𝑎𝑥^2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐 𝑚=2𝑎𝑥+𝑏

x y A X = Y
P1 14 0.8 a 196 14 1 0.8
P2 28 0.8 b 784 28 1 0.8
m24 0.18571 c 28 1 0 0.1857143

A = X-1 Y
a -0.0051 0.005102 -0.071429 0.8
b 0.14286 -0.14286 3 0.8
c 0 1 -28 0.1857143
 Parábola 2 : a = -0.01327
b= 0.55714
c= -4.4

y
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25

3. Pérdida por fricción

𝑃_𝐵= 〖𝑃 _𝐴 𝑒 〗 ^(−(𝐾𝐿+𝜇𝛼" " ) ) 〖𝑓 _𝑃𝐴 𝑒 〗 ^(−(𝐾𝐿+𝜇𝛼" " ) )

𝑓_𝑃𝐵=

x Pj (kg) fpj ϴA (rad) ϴx (Rad) α (Rad) fpx fpx_hc ycg ytendon

0 450000 12665 -0.1836 -0.1836 0.0000 12664.64 10835.5 0.678 0.8

1 12665 -0.1836 -0.1579 0.0258 12590.74 10909.1 0.678 0.627551
2 12665 -0.1836 -0.1319 0.0517 12516.73 10982.6 0.678 0.4816327
3 12665 -0.1836 -0.1057 0.0779 12442.71 11056.1 0.678 0.3622449
4 12665 -0.1836 -0.0794 0.1042 12368.76 11129.7 0.678 0.2693878
5 12665 -0.1836 -0.0530 0.1306 12295 11203.4 0.678 0.2030612
6 12665 -0.1836 -0.0265 0.1571 12221.47 11277.4 0.678 0.1632653
7 12665 -0.1836 0.0000 0.1836 12148.3 11351.8 0.678 0.15
8 12665 -0.1836 0.0265 0.2101 12075.57 11426.6 0.678 0.1632653
9 12665 -0.1836 0.0530 0.2366 12003.37 11501.9 0.678 0.2030612
10 12665 -0.1836 0.0794 0.2630 11931.77 11577.8 0.678 0.2693878
11 12665 -0.1836 0.1057 0.2893 11860.86 11654.5 0.678 0.3622449
12 12665 -0.1836 0.1319 0.3155 11790.72 11731.9 0.678 0.4816327
12.40 12665 -0.1836 0.1423 0.3259 11763 11763.0 0.678 0.5366803
13 12665 -0.1836 0.1579 0.3415 11721.42 11810.1 0.678 0.627551
14 12665 -0.1836 0.1836 0.7087 10883.73 11119.9 0.678 0.8
14 12665 0.1836 0.1836 0.7087 10883.73 11119.9 0.678 0.8
15 12665 0.1836 0.2091 0.0255 12468.56 12852.3 0.678 0.9989796
16 12665 0.1836 0.2344 0.0508 12397.08 12928.3 0.678 1.2244898
17 12665 0.1836 0.2593 0.0757 12326.75 13005.5 0.678 1.4765306
18 12665 0.1836 0.2840 0.1003 12257.62 13083.9 0.678 1.755102
19 12665 0.1836 0.3082 0.1246 12189.73 13163.5 0.678 2.0602041
20 12665 0.1836 0.3321 0.1485 12123.11 12123.1 0.678 2.3918367
21 12665 0.1836 0.3556 0.1720 12057.79 12057.8 0.678 2.75
22 12665 0.1836 0.3787 0.1951 11993.79 11993.8 0.678 3.1346939
23 12665 0.1836 0.4014 0.2178 11931.13 11931.1 0.678 3.5459184
24 12665 0.1836 0.4237 0.2401 11869.81 11869.8 0.678 3.9836735
25 12665 0.1836 0.4455 0.2619 11809.84 11809.8 0.678 1.2377551
26 12665 0.1836 0.4669 0.2833 11751.22 11751.2 0.678 1.1183673
27 12665 0.1836 0.4878 0.3042 11693.94 11693.9 0.678 0.972449
28 12665 0.1836 0.5083 0.3247 11638 11638.0 0.678 0.8

