Teoria de Circuitos Problemas Mujal Roses Ramon PDF

ENGINYERIES
INDUSTRIALS
UPCGRAU
Teoría de circuitos. Problemas
Ramón Mujal Roses

Marc Marín Genescà
ALVAR AALTO. Una arquitectura dialógica
2 ARQUITECTONICS
ENGINYERIES
INDUSTRIALS
UPCGRAU
Teoría de circuitos. Problemas
Ramón Mujal Roses

Marc Marín Genescà
Primera edición: març de 2016
© Los autores, 2016
© Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2016

Oficina de Publicacions Acadèmiques Digitals de la UPC
Jordi Girona, 31
Edifici Torre Girona, Planta 1, 08034 Barcelona
Tel.: 934 015 885
www.upc.edu/idp
E-mail: info.idp@upc.edu
Depósito legal: B 6733-2016

ISBN: 978-84-9880-580-2
Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra sólo puede realizarse con la autorización de
sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista en la ley.
Índice
ËQGLFH
,QWURGXFFLyQJHQHUDO
352%/(0$6'(&255,(17(&217,18$
$VRFLDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLDV
$VRFLDFLyQ\WUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHIXHQWHVGHHQHUJtD
'LIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLDO\EDODQFHGHSRWHQFLDV
0pWRGRVGH.LUFKKRIIGHODVPDOODV\GHORVQXGRV
7HRUHPDVHOpFWULFRV
7KpYHQLQ1RUWRQ\Pi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD
352%/(0$6'(&255,(17($/7(51$
&LUFXLWRVHOpFWULFRVHQDOWHUQD
5HSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiILFD
)LOWURV(OHFWULFRV(Q$OWHUQD
&LUFXLWRVPDJQpWLFDPHQWHDFRSODGRV
5HVRQDQFLDHQFLUFXLWRVHOpFWULFRV
7UDQVLWRULRVHQFLUFXLWRVHOpFWULFRV
&iOFXORGHSRWHQFLDVHQFLUFXLWRVPRQRIiVLFRV
&LUFXLWRVHOpFWULFRVWULIiVLFRV
352%/(0$6'(6,67(0$6'(',675,%8&,Ï1
6LVWHPDVGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFD
)2508/$5,2
7$%/$6
3
Introducción general
(VWDREUDSUHWHQGHVHUXQDUHFRSLODFLyQGHHQXQFLDGRVGHSUREOHPDVFRQVXVUHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVSHQVDGRVSDUDODVDVLJQDWXUDVHOpFWULFDVGHJUDGRGHODVLQJHQLHUtDVLQGXVWULDOHV
DFWXDOHV \ SRU WDQWR ~WLOHV SDUD ORV DOXPQRV TXH VH LQLFLDQ HQ HVWDV PDWHULDV
&RQFUHWDPHQWH OD REUD FRQVWD GH SUREOHPDV GH ORV FXDOHV VRQ GH FRUULHQWH
FRQWLQXD\HOUHVWRGHFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDGLYLGLGRVHQTXLQFHFDStWXORVRVHFFLRQHV
/RVSULPHURVVLHWHFDStWXORVHVWiQGHGLFDGRVDODFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD(QHOORVVHH[SRQHQ
ORV PpWRGRV ORV WHRUHPDV \ GHPiV SULQFLSLRV HOpFWULFRV EiVLFRV 3RU WDQWR HV REOLJDGR
UHVROYHUHVWRVSUREOHPDVDQWHVGHSDVDUDORVRFKRFDStWXORVUHVWDQWHVGHFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD
HQTXHHVWRVSULQFLSLRV\DVHGDQSRUFRQRFLGRV
(O ~OWLPR FDStWXOR GHGLFDGR D ORV VLVWHPDV HOpFWULFRV GH GLVWULEXFLyQ YLHQH D VHU XQD
DSOLFDFLyQ SUiFWLFD GH WRGR OR DSUHQGLGR \ VLUYH DO OHFWRU SDUD SDVDU GH ORV HMHUFLFLRV
SXUDPHQWHWHyULFRVDODSUHQGL]DMHHQODUHDOL]DFLyQGHSUR\HFWRVHOpFWULFRVGHEDMDWHQVLyQ
(VSRUHOORTXHFDGDFDStWXORHPSLH]DFRQSUREOHPDVPX\EiVLFRV\QRUPDOPHQWHFRUWRV
DSWRVSDUDGDUORVSULPHURVSDVRVHQFDGD XQDGHODV VHFFLRQHV \SURJUHVLYDPHQWHVH YD
SDVDQGR D SUREOHPDV GH PiV QLYHO GH GLILFXOWDG PHGLD < ILQDOPHQWH HQ FDGD FDStWXOR
ILJXUDQDOJXQRVSUREOHPDVTXH\DKDQDSDUHFLGRHQORVH[iPHQHVGHPiVQLYHO\PD\RU
FRPSOHMLGDGTXHSHUPLWHQDOOHFWRUFRPSUREDUVLKDDVLPLODGRHOWHPDGHIRUPDWRWDOPHQWH
VDWLVIDFWRULD
(Q GHILQLWLYD FRQ HVWD REUD VH SUHWHQGH RIUHFHU HQ XQ VROR OLEUR XQ FRPSHQGLR GH
SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV VROXFLRQHV VREUH XQD PDWHULD GH OD FXDO H[LVWHQ REUDV
WHyULFDVH[FHOHQWHVSHURTXHSDUDKDOODUSUREOHPDVHVQHFHVDULRFRQVXOWDUYDULDVREUDVFRQ
HOILQGHREWHQHUXQDYLVLyQJOREDO\QRVLHPSUHHVWRVSUREOHPDVYDQDFRPSDxDGRVGHVXV
UHVSHFWLYDVVROXFLRQHV(VWHOLEURSUHWHQGHFXEULUHVWDODJXQD\QRRIUHFHQLQJ~QSUREOHPD
VLQODFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVROXFLyQ
(QXQIXWXURSUy[LPR\DVHHVWiWUDEDMDQGRHQXQDQXHYDHGLFLyQGHOPLVPRTXHLQFOX\D
HQ FDGD FDStWXOR XQD VHOHFFLyQ GH SUREOHPDV WRWDOPHQWH UHVXHOWRV DVt FRPR XQD EUHYH
LQWURGXFFLyQWHyULFDFRQORFXDOHOPDQHMRGHOOLEURVHUiPiVDXWyQRPR\PiVYHUViWLO
5DPRQ0XMDO5RVHV
7HUUDVVDIHEUHURGH
5
PROBLEMAS DE CORRIENTE
CONTINUA
Asociación de resistencias
(VWH SULPHU FDStWXOR HVWi IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVVREUHFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD\HQFRQFUHWRVREUHODDVRFLDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLDV6RQ
ORVSULPHURVSUREOHPDVTXHGHEHQDVLPLODUVHSXHVWRTXHDOHVWDUIRUPDGRVSRUHOHPHQWRV
UHVLVWLYRV\HQFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD'&VHHOLPLQDHOIDFWRUWHPSRUDOFRQORFXDOHOFiOFXOR
UHVXOWDPXFKRPiVVHQFLOOR\HVPiVIiFLODVLPLODUORVFRQFHSWRV\ODVOH\HVDSOLFDGDV
(QFRQFUHWRWUDVODUHDOL]DFLyQGHHVWRVSUREOHPDVTXHVRQGHEUHYHHMHFXFLyQHODOXPQR
GHEHUtDKDEHUDVLPLODGRODVOH\HVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGHODHOHFWULFLGDGFRPROD/H\GH2KP
DVtFRPRODIRUPDGHFRQHFWDUORVHOHPHQWRVHOpFWULFRVHQHVWHFDVRUHVLVWHQFLDV<ORTXH
HVPiVLPSRUWDQWHGHSHQGLHQGRGHFDGDWLSRGHFRQH[LyQFyPR\FRQTXpKHUUDPLHQWDVHV
SRVLEOH UHVROYHU HVWRV SUREOHPDV 6H DQDOL]DUiQ OD DVRFLDFLyQ HQ VHULH HQ SDUDOHOR HQ
WULiQJXOR\HQHVWUHOOD\SDUDHOORHOHVWXGLDQWHGHEHUiVDEHUFyPRWUDQVIRUPDUXQFLUFXLWR
GHHVWUHOODDWULiQJXORRYLFHYHUVD\GHWHUPLQDUFXiQGRXQHOHPHQWRHOpFWULFRVHHQFXHQWUD
HQFRUWRFLUFXLWRFRQORFXDODHIHFWRVSUiFWLFRVHVWHHOHPHQWRQRFXHQWDSDUDORVFiOFXORV
/RV SUREOHPDV HVWiQ RUGHQDGRV GH PHQRU D PD\RU GLILFXOWDG \ DOJXQR GH HOORV HV GH
H[DPHQORFXDOSURSLFLDXQHVWXGLRPiVUHDOGHODPDWHULD
9
Problemas de teoría de circuitos
Problema 1.1
+DOODUODUHVLVWHQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHGHOFLUFXLWRHOpFWULFRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHYLVWDGHVGHHO
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ ȍ

ȍ
9
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.2
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.3
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
9
ȍ
10
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.4
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5 HT ȍ
Problema 1.5
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
ȍ
9
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
11
Problema 1.6
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.7
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.8
+DOODUODUHVLVWHQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHGHOFLUFXLWRHOpFWULFRGHODVLJXLHQWHILJXUDYLVWDGHVGHHO
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
12
ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ

Problema 1.9
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ

Problema 1.10
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ ȍ
ȍ
13
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.11
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.12
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.13
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
14
ȍ
9
ȍ
ȍ ȍ ȍ
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.14
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
9
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
Problema 1.15
JHQHUDGRUGHWHQVLyQ
ȍ ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
5HT ȍ
15

Asociación y transformación
de fuentes de energía
(VWH VHJXQGR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVIRUPDSDUWHWDPELpQGHODVHFFLyQGHODFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD'&SHURHQHVWH
FDVRDGHPiVGHORVHOHPHQWRVSDVLYRVVHDxDGHQGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHDVRFLDFLyQGHIXHQWHV
GHDOLPHQWDFLyQVLHPSUHLGHDOHVFRPRODVGHWHQVLyQRODVGHLQWHQVLGDG\VHGHMDQSDUD
SRVWHULRUHVFDStWXORVODVIXHQWHVGHSHQGLHQWHVDOJRPiVFRPSOHMDV
'HVSXpVGHUHDOL]DUHVWRVSUREOHPDVRUGHQDGRVSRUFDWHJRUtDV\SRUGLILFXOWDGHODOXPQR
GHEHUtDGRPLQDUORVSULQFLSDOHVPpWRGRVGHFiOFXOR.LUFKKRIIPDOODVQRGRV\VDEHUORV
DSOLFDU D FLUFXLWRV FRQ YDULDV IXHQWHV GH HQHUJtD \ QR VROR GH WHQVLyQ VLQR WDPELpQ GH
LQWHQVLGDG'HKHFKRHOFDStWXORQRHVWiSHQVDGRVRORSDUDUHVROYHUORVFLUFXLWRVWDOFRPR
VHSUHVHQWDQVLQRTXHHQODPD\RUtDGHFDVRVVHUHTXLHUHRVHUHFRPLHQGDUHVROYHUORVSRU
UHGXFFLyQGHOQ~PHURGHIXHQWHVGHHQHUJtD
3RUWDQWRDXQTXHHOFDStWXORVHFHQWUDHQORVSULQFLSDOHVPpWRGRVGHFiOFXORHVWiSHQVDGR
SDUD VHU UHVXHOWR SRU UHGXFFLyQ GH IXHQWHV \ SRU DJUXSDFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV SDVLYRV HQ VX
PD\RU SDUWH UHVLVWHQFLDV SDUD OR FXDO HV QHFHVDULR GRPLQDU OD FRQYHUVLyQ GH IXHQWHV GH
WHQVLyQDLQWHQVLGDG\YLFHYHUVD
/RVSUREOHPDVHVWiQRUGHQDGRVGHPHQRUGLILFXOWDGDPD\RUGLILFXOWDG\DOJXQRGHHOORV
HVGHH[DPHQORFXDOSURSLFLDXQHVWXGLRPiVUHDOGHODPDWHULD
17
Problema 2.1
5HGXFLU HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH D XQ VROR JHQHUDGRU GH WHQVLyQ UHDO HQWUH ORV
SXQWRV$\%FRQVXUHVSHFWLYDUHVLVWHQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHHQVHULH
,΍
,Ό
% $
5І (Ό
5΍ (΍
6ROXFLyQ
5$% HT 5 5 ȍ
§ § ( · ·
¨ ( 5 ¨ , ¸ ¸
¨ © 5 ¹ ¸
9$% HT ¨ , ¸ 5 5 9
5 5
¨ ¸
¨ ¸
© ¹
$ %
5$%HT 9$%HT
Problema 2.2
5HGXFLUHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%DXQVRORJHQHUDGRUUHDOGH
WHQVLyQ FRQ VX UHVSHFWLYD UHVLVWHQFLD HTXLYDOHQWH HQ VHULH \ D XQ VROR JHQHUDGRU UHDO GH
LQWHQVLGDGFRQVXUHVSHFWLYDUHVLVWHQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHHQSDUDOHOR
ȍ
$ ȍ
9
ȍ ȍ
9 9
18
Asociación y transformación de fuentes de energía
6ROXFLyQ
*HQHUDGRU GH WHQVLyQ o 9$% HT 9 5$% HT ȍ
*HQHUDGRU GH LQWHQVLGDG o , $% HT $ 5$% HT ȍ
Problema 2.3
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDXWLOL]DQGRHOPpWRGRGHUHGXFFLyQGHIXHQWHV
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
9
ȍ $ ȍ , $
6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 2.4
9$%
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD UHODFLyQ PHGLDQWH HO
9J
PpWRGRGHUHGXFFLyQGHIXHQWHV
,
5 $
9J
Į9$% +
I
ȕ, 5 5/
5J
%
6ROXFLyQ

9$% § § 5 5J · § 5 5/ ··
¨¨ D ¨ ¸¨ ¸ ¸¸
9J © © E ¹ © 5 5/ ¹¹
19
Problema 2.5
UHVLVWHQFLD 5& XWLOL]DQGR HO PpWRGR GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH IXHQWHV +DOODU DVLPLVPR OD
SRWHQFLDTXHDEVRUEHGLFKDUHVLVWHQFLD
9
9 ȍ
, 5F ȍ
ȍ 9
6ROXFLyQ
, $ 3 :
Problema 2.6
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDG , D TXHFLUFXODSRUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDXWLOL]DQGRHOPpWRGRGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHIXHQWHV
ȍ ȍ
,D
9 ȍ $ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
,D $
9
ȍ ,D
Problema 2.7
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YROWDMH 9 XWLOL]DQGR HO PpWRGR GH
WUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHIXHQWHV
ȍ 9
P$ ȍ ȍ P$ 9

B
20
Asociación y transformación de fuentes de energía
6ROXFLyQ
9 9
ȍ
,
9

Problema 2.8
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQ 9 XWLOL]DQGRHO
PpWRGRGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHIXHQWHV

$
ȍ
9
ȍ ȍ
$ ȍ ȍ ȍ
9
, $
6ROXFLyQ
5HT :
Problema 2.9
ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ ȍ
$ ȍ
9 9 , ȍ

ȍ
$
21
6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 2.10
ȍ
ȍ
$ , ȍ 9
9
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $
22
Diferencia de potencial y
balance de potencias
(VWH WHUFHU FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVWiSHQVDGRWDPELpQSDUDFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD'&DXQTXHHQHVWHFDVRH[LVWHQ
WUHVVHFFLRQHVGLIHUHQFLDGDV $VtORVSULPHURVSUREOHPDVVRQVLPSOHPHQWHGHFiOFXOR
GHGLIHUHQFLDVGHSRWHQFLDOHQFLUFXLWRVVHQFLOORVSDUHFLGRVDORVTXHVHKDQWUDWDGRHQORV
FDStWXORVSUHFHGHQWHVHQORVFXDOHVVRQDSOLFDEOHVODVPLVPDVWpFQLFDV\IyUPXODV/RV
SUREOHPDV VLJXLHQWHV DXQTXH ORV FLUFXLWRV QR SUHVHQWDQ YDULDFLRQHV VLJQLILFDWLYDV Vt
LQFRUSRUDQ XQRV QXHYRV HOHPHQWRV TXH ORV GLIHUHQFLDQ ODV IXHQWHV GHSHQGLHQWHV FRQ OR
FXDOVHFRPSOHWDHOHVWXGLRGHODVIXHQWHVXQDYH]DQDOL]DGDVHQORVFDStWXORVDQWHULRUHVODV
IXHQWHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV)LQDOPHQWHORV~OWLPRVSUREOHPDVVRQGHEDODQFHGHSRWHQFLDV
HVWHEDODQFHVHUHDOL]DHQXQRVFLUFXLWRVVXPDPHQWHVLPSOHVHQORVFXDOHVQRLQWHUYLHQHQ
YDULDEOHV TXH SXHGDQ GHVYLDU OD DWHQFLyQ GHO FiOFXOR \ ORV REMHWLYRV SULQFLSDOHV 3DUD VX
FiOFXOR VHUi QHFHVDULR VDEHU EXVFDU WHQVLRQHV H LQWHQVLGDGHV \ VDEHU RSHUDU FRQ ORV
VHQWLGRVGHHVWDVPDJQLWXGHVSDUDDVtSRGHUFDOFXODUODSRWHQFLDDFWLYDWDQWRODJHQHUDGD
FRPR OD FRQVXPLGD \ FRPSUREDU TXH VX VXPD HV LJXDO D FHUR \ DVt GHPRVWUDU TXH OD
HQHUJtDQRVHJHQHUDQLVHFRQVXPHVLQRTXHVHWUDQVIRUPD
/RV SUREOHPDV HVWiQ RUGHQDGRV GH PHQRU D PD\RU GLILFXOWDG \ DOJXQR GH HOORV HV GH
H[DPHQ OR FXDO SURSLFLD XQ HVWXGLR PiV UHDO GH OD PDWHULD 6H DFRQVHMD SUHVWDU HVSHFLDO
DWHQFLyQHQORVSUREOHPDVGHEDODQFHGHSRWHQFLDDODFRORFDFLyQGHODVWLHUUDVYLUWXDOHV
SXHVWR TXH XQ PLVPR SUREOHPD FRQ ORV PLVPRV FRPSRQHQWHV SXHGH DUURMDU GLVWLQWRV
UHVXOWDGRVSDUFLDOHVDXQTXH QRJOREDOHVGHSHQGLHQGRGHGyQGHVHFRORTXHQHVWDVWLHUUDV
YLUWXDOHV
25
Problema 3.1
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODGLIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLDOHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\
%9$%\ODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD ,
ȍ ȍ ȍ % ȍ

$
9
ȍ
ȍ
,
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 , $
Problema 3.2
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9'& \ OD

LQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD
ȍ ,
&
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ %
ȍ 9
9 ȍ $
ȍ '
ȍ
ȍ
9
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 9'& 9 , $
26
Diferencia de potencial y balance de potencias
Problema 3.3
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH ORV YROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% XWLOL]DQGR FRPR
UHIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLDOODWRPDGHWLHUUD
ȍ $ ȍ ȍ $ ȍ
9$ ȍ 9%

6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9

Problema 3.4
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHVHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ 9&'
'
ȍ
ȍ
$
ȍ
9
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
% &

6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 9&' 9

Problema 3.5
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

TXHFLUFXODSRUODIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQ , J
ȍ $ ȍ ȍ
9 ,J ȍ ȍ ȍ
%
27
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 , J $
Problema 3.6
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9$& \ OD

LQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD
ȍ ȍ ȍ
$ %
ȍ $ ȍ , ȍ
&
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 9$& 9 , $
Problema 3.7
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMH 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRU

ODUHVLVWHQFLD
ȍ ȍ ȍ

,
ȍ $ ȍ ȍ 9
B
6ROXFLyQ
9 9 , $
Problema 3.8
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODGLIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLDOHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\
% 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD
$
ȍ ȍ
ȍ
$ % $
ȍ ȍ
,
28
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 , $
Problema 3.9
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD
, ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 3.10
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD
ȍ ,
ȍ ȍ
ȍ ȍ
$
6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 3.11
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQ 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRU

ODUHVLVWHQFLD
29
ȍ ,
+
I

,
9 ȍ 9
6ROXFLyQ
9 9 , $
Problema 3.12
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

, TXHFLUFXODSRUODUHVLVWHQFLD

, $ 9[

9[
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9$% 9 , $
Problema 3.13
UHVLVWHQFLD

P9 ,E ,E ,
6ROXFLyQ
, P$
30
Problema 3.14
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQLQGLFDGD 9

,E

I
P9 + ā΁,E 9
B

6ROXFLyQ
9 9
Problema 3.15
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQ 9
$ ,[ ,[ 9

B

6ROXFLyQ
9 9
Problema 3.16
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

FLUFXLWR 3
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

Problema 3.17

FLUFXLWR 3
31
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :
Problema 3.18

FLUFXLWR 3
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :
Problema 3.19

FLUFXLWR 3
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :
Problema 3.20

FLUFXLWR 3
32
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

Problema 3.21

FLUFXLWR 3
$ $ % 9 &
ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

Problema 3.22
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH ORV YROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% \ OD SRWHQFLD WRWDO GHO
FLUFXLWR 3
%
9 $ ȍ
$

6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 3 :

Problema 3.23
FLUFXLWR 3
33
9 $ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 3 :
Problema 3.24
FLUFXLWR 3
9 $ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 3 :
Problema 3.25
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

FLUFXLWR 3
9 $ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9$ 9 9% 9 3 :
34

Métodos de Kirchhoff, de las

mallas y de los nudos
(VWH FXDUWR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVWiSHQVDGRWDPELpQSDUDFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD'&(QHOORVVHGHVJORVDQ\D
SUREOHPDV PiVFRPSOHMRVHQ TXHLQWHUYLHQHQWRGRWLSRGHHOHPHQWRV \ IXHQWHVLQFOXLGDV
ODVGHSHQGLHQWHVWDQWRGHWHQVLyQFRPRGHLQWHQVLGDG(VXQFDStWXOR\DPiVFRPSOHWRHQ
HOFXDOVHDSOLFDQORVWUHVPpWRGRVHOpFWULFRVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHSHUPLWHQUHVROYHUSRUVt
VRORV WRGR WLSRGH SUREOHPDV HOpFWULFRV HQ HO SUy[LPR FDStWXOR GHGLFDGR D ORV WHRUHPDV
HOpFWULFRVVHFRPSOHPHQWDQ
/D PD\RU SDUWH GH ORV SUREOHPDV HVWiQ UHVXHOWRV SRU ORV WUHV PpWRGRV D OD YH] OR FXDO
SHUPLWH DO OHFWRU FRPSUREDU SRU Vt PLVPR OD ERQGDG GH ORV UHVXOWDGRV REWHQLGRV
3URJUHVLYDPHQWHFDGDOHFWRULUDLQFOLQiQGRVHSRUXQPpWRGRFRQFUHWRQRUPDOPHQWHHOGH
ODV PDOODV R HO GH ORV QRGRV \D TXH HO PpWRGR GH .LUFKKRII HV FRPR XQ FRPSHQGLR GH
DPERV\SRUWDQWRPiVODERULRVRGHUHVROYHU)LQDOPHQWHFDEHUHFRUGDUTXHFDGDPpWRGR
WLHQH XQ FDPSR GH DSOLFDFLyQ HQ TXH HV PiV DGHFXDGR XWLOL]DUOR $Vt HO PpWRGR GH ODV
PDOODVHVPiVIiFLOGHDSOLFDUFXDQGRH[LVWHQIXHQWHVGHWHQVLyQ\HOPpWRGRGHORVQRGRV
FXDQGR HQ XQ FLUFXLWR SUHGRPLQDQ ODV IXHQWHV GH LQWHQVLGDG DXQTXH FXDOTXLHUD GH ORV
PpWRGRV SHUPLWH UHVROYHU ORV SUREOHPDV SXHVWR TXH VLHPSUH SRGHPRV WUDQVIRUPDU R
UHGXFLU ODV IXHQWHV R ELHQ UHDOL]DU RWURV FDPELRV TXH DGHFXHQ HO FLUFXLWR DO PpWRGR D
DSOLFDU6HDFRQVHMDGRPLQDUFRPRPtQLPRGRVGHORVPpWRGRVSDUDSRGHUORVDSOLFDUFRQ
FRPRGLGDGGHSHQGLHQGRGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHOFLUFXLWR
37
Problema 4.1
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , SRUHOPpWRGRGH

.LUFKKRII , D H , E SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% SRUHOPpWRGRGH
ORVQXGRV
ȍ 9$ ȍ
, ,
9 ȍ , 9

,D ,E
9%

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $ 9$ 9 9% 9

Problema 4.2
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , , , H , SRUHO

PpWRGRGH.LUFKKRII , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9 & \
9' SRUHOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRV

ȍ , 9
,D
ȍ 9 9 ȍ
9%
9$ 9&
, ,
,
9 ,E ȍ ,F 9
, ,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $, $, $, $, $

, $, D $, E $, F $9$ 9
9% 9 9& 9 9' 9

Problema 4.3

38
Métodos de Kirchhoff, de las mallas y de los nudos
ORVQXGRV+DOODUDVLPLVPRODSRWHQFLDܲGHOJHQHUDGRU\HOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHUHVXOWDQWH
GHODVLPSOLILFDFLyQSRUUHGXFFLyQDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQUHDO
ȍ 9$ $
ȍ
ȍ , ,
ȍ
ȍ
9 ,D ,E
,
9%

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $ 9$ 9
9% 9 3 :
ȍ
9 , $ ȍ
Problema 4.4
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , H , SRUHOPpWRGR

GH.LUFKKRIIORVYROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% SRUHOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRVH‫ܫ‬ଷ SRUHOPpWRGRGHOD
UHGXFFLyQDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQUHDO
ȍ $
ȍ
9$ 9%
ȍ
,
,
, ȍ , ȍ
9
6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ 9$ 9 9% 9

39
ȍ
9 , $ ȍ

Problema 4.5

.LUFKKRII , D H , E SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& 9' \ 9( SRUHO
PpWRGRGHORVQXGRV+DOODUDVLPLVPRODSRWHQFLD 3*, GHODIXHQWHGHLQWHQVLGDG
9$
, ,
9 ȍ , 9
9% 9& 9'
,D ,E
ȍ $ ȍ
9(

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $ 9$ 9 9% 9
9& 9 9' 9 9( 9 3*, :

Problema 4.6
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGH

ODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& \ 9' SRUHOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRV
$
ȍ ,D ȍ
9$ 9&
9%
9 ,E $ ,F ȍ
9'

40
6ROXFLyQ
, D $ , E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9

9' 9
Problema 4.7
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , , , , , D , E
H , F SRU HO PpWRGR GH ODV PDOODV \ ORV YROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& \ 9' SRU HO PpWRGR GH ORV
QXGRV
, ȍ
ȍ ,D $
9$ 9&
9%
, ,
9 ȍ , ȍ
,E ,F
, ,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , D $

,E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9
Problema 4.8
H , F SRU HO PpWRGR GH ODV PDOODV \ ORV YROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& \ 9' SRU HO PpWRGR GH ORV
QXGRV+DOODUDVLPLVPRODSRWHQFLDWRWDO 37 GHOFLUFXLWR
9%
,
9
ȍ ,D ,
, ȍ
9 ,F 9
9$ 9&
,
ȍ ȍ
,
,E
9'
, 9
41
6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , D $
,E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9
37 :

Problema 4.9
, F H , G SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& 9' \ 9( SRUHOPpWRGRGH
ORVQXGRV+DOODUDVLPLVPRODSRWHQFLDWRWDO 37 GHOFLUFXLWR
, ,
9$
,D ,F
ȍ , 9 ȍ
ȍ 9& ȍ
9% 9'
, ,
9 , ȍ 9
,E ,G
, 9( ,

