WORKSHOP 4- PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT John hasn't been eating well for weeks.

CONTINUOS TENSES
(Hace tiempo que John no come bien.)      

PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO. Presente perfecto continuo - el uso en la vida real:

LO BÁSICO - LA ESTRUCTURA DE PRESENTE PERFECTO Comparar las acciones terminadas y las acciones continuas.
CONTINUO:

Tanto presente perfecto simple y continuo tienen un vínculo

Sigue la sintaxis y estructura parecida a otros tiempos
con el presente:
verbales continuos en inglés:

I've done three English exercises since 6 o'clock.

Sujeto + auxiliar "have" or "has" + been + verbo raíz + ing.
(He hecho tres ejercicios de inglés desde las seis.)

It has been raining all day.

I've been doing three English exercises since 6 o'clock.
(Lleva todo el día lloviendo.)
(Estoy haciendo tres ejercicios de inglés desde las seis.)

I've been working here for six months now.

En la primera frase (forma simple), el hablante quiere decir
(Trabajo aquí desde hace seis meses.)
que empezó los ejercicios a las seis y que ahora están
terminados. La segunda frase (forma continua) expresa una
John has been going out with Mary since March last year.
acción que empezó en el pasado (a las seis) y sigue en el
(John sale con Mary desde marzo del año pasado.)
presente y la acción probablemente va a seguir (la acción

  continúa).

La forma interrogativa: Esta idea de acciones terminadas en presente perfecto simple

y de acciones continuadas en presente perfecto continuo
Hacemos inversión entre el auxiliar "have" o "has" con el también se ve en estos ejemplos:
sujeto:
I've read your report. It was very interesting. (acción
Have you been waiting long? terminada)
(¿Llevas mucho tiempo esperando?) (He leído tu informe. Era muy interesante.)

Has he been watching television since he came home from I've been reading your report. It seems very interesting. (acción
work? no terminada)
(¿Ve la tele desde el momento que llegó a casa de trabajar?) (He estado leyendo tu informe. Me parece muy interesante.)

 
Acciones temporales.
La forma negativa:
Luego existe la idea de que una acción es sólo temporal con
Empleamos "not" que combina con el auxiliar "have" o "has" presente perfecto continuo:
para formar una frase negativa:
I've been staying with my parents for a few weeks until I find a
I haven't been jogging recently. job.
(Últimamente no hago footing.) (Estoy viviendo con mis padres hasta que encuentre trabajo.)
...mientras presente perfecto simple expresa una situación It's been cloudy all morning.
más permanente: (Está nublado toda la mañana.)

She's driven the same car all her life. I've liked that boy for a long time now.
(Conduce el mismo coche durante toda su vida.) (Hace tiempo que me gusta ese chico.)

El resultado de una acción. PASADO PERFECTO CONTINUO.

El uso de presente perfecto continuo y la conexión con el El past perfect continuous se diferencia del "past perfect" en
que pone el énfasis en la acción en desarrollo, mientras que el
presente se ve cuando vemos el resultado de alguna acción
"past perfect" la contempla como acabada.
recientemente terminada:
She had been crying when I found her.
- Why are you so hot? - I've been running.
(- ¿Por qué tienes tanto calor? - He estado haciendo footing.) Había estado llorando cuando la encontré (énfasis en la
duración de la acción).
- You're covered in paint! - Yes, I've been painting the house She had cried when I found her.
all morning.
(- ¡Estás todo manchado de pintura! - Sí, llevo toda la mañana Había llorado cuando la encontré (acción finalizada).
pintando la casa.)
Formación del 'past perfect continuous'

En este último caso (3), el presente perfecto simple no es Afirmativo

posible como respuesta porque no enfatiza una acción
continuada. Comparamos con este próximo ejemplo: Sujeto + had + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...

