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Ejemplos:
𝑢4 1
1. ∫(𝑥 2 − 9)3 (2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 = +𝐶 = (𝑥 2 − 9)4 + 𝐶
4 4
𝑢 = 𝑥2 − 9
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 3
+1
1 1
1 𝑢2 1 𝑢2 12 3 1 3
2. ∫ √2𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ √𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 2
∫ 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢 = [
2 1+1
]+ 𝐶= [ ]+
2 3
𝐶= 23
𝑢2 +𝐶 = 3
𝑢2 + 𝐶
2 2
1 3
= (2𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝐶
3
𝑢 = 2𝑥 − 1 √2𝑥 − 1 = √𝑢
Prof. María Guadalupe Castillo
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2
6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢⁄ 1 1 𝑢−2 1
3. ∫ (4𝑥 3−9)3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2
= ∫ 𝑢−3 𝑑𝑢 = ( −2 ) + 𝐶 = +𝐶 =
𝑢3 2 2 −4𝑢2
1
𝑢 = 4𝑥 3 − 9 = +𝐶
−4(4𝑥 3 −9)2
𝑑𝑢 = 12𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 6𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢 1 1 1
4. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 ( 3 ) = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − 3 cos 𝑢 + 𝐶 = − 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 3 + 𝐶
3
𝑢 = 𝑥3
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥 𝑥
5. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 (2) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢(2𝑑𝑢) = 2 ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑 𝑢 = −2 cot 𝑢 + 𝐶 = −2 cot (2) + 𝐶
𝑥
𝑢=
2
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2
2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
1 3
1 +1 3 3
𝑢2 𝑢2 2 2
6. ∫ √tan 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 =
2 2 1 +𝐶 = 3 +𝐶 = 𝑢2 + 𝐶 = (tan 𝑥)2 + 𝐶
+1 3 3
2 2
2
= 3 tan 𝑥 √tan 𝑥 + 𝐶 √(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)3 = √𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑢 = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1 3 1
𝑢+4 𝑑𝑢 1 1
7. ∫ 𝑥√3𝑥 − 4𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( ) 𝑢2 ( 3 ) = ∫(𝑢 + 4)𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ (𝑢2 + 4𝑢2 ) 𝑑𝑢 =
3 9 9
3 1 5
1 𝑢2+1 𝑢2+1 1 𝑢2 2 3 1 2 5 8 3
= [ +4 ]+𝐶 = [ + 4 ( ) 𝑢2 ] + 𝐶 = [ 𝑢2 + 𝑢2 ] + 𝐶 =
9 3+1 1 9 5 3 9 5 3
2 2+1 2
2 5 8 3
= (3𝑥 − 4)2 + (3𝑥 − 4)2 + 𝐶
45 27
𝑢 = 3𝑥 − 4 3𝑥 = 𝑢 + 4
𝑢+4
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 𝑥= 3
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
3
Prof. María Guadalupe Castillo