4. Pérdida por Hundimiento de cuña

𝑋=√((∆𝑙 𝐸_𝑝)/𝛽) 𝛽=((𝑓_𝑝𝑗−𝑓_𝑝𝐵 ))/(𝐿⁄2)

∆𝑓_(𝑝,𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑢ñ𝑎)=2𝛽𝑋

β= 0.737626 kg/cm3 ∆fp,descuñ a= 1829.1723 kg/cm2

X= 1239.905 cm fpi 0= 10835.468

X= 12.40 m

5. Pérdida por acortamiento elástico SE TIENE PERDIDA POR ACORTAMIENTO ELAS

Para vigas:
𝑓𝑐=−𝑃_𝑖/𝐴_𝑐 (1+𝑒^2/𝑟^2 )+(𝑀_0 𝑒)/𝐼_𝑐 ∆𝑓_(𝑝,𝑠ℎ)=1/2 𝑛_𝑐𝑖 𝑓𝑐

6. Pérdida por Flujo Plástico Cu= 2.35

𝑓_𝑐𝑖=−(0.9𝑃_𝑖)/𝐴_𝑐 (1+𝑒^2/𝑟^
𝑛_𝑝=𝐸_𝑃/𝐸_𝑐
∆𝑓_(𝑝,𝑓𝑝𝑐)=𝐶_𝑢 𝑛_𝑃 𝑓_𝑐𝑖

Correcció n por edad de carga t= edad de carga

Curado con humedad: Carga mayor a 7 días 𝐹_(𝑒.𝑐.)=1.25 𝑡_(𝑒.𝑐.)^(−0.118)

Curado con vapor: Carga mayor a 1 días 𝐹_(𝑒.𝑐.)=1.13 𝑡_(𝑒.𝑐.)^(−0.095)

Correcció n por Humedad Relativa 𝐹_(ℎ.𝑟.)=1.27−0.0067𝐻

7. Pérdida por Retracción εshu corr= 4E-04

Para concreto curado con humedad
∆𝑓_(𝑝,𝑠ℎ)=𝜀_𝑠ℎ 𝐸_𝑃 𝜀_(𝑠ℎ,𝑡)=𝑡/(35+𝑡) 𝜀_(𝑠ℎ,𝑢)

εshu= 7E-04
t= 3 dias Para 40<H<80% =====> Fsh,h=1.40-.010H
εsht= 0.051724 Para 80<H<100% =====> Fsh,h=3.00-.030H
Fsh,h= 0.55

8. Pérdida por Relajamiento del acero t= 62050 hrs

Acero de relajación Normal Acero de baja relajación

∆𝑓_(𝑝.𝑟𝑒𝑙)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/10 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖)/𝑓_𝑝𝑦 −0.55) ∆𝑓_(𝑝.𝑟𝑒𝑙)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 (
∆𝑓_(𝑝.𝑟𝑒𝑙)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/10 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖)/𝑓_𝑝𝑦 −0.55) ∆𝑓_(𝑝.𝑟𝑒𝑙)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 (
 Sección
1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

𝐼_𝑥=𝐼_𝑖+𝐴_𝑖×𝑦_𝑖^2
𝐴_𝑖 ∗𝑦_𝑖)/(∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒𝐴_𝑖
𝐼=(𝑎×𝑏^3)/12 )
𝐼_0=𝐼_𝑥−𝐴_0×𝑦_𝑐𝑔^2

Ai*yi Ii (m4) Ai*yi2

0.17625 0.0003 0.20709
0.117 0.0122 0.07605
0.012 0.0004 0.0012
0.30525 0.01283 0.28434