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $
, $ , $ , $ , $
,D $ , E $ , F $ , G $
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9 9( 9
37 :

Problema 4.10

ORVQXGRV
42
, ȍ
9$
,E
9 ȍ
,
,D
, ȍ 9%

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , D $

,E $ 9$ 9 9% 9
Problema 4.11

PpWRGRGH.LUFKKRII , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9 & \
9 , ȍ
,D
ȍ ȍ
9$ 9&
9%
, ,
ȍ ȍ , $
,E ,F
, ,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $

, $ , D $ , E $ , F $
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9

Problema 4.12

.LUFKKRII , D H , E SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& 9' \ 9$% SRU
HOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRV
43
ȍ 9
9& 9$

ȍ
,
ȍ , , ȍ 9$%
9
,D ,E B
9' 9%
6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9 9$% 9
Problema 4.13

PpWRGRGH.LUFKKRII , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9
& \
$
9&
,
,D , ȍ , ȍ
ȍ
9$ 9%
,E
,
$ ,F , ȍ 9
,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $
,D $ , E $ , F $
9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9' 9
44
Problema 4.14
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD SRWHQFLD 3 GH OD IXHQWH GH LQWHQVLGDG GH
$ OD WHQVLyQ 9$% \ OD LQWHQVLGDG , J TXH SDVD SRU OD IXHQWH GH WHQVLyQ (PSOHDU
FXDOTXLHUDGHORVPpWRGRVDQDOL]DGRVPDOODVQXGRV.LUFKKRIIRUHGXFFLyQGHIXHQWHV
$
ȍ ȍ
$
9
ȍ $ ȍ ȍ

ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
3 : 9$% 9 , J $
Problema 4.15

& \
ȍ 9%
,
, ȍ ,
9
,D
,
9$ 9& ȍ
+
I
, ,E
$ ,F , 9
,
9'
9
6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , D $

,E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9
45
Problema 4.16
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , , , H , SRU

HOPpWRGRGH.LUFKKRII , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGHODVPDOODV\ORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9%
9
& \ 9' SRUHOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRV
, $
,D
ȍ ȍ
9$ 9&
9%
, ,
9 $ , ȍ
,E ,F
, ,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , D $

,E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9

Problema 4.17

& \
ȍ
,
,D
ȍ 9% $
9$ 9&
, ,
9 ȍ , ȍ
,E ,F
, ,
9'

6ROXFLyQ
, $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , $ , D $

, E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 9' 9

46
Problema 4.18
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODSRWHQFLD 3IG VXPLQLVWUDGDSRUODIXHQWHGH

LQWHQVLGDGGHSHQGLHQWHXWLOL]DQGRORVPpWRGRVGH.LUFKKRIIGHODVPDOODVRGHORVQXGRV
9
,
$ , 9 9
9

6ROXFLyQ
3IG :
Problema 4.19
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVSRWHQFLDV 3* 3* \ 3* VXEPLQLVWUDGDV

SRUORVWUHVJHQHUDGRUHVXWLOL]DQGRORVPpWRGRVGH.LUFKKRIIGHODVPDOODVRGHORVQXGRV

ȍ
ȍ ȍ
* $
ȍ
ȍ
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
3* : 3* : 3* :

Problema 4.20
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMH 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , XWLOL]DQGRORV

PpWRGRVGH.LUFKKRIIGHODVPDOODVRGHORVQXGRV
47
9
9 ȍ ȍ
,
9 ȍ $ ȍ $
B

6ROXFLyQ
9 9 , $

48

Teoremas eléctricos
(VWH TXLQWR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVWDPELpQHVWiSHQVDGRSDUDFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD'&\HVFRPRODSULPHUDSDUWH
GHXQFDStWXORPiVH[WHQVRTXHYHUVDVREUHORVWHRUHPDVHOpFWULFRV\TXHVHFRPSOHPHQWD
FRQHOFDStWXORVH[WRGHOOLEUR
(QHVWHSULPHUFDStWXORVHWUDWDUDQDTXHOORVWHRUHPDVTXHSRUVXFRQWHQLGRQRVHXWLOL]DQ
WDQ KDELWXDOPHQWH HPSOHDGRV R QR VRQ WDQ HILFDFHV HQ DVLJQDWXUDV FRPR 7HRUtD GH
&LUFXLWRV OR FXDO QR TXLHUH GHFLU TXH QR VHDQ LPSRUWDQWHV HQ RWUDV PDWHULDV FRPR
(OHFWUyQLFD R $XWRPiWLFD GRQGH DOJXQRV GH HOORV VRQ PX\ XWLOL]DGRV FRPR ORV GH
UHFLSURFLGDG0LOOPDQRVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
&RQFUHWDPHQWH HO FDStWXOR DUUDQFD FRQ HO WHRUHPD GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG 6H RIUHFHQ
SUREOHPDVGHHVWHWHRUHPDIiFLOGHDSOLFDU\HIHFWLYRHQPXFKRVFLUFXLWRVHQTXHVHHFKHHQ
IDOWD DOJXQD YDULDEOH FRQRFLGD SDUD HPSH]DU R SDUD SURVHJXLU FRQ HO FiOFXOR HQ XQ
SUREOHPDHOpFWULFR3RVWHULRUPHQWHVHGHGLFDQSUREOHPDVDOWHRUHPDGH VXSHUSRVLFLyQ
WHRUHPD LPSRUWDQWH HQ FLUFXLWRV GRQGH VH GHQ GLIHUHQWHV JHQHUDGRUHV FRQ GLIHUHQWH
IUHFXHQFLD \ TXH WDPELpQ HV DSOLFDEOH D FXDOTXLHU FLUFXLWR SDUD FRQWDU FRQ YDULDV IXHQWHV
OLQHDOHVGHHQHUJtD(OVLJXLHQWHWHRUHPDTXHVHWUDWDHVHOGHVXVWLWXFLyQWHRUHPDSUiFWLFR
\VHQFLOORDODYH]GHOFXDOVHRIUHFHQSUREOHPDVGHHMHPSOR2WURVSUREOHPDVPXHVWUDQ
FyPRDSOLFDUHOWHRUHPDGHUHFLSURFLGDGWHRUHPDPX\~WLOHQRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDV\TXHDTXt
VRORLQWURGXFLPRV)LQDOPHQWHVHLQFOX\HQSUREOHPDVGHOWHRUHPDGH0LOOPDQWHRUHPD
LPSRUWDQWH \ SUiFWLFR D OD KRUD GH UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV GH FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV FRQ YDULDV
UDPDVHQSDUDOHOR
51
PROPORCIONALIDAD
Problema 5.1
6XSRQLHQGRTXH , $ HQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUPHGLDQWHHOWHRUHPD

GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG HO IDFWRU GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG I TXH RIUHFH HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR UHDO
GHOFLUFXLWRODWHQVLyQ 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG , J
ȍ ȍ ȍ
$
9 ,J ȍ ȍ , ȍ
ȍ % ȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
I 9$% 9 H , J $

Problema 5.2
6XSRQLHQGRTXH , $ HQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUPHGLDQWHHOWHRUHPD

GHSURSRUFLRQDOLGDG HOIDFWRUGHSURSRUFLRQDOLGDG I TXHRIUHFHHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRUHDO
GHOFLUFXLWRODWHQVLyQ 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG‫ܫ‬௚
ȍ ȍ ȍ

$
9 ,J ȍ ȍ , ȍ
ȍ % ȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
I 9$% 9 H , J $

Problema 5.3
+DOODU HO YROWDMH 9 HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH XWLOL]DQGR HO WHRUHPD GH
SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG1RWD6XSyQHQODSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQTXH 9 P9
Nȍ Nȍ
9 Nȍ Nȍ Nȍ 9

B

52
6ROXFLyQ
9 9
Problema 5.4
+DOODU HO YROWDMH , HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH XWLOL]DQGR HO WHRUHPD GH
SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG1RWD6XSyQHQODSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQTXH , $
ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ

,
6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 5.5
+DOODU HO YROWDMH 9 HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH XWLOL]DQGR HO WHRUHPD GH
SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG1RWD6XSyQHQODSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQTXH 9 9
Nȍ Nȍ

Nȍ
Nȍ Nȍ 9
9
B

6ROXFLyQ
9 9
SUPERPOSICIÓN

Problema 5.6
5HVROYHUHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODQGRODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , PHGLDQWHHO

WHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
53
ȍ ȍ
9 , ȍ , , 9
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $, $, $

Problema 5.7
5HVROYHU HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODQGR ODV LQWHQVLGDGHV , , , , H ,
PHGLDQWHHOWHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
ȍ
,
,
9 , ȍ $
,
9 ,

6ROXFLyQ
, $, $, $, $, $

Problema 5.8
5HVROYHUHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODQGRODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , PHGLDQWHHO

WHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
9
ȍ ,
ȍ , $
+
, I
,
6ROXFLyQ
, $, $, $

54
Problema 5.9
+DOODUODLQWHQVLGDG , XWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUD
VLJXLHQWH
ȍ ȍ
+
$ ȍ I ,E ȍ , 9 ,E

6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 5.10
VLJXLHQWH
ȍ
ȍ 9
ȍ
9
,
ȍ $

6ROXFLyQ
, $
Problema 5.11
+DOODU HO YROWDMH 9; XWLOL]DQGR HO WHRUHPD GH XSHUSRVLFLyQ HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD
VLJXLHQWH
B
9[
ȍ ȍ
+
I 9[ $ ȍ 9
ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
9[ 9
55
Problema 5.12
VLJXLHQWH
ȍ 9
ȍ 9
,
$ ȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
, $

Problema 5.13
+DOODUODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , H , HQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHXWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPD

GHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
$

,
9 , ,

6ROXFLyQ
, $, $

Problema 5.14
+DOODUHOYROWDMH 9 HQERUQHVGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHXWLOL]DQGR
HOWHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
ȍ
,
$
+
, I 9
ȍ
B
9
6ROXFLyQ
9 9
56
4645*56$*Ë/
Problema 5.15
+DOODU ODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , H , HQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHDSOLFDQGRHO

WHRUHPDGHVXVWLWXFLyQVHJ~QORVFDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
D ݇ଵ FHUUDGR\݇ଶ DELHUWR
E ݇ଵ DELHUWR\݇ଶ FHUUDGR
ȍ ȍ
9 N N
9 9
, ȍ ȍ ,
, ,
6ROXFLyQ
D , $, $, $

E , $, $, $
1SPCMFNB

+DOODU ODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , H , HQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUD VLJXLHQWHDSOLFDQGRHO
WHRUHPDGHVXVWLWXFLyQVHJ~QORVFDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
D ݇ଵ FHUUDGR\݇ଶ DELHUWR
E ݇ଵ DELHUWR\݇ଶ FHUUDGR
, ȍ
ȍ ȍ
ȍ N N
,
$ ȍ 9
9 ȍ ,
,
6ROXFLyQ
D , $, $H
, $
E , $, $H
, $
57
RECIPROCIDAD
Problema 5.17
+DOODU OD LQWHQVLGDG , \ HO YROWDMH 9 HQ DPERV FLUFXLWRV GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH
FRPSUREDQGRTXHVHFXPSOHHOWHRUHPDGHUHFLSURFLGDG
ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ ȍ 9
B
,
ȍ ȍ ȍ
, ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ ȍ 9
B
ȍ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $\9
9 HQDPERVFDVRV
Problema 5.18
+DOODU OD LQWHQVLGDG , \ HO YROWDMH 9 HQ DPERV FLUFXLWRV GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH
FRPSUREDQGRTXHVHFXPSOHHOWHRUHPDGHUHFLSURFLGDG
ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ 9
B
,
ȍ
ȍ

9R ȍ ȍ ȍ
B
,
ȍ 9
6ROXFLyQ
, $\9
9 HQDPERVFDVRV
58
MILLMAN
Problema 5.19
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD LQWHQVLGDG , \ HO YROWDMH 9$% HVWDQGR HO
LQWHUUXSWRU݇FHUUDGRXWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPDGH0LOOPDQ
9 ȍ
ȍ 9
$ %
9 ȍ
N
, ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $9$% 9
Problema 5.20
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD LQWHQVLGDG , \ HO YROWDMH 9$% HVWDQGR HO
LQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGRXWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPDGH0LOOPDQ
9 ȍ
9 ȍ
$ ȍ
$ %
$ ȍ
ȍ
N
ȍ , ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
, $9$% 9
59

Thévenin, Norton y máxima

potencia transferida
(VWH VH[WR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVHO~OWLPRGHORVFDStWXORVGHGLFDGRVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDODFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD
'&\FRPSOHPHQWDHODQWHULRU\DGHGLFDGRDORVWHRUHPDVHOpFWULFRV&RQFUHWDPHQWHHQ
HVWHFDStWXORVHSUHVHQWDQHQXQFLDGRVGHSUREOHPDVGHORVWUHVWHRUHPDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGH
ODWHRUtDGHFLUFXLWRVGH7KpYHQLQGH1RUWRQ\GHODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD(VWRV
WHRUHPDV VRQ DPSOLDPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV VLHQGR PX\ SRWHQWHV HQ OD PD\RUtD GH RFDVLRQHV
GRQGHGHEDQDSOLFDUVH
(QHVHQFLDHVWRVWHRUHPDVHVWiQGHVWLQDGRVDUHGXFLUXQFLUFXLWRSRUFRPSOHMR\H[WHQVR
TXHVHDDXQDVRODIXHQWHGHHQHUJtD \DXQDUHVLVWHQFLDRLPSHGDQFLDHQHOFDVRGHORV
FLUFXLWRVHQDOWHUQDORFXDOIDFLOLWDHQRUPHPHQWHVXUHVROXFLyQ\DVHDSRUODLQFRUSRUDFLyQ
GH QXHYRV HOHPHQWRV H[WHULRUHV R VLPSOHPHQWH SRU VX VHQFLOOH] XQD YH] UHGXFLGR HO
FLUFXLWR3RUWDQWRVRQHQRUPHPHQWHHIHFWLYRVPX\XWLOL]DGRV\UD]RQDEOHPHQWHFyPRGRV
HQVXDSOLFDFLyQ
'H KHFKR HVWRV WUHV WHRUHPDV VRQ FRPSOHPHQWDULRV $Vt VL KDOODPRV HO HTXLYDOHQWH GH
7KpYHQLQ GH XQ FLUFXLWR DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH OR WHQGUHPRV HQ 1RUWRQ FRQ VROR FRQYHUWLU OD
IXHQWH GH WHQVLyQ D IXHQWH GH LQWHQVLGDG \ FRORFDU HQ SDUDOHOR OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH 7KpYHQLQ
TXH HVWDED HQ VHULH (O WHRUHPD GH OD Pi[LPD WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH SRWHQFLD WDPELpQ VH
GHWHUPLQD GLUHFWDPHQWH GHO WHRUHPD GH 7KpYHQLQ R 1RUWRQ VLPSOHPHQWH DSOLFDQGR XQD
HFXDFLyQ GRQGH LQWHUYLHQHQ WDQWR OD WHQVLyQ FRPR OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH 7KpYHQLQ XQD YH]
WHQHPRVHOFLUFXLWRUHGXFLGR
3RU WDQWR HQ HVWH FDStWXOR QR VH SLGH UHVROYHU ORV SUREOHPDV SRU XQ ~QLFR WHRUHPD VLQR
QRUPDOPHQWH SRU ORV GRV WHRUHPDV SULQFLSDOHV \ DGHPiV SURSRUFLRQDU HO YDORU GH OD
Pi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGDORFXDOKDGHGDUYDOLGH]DORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRV
61
Problema 6.1
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ 9WK \ 5WK

HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % \ GHPRVWUDU OD YDOLGH] GHO WHRUHPD DO FRQHFWDU OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH
FDUJD 5F
ȍ ȍ $

9 ȍ 5F ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :
Problema 6.2

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%\GHPRVWUDUODYDOLGH]GHOWHRUHPDDOFRQHFWDUܴ௖ +DOODWDPELpQOD
SRWHQFLD 35& GHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F
ȍ ȍ $

9 ȍ $ 5F ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :35F :
Problema 6.3

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%\GHPRVWUDUODYDOLGH]GHOWHRUHPDDOFRQHFWDU 5F +DOODWDPELpQOD
ȍ , ȍ

$
+
I
9 ȍ , 5F ȍ

B
62
Thévenin, Norton y máxima potencia transferida
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :35F :

Problema 6.4

ȍ ȍ
$

9 ó9$% 5F ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :35F :

Problema 6.5

ȍ $

+
, I ȍ , 5F ȍ
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :35F :

Problema 6.6

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
63
ȍ ȍ $

9 ȍ
B
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :
Problema 6.7

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
ȍ ,
$
+
I
9 ȍ
, B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :
Problema 6.8

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
9$%
$

ȍ ȍ 9$%

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :
Problema 6.9

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%$FRQWLQXDFLyQFRQHFWDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F \KDOODU 9F
64
$ ȍ $

ȍ ȍ $

ȍ $ 9F 5F ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :9F 9

Problema 6.10

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%$FRQWLQXDFLyQFRQHFWDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F \KDOODU 9F
$ ȍ $

ȍ ȍ
$

ȍ $ 9F 5F ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :9F 9

Problema 6.11

\ OD LQWHQVLGDG GH 1RUWRQ , 1 HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQHFWDU OD
UHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F \KDOODU 9F
5F
$ 9F B %

9 9[ 9[ 9
B
65
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK ȍ , 1 $ 9F 9
Problema 6.12

\ODLQWHQVLGDGGH1RUWRQ , 1 HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
ȍ 9 $

,
ȍ , ȍ
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $
Problema 6.13

ȍ 9 ȍ $

+
I 9[ ȍ ȍ 9[ ȍ
B
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $
Problema 6.14

ȍ , ȍ
$
+
I

9 ȍ , $ ȍ
B
66
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $

Problema 6.15

9 ȍ
$

, ȍ ȍ , ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $

Problema 6.16

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%$FRQWLQXDFLyQFRQHFWDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F \KDOODU 9F H
, F HQGLFKDUHVLVWHQFLD
5F
$ %
B
9 $

6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :9F 9 , F $

Problema 6.17

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%$FRQWLQXDFLyQFRQHFWDUODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F : \KDOODU
9F H , F HQGLFKDUHVLVWHQFLD
67
ȍ 5F
%
9 ȍ $
9
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :9F 9 , F $
Problema 6.18

,
$
+
I

, ȍ $ 5F ȍ
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $
Problema 6.19

\ OD LQWHQVLGDG GH 1RUWRQ , 1 HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQHFWDU OD
UHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F \KDOODUODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGDSRUHVWDUHVLVWHQFLD 3F Pi[
, ȍ
ȍ ȍ 9

$

+
, I ȍ 5F ȍ
9 ȍ B
%
68
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $3F Pi[ :

Problema 6.20

HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQHFWDU OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH FDUJD 5F \ KDOODU OD
Pi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGDSRUHVWDUHVLVWHQFLD 3F Pi[
$ ȍ % 9
B ȍ $

6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :3F Pi[ :

Problema 6.21

9[
+
I
ȍ $
ȍ

$ ȍ 9[ ȍ
B
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :, 1 $

69
Problema 6.22
+DOODUHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH1RUWRQ , 1 \ 5 1 HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%HQHOFLUFXLWRGH
ODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
Nȍ
$

9 Nȍ
Nȍ B
6ROXFLyQ
,1 P$51 Nȍ
Problema 6.23
ODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
ȍ
$

9 $ ȍ

B
%
6ROXFLyQ
,1 $51 ȍ
Problema 6.24
+DOODUHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH1RUWRQ , 1 \ 5 1 HQWUH ORVSXQWRV $\%HQHOFLUFXLWRGH

ODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
$

+
9 , 9$% I ,
B
6ROXFLyQ
,1 $51 ȍ
70
Problema 6.25
ODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
ȍ $

$ ȍ ȍ

ȍ B
%
6ROXFLyQ
,1 $51 ȍ
Problema 6.26
ODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
ȍ $

+
9 9$% I , ȍ
B
,
%
6ROXFLyQ
,1 $51 ȍ

Problema 6.27
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F SDUDTXH
HQHOODVHGLVLSHODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD 3F Pi[
ȍ 9$%
$
+
I
9 ȍ 5F
B
%
6ROXFLyQ
3F Pi[ : 5F 5WK ȍ
71
Problema 6.28
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5F SDUDTXH
HQHOODVHGLVLSHODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD 3F Pi[
ȍ $

$ ȍ ȍ 5F

B
6ROXFLyQ
3F Pi[ : 5F 5WK ȍ
Problema 6.29

HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
$

$ ȍ
ȍ ȍ B
9 $ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :
Problema 6.30

HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % $ FRQWLQXDFLyQ FRQHFWDU OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH FDUJD 5F \ KDOODU OD
SRWHQFLDGLVLSDGDSRU 5F 35&
72
, ȍ
ȍ ȍ 9 $

+
, I ȍ 5F ȍ
9 ȍ B
%
6ROXFLyQ
9WK 9 5WK :35F :

73
PROBLEMAS DE CORRIENTE
ALTERNA
Circui
s eléctricos en alterna
(VWH VH[WR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVHO~OWLPRGHORVFDStWXORVGHGLFDGRVH[FOXVLYDPHQWHDODFRUULHQWHFRQWLQXD
'& \FRPSOHPHQWDHODQWHULRU\DGHGLFDGRDORVWHRUHPDVHOpFWULFRV&RQFUHWDPHQWHHQ
HVWHFDStWXORVHSUHVHQWDQHQXQFLDGRVGHSUREOHPDVGHORVWUHVWHRUHPDVIXQGDPHQWDOHVGH
ODWHRUtDGHFLUFXLWRVGH7KpYHQLQGH1RUWRQ\GHODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD(VWRV
WHRUHPDV VRQ DPSOLDPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV VLHQGR PX\ SRWHQWHV HQ OD PD\RUtD GH RFDVLRQHV
GRQGHGHEDQDSOLFDUVH
(QHVHQFLDHVWRVWHRUHPDVHVWiQGHVWLQDGRVDUHGXFLUXQFLUFXLWRSRUFRPSOHMR\H[WHQVR
TXHVHDDXQDVRODIXHQWHGHHQHUJtD \DXQDUHVLVWHQFLDRLPSHGDQFLDHQHOFDVRGHORV
FLUFXLWRVHQDOWHUQDORFXDOIDFLOLWDHQRUPHPHQWHVXUHVROXFLyQ\DVHDSRUODLQFRUSRUDFLyQ
GH QXHYRV HOHPHQWRV H[WHULRUHV R VLPSOHPHQWH SRU VX VHQFLOOH] XQD YH] UHGXFLGR HO
FLUFXLWR3RUWDQWRVRQHQRUPHPHQWHHIHFWLYRVPX\XWLOL]DGRV\UD]RQDEOHPHQWHFyPRGRV
HQVXDSOLFDFLyQ
'H KHFKR HVWRV WUHV WHRUHPDV VRQ FRPSOHPHQWDULRV $Vt VL KDOODPRV HO HTXLYDOHQWH GH
7KpYHQLQ GH XQ FLUFXLWR DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH OR WHQGUHPRV HQ 1RUWRQ FRQ VROR FRQYHUWLU OD
IXHQWH GH WHQVLyQ D IXHQWH GH LQWHQVLGDG \ FRORFDU HQ SDUDOHOR OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH 7KpYHQLQ
TXH HVWDED HQ VHULH (O WHRUHPD GH OD Pi[LPD WUDQVIHUHQFLD GH SRWHQFLD WDPELpQ VH
GHWHUPLQD GLUHFWDPHQWH GHO WHRUHPD GH 7KpYHQLQ R 1RUWRQ VLPSOHPHQWH DSOLFDQGR XQD
HFXDFLyQ GRQGH LQWHUYLHQHQ WDQWR OD WHQVLyQ FRPR OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH 7KpYHQLQ XQD YH]
WHQHPRVHOFLUFXLWRUHGXFLGR
3RU WDQWR HQ HVWH FDStWXOR QR VH SLGH UHVROYHU ORV SUREOHPDV SRU XQ ~QLFR WHRUHPD VLQR
QRUPDOPHQWH SRU ORV GRV WHRUHPDV SULQFLSDOHV \ DGHPiV SURSRUFLRQDU HO YDORU GH OD
Pi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGDORFXDOKDGHGDUYDOLGH]DORVUHVXOWDGRVREWHQLGRV
77
Problema 7.1
'HWHUPLQDUORVSDUiPHWURVGHODVLJXLHQWHVHxDO
Y W āFRV W R 9
6ROXFLyQ
9Pi[ 9 9HI g 9 Z UDG āV

I +] M R 7 V
Problema 7.2
+DOODUHOiQJXORGHGHVIDVH M HQWUHODVH[SUHVLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV
Y W āFRV ZW R 9
\ Y W āVLQ ZW R 9

6ROXFLyQ
Y W āFRV ZW R 9

Y W āFRV ZW R 9 o M R
Problema 7.3
&RQVLGHUDQGRXQYROWDMHGHH[SUHVLyQ
Y W āVLQ W R 9
+DOODHOYDORUGHHVWHYROWDMHSDUDORVLQVWDQWHV W PV \ W V
6ROXFLyQ
Y PV 9 Y V 9
Problema 7.4
+DOODUODVXPDGHORVYROWDMHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODVH[SUHVLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV

Y W āFRV ZW R 9
Y W āFRV ZW 9
R
78
Circuitos eléctricos en alterna

Y W āVLQ ZW R 9
6ROXFLyQ
YWRW W
āVHQ ZW R 9

Problema 7.5
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODSRUHO
FRQGHQVDGRU L& W

L5 W āFRV W R $

ȍ L5W
) L&W

6ROXFLyQ
L& W
āFRV W R $
Problema 7.6
&RQVLGHUDQGRXQYROWDMHGHH[SUHVLyQ
Y W
āFRV W R 9

+DOODUHOYDORUGHHVWHYROWDMHSDUDORVLQVWDQWHVGHWLHPSRVVVV\V

6ROXFLyQ
Y V 9 Y V 9

Y V 9 Y V 9 Y V 9
Problema 7.7
6HGLVSRQHGHXQFLUFXLWRFX\DVH[SUHVLRQHVGHWHQVLyQHLQWHQVLGDGVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
79
Y W āFRV W āVLQ W R 9

L W āFRV W $ R

ሬሬሬሬሬሬԦ
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUHOYDORUGHODLPSHGDQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHGHOFLUFXLWRܼ ௘௤
6ROXFLyQ
G
JJJG 9 o 9
= HT G o : M :
, o $
Problema 7.8
+DOODUHQHOHVTXHPDGHOD ILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDG L W VDELHQGR

TXHODVH[SUHVLRQHVGH L W H L W VRQ
L W
āFRV ZW R $
L W
āVLQ ZW R $
LW
LW
LW
6ROXFLyQ
L W
āFRV ZW R $
Problema 7.9
(OHVTXHPDGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHPXHVWUDORVYDORUHVPi[LPRVGHORVYROWDMHVFRVHQRLGDOHV
GHGRVHOHPHQWRVGHXQFLUFXLWR+DOODUODH[SUHVLyQWHPSRUDOFRPSOHWDGHHVWRVYROWDMHV
(OHPHQWR (OHPHQWR
9 9
9
1RWD$SOLFDUSULPHURHOWHRUHPDGHOFRVHQR\GHVSXpVHOWHRUHPDGHOVHQR
80
6ROXFLyQ

Y W āFRV ZW R 9

Y W āFRV ZW 9 Y W
R
āFRV ZW 9

Problema 7.10
+DOODUORVYDORUHVGH5\&HQHOHVTXHPDGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHVDELHQGRTXHHOYROWDMH\
ODLQWHQVLGDGWRWDOHVVHH[SUHVDQGHODIRUPDVLJXLHQWH
YWRW W
āFRV W R 9

