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China contemporánea
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DIPLOMACIA DE LA REPÚBLICA
POPULAR CHINA
EUGENIO ANGUIANO
Centro de Estudios de Asia y África
El Colegio de México
179
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180 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
UN PREÁMBULO OBLIGADO
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182 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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1 Alemania decidió declarar la guerra a Estados Unidos tan pronto esta nación
se encontró en estado de beligerancia contra Japón, luego del sorpresivo ataque
aéreo nipón contra la base de Pearl Harbor. Esta ac~itud de Hitler contrasta con
la asumida por Tokio, que simplemente mantuvo su acuerdo de no agresión con la
URSS, cuando ésta se vio obligada a entrar en guerra con los alemanes en el vera-
no de 1941.
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184 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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186 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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188 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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190 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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DIPLOMACIA DE LA REPÚBUCA POPULAR CHINA 191
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192 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
esquema político del nuevo Estado chino que, sin duda al-
guna, tendría que constituirse muy pronto. Así, con motivo
del 28 aniversario de la fundación del Partido Comunista de
China, el 30 de junio, Mao presentó su discurso "sobre la
dictadura democrática popular", en el que, además de reite-
rar las características de la nueva China -una democracia
popular de frente unido dirigida por el PCC-, definió la
postura internacional del nuevo régimen como la de "incli-
nación a un solo lado"; 3 es decir, la alineación de China con
el bloque comunista liderado por la Unión Soviética.
Tal definición política puso fin a las especulaciones de
que Mao podría seguir una línea similar a la de Tito, y tam-
bién a los coqueteos de los comunistas chinos con Estados
U nidos. En cuanto a lo segundo, el propio Mao había in-
cluido frases conciliatorias hacia los estadunidenses en su
informe al segundo pleno del VII Comité Central del parti-
do (marzo de 1949) y, entre mayo y junio, el PCC tuvo contac-
tos secretos en Nanjing con el embajador John Leighton
Stuart, un académico que había enseñado en la Universidad
de Yenching (Beijing) y que, desde julio de 1946, sustituía a ·
Hurley como representante de Washington ante un gobier-
no nacionalista que se hallaba en plena fuga al sur del país.
El representante chino fue Huang Hua, ex pupilo de Stuart
y futuro ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de la República
Popular (la existencia de estos contactos se hizo de dominio
público apenas en enero de 1973, casi 24 años después). Lo
curioso es que el mismo día ( 1 de julio) en que el embajador
Stuart recibía instrucciones de su gobierno de suspender todo
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194 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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196 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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198 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
LA GUERRA DE COREA
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200 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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202 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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204 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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LA LÍNEA DE BANDUNG
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206 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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208 CHINA COI'HEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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210 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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212 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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214 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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216 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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218 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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220 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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222 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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224 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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226 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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228 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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230 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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232 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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234 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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236 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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238 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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DIPLOMACIA DE LA REPÚBLICA POPULAR CHINA 239
APERTURA POLÍTICA:
LOS ÚLTIMOS AÑOS DE LA ERA MAO
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240 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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242 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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244 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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246 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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248 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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250 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
TRANSICIÓN ( 1976-1982)
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252 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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254 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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256 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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258 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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260 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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262 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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264 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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266 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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268 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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270 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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272 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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274 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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276 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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278 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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CONCLUSIÓN
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280 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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282 CHINA CONTEMPORÁNEA. lA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PAÍS
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BIBLIOGRAFÍA
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