I0= 0.09011 (m4)

r2= 0.2003 m2
x y
0 0.8
1 0.62755
2 0.48163
3 0.36224
4 0.26939
5 0.20306
6 0.16327
7 0.15
8 0.16327
9 0.20306
10 0.26939
11 0.36224
12 0.48163
12.40 0.53668
13 0.62755
14 0.8
14 0.8
15 0.99898
16 1.22449
17 1.47653
18 1.7551
19 2.0602
20 2.39184
21 2.75
22 3.13469
23 3.54592
 24 3.98367
25 1.23776
26 1.11837
27 0.97245
28 0.8

25

𝑓𝑐=−𝑃_𝑖/𝐴_𝑐 (1+𝑒^2/𝑟^2 )+(𝑀_0 𝑒)

tan θ=𝑚=2𝑎𝑥+𝑏⇒ θ=𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(2𝑎𝑥+𝑏)

−(𝐾𝐿+𝜇𝛼" " ) ) pérdidas diferidas
Flujo plá stico
Mo Md Ml fc Δfpae fpi
e (m) Pi tn %Pinst Pi fci
tn-m tn-m tn-m (tn/m2) kg/cm2
-0.122 0 0 0 405 -966.5284 -332.37 10503 17% 373.2 -801.57
0.051 -0.54 -0.588 -0.175 405 -911.6888 -313.51 10596 16% 376.5 -763.09
0.197 -2.16 -2.352 -0.7 405 -1075.418 -369.82 10613 16% 377.1 -906.57
0.316 -4.86 -5.292 -1.575 405 -1354.561 -465.81 10590 16% 376.3 -1152.2
0.409 -8.64 -9.408 -2.8 405 -1664.321 -572.33 10557 17% 375.1 -1432.2
0.475 -13.5 -14.7 -4.375 405 -1938.267 -666.54 10537 17% 374.4 -1694
0.515 -19.44 -21.168 -6.3 405 -2128.33 -731.89 10546 17% 374.7 -1899.2
0.528 -26.46 -28.812 -8.575 405 -2204.802 -758.19 10594 16% 376.4 -2021.4
0.515 -34.56 -37.632 -11.2 405 -2156.337 -741.53 10685 16% 379.7 -2044.4
0.475 -43.74 -47.628 -14.175 405 -1989.954 -684.31 10818 15% 384.4 -1961.8
0.409 -54 -58.8 -17.5 405 -1731.031 -595.27 10983 13% 390.2 -1778.5
0.316 -65.34 -71.148 -21.175 405 -1423.311 -489.45 11165 12% 396.7 -1513.1
0.197 -77.76 -84.672 -25.2 405 -1128.897 -388.21 11344 10% 403.1 -1201.7
0.142 -83.0177 -90.397 -26.9 405 -1032.466 -355.05 11408 10% 405.3 -1076.3
0.051 -91.26 -99.372 -29.575 405 -928.2567 -319.21 11491 9% 408.3 -899.77
-0.122 -105.84 -115.25 -34.3 405 -920.2184 -316.45 10803 15% 383.9 -622.58
-0.122 -105.84 -115.25 -34.3 405 -920.2184 -316.45 10803 15% 383.9 -592.7
-0.321 -121.5 -132.3 -39.375 405 -1221.973 -420.21 12432 2% 441.7 -642.04
-0.546 -138.24 -150.53 -44.8 405 -1969.075 -677.13 12251 3% 435.3 -831.01
-0.798 -156.06 -169.93 -50.575 405 -3315.44 -1140.1 11865 6% 421.6 -1336.2
-1.077 -174.96 -190.51 -56.7 405 -5433.345 -1868.4 11215 11% 398.5 -2120.3
-1.382 -194.94 -212.27 -63.175 405 -8513.431 -2927.6 10236 19% 363.7 -2983.6
-1.714 -216 -235.2 -70 405 -12764.7 -4389.6 7734 39% 274.8 -7896.5
-2.072 -26.46 -28.812 -8.575 405 -19991.6 -6874.8 5183 59% 184.2 -7630.8
-2.456 -19.44 -21.168 -6.3 405 -27845.68 -9575.6 2418 81% 85.9 -4829.6
-2.868 -13.5 -14.7 -4.375 405 -37717.77 -12970 -1039 108% -36.9 3495.27
-3.305 -8.64 -9.408 -2.8 405 -49899 -17159 -5290 142% -187.9 21136
-0.559 -4.86 -5.292 -1.575 405 -2296.732 -789.81 11020 13% 391.6 -1988
-0.440 -2.16 -2.352 -0.7 405 -1766.817 -607.58 11144 12% 396.0 -1553.9
 -0.294 -0.54 -0.588 -0.175 405 -1288.206 -442.99 11251 11% 399.8 -1144.9
-0.122 0 0 0 405 -966.5284 -332.37 11306 11% 401.7 -862.81