LWRW W āFRV W $ R

LWRWW 5 P+ &
YWRWW

6ROXFLyQ
5 :& P )
Problema 7.11
6XSRQLHQGR XQD UHVLVWHQFLD GH YDORU 5 HQ SDUDOHOR FRQ XQD LQGXFWDQFLD GH YDORU
/ P+ /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH FLUFXOD SRU OD ERELQD HV
L/ W āVLQ W R $ &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG
TXHFLUFXODSRUDPERVHOHPHQWRV LWRW W L/ W L5 W
6ROXFLyQ
LWRW W āVLQ W

Problema 7.12
6XSRQLHQGR XQ FRQGHQVDGRU GH FDSDFLGDG ‫ = ܥ‬35 ߤ‫ ܨ‬HQ SDUDOHOR FRQ RWUR HOHPHQWR
,GHQWLILFDGHTXpHOHPHQWRVHWUDWD\KDOODUVXYDORUFRQRFLHQGRODVH[SUHVLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDOYROWDMH\DODLQWHQVLGDGWRWDO
YWRW W āVLQ W 9

LWRW W āVLQ W R $
81
6ROXFLyQ
5 :
Problema 7.13
6XSRQLHQGRXQFLUFXLWRFRQWUHVUDPDVHQSDUDOHOR(QFDGDXQDGHHOODVKD\XQDERELQD
FRQ / + XQD UHVLVWHQFLD FRQ 5 ȍ \ XQ FRQGHQVDGRU FRQ & P )
6DELHQGRTXHODH[SUHVLyQGHOYROWDMHWRWDOHV YWRW W āVLQ W 9
GHWHUPLQDUVLOD
FRUULHQWHWRWDOVHDGHODQWDRDWUDVDFRQUHVSHFWRDHVWHYROWDMH\HQWDOFDVRFXiQWR
6ROXFLyQ
6HDGHODQWD°
Problema 7.14
+DOODUODH[SUHVLyQUHVXOWDQWHGHVXPDUODVLQWHQVLGDGHVVLJXLHQWHV
L W
āFRV ZW R $
L W āVLQ ZW $
R
6ROXFLyQ
LWRW W
āFRV ZW R $
Problema 7.15
+DOODUHQHOHVTXHPDGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLPSHGDQFLDHTXLYDOHQWHR
JJJG
GHHQWUDGDHQWUHSXQWRV = HT VDELHQGRTXH Z UDG āV
P) +

P+
82
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
= HT M :
Problema 7.16
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD
ERELQD Y W
HJ W
āFRV W R 9

+
Y W B

HJW P)

6ROXFLyQ

Y W āFRV W R 9

Problema 7.17
'HWHUPLQDUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXOD
SRUHOFRQGHQVDGRU L& W PHGLDQWHHOPpWRGRGHORVQXGRV
HJ W āFRV W 9

+

HJW L&W ) L&W +

6ROXFLyQ
L& W
āFRV W R $
Problema 7.18
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODLQWHQVLGDG L W PHGLDQWHHOPpWRGRGHODV
PDOODV
83

Ŀ$ M ,
M
Ŀ9
M
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
, R $
Problema 7.19
JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHOJHQHUDGRU 9 \ODFDtGD
GH WHQVLyQ UHODWLYD HQWUH OD FDUJD \ HO JHQHUDGRU '9 SDUD FDGD XQR GH ORV VLJXLHQWHV
YDORUHVGHLQWHQVLGDG
JJG
D , R $
JJG
E , R $
JJG
F , R $
9 R 9

JJG JJG
9 9
'9 JJG ā
9
M

* 9
B
, 9B &DUJD
6ROXFLyQ
D 9 R \ '9

R
E9 \ '9
R
F9 \ '9
84
Problema 7.20
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YDORU GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH FLUFXOD SRU HO
JJG
FRQGHQVDGRU , & \WDPELpQVXH[SUHVLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L& W PHGLDQWHHOPpWRGR
GHORVQXGRV
LD W āāVLQ W $
LE W āāFRV W $
M
LDW L&W,& M M LEW

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
F W
, & R $HL āFRV W $
Problema 7.21
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHODVFRUULHQWHVVXPLQLVWUDGDV
SRUORVJHQHUDGRUHVGHWHQVLyQDOWHUQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR LD W H LE W \ODH[SUHVLyQ
GHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHODIXHQWHGHFRUULHQWH 9F W
YD W
āFRV W R 9

YE W āāFRV W 9

LF W āāVLQ W $
YDW

YEW ) +

+ LFW

6ROXFLyQ

LD W āFRV W R $
85
LE W
āāFRV W R $
YF W
āāFRV W R 9

Problema 7.22
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQD
‫ܫ‬ሬሬሬ௅Ԧ\WDPELpQVXH[SUHVLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L/ W
YD W āFRV W R 9

YE W
āFRV W R 9

YDW

) +
L/W,/

YEW )
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
,/ R $
L/ W
ā āFRV W R $
Problema 7.23
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YDORU GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU HO
FRQGHQVDGRU‫ܫ‬ሬሬሬԦ
஼ PHGLDQWHHOWHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
M M

Ŀ$ ,& M Ŀ9
6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
JJG
,& ,& ,& R $
86
JJG
,& R $
JJG
,& R $
Problema 7.24
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODSRUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L W XWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPDGHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
YJ W āFRV W 9

JJG
, E R $
+ +
LW
YJW ) LEW

6ROXFLyQ
L W L
W L
W
āFRV W R $
Problema 7.25
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YDORU GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH FLUFXOD SRU HO
JJG
FRQGHQVDGRU , & XWLOL]DQGRHOWHRUHPD GHVXSHUSRVLFLyQ
,; Ŀ9

M M

Ŀ9 ,;
M M

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
, ; R $
87
Problema 7.26
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHOD ILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ\1RUWRQ
JJG JJJG JJG
HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\% 9WK = WK H , 1
$

Ŀ9 M
M %
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9WK R 9
JJJG
= WK R :
JJG
, 1 R $
Problema 7.27
JJG JJJG JJG
$
Ŀ9

Ŀ9
M
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9WK R 9
JJJG R
= WK :
JJG
, 1 R $
Problema 7.28
JJG JJJG JJG
88
$

Ŀ$
M M
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9WK R 9
JJJG
= WK R :
JJG
, 1 R $
Problema 7.29
JJJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ODSRWHQFLD
GLVLSDGDHQODUHVLVWHQFLD
M
$
Ŀ9
M
%
Ŀ9
M
Ŀ9
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
9$% R 9
3: :
Problema 7.30
JJG JJJG JJG
HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\% 9WK = WK H , 1 \WDPELpQODSRWHQFLDPi[LPDGLVLSDGD 3Pi[
HJ W ā āVLQ S W 9

89

ʌP)

HJW $ %
ʌP+
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9WK R 9
JJJG
= WK R :
JJG
, 1 R $
3Pi[ :
Problema 7.31
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVPDJQLWXGHVTXHVHLQGLFDQDFRQWLQXDFLyQ
JJJG
D /DWHQVLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%GHOFLUFXLWR 9$%
JG JJG JJG
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H ,
F /DSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGHODVGRVIXHQWHVGHWHQVLyQHLQWHQVLGDG
HJ W ā āVLQ S W 9

LJ W ā āFRV S W $
ʌP+ ʌP+
$
,
ʌP+
,
HJW LJW

,
%
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
D 9$% R 9
JG JJG
E, R $, R $
JJG
, R $
JJJG JJJG
F 6HJ R 9$ 6LJ R 9$
90
Problema 7.32
'HOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHVHFRQRFHQORVVLJXLHQWHVGDWRV
I +] 9 9 $ $ $ $ \ $ $

$GHPiVVHVDEHTXH
JJG
= 5 M; / HVLQGXFWLYR
JJG
= 5 M; & HVFDSDFLWLYRFRQ 5 ; &
JJG
= 5 M; / HVXQDUHVLVWHQFLDSXUD
)DFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHWRGDODFDUJD FRV MF
7RPDQGR HJ W FRQXQiQJXORGH R YDORUGHUHIHUHQFLDKDOODU
D /D H[SUHVLyQ HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR \ HO YDORU LQVWDQWiQHR GH OD WHQVLyQ
JJG
SURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQ HJ W \ (J
E /DH[SUHVLyQHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR\HOYDORULQVWDQWiQHRGHWRGDVODVLQWHQVLGDGHV
JJJG JG JJG JJG
TXHSDVDQSRUORVDPSHUtPHWURV , WRW W , W , W , W , WRW , , H ,
A1 A2 A3
5 5
HJW V
=
M;/ M;&

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
D (J R 9
JJJG
HJ W ā āVLQ S W R 9
JG

E, WRW R $, R $
JJG JJG
, R $ , R $
LWRW W
ā āVLQ S W R $

L W ā āVLQ S W R $
L W ā āVLQ S W $

R
L W ā āVLQ S W $

R
91
Problema 7.33
JJG JJJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ 9WK = WK
HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%LQGLFDGRV

$ %

Ŀ9
M M
6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJJG
9WK R 9
= WK R :
Problema 7.34
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHODUHVLVWHQFLD
JJG
9 PHGLDQWHHOPpWRGRGHPDOODV
M Ŀ9

Ŀ9 M
M

B
9
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
V o V
Problema 7.35
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR L W +DOODU WDPELpQ OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH DFWLYD \ UHDFWLYD VXPLQLVWUDGD SRU OD
IXHQWHGHFRUULHQWH L W
92
HJ W ā āFRV W 9

LD W ā āVLQ W $
LE W ā āFRV W $

)
LW

HJW
)
LDW
LEW +
6ROXFLyQ

LD W ā āVLQ W $ L W ā āFRV W R $
6 ā N9$3 N: 4 N9$5
Problema 7.36
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODSRWHQFLDTXHGLVLSDODUHVLVWHQFLD
5R 35
M
,

, 5 M Ŀ9

6ROXFLyQ
35 :

Problema 7.37
'HWHUPLQDUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODSRWHQFLDPHGLDVXPLQLVWUDGD
SRUODVGRVIXHQWHVGHWHQVLyQGHSHQGLHQWH\QRGHSHQGLHQWH 3PHG \WDPELpQHOYROWDMHHQ
JJG
ERUQHVGHODUHVLVWHQFLD 9
93
9
+
I

Ŀ9 M M 9
B
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
3PHG : 9 R 9

Problema 7.38
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD Pi[LPD SRWHQFLD WUDQVIHULGD D OD FDUJD
JJJG
3= Pi[ \HOYDORUGHGLFKDFDUJD = &
&
Ŀ9 , M

+
I
, M =&
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
3=
& Pi[
: = & M :
Problema 7.39
JJJG
&
Ŀ9

9 M B 9 =&
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
3=& Pi[ : = & M ȍ
94
Problema 7.40
JJJG
&
Ŀ9

+
9 I M 9 =&
B

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
3=& Pi[ : = & M ȍ

95

Representación gráfica
(VWH RFWDYR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVWUDWDGHXQDPRGDOLGDGFRQFUHWDGHUHVROXFLyQSULQFLSDOPHQWHGHSUREOHPDVGH
FRUULHQWHDOWHUQDFRPRHVODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQJUiILFDDSOLFDGDDODUHVROXFLyQGHXQFLUFXLWR
HOpFWULFR
/DUHVROXFLyQSRUHVWHPpWRGRHVPiVODUJD\ODERULRVDTXHQXPpULFDPHQWHDXQTXHQRHV
FRPSOHMD\UHTXLHUHPiVWLHPSRSDUDVXILQDOL]DFLyQSHURWLHQHODYHQWDMDGHTXHIDFLOLWD
FRPSUHQGHUFyPRLQWHUDFFLRQDXQVLVWHPDRYDULDQGRXQSDUiPHWURFRPRFDPELDQWRGDV
ODV GHPiV PDJQLWXGHV \ HV HVSHFLDOPHQWH DGHFXDGR SDUD VLVWHPDV GH OtQHDV R SDUD OD
PRGHOL]DFLyQGHPiTXLQDVHOpFWULFDV
(VWH FDStWXOR HV VROR XQD PXHVWUD GH FyPR UHDOL]DU HVWH WLSR GH UHVROXFLyQ 2WUDV REUDV
DILQHVSUHVHQWDQSUREOHPDVPiVUHDOHVHQTXHVtUHVXOWD~WLOHVWHPpWRGRGHUHVROXFLyQ
97
Problema 8.1
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOOD ODV H[SUHVLRQHV WHPSRUDOHV GH WRGDV ODV
LQWHQVLGDGHV L W L W L W H LJ W \UHSUHVpQWDODVJUiILFDPHQWHMXQWRFRQODWHQVLyQ
GHOJHQHUDGRU
JJJG
1RWD7RPDUFRPRiQJXORGHUHIHUHQFLDHOiQJXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOJHQHUDGRU ( J (J R 9

HJ W āVLQ S W 9

Ag
A1 A2 A3

HJW Vg
ȍ ʌP+ ʌP)
6ROXFLyQ

L W āVLQ S W R $
L W āVLQ S W $
R
L W āVLQ S W $HR
LJ W āVLQ S W $ R
, Ŀ$
,J Ŀ$
,,
(J Ŀ9
, Ŀ$
, Ŀ$
Problema 8.2
'HOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHVHFRQRFH
/DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQGHOJHQHUDGRUHV HJ W āVLQ S W 9

98
Representación gráfica
(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOHV FRV M7RW

m FDSDFLWLYR
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURVVRQ $J $ $ $ \ $ $
&RQ HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ \ WRPDQGR FRPR iQJXOR GH UHIHUHQFLD HO iQJXOR GH OD WHQVLyQ GHO
JJJG
JHQHUDGRU (J (J R 9
JJG JG JJG
D +DOODUODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , J , H , HQQRWDFLyQYHFWRULDO
E 5HSUHVHQWDUJUiILFDPHQWHPHGLDQWHIDVRUHVODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU\
ODWHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUHOJHQHUDGRU
A1 A2

HJW V
= =
6ROXFLyQ
JJG JG JJG
D , J R $, $H
, $
, Ŀ$
E , Ŀ$ ,J ¥Ŀ$
(J Ŀ9
Problema 8.3
6XSRQLHQGR XQ FLUFXLWR FRQ GRV UDPDV HQ SDUDOHOR OD SULPHUD FRQ XQD FDUJD
JJG JJG
= R : \ODVHJXQGDFRQXQDFDUJD = R : DOLPHQWDGDVSRUXQDIXHQWHGH
JJJG
WHQVLyQ (J R 9 &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU ORV WULiQJXORV GH SRWHQFLDV GH
FDGDFDUJD\HOWRWDOWDQWRDQDOtWLFDFRPRJUiILFDPHQWH
6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
6 R 9$
3 : 4 9$56 R 9$

JJG
3 : 4 9$5 \ 6 J R 9$

99
6 Ŀ9$
4 9$5
6J Ŀ9$
6 Ŀ9$ 3 :
4 9$5
3 :
Problema 8.4
+DOODUDQDOtWLFD\JUiILFDPHQWHHOWULiQJXORGHSRWHQFLDVGHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
VLVHVDEHTXHODSRWHQFLDUHDFWLYDWRWDOYDOH 47 9$5
,J
ȍ ȍ
9J
Mȍ Mȍ
B
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
67 M 9$ R 9$
3 :
3 : 37 3 3 : \
47 4 4 9$5
67 Ŀ9$ 4
4
3 3
100
Filtros ÍlGctricos Ín lterna
(VWH QRYHQR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVRWUDDSOLFDFLyQFRQFUHWDGHODFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD$&HQHVWHFDVRDSOLFDGDD
ORVVLVWHPDVFRQILOWURVHOpFWULFRVGHGLIHUHQWHVWLSRV
0HGLDQWH HVWRV SUREOHPDV HO OHFWRU DSUHQGHUi D FRQVWUXLU ILOWURV HOpFWULFRV EiVLFRV \ D
REWHQHUGLYHUVDVPRGDOLGDGHVGHHOORVFRPRVRQORVILOWURVSDVDEDMRVSDVDDOWRVHOLPLQD
EDQGDRSDVDEDQGD(VWRVILOWURVVHFRQVWUX\HQXWLOL]DQGR~QLFDPHQWHHOHPHQWRVSDVLYRV
FRPRVRQODVUHVLVWHQFLDVODVERELQDV\ORVFRQGHQVDGRUHVFRORFDGRVGHIRUPDDGHFXDGD
3RUWDQWRHVXQFDStWXORLPSRUWDQWHDXQTXHSXQWXDOVREUHODVDSOLFDFLRQHVGHODFRUULHQWH
DOWHUQDDOPXQGRLQGXVWULDODOWLHPSRTXHSHUPLWHYHUODYDULDELOLGDGGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWR
GH DOJXQRV HOHPHQWRV FRPR ODV ERELQDV \ ORV FRQGHQVDGRUHV FXDQGR DSOLFDPRV VREUH
HOORVGLIHUHQWHVIUHFXHQFLDVGDQGRXQDUHVSXHVWDGLVWLQWDHQIXQFLyQGHVXYDORU(VGHFLU
XQ PLVPR FRPSRQHQWH SXHGH FRPSRUWDUVH GH IRUPDV GLIHUHQWHV HQ IXQFLyQ GH OD
IUHFXHQFLDORFXDOQRRFXUUHDOWUDEDMDUFRQHOHPHQWRVUHVLVWLYRVTXHVRQLQYDULDEOHVDOD
IUHFXHQFLD
HVGHH[DPHQFRQORFXDOVHSURSLFLDXQHVWXGLRPiVUHDOGHODPDWHULD
103
Problema 9.1
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU HO PyGXOR GH OD IXQFLyQ GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD
JJG
9
$Y JJG
9
, 5 Nȍ ,

9 & 9
B B
6ROXFLyQ

MZ&
$Y GRQGH Z [
Z 5&
5 M
MZ& Z[
Problema 9.2
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU HO PyGXOR GH OD IXQFLyQ GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD
JJG
9
$Y JJG FRQ\VLQODUHVLVWHQFLDGHFDUJD 5&
9
, 5 Nȍ ,

9 5 Nȍ 9 5& Nȍ

B B
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9
6LQ FDUJD $Y JJG
9
JJG
9 53
&RQ FDUJD $Y JJG GRQGH 53 5 5&
9 5 53
104
Filtros Electricos En Alterna
Problema 9.3
3DUDHOILOWURSDVDDOWRVGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHVHSLGH
D +DOODUHOYDORUGHODLQGXFWDQFLD / VDELHQGRTXHODIUHFXHQFLDHV I +] \TXH

HOPyGXORGHODIXQFLyQGHWUDQVIHUHQFLDYDOH $Y
E &RQVHUYDQGR OD LQIRUPDFLyQ GHO DSDUWDGR DQWHULRU KDOODU OD QXHYD IUHFXHQFLD GHO
ILOWUR VL VH VDEH DKRUD TXH HO PyGXOR GH OD QXHYD IXQFLyQ GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD YDOH
$Y
, Nȍ ,

9 / 9
B B

6ROXFLyQ

$Y

§ I ·
¨ [ ¸
© ¹
D $Y

§Z ·
¨ [ ¸
©Z ¹
5
I [ 0+] / P +
S I [

E
o I 0+]
§ ·
¨¨ ¸¸
© I ¹
Problema 9.4
3DUDHOILOWURSDVDEDMRVGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODIUHFXHQFLDVLVHVDEHTXHHOPyGXOR
GHODIXQFLyQGHWUDQVIHUHQFLDYDOH $Y
, 5 ȍ ,

9 & ) 9
B B

105
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9
$Y JJG GRQGH Z [
9 Z 5&
M
Z[
JJG

9 Z
JJG SRU WDQWR
9 Z Z[
M
Z[
UDG
Z \SRU WDQWR I +]
5& V
Problema 9.5
3DUDHOILOWURSDVDDOWRVGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODU
D /D IUHFXHQFLD DQJXODU Z GHO ILOWUR VDELHQGR TXH HO PyGXOR GH OD IXQFLyQ GH
WUDQVIHUHQFLDYDOH $Y \TXHODFDUJDQRHVWiFRQHFWDGD5F
E (OPyGXORGHODIXQFLyQGHWUDQVIHUHQFLD $Y VLDKRUDVHFRQHFWDODFDUJD5F\
ODIUHFXHQFLDDQJXODUYDOH Z ā UDG V
, 5 ,

9 / 9 5& 0ȍ
B B
6ROXFLyQ
D Z ā UDG V
E $Y
Problema 9.6
3DUD HO ILOWUR SDVD DOWRV 5/ GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU OD IXQFLyQ GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD $9
FRQRFLHQGRODUHODFLyQ Z āZ [
106
, 5 Nȍ ,

9 / + 9
B B

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
JJG 9
$Y JJG R
9

Problema 9.7
3DUD HO ILOWUR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD IXQFLyQ GH WUDQVIHUHQFLD
*Y MZ \GHWHUPLQDUHOWLSRGHILOWUR

P)
YLW + ȍ YRW
B B
6ROXFLyQ
G
9R = HT MZ /
*Y MZ G
9L MZ / MZ /
= HT MZ / ā
& MZ& 5
MZ ā MZ

MZ MZ / § MZ · MZ

¨ ¸
© ¹
G MZ/ 5 MZ /
GRQGH = HT
5 MZ /

5
6HWUDWDGHXQIILOWURGHSDVDDRDOWRVV
Problema 9.8
$Y MZ \GHWHUPLQDUHOWLSRGHILOWUR
107
+
YLW P) ȍ YRW
B B
6ROXFLyQ
G
9R = HT 5
$Y MZ G
9L = HT MZ / 5 MZ /ā MZ 5&

MZ / MZ
MZ § MZ ·

MZ
MZ ā/&

¨ ¸
5 © ¹
G 5 & 5
GRQGH = HT
MZ / MZ&
6HWUDWDGHXQILOWURGHSDVDDREDMRVV
Problema 9.9
*Y MZ \GHWHUPLQDUHOWLSRGHILOWUR
5

YLW & 5 YRW
B B
6ROXFLyQ
9R 5 MZ 5& ā5
*Y MZ G
9L = HT 5 5 5 MZ 5 5 &
§ 5 · § MZ 5& ·
¨ ¸ā¨ ¸ GRQGH 5 5 5
© 5 5 ¹ © MZ 5& ¹
G 5 & 5
= HT Z] Z3
MZ 5& 5ā& 5ā&
MZ&
6HWUDWD
GHXQ
ILOWUR GH SDVDDR DOWRVV
108
Problema 9.10
*Y MZ
5

YLW YRW
B 5 B

6ROXFLyQ
§ ·
¨ 5 5 ¸ § MZ&5 ·
9R 9L ¨
¸ 9L ¨ ¸
¨ 5 5 5 ¸ © MZ&5 ¹
¨
MZ& ¸
© ¹
Z&5

9L § MZ&5 · 9R
¨ ¸ o *Y MZ
© MZ&5 ¹ 9L Z&5

5 &
B
YLW YRW
5 5
B

109
Circuitos magnéticamente acoplados
(VWH GpFLPR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVRWUDDSOLFDFLyQFRQFUHWDGHODFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD$&HQHVWHFDVRDSOLFDGRD
ORVVLVWHPDVFRQPiVGHXQDERELQDODVFXDOHVHVWiQPDJQpWLFDPHQWHDFRSODGDVSRUPHGLR
GHXQQ~FOHRIHUURPDJQpWLFR
(O DFRSODPLHQWR PDJQpWLFR HV OD EDVH GH OD PD\RU SDUWH GH ODV PiTXLQDV HOpFWULFDV ODV
FXDOHV VLQ HO PLVPR QR SRGUtDQ JLUDU DO QR SRGHU WHQHU HQWUHKLHUURV \D TXH pVWRV
LQWHUUXPSHQ ORV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV *UDFLDV D ODV SURSLHGDGHV GH WUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GH OD
HQHUJtDHOpFWULFDDPDJQpWLFD\YLFHYHUVDHVSRVLEOHTXHODHQHUJtDVHWUDQVPLWDSRUFRUWRV
UHFRUULGRVHQHODLUHHQWUHKLHUURV\DVtSHUPLWHTXHODVPiTXLQDVWHQJDQGLIHUHQWHVJUDGRV
GHOLEHUWDG\SXHGDQJLUDUVXVPHFDQLVPRV
/RV SUREOHPDV VH RUGHQDQ HQ SULPHU OXJDU WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD HO Q~PHUR GH ERELQDV
DFRSODGDV HQ XQ SULQFLSLR VXHOHQ VHU GRV SDUD SDVDU DO ILQDO GH ORV SUREOHPDV D WUHV
ERELQDV DFRSODGDV FRQ OR FXDO VX UHVROXFLyQ VH FRPSOLFD \ VH KDFH DFRQVHMDEOH OD
XWLOL]DFLyQGHSURJUDPDVLQIRUPiWLFRVSDUDDFRUWDUHOWLHPSRGHFiOFXOR
7DPELpQ QRWDU TXH H[LVWHQ GRV WLSRV GH SUREOHPDV DFRSODPLHQWR PDJQpWLFR ORV TXH
WRGDYtD LQFOX\HQ FLUFXLWR PDJQpWLFR \ ORV TXH FDUHFHQ GH pVWH (Q ORV SULPHURV GHEHQ
EXVFDUVHORVERUQHVRWHUPLQDOHVKRPyORJRVORTXHVLJQLILFDXQWUDEDMRH[WUDPLHQWUDVTXH
HQ ORV VHJXQGRV \D VH GDQ ORV ERUQHV \ SRU WDQWR QRV IDFLOLWDQ HO WUDEDMR 3DUD OD
GHWHUPLQDFLyQGHORVERUQHVKRPyORJRVHVQHFHVDULRTXHHOOHFWRUHVWHIDPLOLDUL]DGRFRQOD
5HJODGHOD0DQR'HUHFKDORTXHQRVSHUPLWHGHVFXEULUSRUGyQGH\FyPRIOXLUiHOIOXMR
PDJQpWLFR
/RVSUREOHPDVHVWiQGLVSXHVWRVGHPHQRUGLILFXOWDGDPD\RUGLILFXOWDGVLHQGRDOJXQRGH
HOORVGHH[DPHQFRQORFXDOVHSURSLFLDXQHVWXGLRPiVUHDOGHODPDWHULD
111
Problema 10.1
JJG
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU 9&
G
FRQVLGHUDQGRTXHHOFRHILFLHQWHGHDXWRLQGXFFLyQHQWUHERELQDGRVYDOH ; 0 M :

0
M M

Ŀ9 Ŀ9

9& B M
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9& R
Problema 10.2
+DOODUHQHOHVTXHPDGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYDHTXLYDOHQWH
G
; / HT HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
M M M
$ %
,/
M M
M
6ROXFLyQ
G
; / HT Mȍ
Problema 10.3
+DOODUODVHFXDFLRQHVGHPDOODGHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
112
0
/ /
5 5 5
LDW LEW

HJW

6ROXFLyQ
G LD W G LE W
HJ W 5LD W / 5 LD W LE W 0
GW GW
G LE W G LD W
HJ W 5 LE W / 5 LD W LE W 0
GW GW
Problema 10.4
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO FRHILFLHQWH GH DXWRLQGXFFLyQ ; 0 HQWUH
G
ERELQDGRV\HOYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXOD
,
M N M
M

Ŀ9
6ROXFLyQ
;0 Nā M; / ā M; / M ȍ

G
, R $
113
Problema 10.5
+DOODU HQ HO HVTXHPD GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YDORU GH OD LQGXFWDQFLD HTXLYDOHQWH /HT
HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
$ %
P+ N P+
P+
6ROXFLyQ
/HT P+
Problema 10.6
G
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODLPSHGDQFLDHTXLYDOHQWH = HT HQWUH
G JG JJG
ORVSXQWRV$\%+DOODWDPELpQODLQWHQVLGDGWRWDO , WRW , , TXHSDVDSRUHOFLUFXLWR
FXDQGRVHFRORFDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQDOWHUQDWLSRWHVWHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%GHYDORU
G
(J WHVW $% R 9

,
M
M M
6ROXFLyQ
G G
= HT R :, WRW , , R $
114
Problema 10.7
JJG JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , D H , E
M
M M