(Un marido entra con una lámpara rota en la mano. Su mujer Forma LARGA Forma CORTA

dice:) "Oh, no. What have you done?!" (¿¡Qué has hecho!?) I had been working I'd been working
"I've broken the lamp." (He roto la lámpara.)
You had been working You'd been working
En esta situación, la mujer se preocupa también por un hecho He had been working He'd been working
terminado pero uno que pasa en un momento dado - la rotura
de la lámpara ocurrió en un instante.       She had been working She'd been working

It had been working It'd been working

Verbos que no se utilizan normalmente en presente perfecto
continuo. We had been working We'd been working

Como en el caso de todos los aspectos continuos del verbo, You had been working You'd been working
hay que recordar que normalmente no podemos hacer la
They had been working They'd been working
forma continua de algunos verbos que expresan us estado:
"have" (tener posesivo), "be" (ser), "like" (gustar), "see" (ver I'd been cooking for you. Había estado cocinando para ti.
con los ojos) etc. En estos casos, empleamospresente
You had been reading since Habías estado leyendo desde
perfecto simple aunque expresen una acción que continúe: this morning. esta mañana.

I've had these shoes a week. He'd been playing the piano. Había estado tocando el piano.
(Llevo una semana con estos zapatos.)
She had been living here. Había estado viviendo aquí.
It'd been ringing for ten Había estado sonando durante We had not been playing No habíamos estado jugando al
minutes. diez minutos. football. fútbol.

Habíamos estado estudiando You had not been No habíais estado arreglando el
We had been studying Maths.
matemáticas. gardening all day. jardín todo el día.

You'd been playing football. Habíais estado jugando al fútbol. They hadn´t been waiting No habían estado esperando dos
for two hours. horas.
They had been riding a Habían estado montando a
horse. caballo.
Interrogativo

Negativo Afirmativo

El negativo tiene dos formas: Had + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing

Forma larga Sujeto + had + not + been + v. en forma -ing + ... Negativo
Had + sujeto + not + been + verbo en forma -ing
Forma corta Sujeto + hadn't + been + v. en forma -ing + ...
Hadn't + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing
Forma larga Forma corta
Afirmativo Negativo
I had not been working I hadn't been working
Had I been Had I not been Hadn't I been
You had not been working You hadn't been working
working? working? working?
He had not been working He hadn't been working
Had you been Had you not been Hadn't you been
She had not been working She hadn't been working working? working? working?

It had not been working It hadn't been working Had he been Had he not been Hadn't he been
working? working? working?
We had not been working We hadn't been working
Had she been Had she not been Hadn't she been
You had not been working You hadn't been working working? working? working?

They had not been working They hadn't been working Had it been Had it not been Hadn't it been
working? working? working?
Ejemplos
Had we been Had we not been Hadn't we been
I hadn´t been painting your working? working? working?
No había estado pintando tu casa.
house.
Had you been Had you not been Hadn't you been
You had not been teaching No habías estado enseñándome working? working? working?
me anything. nada.
Had they been Had they not been Hadn't they been
He hadn't been living here. No había estado viviendo aquí. working? working? working?
She had not been reading
No había estado leyendo mi libro.
my book. Ejemplos
Had I been dancing for too ¿Había estado bailando mucho
It hadn't been raining since No había estado lloviendo desde long? tiempo?
April. abril.
When had you been ¿Cuándo habías estado
learning karate? aprendiendo kárate?
Had he not been drinking 5. How long ....................................... your
¿No había estado bebiendo mucho?
too much? father ....................................... (work) for the company when
he retired?
Why had she been crying? ¿Por qué había estado llorando?
C. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or expression.
Had it been barking the ¿Había estado ladrando durante
whole night? toda la noche? for ■ by tomorrow ■ so far ■ the week before
■ since
Hadn´t we been driving ¿No habíamos estado conduciendo
since that morning? desde aquella mañana? 1. Our TV hasn’t been working .......................... last week.

Had you been sleeping in ¿Habíais estado durmiendo en su 2. The Browns invited us to dinner although we had only
their house? casa? met .......................... .

Where had you been ¿Dónde habíais estado plantando 3. They will have finished painting the house .......................... .
planting new roses? las rosas nuevas?
4. We had been writing .......................... nearly an hour when
the bell rang.