POR ACORTAMIENTO ELASTICO PARA ELEMENTOS CON MAS DE UN TENDÓ N SI SE TIENE UN TENDON NO E
Para losas:
=1/2 𝑛_𝑐𝑖 𝑓𝑐 ∆𝑓_(𝑝,𝑠ℎ)=1/4 𝑛_𝑐𝑖 𝑓𝑐

Cucorr= 1.6758

(0.9𝑃_𝑖)/𝐴_𝑐 (1+𝑒^2/𝑟^2 )+(𝑀_(𝑐, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠) 𝑒)/𝐼_𝑐

Fe.c.= 1.01801

Fh.r.= 0.7005

Para concreto curado con vapor

𝜀_(𝑠ℎ,𝑡)=𝑡/(55+𝑡) 𝜀_(𝑠ℎ,𝑢)

Fsh,h=1.40-.010H
Fsh,h=3.00-.030H

Acero de baja relajación

)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖)/𝑓_𝑝𝑦 −0.55)
)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖)/𝑓_𝑝𝑦 −0.55)
"Escriba aquí la ecuación."
 𝑓_𝑐𝑖=−(0.9𝑃_𝑖)/𝐴_𝑐
1+𝑒^2/𝑟^2 )+(𝑀_0 𝑒)/𝐼_𝑐 (1+𝑒^2/𝑟^2 )+(𝑀_(𝑐, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠) 𝑒)/𝐼_𝑐
∆𝑓_(𝑝.𝑟𝑒𝑙)=0.9𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖

pérdidas diferidas
Flujo plá stico RetraccióRelajació n

Δfpfp Δfpsh Δfprel fpe

Pe tn %perd dif %PER T
kg/cm2
-876.45 -709.73 -43.09 8874 315.305 16% 33%
-834.38 -709.73 -48.77 9003 319.884 15% 31%
-991.26 -709.73 -49.838 8862 314.883 16% 33% 17500

-1259.8 -709.73 -48.444 8572 304.592 19% 35%

16500
-1566 -709.73 -46.412 8235 292.614 22% 39%
-1852.3 -709.73 -45.156 7930 281.759 25% 42% 15500
-2076.7 -709.73 -45.686 7713 274.075 27% 44%
-2210.2 -709.73 -48.649 7625 270.931 28% 44% 14500
-2235.4 -709.73 -54.356 7686 273.085 28% 44%
-2145.1 -709.73 -62.787 7900 280.702 27% 42% 13500