Ŀ9 ,D M ,E Ŀ9

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
, D R $, E R $
Problema 10.8
JJG JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , D H , E DVtFRPR
JJG
HOYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHODERELQD 9/
M
M

Ŀ9 ,D M 9/ ,E M
B

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
, D R $, E R $
JJG
9/ R 9
Problema 10.9
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ\1RUWRQ
JJG JJJG JJG
9WK = WK H , 1 HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%LQGLFDGRV
115
M

$
M M

Ŀ9

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJJG
9WK R 9
= WK R :
JJG
,1 R $
Problema 10.10
G
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD LPSHGDQFLD HTXLYDOHQWH = HT HQWUH ORV
SXQWRV$\%VLVHFRORFDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQDOWHUQDWLSRWHVWHQWUHGLFKRVSXQWRVGH
G
YDORU (J WHVW R 9

M
$
M
M M
%
6ROXFLyQ
G
= HT R : M:
Problema 10.11
G
G
YDORU (J WHVW R 9

$

M M
M
116
6ROXFLyQ
G
= HT R : M:
Problema 10.12
G
G
YDORU (J WHVW R 9

M M

M
M

%

6ROXFLyQ
G
= HT R : M :
Problema 10.13
JJG JJJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ 9WK \ = WK
HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
M
M M
$

Ŀ9 ,D ,E Ŀ9
%

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJJG
9WK R 9= WK R ȍ
117
Problema 10.14
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODU
D /DH[SUHVLyQWHPSRUDOGHODIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQDOWHUQD HJ W
JJG JJG
E (OFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH7KpYHQLQ 9WK \ = WK HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
JJG
F /DLQWHQVLGDGGH1RUWRQ , 1 HQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%
G /DPi[LPDSRWHQFLD 3Pi[ TXHVHSXHGHREWHQHUHQWHORVSXQWRV$\%
Y $% W āFRV S W 9
M
M
$
M

HJW M
6ROXFLyQ
D HJ W āFRV S W 9

JJG JJJG
E 9 WK 9= WK ȍ
JJG
F , 1 $
G 3Pi[ :
Problema 10.15
+DOODUHQWUHORVSXQWRV$\%GHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHGH
JJG JJJG JJG
7KpYHQLQ\1RUWRQ 9WK = WK H , 1 \ODPi[LPDSRWHQFLDWUDQVIHULGD 3Pi[
HJ W
āFRV S W R 9

M M

P+ $

HJW P+ P+ M M
118
6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJJG
9WK R 9 = WK R :
JJG
, 1 R $3Pi[ :
Problema 10.16
+DOODUSDUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDGSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUOD
JJG
IXHQWHGHFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD , J \HOYDORUGHODWHUFHUDLQGXFWDQFLDWRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQ
GHiQJXORV95
JJJG
95 95 R I +] : : $ $

/ + / 0 +
5 5 : & P ) ; & ; /

&
O
,J 5 / 0 / 5 /
A

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
,J R $/ +

Problema 10.17
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH HO YDORU GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU HO
JJG
FRQGHQVDGRU ,
M
M ,
M M
M
Ŀ9
M M

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
, R $
119
Problema 10.18
JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHODUHVLVWHQFLD 9
HJ W āFRV W 9

HJW P+ P+ P+ P+ 9
B
N N
6ROXFLyQ
JJG
9 R 9
Problema 10.19
JG JJG JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , WDO
FRPRHVWiQLQGLFDGDVHQODILJXUD
M
M ,
M
M M
M
Ŀ9 M Ŀ9
, ,
6ROXFLyQ
JG JJG
, R $ , R $
JJG
, R $
Problema 10.20
JG JJG
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYDORUGHODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHPDOOD , , H
JJG
, WDOFRPRHVWiQLQGLFDGDVHQODILJXUD
120
M
, M
M ,
M
Ŀ9 M
M M

,
6ROXFLyQ
JG JJG
, R $ , R $
JJG
, R $
121
Resonancia en circuitos eléctricos
(VWH RQFHDYR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVRWUDDSOLFDFLyQFRQFUHWDGHODFRUULHQWHDOWHUQD$&HQHVWHFDVRDOHVWXGLR
GHODUHVRQDQFLDGHORVFLUFXLWRVHOpFWULFRV
/D UHVRQDQFLD HOpFWULFD HV XQ IHQyPHQR TXH VH SURGXFH HQ XQ FLUFXLWR HQ HO TXH H[LVWHQ
HOHPHQWRV
5HDFWLYRVERELQDV\FRQGHQVDGRUHVFXDQGRHVUHFRUULGRSRUXQDFRUULHQWHDOWHUQDGHXQD

IUHFXHQFLD WDO TXH KDFH TXH OD UHDFWDQFLD VH DQXOH HQ FDVR GH HVWDU DPERV HQ VHULH R VH
KDJDLQILQLWDVLHVWiQHQSDUDOHOR3DUDTXHH[LVWDUHVRQDQFLDHOpFWULFDWLHQHTXHFXPSOLUVH
TXHODUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYDVHLJXDODDODUHDFWDQFLDFDSDFLWLYD(QWRQFHVODLPSHGDQFLDGHO
FLUFXLWRVHUHGXFHDXQDUHVLVWHQFLDSXUD
(VWDSURSLHGDGGHORVHOHPHQWRVUHDFWLYRVSHUPLWHLQQXPHUDEOHVDSOLFDFLRQHVHQHOPXQGR
LQGXVWULDO PRGHUQR LQFOXVR WDQ LQQRYDGRUDV FRPR HO WUDQVSRUWH GH HQHUJtD VLQ FDEOHV R
VLVWHPDVGHSURWHFFLyQDYDQ]DGRV
(Q HVWH FDStWXOR VROR VH RIUHFH XQD SULPHUD YLVLyQ GH HVWD GLVFLSOLQD SDUD TXH HO OHFWRU
SXHGDFRPSUHQGHUVXVEDVHV\IRUPDGHFiOFXORGHMDQGRSDUDREUDVPiVHVSHFLDOL]DGDVVX
UHVROXFLyQFRQFLUFXLWRVPiVUHDOHV\FRPSOHMRV
/RVSUREOHPDVHVWiQGLVSXHVWRVGHPHQRUGLILFXOWDGDPD\RUGLILFXOWDGVLHQGRDOJXQRGH
HOORVGHH[DPHQFRQORFXDOVHSURSLFLDXQHVWXGLRPiVUHDOGHODPDWHULD
123
Problema 11.1
+DOODU OD IUHFXHQFLD GH UHVRQDQFLD I R GHO FLUFXLWR HQ VHULH 5/& GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH
+DOODUWDPELpQODVIUHFXHQFLDVGHSRWHQFLDPHGLD I LQI \ I VXS
ȍ +

YJW )
6ROXFLyQ
ZR
IR ā +]
S /& S

ZLQI § § 5 ·

5 ·¸
I LQI ¨ ¨ ¸ ā +]
S ¨ © / ¹ /& / ¸¹ S
©
ZVXS § § 5 ·

5 ·¸
I VXS ¨ ¨ ¸ ā +]
S ¨ © / ¹ /& / ¸¹ S
©
Problema 11.2
+DOODUODIUHFXHQFLDGHUHVRQDQFLD I R GHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH
, ,

)
P+
9 9
ȍ
B B
6ROXFLyQ
ZR UDG V
IR +]
S S
Problema 11.3
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOYDORUGHODVUHVLVWHQFLDV 5 \ 5 SDUDTXHOD

UHGHQWUHHQUHVRQDQFLD
124
5 5
9
P+ )
B

6ROXFLyQ
5 5 :
Problema 11.4
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLDYDULDEOH 5 SDUDTXH
HOFLUFXLWRHQWUHHQUHVRQDQFLD6HSLGHWDPELpQFRQYHUWLUODUDPD 5& HQVXHTXLYDOHQWH
JJJJG
HQSDUDOHOR 5 S \ ; &S XQFLUFXLWRHTXLYDOHQWHFRQGRVUDPDVHQSDUDOHOR\FRQXQVROR
JJJJG
HOHPHQWR 5 S R ; &S HQFDGDXQDGHODVUDPDV
,
ȍ 5
9
Mȍ Mȍ
B

6ROXFLyQ
JJJJG
5 ȍ5 S ȍ\; &S M ȍ

Problema 11.5
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLDYDULDEOH 5 SDUDTXH
HQWUHHQUHVRQDQFLD6HSLGHWDPELpQFRQYHUWLUHOFLUFXLWRHQVXHTXLYDOHQWHHQSDUDOHORXQ
JJJJG
FLUFXLWRGHWUHVUDPDVHQFDGDXQDGHODVFXDOHVVHFRORFDUiXQVRORHOHPHQWR 5 S ; /S R
JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG
; &S +DOODUHQHVWHQXHYRFLUFXLWRORVYDORUHVGH 5 S ; /S \ ; &S
125
,
5 ȍ
9
Mȍ Mȍ
B

6ROXFLyQ
JJJJG JJJJG
5 ȍ5 S ȍ ; /S M ȍ ; &S M ȍ

Problema 11.6
JJJG JJJG
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU ORV YDORUHV GH 5 ; / \ ; & SDUD TXH HO
FLUFXLWRHQWUHHQUHVRQDQFLD
1RWD(VWHFLUFXLWRHVHOSDUDOHORGHOHMHUFLFLRDQWHULRUQ~PHUR
9 5 M;/ M;&
B

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG JJJG
5 ȍ ; / M ȍ ; & M ȍ

Problema 11.7
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU OD IUHFXHQFLD DQJXODU Pi[LPD ZPi[ \ OD
WHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVDOLGD 9Pi[
ȍ P+

āFRVȦW9 ) YW
B

126
6ROXFLyQ

ZPi[ ZR ā UDG V \ 9Pi[ 9
4

UDG ZR ā/
GRQGH ZR 4
/& V 5
Problema 11.8
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVDOLGD 9Pi[ \HODQFKR

GHEDQGD %: 5HFXpUGHVHTXHODWHQVLyQGHODIXHQWHHV9J
ȍ P+

āFRVȦW9 ) YW
B

6ROXFLyQ
4ā9J ZR
9Pi[ 9 \ %: UDG V
4

4
ZR ā/
GRQGH ZR UDG V \ 4
/& 5
Problema 11.9
D /DIUHFXHQFLDDQJXODUGHUHVRQDQFLD ZR
E (ODQFKRGHEDQGDGHOFLUFXLWR %:
F (OIDFWRUGHFDOLGDG 4
G /D SRWHQFLD GLVLSDGD WRWDO 3 \ OD SRWHQFLD GHO FRQMXQWR /& D OD IUHFXHQFLD GH
UHVRQDQFLD 3/& ZR
āFRVȦW ȍ P+ )
127
6ROXFLyQ
D ZR UDG V

E%: UDG V
5&
ZR
F4
%:
G 3 N: 3/& ZR N:

Problema 11.10
D /DLQGXFWDQFLD / GHODERELQD
E /DIUHFXHQFLDDQJXODUGHUHVRQDQFLD ZR
F (ODQFKRGHEDQGDGHOFLUFXLWR %:
G (OIDFWRUGHFDOLGDG 4

ȍ /

)
6ROXFLyQ
D / P+
EZR UDG V
5
F%: UDG V
/
ZR
G 4
%:
128
Transitorios en circuitos
eléctricos
(VWH GHFLPRVHJXQGR FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV
UHVSHFWLYDV VROXFLRQHV HV XQR GH ORV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV GH OD GLVFLSOLQD GH WHRUtD GH
FLUFXLWRV\DTXHFRQWLHQHFLUFXLWRVIRUPDGRVSRUWRGRWLSRGHHOHPHQWRV\IXHQWHVWDQWRHQ
FRQWLQXD FRPR HQ DOWHUQD \ SHUPLWH PRVWUDU VX UHVSXHVWD HQ XQ SHUtRGR WUDQVLWRULR HV
GHFLUHOSHUtRGRGHWLHPSRTXHWUDQVFXUUHHQWUHGRVHVWDGRVSHUPDQHQWHVRHVWDEOHV(OORVH
FRQVLJXHSRUHMHPSORPHGLDQWHHOHPSOHRGHLQWHUUXSWRUHVRFRQPXWDGRUHV
([LVWHQ GRV JUDQGHV WLSRV GHFLUFXLWRV WUDQVLWRULRV ORV GH SULPHU RUGHQ \ ORV GH VHJXQGR
RUGHQ /RV GH SULPHU RUGHQ VH UHILHUHQ D ORV FLUFXLWRV TXH WLHQHQ XQ VROR HOHPHQWR TXH
SXHGD DOPDFHQDU HQHUJtD ERELQD R FRQGHQVDGRU R HO HTXLYDOHQWH GH YDULRV GH HVWRV
HOHPHQWRV PLHQWUDV TXH ORV FLUFXLWRV GH VHJXQGR RUGHQ WLHQHQ GRV HOHPHQWRV FDSDFHV GH
DOPDFHQDUHQHUJtD\QRSXHGHQVLPSOLILFDUVHHQXQ~QLFRHOHPHQWRHTXLYDOHQWH
6L ELHQ ORV SULPHURV SUREOHPDV VRQ HVHQFLDOPHQWH GH FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD ORV
SUREOHPDV VLJXLHQWHV VRQ GH FLUFXLWRV TXH OOHYDQ LQFRUSRUDGDV XQD R YDULDV IXHQWHV
GHSHQGLHQWHVORTXHOHVFRQILHUHXQDUHVROXFLyQDOJRGLIHUHQWH$SDUWLUGHOSUREOHPD
ORV SRGHPRV HQFRQWUDU GH WRGR WLSR HQ FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD HQ FRUULHQWH DOWHUQD
DOLPHQWDGRVSRUGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHIXHQWHVGHSHQGLHQWHVFRQERELQDVFRQGHQVDGRUHVHWF
/D PD\RUtD GH FDVRV VRQ SUREOHPDV TXH KDQ VLGR XWLOL]DGRV SDUD H[iPHQHV \ SRU WDQWR
VRQUHFRPHQGDEOHVSDUDFRPSUREDUVLVHKDDVLPLODGRHOWHPDGHIRUPDVDWLVIDFWRULD
(VXQWHPDLPSRUWDQWHGHDKtHOQ~PHURHOHYDGRGHSUREOHPDVHQVXPD\RUtDGHSULPHU
RUGHQ\DSDUWLUGHOSUREOHPDGHXQQLYHOHOHYDGRGHGLILFXOWDG
131
Problema 12.1
(O FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH WUDEDMD HQ UpJLPHQ SHUPDQHQWH FRQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU N
FHUUDGR (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH DEUH HO LQWHUUXSWRU N &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD
H[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODUHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L W DQWHV\
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N
+
N ȍ
ȍ
LW
9

6ROXFLyQ
>W t V @ o L W H W $

Problema 12.2
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRUN
ȍ N
LW
+ ȍ $ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L W $

Problema 12.3
H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR YF W DQWHV \
132
Transitorios en circuitos eléctricos
9 Nȍ

Nȍ Nȍ Nȍ Y W
& )
B
N

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y& W 9
>W t V @ o Y& W H W 9

Problema 12.4
H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR Y W DQWHV \
)
N Nȍ
9 Nȍ Nȍ Y W

B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9
>W t V @ o Y W H W 9

Problema 12.5
133
ȍ N ȍ
9 ȍ LW +
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L W $
Problema 12.6
ȍ ȍ N
ȍ $ LW ȍ )
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L W $

Problema 12.7
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQHOFRQPXWDGRUNHQOD
SRVLFLyQ N (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V HO FRQPXWDGRU N FDPELD D OD SRVLFLyQ N &RQ HVWDV
FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR Y W DQWHV\GHVSXpVGHKDEHUFDPELDGRGHSRVLFLyQHOFRQPXWDGRUN
N ȍ ȍ
N
N

9 ) ȍ Y W

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9

>W t V @ o Y W H W
9
134
Problema 12.8
FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR L/ W DQWHV\GHVSXpVGHKDEHUFDPELDGRGHSRVLFLyQHOFRQPXWDGRUN
ȍ
N N
9 ȍ $

L/W +

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>W t V @ o L/ W H W
$
Problema 12.9
FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR Y& W DQWHV\GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOFRQPXWDGRUN
ȍ ȍ N N ȍ ȍ
9 ȍ ȍ 9

Y W
& )
B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y& W 9

>W t V @ o Y& W H W
9
135
Problema 12.10
DELHUWR (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH FLHUUD HO LQWHUUXSWRU N &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD
H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR Y& W DQWHV \
Nȍ ) Nȍ
B
Y W
&
P$ Nȍ N Nȍ 9

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y& W 9

>W t V @ o Y& W H 9
W
Problema 12.11
N ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ ȍ Y W

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9


Problema 12.12
FHUUDGR (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH DEUH HO LQWHUUXSWRU ݇ &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD
136
Nȍ )
Nȍ
9 Nȍ Nȍ Y W

B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9


Problema 12.13
)
9 Nȍ
9
N Nȍ Y W
Nȍ
B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9

>W t V @ o Y W H W
9
Problema 12.14
137
H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR L/ W DQWHV \
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N .
ȍ
ȍ ȍ
$ N
9 L/W +
ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>W t V @ o L/ W H $
W
Problema 2.15

P$ Nȍ ) Nȍ Y W

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9

W
>W t V @ o Y W H
9

Problema 12.16
138
ȍ ȍ
N

+ ȍ Y W

9 B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9

Problema 12.17
Nȍ N
) 9 Nȍ

Y W
Nȍ Nȍ 9
B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9 \


Problema 12.18
139

Nȍ Nȍ Y W

B
Nȍ
)
9

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9 \


Problema 12.19
ȍ N ȍ
Y W B

ȍ
9 ȍ 9 ȍ
+

6ROXFLyQ
>W t V @ o Y W 9

>W t V @ o Y W āH W 9

Problema 12.20
140
Nȍ Nȍ
)
N

Nȍ Y W

B
9 ) )

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9


Problema 12.21
9
P+
Nȍ P+ P+

N Nȍ Nȍ Y W

B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9


Problema 12.22
141
ȍ N
LW ȍ ȍ
ȍ +
9
$ +

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L W $


Problema 12.23
Nȍ Nȍ
LW Nȍ )
Nȍ Nȍ
)
N 9 )

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L W P$

>W t V @ o L W P$

Problema 12.24
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVN\
NDELHUWRV(QHOLQVWDQWH W V VHFLHUUDHOLQWHUUXSWRUN3RVWHULRUPHQWHHQHOLQVWDQWH
W V VHFLHUUDWDPELpQHOLQWHUUXSWRUN&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUODH[SUHVLyQGHOD
142
LQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L/ W DQWHVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGR
ORVGRVLQWHUUXSWRUHVN\NGXUDQWHHOSHUtRGRHQTXHXQRHVWiDELHUWR\HORWURFHUUDGR\
FXDQGR DPERV HVWiQ FHUUDGRV +DOODU WDPELpQ HO YDORU GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD
ERELQDSDUDORVLQVWDQWHVGHWLHPSR W V W V \W V
ȍ N ȍ
N
9 ȍ L/W +
9
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>V d W V @ o L/ W HW $
>W t V @ o L/ W HW $
L/ W V $ L/ W V $L/ W V $
Problema 12.25
(O FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH WUDEDMD HQ UpJLPHQ SHUPDQHQWH FRQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU
N DELHUWR\HOLQWHUUXSWRUN FHUUDGR(QHOLQVWDQWH W V DPERV LQWHUUXSWRUHVFDPELDQ
VX SRVLFLyQ HO SULPHUR VH FLHUUD \ HO VHJXQGR VH DEUH &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD
H[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L/ W DVtFRPRHO
YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR Y& W DQWHV \ GHVSXpV GH
KDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRORVGRVLQWHUUXSWRUHVN\N
ȍ ȍ N

P+ L/W N P) B
Y&W 9
L/W
+

I
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $ Y& W 9

>W t V @ o L/ W H W $Y& W H W 9

143
Problema 12.26
FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR L/ W DQWHV\GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOFRQPXWDGRUN
ȍ N
N
N
LW
+
I
LW ȍ L/W P+ $

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>W t V @ o L/ W H $

Problema 12.27
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUOD
ERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L/ W VDELHQGRTXH L/ W V $
ȍ P+
L/W
L/W +
I ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>W t V @ oL/ W H W $

Problema 12.28
+DOODU HQ HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH OD H[SUHVLyQ GH OD FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ HQ HO
FRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR Y& W VDELHQGRTXH Y& W V 9

Y&W ȍ P) Y&W
B
144
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o YF W 9

>W t V @ oY& W H W 9

Problema 12.29
+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUOD
UHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L W SDUD W t V VDELHQGRTXH Y& W V 9
ȍ
Y&W
ȍ ȍ LW
Y&W
ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
>W t V @ oL W H W $

Problema 12.30
ȍ
P+ N
L/W

ȍ ȍ Y W
9
B
L/W
+
I
6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o Y W 9


145
Problema 12.31
H[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUHOFRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L& W DQWHV
\GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRUN
YW
ȍ

$ N ȍ ȍ YW ) L&W
B

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L& W $

>W t V @ o L& W H W $

Problema 12.32
H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR L/ W DQWHV \
N ȍ LW ȍ

+
I
9 LW ȍ + L/W

6ROXFLyQ
>W V @ o L/ W $

>W t V @ o L/ W H W
$

Problema 12.33
SRVLFLyQ N &XDQGR OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD ERELQD HV Pi[LPD HO FRQPXWDGRU N
FDPELD D OD SRVLFLyQ N LQVWDQWH TXH VH WRPD FRPR QXHYR RULJHQ GH WLHPSRV W
V
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
146
D (OYDORUGH 5 SDUDTXHHQ W
PV ODLQWHQVLGDG L/ W
PV $
E /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
L/ W
SDUD W
! V
F (OYDORUGH L/ W
SDUD W
V
G /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR
࢜ࡸ (࢚Ԣ)SDUD W
! V
H (OYDORUGH Y/ W
SDUD W
V
§ S·
LJ W āFRV ¨S W ¸ $
© ¹
ʌP)
N N
N
L/W
LJW ȍ 5
Y W
/
ʌ+ B

6ROXFLyQ
D 5 ȍ
E>W ! V @ o L/ W
H W $

FL/ W
V $
G ª¬W ! V º¼ o Y/ W

H W 9

HY/ 9
Problema 12.34
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N
FHUUDGR N \ N DELHUWRV(QHOLQVWDQWH W
V VHDEUHHOLQWHUUXSWRU N \VHFLHUUD N
3RVWHULRUPHQWHFXDQGR W V VHFLHUUDHOLQWHUUXSWRU N \VHYXHOYHDDEULU N LQVWDQWH
TXHVHWRPDFRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV W
V &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRU Y& W V
E /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRU Y& V d W V
F /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRU Y& W
! V
G (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUSDUD Y& W
V
147
Y W
&
B
ȍ
)
9 9 ȍ
N ȍ ȍ
N N

6ROXFLyQ

D Y& W V 9

W
EY& V d W V H

FY& W ! V H 9

W
G Y& W
V 9

Problema 12.35
SRVLFLyQ N &XDQGRHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHODERELQD Y/ W HVPi[LPRLQVWDQWH W V
HOFRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUSDUD Y&
E (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHODERELQDSDUD Y&
F /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODSRUODSULPHUDUHVLVWHQFLD L5 W !
G /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODSRUODVHJXQGDUHVLVWHQFLD L5 W !
HJ W āFRV S W 9

5 ȍ
N N
N
L5W

HJW ʌP+ Y W/
Y W
L5W 5 ȍ
B & ʌP)
B

6ROXFLyQ
D YF 9
EY/ 9
148
FL5 W ! āFRV S āW R H S W $

G L5 W ! H S W
$
Problema 12.36
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N
FHUUDGR N \ N DELHUWRV (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH FLHUUD HO LQWHUUXSWRU N \ FXDQGR
L/ W $ VH DEUHQ ORV LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N \ VH FLHUUD N LQVWDQWH TXH VH WRPD
FRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV W
D /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD SULPHUD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR L/ W FRQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR
E /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU OD SULPHUD ERELQD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSR L/ W
FRQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR
LJ W āFRV W $

N ȍ N / + ȍ
9 ȍ / + L/W N LJW
6ROXFLyQ
D L/ W H $

W
EL/ W
āFRV W
R H W
$
Problema 12.37
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQORVLQWHUUXSWRUHV N N
\ N DELHUWRV (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH FLHUUD HO LQWHUUXSWRU N 3RVWHULRUPHQWH FXDQGR
Y& W W P9 LQVWDQWHTXHVHWRPDFRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV W
V VHDEUH
HOLQWHUUXSWRU N \VHFLHUUD N &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D /D H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR
Y& W FRQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR
149
E /D H[SUHVLyQ GHO YROWDMH HQ ERUQHV GHO FRQGHQVDGRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR
Y& W
HJ W FRV W 9

N N
$

ȍ Y W
& P) HJW
B
+
ȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
D Y& W H W

9
EY& W
ā āFRV W
R H W 9

Problema 12.38
FHUUDGR\HOFRQPXWDGRUNHQODSRVLFLyQ N &XDQGRODHQHUJtDDOPDFHQDGDHQODSULPHUD
ERELQDHVPi[LPD\ODHQHUJtDSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQDOWHUQDHVSRVLWLYD
LQVWDQWHTXHVHWRPDFRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV W
V VHDEUHHOLQWHUUXSWRU N \HO
FRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D (OYDORUGH݅௅ଵ (‫ ݐ‬ᇱ = 0ା ‫)ݏ‬MXVWRHQHOLQVWDQWHGHOFDPELR
E /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODSULPHUDERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHO
WLHPSR L/ W
GHVSXpVGHOFDPELRHQHOLQWHUUXSWRU\FRQPXWDGRU

LJ W FRV S W $
HJ W FRV S W 9

ȍ N N N
N
/ L/W

HJW ȍ ȍ / 5
ȍ LJW
/ ʌ+ / ʌ+

150
6ROXFLyQ
D L/ W
V $
EL/ W
ā āFRV S W
R H W $

Problema 12.39
SRVLFLyQ N &XDQGRODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHVPi[LPDLQVWDQWHTXHVHWRPD
FRPR QXHYR RULJHQ GH WLHPSRV W
V HO FRQPXWDGRU N FDPELD D OD SRVLFLyQ N
3RVWHULRUPHQWHFXDQGR W
PV HOFRQPXWDGRUNYXHOYHDFDPELDUDODSRVLFLyQ N
LQVWDQWH TXH VH WRPD FRPR QXHYR RULJHQ GH WLHPSRV W
V &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV

KDOODU
D (OYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQHOLQVWDQWHMXVWRDQWHVGHO
SULPHUFDPELRHQHOFRQPXWDGRU L/ W

E /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
L/ W
GHVSXpVGHOSULPHUFDPELRHQHOFRQPXWDGRU
F /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
L/ W
GHVSXpVGHOVHJXQGRFDPELRHQHOFRQPXWDGRU
HJ W FRV S W R 9

N Mȍ
N
N
L/W

HJW ȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
D L/ W
$
EL/ W

H W $
FL/ W
āFRV S W
R H W $

Problema 12.40
FHUUDGR(QHOLQVWDQWH W V VHDEUHHOLQWHUUXSWRUN&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
151
D (OYDORUGHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRU\HOGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVD
SRUODVHJXQGDERELQDHQHOLQVWDQWHMXVWRGHVSXpVGHTXHHOLQWHUUXSWRUKD\D
FDPELDGRGHSRVLFLyQ Y& HL/ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
E /DLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODSULPHUDERELQDSDUDXQWLHPSRLQILQLWR L/ f
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU
ȍ N 9

9 ȍ / P+ L/W ȍ P) Y W
&
B
L/W
/ P+ ȍ
6ROXFLyQ
D Y& W V 9 \ L/ W V $

EL/ W f V $

Problema 12.41
H[SUHVLyQGHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHODUHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR Y W ! V GHVSXpV
GHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRUN
HJ W FRV W 9

