𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙

𝑈𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝐸. 𝑉. 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑙. 𝑑.

𝑠𝑖 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠
𝑈𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝐸. 𝑉. 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑙. 𝑖.
𝑠𝑖 𝑛í𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎:
1) 𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢, 𝑣, … , 𝑤 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑑. 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖
𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑢 + 𝑏𝑣 + ⋯ + 𝑐𝑤 = 0 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠, 𝑠𝑖 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏, . . , 𝑐 ≠ 0,0, … , 0 , 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖
𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠

2) 𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑢, 𝑣, … , 𝑤 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑉 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑖. 𝑠𝑖 𝑦 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑖

𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑢 + 𝑏𝑣 + ⋯ + 𝑐𝑤 = 0 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠:
𝑎, 𝑏, . . , 𝑐 = (0,0, … , 0)
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜
𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑦 cos 𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑖.
𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑑. , 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏 ≠ 0,0 … … . 1
𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑏 cos 𝑡 = 0 ∀ 𝑡𝜖𝑅 … … (2)

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡 = 0 → 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 0 + 𝑏 cos 0 = 0

0 + 𝑏(1) = 0 → 𝑏 = 0

𝐸𝑛 2 : 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 0 = 0 → 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0 ∀ 𝑡𝜖𝑅

𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐴: 𝐸𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡 = 𝜋/2 → 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜋/2 = 0 𝑎 𝑢𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜
𝑎 1 = 0 → 𝑎 = 0 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜
→ 𝑎, 𝑏 = 0,0 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 (1) 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑖. , 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟
𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑑𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑡 𝑦 cos 𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑖. 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙. 𝑑.