A. Choose the correct answer. 5. They have interviewed three suspects .......................... .

1. I love this writer’s books. I (have been reading / had been D Choose the correct answer.
reading) them for years.
1. Don’t come before seven. I .......................... my homework.
2. His clothes were dirty because he (has been working / had
a. haven’t finished
been working) in the garden.
b. won’t have finished
3. Where have you been? We (had been waiting / have been
waiting) for you for ages. c. hadn’t finished
4. He hasn’t decided on a career yet, but he (has been thinking 2. She loves animals. She .......................... a dog for as long
/ had been thinking) about it lately. as she can remember.
5. After she (has been playing / had been playing) the violin for a. has had
ten years, she joined an orchestra.
b. had had

c. will have had

B Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
brackets. Use the Present Perfect Continuous or the Past 3. Jack wanted to know why Sally .......................... to him yet.
Perfect Continuous.
a. hasn’t written
1. Mike has never had an accident and
he ....................................... (drive) for years. b. hasn’t been writing

2. She had no idea it was so late because c. hadn’t written

she ....................................... (not / watch) the time. 4. We .......................... him, so we were very surprised to see
3. “ ....................................... (you / take) your medicine him.
regularly, Mrs Smith?” “Yes, doctor.” a. haven’t been expecting
4. They eventually found the dog after b. haven’t expected
they ....................................... (look) for it all night.
c. hadn’t been expecting
5. His playing has improved because he .......................... all G. Fill in the following sentences by using PAST PERFECT
month. CONTINUOUS TENSE:

a. will have practised 1. We ………………………………………………… (play)

football for half an hour when it started to rain.
b. has been practising
2. I …………………………………………………. (study)
c. had practised English for a short time when the electricity went off.
E. Correct the errors in the following sentences. 3. She ……………………………………………… (do) her
homework before you came in.
1. Jane has lost weight. She had been dieting for months
now. ........................................................................................... 4. His knees and hands were very dirty. He
................................ ………………………………………….. (crawl) in the garden.
2. Everything was white when we woke up because it has been 5. I ……………………………………………… (drive) the car for
snowing all five years when I sold it.
night. ..........................................................................................
................................. 6. We were very tired. We
………………………………………………. (travel) for about
3. I was so happy when he asked me to marry him. I have sixteen hours.
been loving him for
years. ......................................................................................... 7. They were out of breath. They
.................................. ……………………………………………… (run) for a long time.

4. That man is making me nervous. He has stared at me all 8. He ……………………………………………. (live) in London
evening. ..................................................................................... for ten years when he had an accident.
......................................
9. He was tired because he
5. Hurry up, or they have sold all the tickets by the time we get ……………………………………………….. (write) letters all
there. .......................................................................................... morning.
.................................
10. He …………………………………………….. (repair) the
F. Past Perfect Tense & Past Perfect Continuous radio for an hour when you arrived.

Read the passage and answer the questions: H. Fill in the following sentences by using PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS TENSE:
I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small
village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On 1. I was tired because I ………………………………………….
the way a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked (type) for a long time.
me for a lift. After he had got into the car, I said good morning
to him in French and he replied in the same language. Except 2. Her boss was very angry with her because she
a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us …………………………………………. (come) to work very late.
spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when 3. I didn’t know about the earthquake because I
the young man suddenly said, very slowly, “Do you speak ……………………………………… (not / watch) television.
English?” As I soon learned, he was English himself! 1.
4. She was too fat because she
When did the writer drive on to the next town? …………………………………………….. (not / keep) her
……………………………………………………………………… doctor’s advice.
…….. 2. When did he say good morning to the man in French?
……………………………………………………………….. 3. 5. I took my car to the garage because the brakes
When did the young man say, “Do you speak English?” ……………………………………………. (not / work).
…………………………………………………………..
6. She had to go to the dentist because she
………………………………………. (not / clean) her teeth.

7. He got bad marks because he

…………………………………………… (not / study) hard.

8. She wasn’t at home. She

……………………………………………. (go) out with her
boyfriend.

9. I thought I ……………………………………………………
(behave) like an ididot.

10. He ……………………………………………….. (study)

English) very hard for the last few days.

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