N P) YW
+
I

HJW ȍ YW ȍ Y W

B B

6ROXFLyQ
Y W ! V FRV W R H W 9

Problema 12.42
152
H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH SDVD SRU HO LQWHUUXSWRU HQ IXQFLyQ GHO WLHPSR L W ! V
ȍ ȍ
9 ) N LW
ȍ P+

6ROXFLyQ
L W ! V H W
H W $
Problema 12.43
(OFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHWUDEDMDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQORVLQWHUUXSWRUHV N \
N DELHUWRV (Q HO LQVWDQWH W V VH FLHUUD HO LQWHUUXSWRU N 3RVWHULRUPHQWH FXDQGR
Y& W P9 VHYXHOYHDDEULUHOLQWHUUXSWRU N \VHFLHUUD N LQVWDQWHTXHVHWRPD
FRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV W
D /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
SDUD YF W FRQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR
E /D H[SUHVLyQ WHPSRUDO GH OD IXHQWH GH WHQVLyQ HJ W

f FRQ HO LQWHUUXSWRU
N FHUUDGR
F /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
SDUD YF W
G (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUSDUD Y& W
P V
H /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH FLUFXOD SRU OD UHVLVWHQFLD 5 SDUD L5 W

HJ W FRV W 9

P+ N N

$ ȍ Y W B
& ) HJW
ȍ 5 ȍ
153
6ROXFLyQ
D Y& W H W 9
EHJ W
f āFRV W
R 9

FYF W
FRV W
H
R W
9
G YF W
PV 9
HL5 W
āFRV W
R ā H W $

Problema 12.44
SRVLFLyQ N &XDQGR OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD ERELQD HV LJXDO D FHUR \ OD WHQVLyQ HQ
ERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUHVSRVLWLYDLQVWDQWHTXHVHWRPDFRPRQXHYRRULJHQGHWLHPSRV
W
V HOFRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUSDUD Y& W
V
E 3DUD W
! V ODFRQVWDQWHGHWLHPSRGHOFRQGHQVDGRU W &
F (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUSDUD W
! V Y& W
! V
G (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHODERELQDSDUD W
V Y/ W
V
HJ W FRV W 9

ȍ
N N
N
ȍ

HJW ȍ
P+ Y W/
B
Y W
& P)
B

6ROXFLyQ
D Y& W
V 9
EW F V
FY& W ! V

FRV W
R H W 9

G Y/ W
V 9

154
Problema 12.45
DELHUWR(QHOLQVWDQWH W V VHFLHUUDHOLQWHUUXSWRUN(QHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV+DOOD

D (O YDORU GH OD HQHUJtD Pi[LPD GH OD VHJXQGD ERELQD SDUD W
V
(/ W
V

E (O YDORU GH OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD VHJXQGD ERELQD SDUD W V
Y/ W V
F (O YDORU GH OD WHQVLyQ HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % SDUD XQ WLHPSR LQILQLWR
Y $% W fV GHVSXpVGHFHUUDUVHHOLQWHUUXSWRUN
ȍ / P+ $ ȍ N
ȍ
9 ȍ $

/ P+ Y W
/
B
%

6ROXFLyQ
D (/ W V -

EY/ W V 9
FY $% W f V 9
Problema 12.46
FHUUDGR\HOFRQPXWDGRUNHQODSRVLFLyQ N (QHOLQVWDQWH W V VHDEUHHOLQWHUUXSWRU
N \HOFRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
D /DH[SUHVLyQGHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOFRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
XQDYH]DFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU Y& W ! V
E /D H[SUHVLyQ GH OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH FLUFXOD SRU OD UHVLVWHQFLD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO
WLHPSRXQDYH]DFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU L W ! V
155
ȍ N
N N
N LW
9 ȍ Y W
B ) 9
&

6ROXFLyQ
D Y& W ! V H 9

W
EL W ! V H $

W
Problema 12.47
SRVLFLyQ N (QHOLQVWDQWH W V HOFRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDV
FRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODUHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHO
WLHPSR L W ! V GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOFRQPXWDGRU
Q)
)
Nȍ N
N
N
Nȍ Q) LW Nȍ

$ Nȍ
Nȍ

6ROXFLyQ
L W ! V H W $

Problema 12.48
DELHUWR (QHOLQVWDQWH W V VHFLHUUDHOLQWHUUXSWRUN&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUOD
H[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUHOFRQGHQVDGRUHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L& W ! V
GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU
P) L&W P) ȍ ȍ

ȍ
9
N
156
6ROXFLyQ
L& W ! V H W $

Problema 12.49
SRVLFLyQ N (QHOLQVWDQWH W V HOFRQPXWDGRUNFDPELDDODSRVLFLyQ N &RQHVWDV
FRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUODH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGTXHSDVDSRUODUHVLVWHQFLDHQIXQFLyQGHO
WLHPSR L W ! V GHVSXpVGHKDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOFRQPXWDGRU
N
N
N
ȍ
P)
ȍ $ ȍ
9 LW ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
L W ! V H W

$
Problema 12.50
H[SUHVLyQGHOYROWDMHHQERUQHVGHODERELQDHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR Y/ W ! V GHVSXpVGH
KDEHUVHDFFLRQDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU
ȍ
N ȍ
9

$ ȍ ȍ + Y W
/
B

6ROXFLyQ
Y/ W ! V H W 9

157

Cálculo de potencias en
circuitos monofásicos
(O GHFLPRWHUFHU FDStWXOR IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHVHVRWURGHORVFDStWXORVLPSRUWDQWHVGHODGLVFLSOLQDGHODWHRUtDGHFLUFXLWRV\D
TXHHQJOREDHOFiOFXORGHSRWHQFLDHQORVFLUFXLWRVPRQRIiVLFRV3RUWDQWRHVXQFDStWXOR
FRQ SUiFWLFDPHQWH WRGRV ORV HOHPHQWRV SDVLYRV UHVLVWHQFLDV ERELQDV \ FRQGHQVDGRUHV
FRQ IXHQWHV HQ DOWHUQD \ VREUH WRGR FRQ XQRV HOHPHQWRV QXHYRV ORV HOHPHQWRV GH
PHGLFLyQDPSHUtPHWURVYROWtPHWURV\YDWtPHWURV
(VWHFDStWXORWDPELpQVHFDUDFWHUL]DSRUXQDPD\RUGLILFXOWDGPDWHPiWLFD\DTXHDOJXQRV
SUREOHPDVUHTXLHUHQHODQiOLVLVJUiILFRRODDSOLFDFLyQGHWHRUHPDVFRPRORVGHOVHQRRGHO
FRVHQR3RUWDQWRHVXQRGHORVFDStWXORVFRPSOHMRVGHODREUD\H[LJHXQFRQRFLPLHQWR
PDWHPiWLFRHOHYDGR
/RVSULPHURVSUREOHPDVVRQGHLQLFLDFLyQ\VXGLILFXOWDGHVSURJUHVLYDSHURVLHPSUH
GHQWURGHXQRVOtPLWHVUD]RQDEOHV$SDUWLUGHOSUREOHPD\ KDVWDHOORVSUREOHPDV
VRQPiVODUJRV\GLItFLOHVGHUHVROYHUFRQQXPHURVDVDSOLFDFLRQHVPDWHPiWLFDV(VWHHVHO
FDStWXORTXHH[LJHPiVFRQRFLPLHQWRVPDWHPiWLFRVORFXDOFRQOOHYDXQDPD\RUGLILFXOWDG
GHFiOFXOR
$SDUWLUGHOSUREOHPD\KDVWDHOILQDOORVSUREOHPDVVRQPiVODUJRV\GHH[DPHQSHUR
PiV VHQFLOORV TXH ORV DQWHULRUHV SXHV QR UHTXLHUHQ WDQWDV QRFLRQHV PDWHPiWLFDV \ SRU
WDQWR OD FRPSOHMLGDG GH FiOFXOR HV PHQRU (VWRV ~OWLPRV SUREOHPDV VRQ ORV PiV
UHFRPHQGDGRVSDUDDQDOL]DUHOQLYHOGHFRPSUHQVLyQDOFDQ]DGR
(QGHILQLWLYDHVXQWHPDLPSRUWDQWHGHDTXtHOQ~PHURHOHYDGRGHSUREOHPDV
159
Problema 13.1
6LODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHXQDFDUJD\ODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODDWUDYpVGHHOODVRQ
Y W FRV W R 9

L W FRV W R $

+DOODUODSRWHQFLDLQVWDQWiQHD SW \ODSRWHQFLDPHGLD 3 DEVRUELGDSRUGLFKDFDUJD
6ROXFLyQ
S W FRV W :

R

3 FRV R : :

Problema 13.2
YW FRVW q9
L W VLQ W R $
+DOODUODSRWHQFLDLQVWDQWiQHD SW \ODSRWHQFLDPHGLD 3 DEVRUELGDSRUGLFKDFDUJD
6ROXFLyQ
S W FRV W :

R

3 :

Problema 13.3
G
6HGLVSRQHGHXQDLPSHGDQFLDGHYDORU = M : TXHSUHVHQWDXQD WHQVLyQHQWUH
G
VXVERUQHVGH 9 9
+DOODUODSRWHQFLDPHGLD 3 DEVRUELGDSRUGLFKDFDUJD
6ROXFLyQ
3 :
160
Cálculo de potencias en circuitos monofásicos
Problema 13.4
G
'LVSRQHPRVGHXQDLPSHGDQFLDGHFDUJDGHYDORU = : SRUODFXDOFLUFXODXQD
G
LQWHQVLGDGGHYDORU , 9
+DOODUODSRWHQFLDPHGLD 3 DEVRUELGDSRUGLFKDFDUJD
6ROXFLyQ
3 :
Problema 13.5
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU OD SRWHQFLD PHGLD SURSRUFLRQDGD SRU FDGD
HOHPHQWRGHOFLUFXLWR 39 35 \3&
ȍ

Ŀ9 M
,

1RWD 8QD SRWHQFLD QHJDWLYD VROR VLJQLILFD TXH HO HOHPHQWR DEVRUEH HQHUJtD HQ YH] GH
SURSRUFLRQDUOD
6ROXFLyQ
39 : 35 : 3& :

Problema 13.6
HOHPHQWRGHOFLUFXLWR 39 35 \3&
ȍ Mȍ

Ŀ9
,

1RWD 8QD SRWHQFLD QHJDWLYD VROR VLJQLILFD TXH HO HOHPHQWR DEVRUEH HQHUJtD HQ YH] GH
SURSRUFLRQDUOD
6ROXFLyQ
39 : 35 : 3/ :
161
Problema 13.7
HOHPHQWRGHOFLUFXLWR 39 J 3, 35 3& \ 3/
J

ȍ M

,J Ŀ$ Mȍ 9J Ŀ9

6ROXFLyQ
39J : 3, J : 35 : 3& 3/ :

Problema 13.8
HOHPHQWRGHOFLUFXLWR 39 J 3, J 35 3& \ 3/

ȍ Mȍ

9J Ŀ9 M 9J Ŀ9

6ROXFLyQ
39J : 39J : 35 : 3& 3/ :

Problema 13.9
G
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODLPSHGDQFLDGHFDUJD = & TXHPD[LPLFHOD
SRWHQFLDTXHVHWUDQVILHUHDODPLVPD,QGLFDUWDPELpQHOYDORUGHGLFKDSRWHQFLDPi[LPD
3Pi[
ȍ Mȍ
ȍ

Ŀ9 =&
M
162
6ROXFLyQ
G G 9WK
=& = WK M ȍ3Pi[ :
ā5WK
9WK 9
Problema 13.10
G
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODLPSHGDQFLDGHFDUJD = & TXHPD[LPLFHOD
3Pi[
M
Mȍ
ȍ Ŀ$ ȍ =&

6ROXFLyQ
G G
=& = WK M ȍ3Pi[ :
Problema 13.11
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH KDOODUODUHVLVWHQFLD GHFDUJD 5& TXH PD[LPLFHOD

3Pi[
ȍ M

Ŀ9 Mȍ 5&

6ROXFLyQ
5& ȍ3Pi[ :

Problema 13.12
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH KDOODUODUHVLVWHQFLD GHFDUJD 5& TXH PD[LPLFHOD

3Pi[
163
ȍ Mȍ

Ŀ9 M 5&

6ROXFLyQ
5& ȍ3Pi[ :

Problema 13.13
Y W FRV S W R 9

L W FRV S W R $
G
+DOODHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD FRVM HOPyGXORGHODSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWH 6 \ODLPSHGDQFLD
G
GHHVWDFDUJD = &
6ROXFLyQ
G
FRV M FRV M9Ö M ,Ö FDSDFLWLYR 6 9$
G
= & M ȍ

Problema 13.14
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD FRVM&Ö \HOPyGXORGH

G
ODSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGHODFDUJD 6& VLVHFRQRFH
HJ W FRV W R 9

G
=& M ȍ
LW

HJW =&
164
6ROXFLyQ
FRV M&Ö LQGXFWLYR R DWUDVDGR

JJG
6& 9$
Problema 13.15
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHODIXHQWH FRVM9Ö \OD

SRWHQFLD 39 TXHHQWUHJDODPLVPD
ȍ

Ŀ9 M ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
FRV M9Ö FDSDFLWLYR R DGHODQWDGR

39
9 ā, āFRV M7RWDO
n :
Problema 13.16
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHODIXHQWH FRV M9Ö \OD

SRWHQFLD 39 TXHHQWUHJDODPLVPD
ȍ

Ŀ9 Mȍ M

6ROXFLyQ
FRV M9Ö LQGXFWLYR R DWUDVDGR

39 :
Problema 13.17
6HWLHQHTXHODWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHXQDFDUJD\ODLQWHQVLGDGTXHFLUFXODDWUDYpVGHHOOD
VRQ
Y W FRV ZW R 9

L W FRV ZW R $
165
G
&RQ HVWRV GDWRV KDOODU OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GH OD FDUJD 6& HO PyGXOR GH VXV GRV
FRPSRQHQWHV 3& \ 4& VXIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD FRV M&Ö \HOYDORUGHHVWDLPSHGDQFLDGH
G
FDUJD = &
6ROXFLyQ
3& : 4& 9$56& 9$

G
FRV M&Ö FDSDFLWLYR = & R ȍ

Problema 13.18
G
6H WLHQH TXH OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH XQD FDUJD HV 9
& R 9
\ OD LQWHQVLGDG TXH
G
FLUFXODDWUDYpVGHHOODHV , & $
R
G
&RQ HVWRV GDWRV KDOODU OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GH OD FDUJD 6& HO PyGXOR GH VXV GRV
FRPSRQHQWHV 3& \ 4& VXIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD FRV M&Ö \HOYDORUGHHVWDLPSHGDQFLDGH
G
FDUJD = &
6ROXFLyQ
G
6& R 9$
3& : 4& 9$5
FRV M&Ö LQGXFWLYR
G
=& M ȍ

Problema 13.19
G
8QD FDUJD = & WLHQH XQ IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD FRV M&Ö L LQGXFWLYR DEVRUELHQGR
XQDSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGH N9$ GHXQD IXHQWHGHWHQVLyQVLQXVRLGDOFRQYDORUHILFD] GH
9HI 9
G
&RQ HVWRV GDWRV KDOODU OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GH OD FDUJD 6& \ HO PyGXOR GH VXV GRV
FRPSRQHQWHV 3& \ 4& +DOODUDVLPLVPRHOPyGXORGHODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDTXHFLUFXODD
G
WUDYpVGHHOOD , Pi[ \HOYDORUGHHVWDLPSHGDQFLD = &

6ROXFLyQ
G
6& M 9$
3& : 4& 9$5
G
, Pi[ ā , $
G
=& R ȍ
166
Problema 13.20
G
8QDFDUJDGHYDORU = & : DEVRUEHXQDSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGH N9$ GHXQD
IXHQWHGHWHQVLyQVLQXVRLGDO
&RQHVWRVGDWRVKDOODUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD FRV M&Ö GHODFDUJDODSRWHQFLDUHDFWLYDTXH

FRQVXPH 4& \ODWHQVLyQPi[LPDDODFXDOHVWiVRPHWLGD 9Pi[
6ROXFLyQ
FRV M&Ö FDSDFLWLYR

9Pi[ N9
Problema 13.21
G
3DUD HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH KDOODU OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GH OD FDUJD 6& \ HO
PyGXORGHVXVGRVFRPSRQHQWHV 3& \ 4&
ȍ Mȍ

Ŀ9 =& M

6ROXFLyQ
G
6& R 9$
3& : 4& 9$5
Problema 13.22
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHVXPLQLVWUDGDSRUODIXHQWH
G
GH WHQVLyQ 69 \ HO PyGXOR GH VXV GRV FRPSRQHQWHV 39 \ 49 DVt FRPR VX IDFWRU GH
SRWHQFLD FRV M9Ö

Ŀ9 Ŀ Ŀ

6ROXFLyQ
G
69 R 9$
39 : 49 9$5
FRV M9Ö LQGXFWLYR
167
Problema 13.23
6HWLHQHQGRVFDUJDVFRORFDGDVHQSDUDOHORHQXQFLUFXLWRTXHSUHVHQWDQODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
VLJXLHQWHV
&DUJDQ 3& N: \ FRV M&m F
&DUJDQ 3&
N: \ FRV M&m L
&RQHVWRVGDWRVKDOODUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHOFRQMXQWRGHODVFDUJDV FRV M7RW

m
\OD
G
SRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHWRWDOTXHFRQVXPHQ 67RW
6ROXFLyQ

FRV M7RW
m FDSDFLWLYR
G
67RW M N9$
Problema 13.24
8QDFDUJDHVWiFRQHFWDGDDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQGH 9 \ += GLVSRQLHQGRGHXQ

IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGH FRV M&l L LQGXFWLYR
&RQHVWRVGDWRVKDOODUHOYDORUGHODFDSDFLGDG & QHFHVDULDTXHKD\TXHDxDGLUDOFLUFXLWR

SDUD REWHQHU XQ IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD FRV M&l L LQGXFWLYR ,QGLFDU DVLPLVPR HO
YDORUGHODSRWHQFLDUHDFWLYDGHFRPSHQVDFLyQ 4FRPS
6ROXFLyQ
& P )
4FRPS 9$5

Problema 13.25
8QDFDUJDHVWiFRQHFWDGDDXQDIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQGH 9 \ += WLHQHXQ IDFWRUGH

SRWHQFLDGH FRV M&l L \FRQVXPHXQDSRWHQFLDUHDFWLYDGH N9$5
&RQHVWRVGDWRVKDOODUHOYDORUGHODFDSDFLGDG & QHFHVDULDTXHKD\TXHDxDGLUDOFLUFXLWR

SDUDPHMRUDUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDKDVWDODXQLGDG
6ROXFLyQ
& P)
168
Problema 13.26
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWUR :
ȍ Mȍ O

Ŀ9
M

6ROXFLyQ
: :
Problema 13.27
3DUDHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHKDOODUODOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWUR :
M
O

Ŀ9 Mȍ ȍ

6ROXFLyQ
: :
Problema 13.28
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYDWtPHWURHV : :
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURV$\$VRQ $ $\$ $
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYROWtPHWURHV 9 9
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQKDOODU
D /DVOHFWXUDVGHOSULPHUDPSHUtPHWUR\GHOWHUFHUYROWtPHWUR$\9
E 6L HQ HO SULPHU YROWtPHWUR VH OHH 9 9 GHWHUPLQDU HO PyGXOR GH OD
JJG
WHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWH 9J \ODOHFWXUDGHOSULPHUYDWtPHWUR :
169
O
=/ =/Ŀ O
A1 W1 W2 A3
V1 A2
5
9J M; V3
M; V2

6ROXFLyQ
D $ $9 9

JJG
E9J 9 : :

Problema 13.29
JJG
/D LPSHGDQFLD FRPSOHMD GHO FRQMXQWR HQ VHULH = 5 M; FRLQFLGH FRQ OD
JJG
LPSHGDQFLDFRPSOHMDGHOFRQMXQWRHQSDUDOHOR = 5 M;
JJG
(OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWHYDOH 9J 9
/DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWURHV 9 9
/DOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWURHV $ $
D /DOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWUR:
JJG
E /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD ; \ODUHVLVWHQFLD 5
V 5
A
O
M; 5
W
M;

9J

6ROXFLyQ
D : :
E5 ȍ; Mȍ
170
Problema 13.30
JJG

&RQVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGRODVOHFWXUDVGHORVDSDUDWRVGHPHGLFLyQKDQVLGR
$ $ : : \ 9 9
&RQVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWRODVOHFWXUDVGHORVDSDUDWRVGHPHGLFLyQKDQVLGR
$ $ \ : : GHWLSRFDSDFLWLYR
D /DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWUR 9
JJG
E /DLPSHGDQFLDGHODVHJXQGDFDUJD =
O
M; 5
A W
V1
N N

9J V2
= 5M; M;

6ROXFLyQ
D 9 9
JJJG
E= M ȍ
Problema 13.31
JJG
/DOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWURHV $ $
/DOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWURHV : : GHWLSRLQGXFWLYR
JJG
D /DUHDFWDQFLDFDSDFLWLYDGHOFRQGHQVDGRU ;
JJJG
E /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD ; \ODUHVLVWHQFLD 5
171
M;
O
W A
5

9J M
M;

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
D ; Mȍ
JJJG
E5 ȍ ; M ȍ

Problema 13.32
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURV$\$VRQ $ $ \ $ $
/DOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWURHV : :
JJJG
D /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYDGHODERELQD ; \ODOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWUR$
E /DUHVLVWHQFLD 5 VLVHVDEHTXHHOPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUOD
JJG
IXHQWHYDOH 9J 9
5 O
A1 W A3
A2 M;

9J V
M; 5

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
D ; M ȍ$ $
E5 ȍ

172
Problema 13.33
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRDPSHUtPHWURHV $ $
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYROWtPHWURV9\9VRQ 9 9 \ 9 9
/DOHFWXUDGHOSULPHUYDWtPHWURHV : :
(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHODIXHQWHHVLJXDODODXQLGDG FRVWRW M

JJG
/DFDUJD = HVFDSDFLWLYD
D /DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYDWtPHWUR :
JJG
E (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWH 9J
F /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURV $ \ $
O
= =Ŀ O
W1 W2
A2
A3
5
9J V3
M;
M; V2
A1

6ROXFLyQ
D : :
JJG
E9J 9
F$ $\ $ $
Problema 13.34
/DOHFWXUDGHOSULPHUDPSHUtPHWURHV $ $
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYROWtPHWUR 9 9
173
(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHWRGRHOFLUFXLWRHVLJXDODODXQLGDG FRVWRW M
JJG
D (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQSURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWH 9J
E /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURV $ \ $
O
A1 W
A2
A3

9J V2
M;
M;
M;

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
D 9J 9
E$ $$ $

Problema 13.35
JJG
&RQ DPERV LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N FHUUDGRV ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH
PHGLGDKDQVLGR $ $ \ : :
&RQ VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR OD OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU DPSHUtPHWUR KD VLGR
$ $
&RQ VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWR ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV DSDUDWRV GH PHGLGD KDQ VLGR
$ $ $ $ 9 9 \ : :
JJG JJG
D /DLPSHGDQFLD = \ODUHDFWDQFLDFDSDFLWLYD ;
E /DUHVLVWHQFLD 5 \ODOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRDPSHUtPHWUR $
174
N
= M;
O
A1 W
A3
A2
5

9J N
=
M; V1

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
D = Mȍ ; M ȍ
E5 ȍ$ $
Problema 13.36
JJG
(O PyGXOR GH OD WHQVLyQ SURSRUFLRQDGD SRU OD IXHQWH YDOH 9J 9 V FRQ XQD
IUHFXHQFLDGH I +]
&RQ VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH PHGLGD KDQ
VLGR $ $ \ : :
&RQ DPERV LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ DELHUWRV ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH PHGLGD
KDQVLGR $ $ \ : : LQGXFWLYR
&RQ VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR OD OHFWXUD GHO VHJXQGR DPSHUtPHWUR KD VLGR
$ $
JJG
D /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD ; \ODUHVLVWHQFLD 5
JJJG JJJG
E (OPyGXORGHODVWHQVLRQHV 9$% \ 9%&
JJJG
F /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD ;
175
5
O
A1 W $ M; %
N 5

9J N
M;
M;
A2
&

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG
D ; M ȍ 5 ȍ
JJJG JJJG
E 9$% 9 9%& 9
JJJG
F; M ȍ

Problema 13.37
JJG
(VWDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWRODVOHFWXUDVGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPHGLGDKDQVLGR
$ $ 9 9 \ : : LQGXFWLYR
(VWDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGRODVOHFWXUDVGHORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPHGLGDKDQVLGR
$ $ \ : : GHFDUiFWHUFDSDFLWLYR
JJG JJJG
D /DVUHDFWDQFLDV ; \ ; \ODUHVLVWHQFLD 5
JJJG
E /DUHDFWDQFLDFDSDFLWLYD ; ODUHVLVWHQFLD 5
5 M;
M;
O
$ %
A W
M
N

9J V1
5
M;
176
6ROXFLyQ
JJJG JJJG
D; M ȍ ; Mȍ 5 ȍ
JJJG
E; Mȍ 5 ȍ
Problema 13.38
JJG
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRDPSHUtPHWURKDVLGR $ $
JJG JJJG
/DV WHQVLRQHV HQ ERUQHV GH ODV UHDFWDQFLDV ; \ ; KDQ VLGR UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
JJJG JJJG
9; 9 \ 9; 9 YHUILJXUD
D /DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYDWtPHWUR :
E /DV OHFWXUDV GH ORV LQVWUXPHQWRV GH PHGLGD $ $ \ : VDELHQGR TXH HO
IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOHVLJXDODODXQLGDG FRVWRW M
5 M;
A2
B
9
O
5 O
M;
A1 W1 W2 A3
9 B

9J
M

6ROXFLyQ
D 3 :
E$ $$ $: :

Problema 13.39
/DLQWHQVLGDGGHOJHQHUDGRUHV LJ W FRV S W $

177
/DOHFWXUDGHORVDPSHUtPHWURVHV $ $ \ $ $

(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHODIXHQWHHVLJXDODODXQLGDG FRVWRW M
D 7RGRVORVSDUiPHWURVHOpFWULFRVGHVFRQRFLGRVGHOFLUFXLWR / / & \ 5

E /DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWURGHOJHQHUDGRU 9J ODLPSHGDQFLDWRWDOYLVWDGHVGHHO
JJG JJG
JHQHUDGRU = J \ODSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHWRWDO\VXVFRPSRQHQWHV 6 J 4J \ 3J
O
/
W
A2
A1
/
LJW Vg V
&
5

6ROXFLyQ
D / / P+ & P ) 5 ȍ

JJG JJJG
E9J 9 = J R ȍ6 J M 9$
4J 9$5 \ 3J :

Problema 13.40
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYROWtPHWURV9\9VRQ 9 9 \ 9 9

/DV OHFWXUDV GH ORV DPSHUtPHWURV $ $ \ $ VRQ $ $ $ $ \
$ $
JJG JJG
/DLPSHGDQFLD = HVLQGXFWLYD\ODLPSHGDQFLD = HVFDSDFLWLYD\ODIUHFXHQFLDHV
GH I +]
JJJG
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQVLGHUDQGRTXHODWHQVLyQHV 9$% 9$% R 9
KDOOD
D 7RGRVORVSDUiPHWURVHOpFWULFRVGHOFLUFXLWRGHVFRQRFLGRV 5 / 5 & \

/
178
JJG JJG
E /D WHQVLyQ GHO JHQHUDGRU 9J OD LQWHQVLGDG WRWDO GHO JHQHUDGRU , J OD
JJG
LPSHGDQFLD WRWDO YLVWD GHVGH HO JHQHUDGRU = J OD WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD
JJJG JJG
UHVLVWHQFLD 5 95R \ODSRWHQFLDDSDUHQWHWRWDO\VXVFRPSRQHQWHV 6 J 4J
\ 3J
O
$
A0 A3 W
A1 A2
A4
ȍ Mȍ
9J
V0
;
5 ȍ
V1 = V2 =