-1944.7 -709.73 -73.546 8255 293.304 25% 38%

12500
-1654.5 -709.73 -85.788 8715 309.661 22% 34%
-1314 -709.73 -98.123 9222 327.67 19% 29% 11500
-1176.9 -709.73 -102.65 9419 334.665 17% 27%
-983.83 -709.73 -108.55 9689 344.261 16% 25% 10500
-680.74 -709.73 -61.878 9351 332.264 13% 28%
-648.08 -709.73 -61.878 9384 333.424 13% 28% 9500
0 5
-702.02 -709.73 -180.74 10840 385.151 13% 15%
-908.65 -709.73 -166.12 10467 371.902 15% 18%
-1461 -709.73 -136.13 9559 339.633 19% 26%
-2318.4 -709.73 -89.237 8098 287.741 28% 39%
-3262.4 -709.73 -27.198 6237 221.6 39% 58%
-8634.3 -709.73 84.1479 -1526 -54.232 120% 159%
-8343.7 -709.73 127.914 -3743 -132.98 172% 231%
-5280.8 -709.73 95.8502 -3477 -123.53 244% 325%
3821.81 -709.73 -60.638 2012 71.4942 294% 402%
23110 -709.73 -430.24 16681 592.704 415% 557%
-2173.8 -709.73 -76.03 8060 286.406 27% 40%
-1699.1 -709.73 -84.335 8650 307.369 22% 34% 16681
 -1251.9 -709.73 -91.679 9198 326.811 18% 29%
-943.42 -709.73 -95.469 9557 339.58 15% 26% fpj

IENE UN TENDON NO EXISTE PÉ RDIDA POR ACORTAMIENTO ELÁ STICO

 S1 S2

q=1.1 Tn/m

36.00

0.80 0.80 0.80

0.15

12.00
S1
24.00 6.00 6.00

15.00
S2

1.80
1
0.04 7 Ø 2"

0.15
0.40 0.70 0.40

1.60

0.06 0.25
 1.60

0.06 0.25
3
9 Ø 4"
1.20

𝑓_𝑝𝑖 (log⁡(𝑡))/45 ((0.9 𝑓_𝑝𝑖)/𝑓_𝑝𝑦 −0.55)

Pérdidas por fricción

5 10 15 20 25 30

13882.4
< 0.9*fpy
25 30
Viga simplemente apoyada con voladizo
q

Ra L1

Reacciones
∑▒ 〖𝑀𝑏 =0 〗 ∑▒ 〖𝐹𝑣 =0 〗

𝐿1 𝑅𝑎−𝑞 𝐿1 𝐿1/2+𝑞 𝐿2 𝐿2/2=0

𝑅𝑎+𝑅𝑏−𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)=0
𝑅a=𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 )
𝑅𝑏=𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)−𝑅𝑎

𝑅𝑏=𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)−𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 )

Momentos x
q

Ra L1

𝑀𝑥=𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 ) 𝑥−𝑞 𝑥 𝑥/2

Si x<L1

𝑀𝑥=𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 ) 𝑥−(𝑞 𝑥^2)/2+⟨𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)(1−((𝐿1−𝐿2))/(2 𝐿1))(𝑥−𝐿1)

Si x>L1

q= 1.08 tn/m
L1= 14 m
L2= 14 m

x M
0 0 𝑀𝑥=𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 ) 𝑥−𝑞 𝑥 𝑥/2
1 -0.54
2 -2.16
3 -4.86
4 -8.64 M
-250

-200
 M
5 -13.5 -250
6 -19.44
7 -26.46
-200
8 -34.56
9 -43.74
10 -54 -150
11 -65.34
12 -77.76
12.40 -83.02 -100

13 -91.26
14 -105.84
-50
15 -121.5
16 -138.24
0 5 10 15
17 -156.06 0
18 -174.96
𝑀𝑥=𝑞/(2 𝐿1) ( 〖𝐿 1 〗 ^2− 〖𝐿 2 〗 ^2 ) 𝑥−(𝑞 𝑥^2)/2+⟨𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)(1−((𝐿1−𝐿2))/(2 𝐿1
19 -194.94
20 -216
21 -26.46
22 -19.44
23 -13.5
24 -8.64
25 -4.86
26 -2.16
27 -0.54
28 0
 L2
Rb

𝑅𝑏=𝑞(𝐿1+𝐿2)(1−1/(2 𝐿1) (𝐿1−𝐿2))

L2
Rb

1−((𝐿1−𝐿2))/(2 𝐿1))(𝑥−𝐿1)⟩

M
 M

0 15 20 25 30

(𝐿1+𝐿2)(1−((𝐿1−𝐿2))/(2 𝐿1))(𝑥−𝐿1)⟩
Rc