6ROXFLyQ
D 5 ȍ / P+ 5 ȍ & P ) / P+
JJG JJG
E9J R 9 = J R ȍ
JJG JJJG
, J R $95R R 9

JJG
6 J 9$
R
4J 9$53J :
Problema 13.41
'HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH VH FRQRFH TXH HO PyGXOR GH OD WHQVLyQ HILFD]
JJG
SURSRUFLRQDGD SRU OD IXHQWH YDOH 9J 9 'HVSXpV GH UHDOL]DU GLIHUHQWHV SUXHEDV VH
KDFRQVWUXLGRODWDEODVLJXLHQWH
,QWHUUXSWRUFHUUDGR /HFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWUR /HFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWUR

݇ଵ 2.234,94 ܹ 9,650 ‫ܣ‬
݇ଶ 1.041,74 ܹ 8,069 ‫ܣ‬
݇ଵ ݇ଶ \݇ଷ 3.798,88 ܹ 22,309 ‫ܣ‬

JJG
&RQ HVWD LQIRUPDFLyQ \ FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH OD LQWHQVLGDG GHO JHQHUDGRU HV , J , J R $
KDOODU
D 7RGRVORVSDUiPHWURVHOpFWULFRVGHOFLUFXLWRGHVFRQRFLGRV 5 5 / 5 \
/
179
JJG JG JJG JJG

E 7RGDV OD LQWHQVLGDGHV GHO FLUFXLWR , J , , H , WRGDV ODV SRWHQFLDV
DFWLYDV FRQVXPLGDV 3J 35 35 35 \ 3/ OD SRWHQFLD UHDFWLYD GHO

JJG
JHQHUDGRU 4J \ OD SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GHO JHQHUDGRU 6 J FXDQGR WRGRV ORV
LQWHUUXSWRUHVHVWiQFHUUDGRV
=/ Ŀĳ=L O
W A
N N N

9J 5 5
5
/ /

6ROXFLyQ
D 5 ȍ 5 ȍ/ P+ 5 ȍ / P+

JJG JG JJG
E, J R $, R $, R $
JJG
, R $3J : 35 :
35 : 35 : 35/ :
JJG
4J 9$56 J R 9$

Problema 13.42
'HO FLUFXLWR GH OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH VH FRQRFH TXH HO PyGXOR GH OD WHQVLyQ HILFD]
JJG
SURSRUFLRQDGD SRU OD IXHQWH YDOH 9J 9 \ VH FRQRFHQ ODV OHFWXUDV GHO SULPHU
DPSHUtPHWUR JHQHUDO \ GHO YDWtPHWUR $ $ \ : : &RQ HVWD
JJG
LQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQVLGHUDQGRTXHODLQWHQVLGDGGHOJHQHUDGRUHV , J , J R $ KDOODU
JJG
D /D LPSHGDQFLD = OD OHFWXUD GHO VHJXQGR DPSHUtPHWUR $ \ HO IDFWRU GH

SRWHQFLDWRWDO FRV M7RW
m
JJG JG JJG
E 7RGDVODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOFLUFXLWR , J , H , \ODWHQVLyQGHOJHQHUDGRU
JJG
HQPRGRYHFWRULDO 9J
180
=/ Mȍ O
W A
A1 A2

9J
= Mȍ =

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
D = M ȍ $ $FRV M7RW
m
JJG JG
E, J R $, R $
JJG JJG
, R $ 9J R 9
Problema 13.43
JJG
(OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQHILFD]SURSRUFLRQDGDSRUODIXHQWHYDOH 9J 9
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURVVRQ $ $ $ \ $ $
(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOYDOH FRV M7RW
m LQGXFWLYR
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ\FRQVLGHUDQGRFRPRiQJXORGHUHIHUHQFLDHOiQJXORGHODLQWHQVLGDG
JJG JJG
, J , J , J R $ KDOODU
JJG JJG
D /DVLPSHGDQFLDV = \ =
JJG JJG
E /DLQWHQVLGDG\ODWHQVLyQGHOJHQHUDGRUHQPRGRYHFWRULDO , J \ 9J
O
A W
A1 A2

9J Vg
= =

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG JJG
D = R ȍ = R ȍ
JJG JJG
E , J R $9J R 9
181
Problema 13.44
/DOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWURJHQHUDOYDOH $J $

/DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWURGHODUHVLVWHQFLDYDOH 9 9
/DOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWURYDOH : :
m LQGXFWLYR
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ \FRQVLGHUDQGRFRPRiQJXORGHUHIHUHQFLDHOiQJXORGHODWHQVLyQ
JJG JJG
9J 9J 9J R 9
FRQ I +] KDOODU
JJG
D /DLPSHGDQFLDWRWDOYLVWDGHVGHHOJHQHUDGRU = J
E /RVSDUiPHWURV 5 \ &
F /DOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWUR $
O
Ag W
A2
A1
Mȍ

9J Vg
&
5 V1

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
D = J M ȍ
E5 ȍ& P )
F$ $

Problema 13.45
/DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWURJHQHUDOYDOH 9J 9 YDORUHILFD]

JJG JJG
/DVLPSHGDQFLDVHQSDUDOHORYDOHQ = R : \ = R :
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQKDOODUODOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWURJHQHUDO $J
182
V1
O
Ag W
;
A1 A2

9J Vg V2
= =

6ROXFLyQ
$J $
Problema 13.46
/DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWURYDOH 9J 9

/DOHFWXUDGHOYDWtPHWURYDOH : :
/DV OHFWXUDV GH ORV DPSHUtPHWURV YDOHQ $ $$ $ \
$J $
JJG JJG
/DLPSHGDQFLD = HVLQGXFWLYD\OD = FDSDFLWLYD
m FDSDFLWLYR
JJG JJG
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQKDOODUODVLPSHGDQFLDV = \ =
O
Ag W
A1 A2

9J Vg
= =

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG
= R ȍ = ȍ
Problema 13.47
JJG
183
/DOHFWXUDGHOWHUFHUYROWtPHWURHV 9 9

/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYDWtPHWURHV : :
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURVVRQ $ $ \ $ $
JJG JJJG JJJG
D 7RGDVODVUHDFWDQFLDV\UHVLVWHQFLDVGHVFRQRFLGDV ; ; ; 5 \ 5
JJJG
E /D WHQVLyQ HQ ERUQHV GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD 5 95 \ OD OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU
YDWtPHWUR VDELHQGR TXH DKRUD OD OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU YROWtPHWUR YDOH
9 9
V1
O
M; O
A1 W1 W2 A3
A2
M;

9J V3
M;
V2 5
5

6ROXFLyQ
JJJG JJJG JJJG
D; M :; M:; M :5 :5 :
JJG
E9 R 9
: :

Problema 13.48
'HOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHTXHWUDEDMDDXQDIUHFXHQFLDGH I +] UHDOL]DUORV

FiOFXORVGHWDOODGRVHQORVVLJXLHQWHVDSDUWDGRV
D &XDQGR DPERV LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N HVWiQ DELHUWRV ODV OHFWXUDV TXH VH

FRQRFHQ VRQ 9J 9 $ $ \ : : &RQ HVWDV
JJG
FRQGLFLRQHVKDOODUODLQWHQVLGDGGHOJHQHUDGRU , J HOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLD
5 \HOYDORUGHODLQGXFWDQFLD /
E &XDQGRVRORHVWiFHUUDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N ODLQWHQVLGDGWRWDOVHPDQWLHQH\
ODV OHFWXUDV TXH VH FRQRFHQ DKRUD VRQ 9J 9 \ $ $ &RQ
184
HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU DPSHUtPHWUR $ OD GHO
YDWtPHWUR : \ORVSDUiPHWURV 5 \ &
F &XDQGR DPERV LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N HVWiQ FHUUDGRV HO IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD

JJG JJG
GHOFRQMXQWRGHFDUJDV = 5 M; / \ = 5 M; & HVLJXDODODXQLGDG

FRV M =m &RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV KDOODU OD QXHYD OHFWXUD GHO YDWtPHWUR

JJG
: ODQXHYDWHQVLyQHQERUQHVGHOJHQHUDGRU 9J \HOSDUiPHWUR &
A1 N
N
A2
5
LJW ȍ Vg
5
&
/
&

6ROXFLyQ
JJG
D , J R $5 :/ P+
E$ $: : 5 :& P)
JJG
F: : 9J R 9& P )
Problema 13.49
/DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURVVRQ : : \ : :

m L LQGXFWLYR
/DH[SUHVLyQGHIXHQWHGHWHQVLyQHV HJ W (Pi[ VLQZW r M JÖ 9
;/
/RVYDORUHVGH 5 : \GHODUHODFLyQ
5
185
D /RVSDUiPHWURV 5 / \ /
JJG JJG
E /DLQWHQVLGDGWRWDO , J ODWHQVLyQGHOD IXHQWH 9J \ODWHQVLyQ Pi[LPDGHO
JHQHUDGRU (Pi[
F /DH[SUHVLyQGHODLQWHQVLGDGHQIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR L W
5 / O O
Ag W1 W2
5

HJW Vg 5 LW V1
/

6ROXFLyQ
D 5 :/ P+ / P+
JJG JJJG
E, J R $9J R 9
(Pi[ 9

FL W āVLQS W $
Problema 13.50
7UDEDMDDUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWHFRQXQDIUHFXHQFLDGH I +]
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYROWtPHWURHV 9 9 V

JJJG
/D LPSHGDQFLD GH OtQHD YDOH = / 5/ M; / R : \ OD UHODFLyQ
; /

5/
186
D /DVOHFWXUDVGHODPSHUtPHWUR\GHOYROWtPHWURJHQHUDOHV $J \ 9J
JJJG JJJG JJJG
E /DVLPSHGDQFLDVGHOtQHD\FDUJD = / = & \ = &

JJJG
F (OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDO FRV M7RW
m \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDODSDUHQWH 67RW
O
5/ ;/ 5/ ;/
Ag W
A1 A2

HJW Vg &DUJD &DUJD V2
LQGXFWLYD FDSDFLWLYD
3 : 3 :

6ROXFLyQ
D$ J $9J 9
JJJJG JJJG
E= / M := & M :
JJJG
= & M :
JJJG

FFRV M7RW
m L 67RW M 9$

Problema 13.51
7UDEDMDDUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWH
/DOHFWXUDGHOSULPHUYROWtPHWURHV 9 9
(OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHOJHQHUDGRUYDOH FRV M JÖ LQGXFWLYR

S
/DH[SUHVLyQGHODIXHQWHGHLQWHQVLGDGHV LJ W VLQS W $

/DUHVLVWHQFLDYDOH 5 :
&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ\VDELHQGRTXHHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiDELHUWRKDOODU
JJG JJG JJG
D /DUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD ; \ODVLPSHGDQFLDV = / \ =
187
E /DOHFWXUDGHOYROWtPHWUR 9J
F /D H[SUHVLyQ WHPSRUDO GH OD WHQVLyQ HQWUH ORV SXQWRV $ \ % GHO FLUFXLWR
Y $% W
$FRQWLQXDFLyQ VHFLHUUDHOLQWHUUXSWRU N \VHGHMDQXHYDPHQWHTXHHOFLUFXLWROOHJXHDO

UpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWH+DOODUDKRUD
JJG
D /D LPSHGDQFLD GH FDUJD = & TXH PD[LPLFH OD SRWHQFLD WUDQVIHULGD D OD PLVPD
,QGLFDUWDPELpQHOYDORUGHHVWDSRWHQFLDPi[LPDWUDQVIHULGDDODFDUJD 3Pi[
=/ 5
O $
W
A1
=
LJW Vg V1 N =&
; A2
%

6ROXFLyQ
JJG JJG JJG
D ; M := / M : = M :
E9J 9
S
FY $% W VLQS W 9

JJG
G = & M :3Pi[ :

188

Circuitos eléctricos trifásicos

(VWHGHFLPRFXDUWRFDStWXORIRUPDGRSRUHQXQFLDGRVGHSUREOHPDVFRQVXVUHVSHFWLYDV
VROXFLRQHV HV HO ~OWLPR FDStWXOR WHyULFR DQWHV GH HQWUDU HQ HO FDStWXOR TXH FRQWLHQH
DSOLFDFLRQHV PiV SUiFWLFDV 1R REVWDQWH HVWH FDStWXOR \D WUDWD GH ORV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV
WULIiVLFRV HV GHFLU ORV FLUFXLWRV UHDOHV \ GHVDSDUHFHQ HOHPHQWRV FRPR ODV IXHQWHV GH
FRQWLQXDRODVGHSHQGLHQWHVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHODSDUWHWHyULFDRGHRWUDVGLVFLSOLQDVPiV
SUiFWLFDVFRPRODHOHFWUyQLFDRODDXWRPiWLFD
/RV SUREOHPDV GH HVWH FDStWXOR GRQGH SXHGHQ GLYLGLUVH HQ GRV FDWHJRUtDV ORV FLUFXLWRV
HOpFWULFRV WULIiVLFRV HTXLOLEUDGRV ORV PiV KDELWXDOHV \ ORV FLUFXLWRV HOpFWULFRV WULIiVLFRV
GHVHTXLOLEUDGRVHQODUHDOLGDGFXDQGRH[LVWHQIDOORV(QFRQFUHWRHQHVWHFDStWXORORV
SULPHURV SUREOHPDV FRUUHVSRQGHQ D FDUJDV HTXLOLEUDGDV GH PHQRU GLILFXOWDG GH FiOFXOR
PLHQWUDV TXH ORV VLJXLHQWHV VRQ GH XQD FDWHJRUtD HVSHFLDO \D TXH HQ SULQFLSLR VRQ
VLVWHPDVHTXLOLEUDGRVSHURWLHQHQDOJ~QIDOORQRUPDOPHQWHODURWXUDGHXQFDEOH\HOOR
OHV FRQYLHUWH HQ VLVWHPDV GHVHTXLOLEUDGRV )LQDOPHQWH GHO SUREOHPD HQ DGHODQWH VH
DERUGDQ ORV VLVWHPDV GHVHTXLOLEUDGRV FRQ OD FRPSOHMLGDG TXH FRQOOHYDQ \ VRQ
HVSHFLDOPHQWH ODUJRV ORV SUREOHPDV D (VWRV ~OWLPRV VRQ SUREOHPDV WtSLFRV GH
H[DPHQ H[WHQVRV \ ODERULRVRV FRQ OR FXDO SHUPLWHQ DQDOL]DU HO QLYHO GH FRPSUHQVLyQ
DOFDQ]DGR
(VWH HV SXHV XQR GH ORV FDStWXORV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV GH WRGD OD PDWHULD SXHV HQ pO
FRQIOX\HQODPD\RUtDGHORVFRQRFLPLHQWRVDGTXLULGRV$WUDWDUVHGHFLUFXLWRVWULIiVLFRVORV
SUREOHPDVVRQODUJRV\ODERULRVRVSHURDFDVRORVPiVUHDOHV\SUiFWLFRVGHWRGRHOOLEUR
H[FHSWXDQGR ORV SUREOHPDV GHO FDStWXOR ORV FXDOHV \D UHSUHVHQWDQ XQD DSOLFDFLyQ
H[FOXVLYDUHDOGHODHOHFWULFLGDG
(QGHILQLWLYDHVXQWHPDLPSRUWDQWHGHDTXtHOQ~PHURHOHYDGRGHSUREOHPDVORVFXDOHV
HVWiQGLVSXHVWRVHQRUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHGLILFXOWDG
191
Problema 14.1
(OHVTXHPDWULIiVLFRGHODILJXUDSUHVHQWDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVLJXLHQWHV
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
)UHFXHQFLD +]
G
8 67 R 9
WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHHVWDOtQHD
G
,6 R $ LQWHQVLGDGGHOtQHDHQODIDVH6
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVKDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7
G G G
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHIDVHHQHOWULiQJXOR , 56 , 67 ,75
G G G
F /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 8 56 8 67 8 75
G G G
G /DVWHQVLRQHVGHIDVHDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 951 961 971
G
H /DVLPSHGDQFLDVSRUIDVHGHODFDUJDHQWULiQJXOR\HQHVWUHOOD = 56 ' IDVH \
G
= 56 O
=/ Ŀ ,5
5
55 Ŀ ,75
867 Ŀ9

H5W
,56
,6 Ŀ$

=/ =& ,67
6
7
=/ ,7
6ROXFLyQ
G
D ,7 R $
G G G
E, 56 R $ , 67 R $ ,75 R $
G G G
F8 56 R 9 8 67 R 9 8 75 R 9
G G G
G 951 9 R
961 9 R
971 9R

G G
H= 56 ǻ ȍ IDVH = 56 Ȝ ȍ IDVH
R R
192
Problema 14.2
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 /tQHD 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD
G G
=/ M: IDVH = O & M : IDVH
G
= ' & M : IDVH
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOiQJXORGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVH
G
951 KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7
G G G
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHIDVHHQODHVWUHOOD , O 51 , O 61 , O 71
G G G
F /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHIDVHHQHOWULiQJXOR , '56 , '67 , '75
G G G
G /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 8 56 8 67 8 75
G G G
H /DVWHQVLRQHVGHIDVHDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 951 961 971
G G G
I /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDHQODFDUJD 8 5
6
8 6
7
8 7
5

G G G
J /DVWHQVLRQHVGHIDVHHQODFDUJD 95
1 96
1 97
1
=/ 5¶ 5¶
=J

H5W
1

=/ 6¶ 6¶
=/ 7¶ 7¶
=1
=Ȝ ,75 ,56
1¶ =ǻ
,67
193
6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5 R $ , 6 R $ ,7 R $
G G G
E, O 51 R $ , O 61 R $ , O 71 R $
G G G
F, ǻ56 R $ , ǻ67 R $ , ǻ75 R $
G G G
G 8 56 R 9 8 67 R 9 8 75 R 9
G G G
H951 9 R
961 9 R
971 R 9
G G G
8 7
5
9
R
I 8 5 6 9

R
8 6 7 9

R

G G G
J 95
1 9R
96
1 R 9
97
1 R 9

Problema 14.3
(OHVTXHPDWULIiVLFRGHODILJXUDGLVSRQHGHODVVLJXLHQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
8 /FDUJD 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODFDUJD
/DFDUJDHVWiHTXLOLEUDGD
G G
7RPDQGR FRPR RULJHQ GH iQJXORV HO GH 95
1
HV GHFLU 95
1
95
1
9
KDOODU ODV
G G G G G G G G G
PDJQLWXGHVVLJXLHQWHVDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7 , 1 951 961 971 8 56 8 67 \
G
8 75
=/ M
5¶
5
6¶
6
7¶
7
1
=1 M
1¶

6ROXFLyQ
G G G G
, 5 R $, 6 R $,7 R $, 1 $
G G
951 R 9 961 R 9
G G
971 9 R
8 56 9
R

G G
8 67 R 9 8 75 R 9

194
Problema 14.4
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD DO LQLFLR GH HVWD OtQHD DQWHV GH ODV FDUJDV GH
OtQHD
G G
7RPDQGR FRPR RULJHQ GH iQJXORV HO GH 951 HV GHFLU 951 951 9
KDOODU ODV
G G G G
PDJQLWXGHVVLJXLHQWHVDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7 , 1 \ODVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDHQOD
G G G
FDUJD 8 5
6
8 6
7
\ 8 7
5

=/ MIDVH
5¶
5
6¶
6
7¶
7
1

6ROXFLyQ
G G G
,5 R $, 6 R $,7 R $
G G G
,1 $8 5
6
R 9
8 6
7
R 9

G
8 7
5
R 9

Problema 14.5
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV \ WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORV 95
1
RELHQ 951 UHVSHFWLYD
PHQWHKDOODU
195
G G G G G G
D /RVSDUiPHWURV , 5 , 6 ,7 8 56 8 67 \ 8 75 HVGHFLUHQHORULJHQGHOtQHDVL
G
VHVDEHTXHHOPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODVFDUJDVHV 8 /
9 +]
G G G G G G
E /RVSDUiPHWURV , 5 , 6 ,7 8 5
6
8 6
7
\ 8 7
5
DKRUDHVGHFLUHQODFDUJDVLVH
FRQRFHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQHORULJHQ 8 / 9 +]
=/ M
5¶
5
6¶
6
7¶
7

6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5 R $, 6 R $,7 R $
G G
8 56 R 9 8 67 R 9
G
8 75 9 R

G G G
E, 5 $, 6 R $,7 R $
R
G G
8
5
6
R 9
8 6
7
R 9

G
8 7
5
R 9

Problema 14.6
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / & 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDGHODFDUJDHQHVWUHOOD
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHQODFDUJD
G G
HVWUHOOD 95
1 HVGHFLU 95
1 95
1 9
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDGHODFDUJDHQWULiQJXOR 8 5
8 6
8 7

G G G
E /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 8 56 8 67 8 75
196
=/ MIDVH =/ MIDVH

5¶ 5¶¶
5
6¶ 6¶¶
6
7¶ 7¶¶
7
6ROXFLyQ
G G
D 8 5
R 9
8 6
R 9

G
8 7
R 9

G G
E8 56 R 9 8 67 R 9

G
8 75 R 9
Problema 14.7
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD
G
(Q HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV \ WRPDQGR FRPR RULJHQ GH iQJXORV HO GH OD WHQVLyQ GH IDVH 951
KDOOD
G
D (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDGHODVHJXQGDFDUJD 8 / &
E 6L DKRUD VH GHVFRQHFWD OD VHJXQGD FDUJD HO PyGXOR GH OD WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD GH OD
G
SULPHUDFDUJD 8 / &
=/ MIDVH 5¶ =/ MIDVH

5¶¶
5
6¶ 6¶¶
6
7¶ 7¶¶
7
197
6ROXFLyQ
G
D 8 / & 9
G
E8 / & 9

Problema 14.8
(OHVTXHPDWULIiVLFRGHODILJXUDSUHVHQWDODVVLJXLHQWHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / & DUJ DV 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODVFDUJDV
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHQODVFDUJDV
G
95
1 KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHV , 5
1 & , 5
1 & , 5 WRWDO\HOFRVȭGHWRGRHOVLVWHPD
G
E (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHOVLVWHPD 8 /
F /D FDSDFLGDG SRU IDVH GH ORV FRQGHQVDGRUHV FRQHFWDGRV HQ HVWUHOOD TXH GHEHQ
FRORFDUVHHQHOH[WUHPRGH ODVFDUJDVSDUDREWHQHU XQ IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDFRVȭ
WRWDO
G G
G (OQXHYRPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHOVLVWHPD 8 / H , 5 FRQORV
FRQGHQVDGRUHVFRORFDGRV
G
H (OQXHYRPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHOVLVWHPD 8 / VLVHPDQWLHQH
HO YDORU GH ORV FRQGHQVDGRUHV FRQHFWDGRV HQ HO DSDUWDGR DQWHULRU SHUR DKRUD VH
FRQHFWDQHQWULiQJXOR
=/ MIDVH
5¶ 5¶
5
6¶ 6¶
6
7¶ 7¶
7
198
6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5
1 & R $ , 5
1 & R $ , 5 R $
\ FRV M LQGXFWLYR
G
E8 / 9
F&O P )
G G
G 8 / 9 , 5 $
G
H8 / 9
Problema 14.9
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / &DUJDV 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODVFDUJDV
&DUJD FRQMXQWR GH OiPSDUDV LQFDQGHVFHQWHV UHVLVWHQFLDV FRQHFWDGDV HQ HVWUHOOD
FRQXQDSRWHQFLDWRWDOWULIiVLFDGH:
&DUJDPRWRUWULIiVLFRGHHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV&9UHQGLPLHQWRPHFiQLFRȘPHFiQLFR
\IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDFRVĳ LQGXFWLYR
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGH 95
1 KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHV , 5
1 & , 5
1 & H , 5 GHOtQHD
G
E (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 8 /
F /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV : \ :
3 &9 ā
1RWD &9 : \ 3~WLO
ȘPHFiDQLFR
=/ MIDVH 5¶
O
5¶
5 W1
O 6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7¶ 7¶
7
1¶
199
6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5
1 & R $ , 5
1 & R $ , 5 R $
G
E 8 / 9
F: : : :

Problema 14.10
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHD
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVODWHQVLyQGHIDVH 951 KDOODUHO
YDORUTXHLQGLFDUiQORVYDWtPHWURV : \ : HQORVFDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
D &RQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWR
E &RQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR
F &RQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWR\HOFLUFXLWRFRUWDGRSRUHOSXQWR$
G &RQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWR\HOFLUFXLWRFRUWDGRSRUHOSXQWR%
O
5 5
5 W1
O
6 6
6 W2
7 7
7
%
$
=& MIDVH

6ROXFLyQ
D : : : :

E: : : :
F: : : :
G : : : :
200
Problema 14.11
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHOtQHD
G
&RQ HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV \ WRPDQGR FRPR RULJHQ GH iQJXORV HO GH OD WHQVLyQ GH IDVH 951
KDOODU
G
D &RQHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGR\ N DELHUWRODLPSHGDQFLDGHIDVH = & VDELHQGR
TXHORVYDORUHVTXHPDUFDQYDWtPHWURVVRQ : : \ : :
G
E &RQORVLQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N FHUUDGRV+DOODU 8 / &DUJDV \OD 4FRPS QHFHVDULDSDUD
HOHYDUHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDKDVWD FRV Mn
WRWDO LQGXFWLYR
1RWD 3DUD KDOODU OD 4FRPS FRORFDU ORV FRQGHQVDGRUHV FRQHFWDGRV HQ ο DO SULQFLSLR GH OD
OtQHD
=/ MIDVH
O
5¶ 5¶
5 W1
O 6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7¶ 7¶
7
N N
1¶

6ROXFLyQ
G
D = & R ȍ
G
E 8 / &DUJDV 9 4FRPS N9$5
Problema 14.12
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
201
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
G
KDOODU
D &RQORVLQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N FHUUDGRV\ N DELHUWRODVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV

: \ :
G
E /DWHQVLyQGHOtQHDGHODWHUFHUDFDUJD 8 / & VLVRORHVWiFHUUDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N

F (O YDORU GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD SRU IDVH GH OD SULPHUD FDUJD 5& FXDQGR WRGRV ORV
LQWHUUXSWRUHVHVWiQFHUUDGRV\ODVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURVVRQ : : \
: :
O 5 =/ MIDVH 5¶ =/ MIDVH 5¶¶

5 W1
O 6 6¶ 6¶¶
6 W2
7 7¶ 7¶¶
7
N N N

6ROXFLyQ
D : : \: :

G
E8 / & 9
F5& ȍ IDVH

Problema 14.13
(OHVTXHPDWULIiVLFRGHODILJXUDGLVSRQHGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVLJXLHQWHV
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
202
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHQODV
G
FDUJDV 95
1 KDOODU
G
D (O PyGXOR GH OD LQWHQVLGDG GH OD IDVH 5 , 5 \ HO IDFWRU WRWDO GH SRWHQFLD
FRVMn
WRWDO
G
E (O PyGXOR GH OD LQWHQVLGDG GH IDVH , 5
1 \ OD LPSHGDQFLD SRU IDVH GHO WHUFHU
G
PRWRU = 0
G G
F /RVYDORUHVGH , 5 8 / PyGXORGHODLQWHQVLGDG\WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHO
VLVWHPD \ FRVMn
WRWDO VL DO ILQDO GH OD OtQHD VH FRQHFWD XQD EDWHUtD GH
FRQGHQVDGRUHVFRQXQDSRWHQFLDUHDFWLYDWRWDOGH 4 9$5
O
5¶ 5¶ 5¶
5 W1
O
6¶ 6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7 7¶ 7¶ 7¶
=/ MIDVH
0 0 0
=0 ĿIDVH =0 ĿIDVH

6ROXFLyQ
G
D , 5 $FRV Mn
WRWDO
G G
E , 5
1 $= 0 R ȍ
G G
F , 5 $8 / 9 FRV Mn
WRWDO F
Problema 14.14
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
203
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVH 951
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVDEVRUELGDVSRUFDGDFDUJD , 5
1 & , 5
1 & H , 5
1 & IDVH5
G G G
\ODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHDDEVRUELGDVSRUODLQVWDODFLyQ , 5 , 6 H ,7
E (OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDO FRVMn
WRWDO
G /D 4FRPS QHFHVDULD SDUD HOHYDU HO IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD GHO FRQMXQWR KDVWD

FRV Mn
WRWDO LQGXFWLYR
1RWD3DUDKDOODUOD 4FRPS FRORFDUORVFRQGHQVDGRUHVFRQHFWDGRVHQWULiQJXOR

' LQGLFDUWDPELpQHOYDORUGHODFDSDFLGDGGHOFRQGHQVDGRU
H /DVQXHYDVOHFWXUDVGHORV YDWtPHWURVXQDYH]FRORFDGRVORVFRQGHQVDGRUHV
:\:
3 &9 ā
1RWD&9 : 3~WLO
KPHFDQLFR
O
5 5 5
5 W1
O
6 6 6
6 W2
7 7 7
7
0 0
&DUJD
a a
3 N: 3 N: 3 N:
Ș0 Ș0
FRVĳ0 ¥L FRVĳ0 ¥2L

6ROXFLyQ
JG G JG
D , 51 & R $ , 51 & R $ , 51 & R $
G G
, 5 R $, 6 R $
G
,7 R $

EFRV Mn
WRWDO L
F: : : :
204
G 4FRPS 9$5&' P )

H: : : :
Problema 14.15
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / & DUJ DV 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODVFDUJDV
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHQODV
G
FDUJDV 95
1 KDOODU
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVDEVRUELGDVSRUFDGDFDUJDWRGDVHOODVUHIHULGDVDODIDVH5ODV

LQWHQVLGDGHV WRWDOHV DEVRUELGDV SRU HO FRQMXQWR GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ \ HO IDFWRU GH
SRWHQFLDWRWDO FRVMn
WRWDO
G
E /DWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHODOtQHD 8 /
F /D 4FRPS QHFHVDULDSDUDHOHYDUHO IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHWRGDODLQVWDODFLyQ KDVWD

FRVMnWRWDO L DVtFRPRODFDSDFLGDGSRUIDVHGHORVFRQGHQVDGRUHVTXHKD\
TXHDxDGLUWDQWRHQHVWUHOODFRPRHQWULiQJXOR
G
G /DSRWHQFLDDFWLYD\UHDFWLYDWRWDOHVDVtFRPRODLQWHQVLGDGWRWDOGHODIDVH5 , 5
G
\ OD WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD 8 56 HQ HO RULJHQ GH OtQHD VL VH GHVFRQHFWDQ ORV PRWRUHV
0 \ 0 PDQWHQLHQGRFRQHFWDGRVORVFRQGHQVDGRUHVGHODSDUWDGRDQWHULRU
3 &9 ā
1RWD&9 : 3~WLO
ȘPHFDiQLFR
=/ MIDVH 5¶ 5¶ 5¶
5
6¶ 6¶ 6¶
6
7¶ 7¶ 7¶
7
0 0 0

a a a
3 N: 3 N: 3 N:
Ș0 Ș0 Ș0
FRVĳ 0,707L FRVĳ 0,8L FRVĳ 0,6L

205
6ROXFLyQ
G G
D , 5
1 & R $ , 5
1 & R $
G G G
, 5
1 & R $, 5 $, 6 R $
G G
,7 R $H , 1
1 R $ FRV Mn
WRWDO
L
JJJG
E8 / R 9
F4FRPS 9$5&O P ) &C P )
G 3WRWDO : 4WRWDO 9$5
G
,5 R $8 56 R 9

Problema 14.16
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / & 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODSULPHUDFDUJD
G
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVWRWDOHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 H ,7
G G
E /DVWHQVLRQHV 8 / & \ 8 / WHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDHQODVHJXQGDFDUJD\DOLQLFLR
GHODOtQHD
G (OIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDO FRVMn
WRWDO
=/ MIDVH =/ M¥IDVH 5¶¶

O
5¶
5 W1
O
6¶ 6¶¶
6 W2
7¶ 7¶¶
7
1¶¶
206
6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5 R $ , 6 R $H ,7 R $
G G
E 8 / & 9 8 / 9
F: : : :
G FRV Mn
WRWDO LQGXFWLYR
Problema 14.17
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
/DOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYROWtPHWURHV 9 9
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVH 951 HQ
ODVFDUJDVKDOODU
D /D OHFWXUD GHO DPSHUtPHWUR $ LQWHQVLGDG GH OtQHD HQ OD IDVH 5 OD OHFWXUD GHO
SULPHUYROWtPHWUR 9 WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQHORULJHQ\ODLPSHGDQFLDSRUIDVHGHO
G
SULPHUPRWRU = 0
E 6L VH PDQWLHQH HO YDORU GH OD WHQVLyQ HQ HO RULJHQ FRQVWDQWH OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU
YROWtPHWUR \ VH GHVFRQHFWD HO SULPHU PRWRU ¢FXiO VHUi OD OHFWXUD GHO VHJXQGR
YROWtPHWUR 9 "WHQVLyQGHOtQHDHQODVFDUJDV
V1 V2
O
5¶ 5¶
5 W1 A
O
6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7¶ 7¶
7
=/ MIDVH
0 0
=0IDVH =0 MIDVH

6ROXFLyQ
G
D $ $9 9 = 0 M ȍ IDVH
E9 9
207
Problema 14.18
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
G
KDOODU
G
D /DLPSHGDQFLDSRUIDVHGHODSULPHUDFDUJD = & FXDQGRVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi
FHUUDGR\HQORVYDWtPHWURVVHOHH : : \ : :
G
E /DUHVLVWHQFLDSRUIDVHGHODVHJXQGDFDUJD = & \ODVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV
: \ : FXDQGR VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi FHUUDGR \ HQ HO YROWtPHWUR VH OHH
9 9
F /D FDSDFLGDG & GH FDGD FRQGHQVDGRU GH OD WHUFHUD FDUJD FXDQGR ORV WUHV
LQWHUUXSWRUHV N N \ N SHUPDQHFHQ FHUUDGRV \ HQ HO YROWtPHWUR VH OHH
9 9
V
O
5¶ 5¶ 5¶
5 W1
O 6¶ 6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7¶ 7¶ 7¶
7
=/ MIDVH
N N N
=& M;IDVH

6ROXFLyQ
G
D = & M ȍ IDVH
E5 ȍ IDVH : : : :
F&' P )
208
Problema 14.19
8QVLVWHPDWULIiVLFRSUHVHQWDODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVLJXLHQWHV
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODUHOYDORUTXHLQGLFDUiQORVYDWtPHWURV : \ : HQORVFDVRV VLJXLHQWHV
D &RQODFDUJDHQWULiQJXORFRQHFWDGD
E &RQHOFLUFXLWRFRUWDGRHQHOSXQWR$
F &RQHOFLUFXLWRFRUWDGRHQHOSXQWR%
O 5
5 W1
O 6
6 W2
$ % 7
7
Ŀ
6ROXFLyQ
F: : : :

Problema 14.20
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHHVWDOtQHD
G
KDOODU
G
D (O YDORU GH OD SULPHUD FDUJD = 0 FXDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi DELHUWR \ ODV
OHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURVVRQ : : \ : :
209
G
E /D WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD HQ OD VHJXQGD FDUJD 8 / & VL HO LQWHUUXSWRU N DKRUD HVWi
FHUUDGR
F 6L HO LQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi FHUUDGR \ HO FLUFXLWR VH DEUH SRU HO SXQWR $ KDOODU ODV
OHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV : \ : \ODWHQVLyQGHQHXWUR 91 1
=/ MIDVH
O
5 5¶
5 W1
O
6 6¶
6 W2
$ 7 7¶
7
N
0
=0 =Ŀĳ0IDVH

6ROXFLyQ
G
D = 0 R ȍ
G
E 8 / & 9
F: : : : 91
1 R 9

Problema 14.21
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODU
G G G G G G
D /DVWHQVLRQHVGHIDVH 95
1
96
1
97
1
91
1 \ODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6
G G
,7 H , 1 FXDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiFHUUDGR
E /RV PLVPRV SDUiPHWURV TXH HQ HO DSDUWDGR DQWHULRU FXDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi
DELHUWR
210
=/ IDVH
5¶
5
6¶
6
7¶
7
1¶
1
=1
=5
=5 Ŀ
=6 Ŀ 1¶ N
=7 Ŀ

6ROXFLyQ
JG JJG
5
1
R 9
D 9 9 6
1
R 9
JG JG
7
1
9
9 R
1
1 9
9 R

JG G
, 5 $ , 6 R $
R
G G
,7 R $ , 1 R $
JG JG
E9 5
1
R 9 6
1
R 9
9
JG JG
7
1
R 9
9 9 1
1 R 9
JG G G G
, 5 $, 6 $ ,7 R $H , 1
R R
$
Problema 14.22
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHIDVH , 56 , 67 H ,75 GHODVFDUJDVHQWULiQJXOR
G G G
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 H ,7
5
=56 Ŀ
=67 Ŀ
=75 Ŀ
5 7 6
=67
6
7

211
6ROXFLyQ
JG G G
D, 56 R $, 67 R $,75 R $
JG G G
E, 5 R $ , 6 R $ ,7 R $

Problema 14.23
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 H ,7
G G G
E /DVWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHDHQODFDUJD 8 5
6
8 6
7
\ 8 7
5

G G G
F /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHIDVH , 5
6
, 6
7
H ,7
5
HQHOWULiQJXOR
=5¶6¶ Ŀ 5¶
=6¶7¶ Ŀ
=7¶5¶ Ŀ
M
5 7¶ 6¶
=6¶7¶
M
6
M
7

6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D, 5 R $, 6 R $ ,7 R $
G G G
8 7
5
9
R
E8 5
6
R 9 8 6
7
R 9
JG G G
F, 5
6
R $, 6
7
R $ ,7
5
$
R
Problema 14.24
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHHVWDOtQHD
212
G
KDOODU
G G G G
D /DV LQWHQVLGDGHV GH OtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7 H , 1 FXDQGR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N HVWi
FHUUDGR
G G G G G
E /DVWHQVLRQHVGHIDVH 951
961
971
91
1 \ODVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5
G G G
, 6 ,7 H , 1 FXDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiDELHUWR
5
5
6
6
7
7
N 1¶ 1¶ 1¶
1
M M

6ROXFLyQ
G G G G
D , 5 R $, 6 R $ ,7 R $, 1 R $
JG JG JG
51
R 9
E9 61
R 9
9 71
R 9
9
JG JG G
1
1 R 9
9 , 5 R $ , 6 R $
G G
,7 R $ , 1 $
Problema 14.25
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVPRQRIiVLFDV
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHDOLQLFLR
G
GHODOtQHD 951 KDOODU
G
D (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQHQWUHIDVH\QHXWUR 91
1
G G G G
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 ,7 H , 1
1
G G G G G G
F /DVWHQVLRQHV 95
1
96
1
97
1
8 5
6
8 6
7
\ 8 7
5

213
5/ IDVH
5¶
5
6¶
6
7¶
7
1¶ 1¶ 1¶
1
51
/DPSDUDV /DPSDUDV /DPSDUDV

5 5 5
6ROXFLyQ
G
D 91
1 R 9
G G G G
E, 5 R $, 6 R $,7 R $ , 1
1 R $
G G G
F95
1
R 9 96
1
R 9
97
1
R 9

G G G
8 5
6
9 R
8 6
7
9
R
8 7
5
R 9

Problema 14.26
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
8 / 9 +] WHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHOtQHD
G
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD\QHXWUR , 5 , 6 H , 1
E /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV : \ :
F ¢/D SRWHQFLD WRWDO GHO VLVWHPD 3727 HV LJXDO D OD VXPD GH ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV
YDWtPHWURV : \ : "
O
5 5
5 W1
O
6 6
6 W2
7 7
7
1
1
& 5
0
N9$5 N:
N9$
FRVĳ0 L

214
6ROXFLyQ
G G G G
D , 5 R $ , 6 R $ ,7 R $, 1 R $
E: : : :
ܿ) 1R HO PpWRGR GH $UyQ PpWRGR GH ORV GRV YDWtPHWURV LQGLFD OD SRWHQFLD WRWDO GH XQ
FLUFXLWRHO pFWULFRV RORHQ HO FDVR GH TXHH VWHF LUFXLWRV HDH TXLOLEUDGR( Q HVWHF DVR HO
FLUFXLWRHVGHVHTXLOLEUDGR\DTXHSRUHOQHXWURUHWRUQDXQDLQWHQVLGDGTXHQRGHWHFWDQORV
YDWtPHWURV\HVWDLQWHQVLGDGWDPELpQFRQVXPHHQHUJtD

Problema 14.27
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&RQVXPRGHODVOiPSDUDVOiPSDUDQ $ OiPSDUDQ $ \OiPSDUDQ

$
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVH 95
1

KDOODU
G
D (OYDORUGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDDOLQLFLRGHHVWDOtQHD 8 57
G
E (O YDORU GH OD WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD DO LQLFLR GH HVWD OtQHD 8 57 FRQ HO PRWRU
GHVFRQHFWDGR
G
F (O YDORU GH OD WHQVLyQ GH OtQHD DO LQLFLR GH HVWD OtQHD 8 57 FRQ HO PRWRU \ OD
OiPSDUDQGHVFRQHFWDGRV
3 &9 ā
1RWD&9 : 3~WLO
K PHFiDQLFR
5/ IDVH
5¶ 5¶
5
6¶ 6¶
6
7¶ 7¶
7
1¶ 1¶ 1¶
1
51
/iPSDUD /iPSDUD /iPSDUD 0

a
3 &9
Ș0
FRVĳ0 L

215
6ROXFLyQ
G
D8 57 R 9

G
E8 57 R 9

G
F8 57 R 9

Problema 14.28
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODU
G
D (OPyGXORGHODWHQVLyQGHOtQHDGHODFDUJDHQHVWUHOOD 8 / & O \ODVOHFWXUDVGH
ORVYDWtPHWURV : \ : FXDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiDELHUWR
G G G
E /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 H ,7 \ODVQXHYDVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV :
\ : FXDQGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiFHUUDGR
O
5¶ 5¶
5 W1
O
6¶ 6¶
6 W2
7¶
7
=/ MIDVH
N
=& M

6ROXFLyQ
G
D 8 / & O 9 : : : :
G G
E, 5 R $, 6 R $
G
,7 R $: : : :

216
Problema 14.29
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVPRQRIiVLFDV
G
G
KDOODU
G G G
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD , 5 , 6 H ,7
E /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV : \ :
O
5 5
5 W1
O
6 6
6 W2
7 7
7
&DUJD &DUJD &DUJD

3 : 3 : 3 :
FRVĳ L FRVĳ FRVĳ F

୔(େ୚)·଻ଷ଺
1RWD&9 :Pï୲୧୪ =
஗ౣ౛ౙá౤౟ౙ౥
6ROXFLyQ
G G G
D , 5 R $ , 6 R $,7 R $
E: : : :
Problema 14.30
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
G
KDOODU
D /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYROWtPHWURV 9 \ 9 FXDQGRVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiFHUUDGR

LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N DELHUWRV
E /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYDWtPHWURV : \ : FXDQGRVRORHVWiDELHUWRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N
LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N FHUUDGRV
217
G G G G G
F /DV LQWHQVLGDGHV , 51 , 61 , 71 H , 1
1 OD WHQVLyQ 91
1 \ ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV
YDWtPHWURV : \ : FXDQGRVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N HVWiFHUUDGR
O
5 5 5
5 W1
6
O
6 6
6 W2 A
7 7
7
N N N
M M M M
V2 V1
=& Ŀ
M
6ROXFLyQ
D 9 9 9 9

E3 : 3 :
G G G
F91
1 R 9 , 51 R $, 61 R $
G G
, 71 R $, 1
1 $: : : :

Problema 14.31
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
G
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV \WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHQHO
G
RULJHQGHODOtQHD 951 KDOODU
D /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVYROWtPHWURV 9 \ 9 FXDQGRVRORHVWiFHUUDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N

E /DOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWUR $ \HOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDWRWDO FRV Mn
WRWDO FXDQGRVROR
ORVLQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N HVWiQFHUUDGRV
218
F /DV OHFWXUDV GH ORV YDWtPHWURV : \ : FXDQGR VROR HVWiQ FHUUDGRV ORV
LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N
G G G
G /DVLPSHGDQFLDVGHODFDUJD = & $ = & % \ = & & FXDQGRVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU
N HVWi FHUUDGR \ VDELHQGR TXH HO FRQMXQWR WRWDO GH HVWD FDUJD QR FRQVXPH
SRWHQFLDDFWLYDQLUHDFWLYD6HVDEHDGHPiVTXHODOHFWXUDGHODPSHUtPHWURDKRUD
G
HVGH $ $ HVWDQGRHQIDVHFRQODWHQVLyQ 8 56 GHODUHG
O
5 5 5 5
5 A W1
O
6 6 6 6
6 W2
7 7 7
7
N N N N
M M M

=& Ŀ
V1
=&IDVH =&&
V2 4&7RWDO 9$5
M

6ROXFLyQ
D 9 9 9 9
E$ $FRV Mn
WRWDO L
F: : : :
G G G
G = & $ Mȍ = & % Mȍ = & & M ȍ
Problema 14.32

6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
)UHFXHQFLD +]
219
&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHV \WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHHOGH
G
951 KDOODU
D &XDQGRVRORHVWiFHUUDGRHOLQWHUUXSWRU N LQWHUUXSWRUHVN\NDELHUWRVHOYDORU
G
GH OD LPSHGDQFLD GH OtQHD OD UHVLVWHQFLD 5/ \ OD UHDFWDQFLD LQGXFWLYD ; / DVt
FRPR OD OHFWXUD GHO VHJXQGR YROWtPHWUR 9 VDELHQGR TXH OD OHFWXUD GHO SULPHU
YROWtPHWURHV 9 9 ODOHFWXUDGHOSULPHUDPSHUtPHWURHV $ $ \OD
OHFWXUDGHOSULPHUYDWtPHWURHV : :
E &RQVRORHOLQWHUUXSWRU N FHUUDGRLQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N DELHUWRVODVOHFWXUDVGH

ORV YDWtPHWURV VRQ : : : : \ : :
&RQ HVWRV GDWRV KDOOD ODV OHFWXUDV GH ORV DPSHUtPHWURV $ $ \ $ OD OHFWXUD
G G
GHOYROWtPHWUR 9 \ODVLPSHGDQFLDVSRUIDVHGHODVFDUJDV\ = & \ = &
F &RQ VROR HO LQWHUUXSWRU N DELHUWR LQWHUUXSWRUHV N \ N FHUUDGRV VH KD

FRORFDGR XQD EDWHUtD GH FRQGHQVDGRUHV HQ HVWUHOOD SDUD LJXDODU HO IDFWRU GH

SRWHQFLD WRWDO D OD XQLGDG FRV Mn &RQ HVWRV GDWRV KDOODU OD OHFWXUD GHO
WRWDO
SULPHUDPSHUtPHWUR $ ODOHFWXUDGHOVHJXQGRYROWtPHWUR 9 ODVOHFWXUDVGHORV

YDWtPHWURV : \ : \ OD FDSDFLGDG GH ORV FRQGHQVDGRUHV LPSOHPHQWDGRV HQ
HVWUHOOD
&DUJD
FRVĳ L
HQHVWUHOODȜ
A2
5 5/ ;/ 5¶ O N 5¶ N &
A1 W2
V1 V2
* 6
W1
5/ ;/ 6¶ O
W3
6¶ &
a O
7 5/ ;/ 7¶ &
7¶
N A3
&DUJD &DUJD
IDVH FRVĳ ¥L
HQHVWUHOODȜ HQHVWUHOODȜ

6ROXFLyQ
G
D 5/ ȍ ; / M ȍ 9 9
E$ $$ $ $9 9
G G
= & M ȍ IDVH = & M ȍ IDVH
F$ $9 9 : : : &O P)
220
Problema 14.33
6HFXHQFLDGLUHFWD567
&DUJDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
6HFRQRFHQODVOHFWXUDVVLJXLHQWHVSURSRUFLRQDGDVSRUORVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHPHGLGD
9 9 $ $: : : :
: : : : : :

&RQHVWDLQIRUPDFLyQ\WRPDQGRFRPRRULJHQGHiQJXORVHOGHODWHQVLyQGHIDVHDOLQLFLR
G
GHODOtQHD 951 KDOODU
D /DVOHFWXUDVGHORVDPSHUtPHWURV $ $ \ $ \ODGHOYROWtPHWUR 9

G G
E (OYDORUGHWRGDVODVLPSHGDQFLDVGHVFRQRFLGDV 5/ ; / = & 5& M; &
G
\ = & = & ∟M&
5/ ;/ O
5 A1 A3 W5
V1 V2 A4
* 6 5/ ;/
W2
a O
=&
A2
7 O 5/ ;/
W1 W3
O
W4
O
;& ;& ;&
5& 5& 5&

6ROXFLyQ
D $ $$ $$ $\ 9 9

G G
E5/ ȍ ; / M ȍ =&Ȝ M ȍ IDVH
G
=&' R ȍ IDVH
221
PROBLEMAS DE SISTEMAS DE
DISTRIBUCIÓN

Sistemas de distribución de
energía eléctrica
(VWH GHFLPRTXLQWR \ ~OWLPR FDStWXOR GH OD REUD HVWi IRUPDGR SRU HQXQFLDGRV GH
SUREOHPDV FRQ VXV UHVSHFWLYDV VROXFLRQHV GH DSOLFDFLyQ UHDO 6RQ OR PiV SDUHFLGR D ORV
SUR\HFWRVGHEDMDWHQVLyQHOpFWULFRVFRQTXHVHHQFRQWUDUiQORVIXWXURVLQJHQLHURVFXQGRVH
LQFRUSRUHQDOPXQGRODERUDOHQFXDQWRDLQVWDODFLRQHVGHEDMDWHQVLyQWHQVLRQHVLQIHULRUHV
D9
(OFDStWXORHVWiGLYLGLGRHQGRVJUDQGHViUHDVORVSULPHURVSUREOHPDVFRUUHVSRQGHQD
VLVWHPDVHOpFWULFRVHQDQWHQDPLHQWUDVTXHORVSUREOHPDVUHVWDQWHVKDFHQUHIHUHQFLDD
VLVWHPDV HOpFWULFRV HQ DQLOOR /RV IXQGDPHQWRV WHyULFRV VRQ ORV PLVPRV SDUD WRGRV ORV
SUREOHPDV HO 5HJODPHQWR HOHFWURWpFQLFR GH EDMD WHQVLyQ \ VXV ,QVWUXFFLRQHV
FRPSOHPHQWDULDVDOJXQDVGHODVFXDOHVVHUHSURGXFHQHQIRUPDGHWDEODVDOILQDOGHOOLEUR
3RU WDQWR HV XQ FDStWXOR TXH SHUPLWLUi DO OHFWRU IDPLOLDUL]DUVH FRQ SUR\HFWRV HOpFWULFRV
UHDOHVRFDVLUHDOHVGHODGLVFLSOLQDHOpFWULFD\HQFRQFUHWRGHODEDMDWHQVLyQHQTXHOD
FRPSOHMLGDG GH FiOFXOR HV PHQRU \ SUHGRPLQD HO VHQWLGR FRP~Q HQ OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH ODV
HFXDFLRQHV R HQ OD HOHFFLyQ GHO WLSR \ OD VHFFLyQ GH ORV FDEOHV TXH FRQIRUPDUiQ OD
LQVWDODFLyQ
(QGHILQLWLYDVHWUDWDGHGLPHQVLRQDUODVLQVWDODFLRQHV\ODVSURWHFFLRQHVGHXQDKLSRWpWLFD
UHG TXH VHUYLUi D XQRV FRQVXPLGRUHV LQWHJUDGRV SRU HPSUHVDV ORFDOHV FRPHUFLDOHV R
HGLILFLRVGHYLYLHQGDVLQGLFDQGRODVVHFFLRQHVGHORVFDEOHVODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHORVWXERV
\ ORV YDORUHV SDUD ORV DSDUDWRV GH SURWHFFLyQ FXPSOLHQGR OD QRUPDWLYD HVWDEOHFLGD DO
HIHFWR OR FXDO UHTXLHUH OD FRQVXOWD GH ODV WDEODV UHDOHV GH ORV UHJODPHQWRV HOpFWULFRV
YLJHQWHV
(VXQWHPDLPSRUWDQWHGHDKtHOQ~PHURHOHYDGRGHSUREOHPDVORVFXDOHVHVWiQGLVSXHVWRV
HQRUGHQFUHFLHQWHGHGLILFXOWDG
225
CIRCUITOS EN ANTENA
Problema 15.1
6HGLVSRQHGHXQDVOtQHDVDpUHDVGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQEDMDWHQVLyQ%7GH9TXH
DOLPHQWDQ YDULDV FDUJDV FRQ XQ IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD GH LQGXFWLYR LQVWDODGDV FRPR VH
LQGLFDHQODILJXUD'LFKDVOtQHDVHVWiQIRUPDGDVSRUFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVHQKD]FRQVWLWXLGRV
SRUWUHVIDVHVGHDOXPLQLRUHVLVWLYLGDG\FRQHOQHXWURILDGRUGHDOPHOHF$OP,7&
%7 WDEOD (VWRV FDEOHV HVWiQ DLVODGRV FRQ SROLHWLOHQR UHWLFXODGR ;/3( /DV
FRQGLFLRQHVGHODLQVWDODFLyQ VRQWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHGH&ODLQVWDODFLyQGLVFXUUH
SDUDOHODDRWUDVGRVLQVWDODFLRQHVGHPRGRTXHHQWRWDOHVWiIRUPDGDSRUXQDDJUXSDFLyQ
GHWUHVFDEOHVDLVODGRVHQKD]
$GHPiVVHVDEHTXHODVSRWHQFLDVGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR\ORVWLHPSRVPi[LPRVGHGLVSDURGH
ORVUHOpVGHSURWHFFLyQVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
7UDPR$%09$\V
7UDPR%'09$\V
7HQLHQGRSUHVHQWHVORVFULWHULRVGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQWHPSHUDWXUD\FRUWRFLUFXLWRFDOFXODU
D /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVTXHKD\TXHFRORFDUHQHOWUDPR$%VXSRQLHQGR
XQDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHO
E /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVTXHKD\TXHFRORFDUHQHOWUDPR%'VXSRQLHQGR
XQDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHO
&
P N:
$ P P % P P '
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: N: N: N:
6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP \ 6 %' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
, Pi[ $% $, Pi[ %' $6 $% PP \ 6 %' PP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF $% $6 $% PP
, FF %' $6 %' PP
226
Sistemas de distribución de energía eléctrica
$GRSWDPRV
6 $% [$O $OP \ 6 %' [ $O $OP
Problema 15.2
6HGLVSRQHGHXQDOtQHDVXEWHUUiQHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQ%7HQDQWHQDGH9+]
TXH DOLPHQWD YDULDV FDUJDV FRQ XQ PLVPR IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD GH LQGXFWLYR /RV
FRQGXFWRUHVGLVSXHVWRVHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVVRQGHFREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGȡ
āPPPDLVODGRVFRQ39&SROLFORUXURGHYLQLOR\GLVFXUUHQDXQDSURIXQGLGDGGH
P EDMR WXER I SRU WHUUHQRV FRQ XQD UHVLVWLYLGDG WpUPLFD GH .āP: \ XQD
WHPSHUDWXUDGH&
6H VDEH DGHPiV TXH ODV FDtGDV GH WHQVLyQ ODV SRWHQFLDV Pi[LPDV \ PtQLPDV GH
FRUWRFLUFXLWR \ ORV WLHPSRV Pi[LPRV GH GLVSDUR GH ORV UHOpV GH SURWHFFLyQ VRQ
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
75$02 Ǽ9 6FFPD[ 6FFPLQ WGLVSDUR

$% 09$ 09$ V
%& 09$ 09$ V
%' 09$ 09$ V
D /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVDVtFRPRHOGLiPHWURGHORVWXERVDFRORFDUHQORV
WUDPRV$%%&\%'
E /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVDFRORFDUDOSULQFLSLRGHFDGD
OtQHD LQGLFDQGR VX LQWHQVLGDG QRPLQDO OD LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH OD LQWHQVLGDG
PtQLPD GHO GLVSDUR PDJQpWLFR \ VX SRGHU GH FRUWH DGRSWDU XQD LQWHQVLGDG GH
DUUDQTXH,DUUT ,QāDVtFRPRHO3RGHUGH&RUWH3G&FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
&
P N:
$ P P % P P '
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: N: N:

6ROXFLRQHV
D 6HFFLRQHV\GLiPHWURVWXERV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP 6 %& PP 6 %' PP
227
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
, Pi[ $% $, Pi[ %& $, Pi[ %' $
6 $%
PP 6 %&
PP \ 6 %' PP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ $% $6 $% PP
, FF PD[ %& $6 %' PP
, FF PD[ %' $6 %' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $% [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
6 %& [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
6 %' [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP

E &DUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRV
,FF
,UHDO ,DUUDT ,LQWHU ,WDEODV ,FFPtQ ,PDJ 3G&
75$02 PD[
$ $ $ $ $ PtQ$ $
$
$%
%&
%'

Problema 15.3
3DUDXQDLQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDVHGHVHDUHDOL]DUXQVXPLQLVWURHQDQWHQDPHGLDQWHXQDOtQHD
WULIiVLFD GH 9 +] FRQ FRQGXFWRUHV WULSRODUHV GH FREUH UHVLVWLYLGDG
DLVODGRVFRQHWLOHQRSURSLOHQR(35/DLQVWDODFLyQGLVFXUULUiEDMRWXERHPSRWUDGRHQOD
REUDFRHILFLHQWHFRUUHFWRUVHJ~QHOHVTXHPDVLJXLHQWH
+ N:
P
$ P % P & P ' P *

$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: N: N:
P
( N:
P
) N:

228
&RQGLFLRQHV
(O IDFWRU GH SRWHQFLD GH WRGRV ORV FRQVXPRV HV GH LQGXFWLYR H[FHSWR SDUD HO
FRQVXPRHQ*TXHHVGHLQGXFWLYR
/DLQVWDODFLyQGLVFXUUHDPGHSURIXQGLGDG\ODUHVLVWLYLGDGWpUPLFDGHOWHUUHQRHV
GH.āP:
6H VDEH DGHPiV TXH ODV FDtGDV GH WHQVLyQ ODV SRWHQFLDV Pi[LPDV \ PtQLPDV GH
FRUWRFLUFXLWR \ ORV WLHPSRV Pi[LPRV GH GLVSDUR GH ORV UHOpV GH SURWHFFLyQ VRQ
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
75$02 Ǽ9 6FFPD[ 6FFPLQ WGLVSDUR

$' 09$ 09$ V
'+ 09$ 09$ V
') 09$ 09$ V
'* 09$ 09$ V
D /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVDVtFRPRHOGLiPHWURGHORVWXERVDFRORFDUHQ
ORVWUDPRV$''+')\'*
E /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVDFRORFDUDOSULQFLSLRGH
FDGD OtQHD LQGLFDQGR VX LQWHQVLGDG QRPLQDO OD LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH OD
LQWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GHO GLVSDUR PDJQpWLFR \ VX SRGHU GH FRUWH DGRSWDU XQD
LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH ,DUUT ,Qā DVt FRPR HO 3RGHU GH &RUWH 3G&
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $' PP 6 '+ PP 6 ') PP 6 '* PP

3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
, Pi[ $' $, Pi[ '+ $, Pi[ ') $, Pi[ '* $
6 $'
PP 6 '+
PP 6 ')
PP 6 '* PP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ $' $6 $' PP
, FF PD[ '+ $6 '+ PP
, FF PD[ ') $6 ') PP
, FF PD[ '* $6 '* PP
229
$GRSWDPRV
6 $' [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
6 '+ [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
6 ') [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
6 '* [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP


,UHDO ,DUUDT ,LQWHU ,WDEODV ,FFPtQ ,PDJ ,FFPD[ 3G&
75$02
$ $ $ $ $ PtQ$ $ $
$'
'+
')
'*

Problema 15.4
8WLOL]DQGRFRQGXFWRUHVGHFREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVDLVODGRV

FRQ ;/3( HQ XQD LQVWDODFLyQ HQWHUUDGD D P GH SURIXQGLGDG HQ XQ WHUUHQR FRQ
UHVLVWLYLGDGWpUPLFDGH.āP:VHGHVHDUHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQWULIiVLFDSDUD
FDUJDVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUDDGMXQWD
/DWHQVLyQGHODOtQHDHVGH9+]\ODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHV
GHO
&DOFXODU OD VHFFLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRU SRU FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ SRU OtPLWH WpUPLFR \ SRU
FRUWRFLUFXLWRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHVHJ~QHO5(%7ODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHV
ODLQGLFDGDHQODWDEODGHOtQHDVVXEWHUUiQHDV,7&%7
P $ P % P & P '

$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: $ N: $

FRVĳ FRVĳ FRVĳ FRVĳ
6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
, Pi[ $' $IW
6 $' [$O $OP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, && $' $\ 6&& $' PP
230
$GRSWDPRV
6 $' [$O $OP
Problema 15.5
8QDOtQHDGHGLVWULEXFLyQDpUHDXWLOL]DFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVHQKD]IRUPDGRVSRUODVWUHVIDVHV\
HOQHXWURGHDOXPLQLRUHVLVWLYLGDGYHUWDEODGHOD,7&%7(VWRVFDEOHVHVWiQ
WHQGLGRV FRQ XQ ILDGRU GH DFHUR \ DLVODGRV FRQ SROLHWLOHQR UHWLFXODGR ;/(3 6H TXLHUH
UHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQWULIiVLFDSDUDFDUJDVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUDDGMXQWD
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODLQVWDODFLyQ
7HQVLyQGHODOtQHD9
)UHFXHQFLD+]
&DtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOH
3RWHQFLDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR6FFPD[ 09$6FFPLQ 09$
7LHPSRGHGLVSDURGHORVUHOpVW V
(QFDGDFDQDOL]DFLyQGLVFXUUHQFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVHQKD]
/DWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHHVGH&
P $ P % P & P '

$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: $ N:

FRVĳ FRVĳ FRVĳ
$P
P FRVĳ

7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDODVLQGLFDFLRQHVGHO5(%7,7&%7FDOFXODU
D /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
E /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUWHPSHUDWXUD
F /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
G /DVHFFLyQILQDODGRSWDGDSDUDHOFRQGXFWRU
H (OGLiPHWURGHOWXERDFRORFDU
I /DV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHO LQWHUUXSWRU DXWRPiWLFRV D FRORFDU DO SULQFLSLR GH OD OtQHD
LQGLFDQGRVXLQWHQVLGDGQRPLQDOODLQWHQVLGDGGHDUUDQTXHODLQWHQVLGDGPtQLPD
231
GHOGLVSDURPDJQpWLFR\VXSRGHUGHFRUWHDGRSWDUXQDLQWHQVLGDGGHDUUDQTXH,DUUT
,QāDVtFRPRHO3RGHUGH&RUWH3G&FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ $' $\ 6 $' PP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, && $' $\ 6&& $' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $' [ $O $O I WXER$' PP
E &DUDFWHUtVWLFDLQWHUUXSWRUDXWRPiWLFRV

75$02
$ $ $ $ $ PtQ$ $ $
$'

Problema 15.6
6H GLVSRQH GH XQDV OtQHDV DpUHDV GH GLVWULEXFLyQ HQ %7 GH 9 \ +] TXH
DOLPHQWDQYDULDVFDUJDVFRQ XQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHLQGXFWLYRFRPRVHLQGLFDHQOD
ILJXUD'LFKDVOtQHDVHVWiQFRQVWLWXLGDVSRUFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVHQKD]IRUPDGRVSRUWUHVIDVHV
GHDOXPLQLRUHVLVWLYLGDG\FRQHOQHXWURILDGRUGHDOPHOHF$OP,7&%7YHU
WDEOD(VWRVFDEOHVHVWiQDLVODGRVFRQSROLHWLOHQRUHWLFXODGR;/3(/DVFRQGLFLRQHVGH
ODLQVWDODFLyQVRQWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWHGH&\ODLQVWDODFLyQGLVFXUUHSDUDOHODDRWUDV
FLQFRLQVWDODFLRQHV
$GHPiVVHVDEHTXHODVSRWHQFLDVGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR\ORVWLHPSRVPi[LPRVGHGLVSDURGH
ORVUHOpVGHSURWHFFLyQVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
7UDPR$%09$\V
7UDPR%&09$\V
7UDPR%'09$\V
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDORVFULWHULRVGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQWHPSHUDWXUD\FRUWRFLUFXLWRKDOODU
D /D VHFFLyQ GH ORV FRQGXFWRUHV TXH KD\ TXH FRORFDU HQ HO WUDPR $% VXSRQLHQGR
XQDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQGHO
232
E /D VHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVTXH KD\TXHFRORFDUHQHOWUDPR%& VXSRQLHQGR

F /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVTXHKD\TXHFRORFDUHQHOWUDPR%'VXSRQLHQGR
$ P P % P ' P

$OLPHQWDFLyQ
N: N: N: N:
N:
P
&

6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP 6 %& PP 6 %' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ $% $, Pi[ %& $ , Pi[ %' $

6 $% PP 6 %& PP 6 %' PP
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, && $% $, && %& $, && %' $

6&& $' PP 6&& '+ PP 6&& ') PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $' [ $O $OP 6 %& [ $O $OP
6 %' [ $O $OP
Problema 15.7
6H GHVHD UHDOL]DU OD LQVWDODFLyQ HOpFWULFD GH XQD QDYH LQGXVWULDO FRQ ORV FRQVXPRV \ ODV
GLVWDQFLDV TXH VH LQGLFDQ HQ OD ILJXUD DGMXQWD /RV FDEOHV XWLOL]DGRV VRQ FRQGXFWRUHV GH
FREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVPXOWLSRODUHV DLVODGRVFRQHWLOHQRSURSLOHQR
(35YHUWDEODGHOD,7&%7
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODLQVWDODFLyQVRQODVVLJXLHQWHV
,QVWDODFLyQHQWHUUDGDDPGHSURIXQGLGDG
7HPSHUDWXUDGHOWHUUHQR&
5HVLVWLYLGDGWpUPLFDGHOWHUUHQR.āP:
7RGDODLQVWDODFLyQVHUHDOL]DEDMRWXERIDFWRUGHFRUUHFFLyQGHO
233
/DWHQVLyQGHODOtQHDHVGH9+]\FRQXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLJXDOSDUD
WRGDVODVFDUJDVGHLQGXFWLYR
&DOFXODUODVHFFLyQSRUHOFULWHULRGHODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ\SRUHOFULWHULRGHODWHPSHUDWXUD
DVtFRPRODVHFFLyQILQDOHVFRJLGDFRQVLGHUDQGRORVVLJXLHQWHVWUHVWUDPRVSRVLEOHV
D 6HFFLyQGHOWUDPR$%VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ

Pi[LPDSHUPLWLGDHVGHO
E 6HFFLyQGHOWUDPR$&VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ

F 6HFFLyQGHOWUDPR$'VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ

$
P
$
P
$
P & P P
P P
P
$ $ $ $
$ P P P % P P P
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P
$ $ $ $ $
$
P P
$ $
'

6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP 6 $& PP 6 $' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ $% $, Pi[ $& $ , Pi[ $' $

6 $% PP 6 $& PP 6 $' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $% [ 1 7 6 $& [ 1 7
6 $' [ 1 7

Problema 15.8
FREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVDLVODGRVFRQSROLHWLOHQRUHWLFXODGR
;/3(YHUWDEODGHOD,7&%7
234
7RGD OD LQVWDODFLyQ VH UHDOL]D EDMR WXER IDFWRU GH FRUUHFFLyQ GHO FRQ XQD
DJUXSDFLyQGHWUHVFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVVHSDUDGRVHQWUHHOORVP
DVtFRPRODVHFFLyQILQDOHVFRJLGDFRQVLGHUDQGRORVVLJXLHQWHVWUHVWUDPRVSRVLEOHV
D 7UDPR $% VHFFLyQ FRQVWDQWH HQ WRGR HO WUDPR VL OD FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ Pi[LPD
SHUPLWLGDHVGHO
E 7UDPR $& VHFFLyQ FRQVWDQWH HQ WRGR HO WUDPR VL OD FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ Pi[LPD
SHUPLWLGDHVGHO
F 7UDPR $' VHFFLyQ FRQVWDQWH HQ WRGR HO WUDPR VL OD FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ Pi[LPD
SHUPLWLGDHVGHO
$
% P
$
P
$
P P P
P P
P
$ $ $ $
$ P P P P P P P
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P
P $
$ $ $ $
$
P $ P
$ $
P
$
&
P
$ $ $ $

P
' P P P
6ROXFLRQHV
3RU&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP 6 $& PP 6 $' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ $% $, Pi[ $& $ , Pi[ $' $

6 $% PP 6 $& PP 6 $' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $% [ 1 7 6 $& [ 1 7
6 $' [ 1 7
235
Problema 15.9
FREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVDLVODGRVFRQ;/3(
7RGD OD LQVWDODFLyQ VH UHDOL]D EDMR WXER IDFWRU GH FRUUHFFLyQ GHO FRQ XQD
DJUXSDFLyQGHGRVFDEOHVWULIiVLFRVVHSDUDGRVHQWUHHOORVP
DVtFRPRODVHFFLyQILQDOHVFRJLGDFRQVLGHUDQGRORVWUHVWUDPRVSRVLEOHVVLJXLHQWHV
D 7UDPR$%VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODǻ9

E 7UDPR%&VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODǻ9
F 7UDPR%'VHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHHQWRGRHOWUDPRVLODǻ9
$
& P
$
P
$
P P P
P P
P
$ $ $ $
$ P P % P P
P P P
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P
P $
$ $ $ $
$
P $ P
$ $
P
$
P
$ $ $ $

P
' P P P

6ROXFLRQHV
7UDPR$%
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $% PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , PD[ $
6 $% PP ,7DEODV $
236
$GRSWDPRV
6 $% u 1 7
7UDPR%&
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6%& PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
)W ,PD[ $
6%& PP,7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
6 %& u 1 7 6%&
7UDPR%'
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 %' PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , PD[ $

6 (' PP ,7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
6 (' u 1 7
Problema 15.10
8QD OtQHD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ HQ %7 HVWi DOLPHQWDGD SRU XQD WHQVLyQ GH 9 HVWDQGR
IRUPDGDSRUFRQGXFWRUHVGHDOXPLQLRWUHQ]DGRVHQKD]FRQODVVHFFLRQHV\ODGLVSRVLFLyQ
TXHVHLQGLFDQHQODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH&RQHVWDVFRQGLFLRQHVFDOFXODUODVFDtGDVGHWHQVLyQ
\ODPi[LPDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQHQORVGLVWLQWRVWUDPRV
N:
$ PPð % PPð & PPð ' N:

$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P P P P
P
N: N: N: N:
PPð
N:
P
(
N:

237
6ROXFLRQHV
X $% X%& X&' X%(

X $'

Problema 15.11
&DOFXOD OD VHFFLyQ GH ORV GLVWLQWRV WUDPRV GH OD OtQHD GH GLVWULEXFLyQ WULIiVLFD TXH VH
PXHVWUD HQ OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH (O FRQGXFWRU HV GH DOXPLQLR WUHQ]DGR HQ KD] DLVODGR FRQ
SROLHWLOHQR UHWLFXODGR ;/3( SDUD LQVWDODFLyQ DO DLUH FRQ QHXWUR ILDGRU /D WHQVLyQ GH
OtQHDHVGH9\ODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDHVODLQGLFDGDHQFDGDWUDPR6HFRQVLGHUD
XQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLJXDODODXQLGDGSDUDWRGDVODVFDUJDV
$ X$% % X%' ' X'( (
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P P P P
P X')
N: P N: N:
P
X%& N: )
N:
P N:
&
N:

6ROXFLRQHV
6 $% 6 %' PP 6 %& 6 '( 6 ') PP

CIRCUITOS EN ANILLO

Problema 15.12
6HTXLHUHUHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQWULIiVLFDSDUDFDUJDVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUD
DGMXQWDHQODFXDOWRGDVODVFDUJDVWLHQHQXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDIGSGHLQGXFWLYR
&RQGXFWRUHVGHFREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQWHUQDVGHFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVDLVODGRVFRQ

HWLOHQRSURSLOHQR(35EDMRWXERI
,QVWDODFLyQHQWHUUDGDDP
/D ]DQMD SRU OD TXH GLVFXUUH OD LQVWDODFLyQ HVWi RFXSDGD HQ WRWDO SRU VHLV
LQVWDODFLRQHVVHSDUDGDVHQWUHHOODVP
/DWHQVLyQGHODOtQHDHV9+]
238
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHVGHO
&DOFXODU OD VHFFLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRU GHO DQLOOR SRU FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ \ SRU FULWHULR WpUPLFR
WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHVHJ~QHO5(%7ODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHVODLQGLFDGDHQ
ODWDEODGHODLQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7
% P &
P
N: N:
P
$
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
P '
P
( N:
N:

6ROXFLRQHV
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $,727 $
1XGRGHLJXDOGDGGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ1XGR'
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $' PP 6 $
'
PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ DQLOOR $ 6 $QLOOR PP
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
$GDSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
Problema 15.13
&DOFXODUOD VHFFLyQGHOD OtQHDWULIiVLFDHQDQLOORUHSUHVHQWDGDHQOD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH /RV

FRQGXFWRUHV VRQ GH DOXPLQLR FDEOH WHWUDSRODU DLVODGR FRQ (35 N9 HQ LQVWDODFLyQ
FHUUDGDEDMRWXER/DWHQVLyQGHOtQHDHVGH9\ODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDHVGHO
6HFRQVLGHUDXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDFRP~QSDUDWRGDVODVFDUJDVGH
% P &
P
P '
$ $
$
P $
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
P (
N:

239
6ROXFLyQ
6 PP

Problema 15.14
&DOFXODU OD VHFFLyQ GH OD OtQHD WULIiVLFD FHUUDGD UHSUHVHQWDGD HQ OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH /RV
FRQGXFWRUHVVRQGHDOXPLQLRFDEOH5=HQLQVWDODFLyQDpUHDWHQVDGDFRQQHXWURILDGRU/D
WHQVLyQ GH OtQHDV HV GH 9 \ OD FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ Pi[LPD GH 6H FRQVLGHUD OD
XQLGDGFRPRIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDFRP~QSDUDWRGDVODVFDUJDV
&
P P
% '
P $
$OLPHQWDFLyQ $ $
$ P
P (
$

6ROXFLyQ
6 PP

Problema 15.15
8WLOL]DQGR FRQGXFWRUHV GH FREUH HQ XQ FDEOH WHWUDSRODU DLVODGRV FRQ HWLOHQR SURSLOHQR
(35\HQXQDLQVWDODFLyQHQWHUUDGDDPGHSURIXQGLGDGHQXQWHUUHQRFRQUHVLVWLYLGDG
WpUPLFDGH.āP:VHTXLHUHUHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQSDUDFDUJDVFRPRHQOD
ILJXUDDGMXQWDWHQLHQGRWRGDVODVFDUJDVXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHLQGXFWLYR
/DWHQVLyQGHODOtQHDHV9+]\ODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHVGHO

&DOFXODUODVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ\SRUFULWHULRVWpUPLFRVWHQLHQGRHQ
FXHQWDTXHVHJ~QHO5(%7ODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHHVODLQGLFDGDHQODWDEODGH
ODLQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7
%
P
P N:
N:
$ &
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P
P
P '
(
N:
N:

240

6ROXFLRQHV
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $ ,727 $
1XGRGHLJXDOGDGGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ1XGR'
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $' PP 6 $
'
PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ DQLOOR $6 $QLOOR PP
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
$GDSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
Problema 15.16
6HTXLHUHUHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQWULIiVLFDSDUDFDUJDVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUD
DGMXQWDHQODTXHWRGDVODVFDUJDVWLHQHQXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHLQGXFWLYR
/DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODLQVWDODFLyQVRQODVVLJXLHQWHVLQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7
&RQGXFWRUHV GH FREUH UHVLVWLYLGDG HQ WHUQDV GH FDEOHV DLVODGRV FRQ HWLOHQR
SURSLOHQR(35EDMRWXERI
/D ]DQMD SRU OD FXDO GLVFXUUH OD LQVWDODFLyQ HVWi RFXSDGD HQ WRWDO SRU FXDWUR
LQVWDODFLRQHVVHSDUDGDVHQWUHHOODVP
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHSDUDHODQLOORHVGHO
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVGHHORULJHQHVGHO
+DOODUSRUFULWHULRGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ\WpUPLFR,7&%7
D /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUGHODQLOORVHFFLyQ~QLFDSDUDWRGRHODQLOOR
E /DVHFFLyQGHOWUDPR ( (
241
P
P N: &
$
N:
$OLPHQWDFLyQ P P
)
P '
P
N: (
N:
P
N:
P
N:
P
N:
(

6ROXFLRQHV
D$QLOOR
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $H ,727 $
1XGRGHLJXDOGDGGHFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ1XGR&
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $& PP 6 $
&
PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ DQLOOR $6 $QLOOR PP
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
E7UDPR > ( ( @
&DtGDGHWHQVLyQSHUPLWLGD
9 9 6 ( ( PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ ( ( $6 ( ( PP
242
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
6 ( ( [ 1 7
Problema 15.17
6HUHTXLHUHUHDOL]DUHOFiOFXORGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDHQXQDFDQWHUDFRQHOHVTXHPD
KH[DJRQDOLQGLFDGRHQODILJXUD/DOtQHD WULIiVLFDHVWi IRUPDGDSRUFRQGXFWRUHVDLVODGRV
EDMR WXER FRQ FRQGXFWRUHV GH FREUH \ DLVODPLHQWR GH HWLOHQR SURSLOHQR (35 PRQWDGRV
HPSRWUDGRV HQ SDUHGHV DLVODQWHV (O VLVWHPD VH DOLPHQWD GH XQ WUDQVIRUPDGRU '\ GH
9FRQHFWDGRDOSXQWR2/DVQHFHVLGDGHVGHODVFDUJDVVRQODVVLJXLHQWHV
3XQWR$SODQWDGHPDFKDFDGRFRQPRWRUHVGHSRWHQFLDWRWDOGH&9UHQGLPLHQWR
GHO\IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
3XQWR%WULWXUDGRUDGHiULGRVFRQSRWHQFLDPHFiQLFDGH&9UHQGLPLHQWRGHO
\IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
3XQWR&HVWDFLyQFODVLILFDGRUDFRQSRWHQFLDLQVWDODGDGHN:\IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD
LQGXFWLYR
3XQWR ' JUXSR GH ODYDGR \ VHFDGR FRQ SRWHQFLD LQVWDODGD GH N: \ IDFWRU GH
SRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
3XQWR ( HTXLSR GH FLQWDV WUDQVSRUWDGRUDV FRQ FRQVXPR GH N: \ IDFWRU GH
SRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
3XQWR)DOXPEUDGR\RWURVXVRVHQWDOOHUHV\RILFLQDVFRQFRQVXPRGHN:\IDFWRU
GHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
&DOFXODU XWLOL]DQGR ODV WDEODV \ GH OD LQVWUXFFLyQ ,&7%7 \ SRU ORV FULWHULRV GH
FDtGDGHWHQVLyQ\GHWHPSHUDWXUD
D /DVHFFLyQGHODUHGSDUDXQDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHO
E /DVHFFLyQGHODOtQHDGHWDOOHUHV\RILFLQDV2)SDUDODPi[LPDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
SHUPLWLGDSRUHO5HJODPHQWR(OHFWURWpFQLFRGH%DMD7HQVLyQ
F /D SRWHQFLD DSDUHQWH GHO WUDQVIRUPDGRU D LQVWDODU SDUD DOLPHQWDU OD FDQWHUD
FRQVLGHUDQGRXQIDFWRUGHVLPXOWDQHLGDGGHODLQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDGHODFDQWHUD

GHMXVWLILFDQGRODUHVSXHVWD 6 8 WRWDO ā, WRWDO ā
1RWDV
5HFRUGDU TXH &9 HTXLYDOH D : \ TXH SDUD SDVDU GH SRWHQFLD PHFiQLFD D
SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFD~WLOODSRWHQFLDXWLOL]DGDSXHGHDSOLFDUVHODIyUPXODVLJXLHQWH
§: ·
3PHFiQLFD &9 ā ¨ ¸
3X © &9 ¹ :

KHOpFWULFR
243
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDSHUPLWLGDHQDOXPEUDGRHVGHO\SDUDRWURVXVRVHV
GHO FXDQGR VH DOLPHQWD XQD LQVWDODFLyQ GLUHFWDPHQWH GHVGH OD VDOLGD GHO
WUDQVIRUPDGRU
)
P
P (
P 7UDQVIRUPDGRU
9 N9
'
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
P P
& $
P P
%

6ROXFLRQHV
D$QLOOR
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $,727 $
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
62& PP 62
&
PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW QR KD\ GDWRV , Pi[ DQLOOR $

6 $QLOOR PP , Pi[ 7DEODV $

$GRSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
E7UDPR >2 ) @
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
62 ) PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW QR KD\ GDWRV , Pi[ 2 ) $62 ) PP
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
62 ) [ 1 7
244
F3RWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUTXHKD\TXHFRORFDUHQODHQWUDGDGHODUHG
67UDQVIRUPDGRU 3 M4 M 9$
Problema 15.18
6HTXLHUHUHDOL]DUHOFiOFXORGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQHOpFWULFDGHXQDIiEULFDFRQHOHVTXHPDTXH
VHLQGLFDHQODILJXUDVLJXLHQWH/DOtQHDHVWULIiVLFDFRQFDEOHPXOWLSRODUFRQFRQGXFWRUHV
GH FREUH \ DLVODPLHQWR GH SROLFORUXUR GH YLQLOR 39& PRQWDGR GLUHFWDPHQWH VREUH OD
SDUHG (O VLVWHPD VH DOLPHQWD PHGLDQWH XQ WUDQVIRUPDGRU WULIiVLFR '\ GH N9
FRQHFWDGRHQHOSXQWR2(VWHDQLOORURGHDODIiEULFD\WLHQHFDUJDVWULIiVLFDVHTXLOLEUDGDV
FRQHFWDGDVHQORVSXQWRVGHO$DO*FRQDUUHJORDODGLVWULEXFLyQVLJXLHQWH
1XGR $SRWHQFLD PHFiQLFD QHFHVDULDGH&9FRQXQUHQGLPLHQWRGHO \ XQ

IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR%SRWHQFLDPHFiQLFDQHFHVDULDGH&9FRQXQUHQGLPLHQWRGHO\XQ
IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR&SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHN:\XQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR'SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHN:\XQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR(HVWHQXGRVHFRPSRQHGHGRVFRQVXPRV
1XGR)SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHN:\XQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR*SRWHQFLDHOpFWULFDGHN:\IDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDLQGXFWLYR
1XGR2OtQHDGHDOXPEUDGRFRQFRQVXPRXQLIRUPHPHQWH GLVWULEXLGR \GHYDORU
$P\IDVHFRQXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVGHHORULJHQGHODQLOORKDVWDHOILQDOGHORVWUDPRVHV
GHOGDWRSDUDHOFiOFXORGHODVHFFLyQGHOWUDPR(*
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQGHOUDPDOGHULYDFLyQ20HVGHO
6H VDEH DGHPiV TXH ODV SRWHQFLDV Pi[LPDV \ PtQLPDV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR \ ORV WLHPSRV
Pi[LPRVGHGLVSDURGHORVUHOpVGHSURWHFFLyQVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
75$02 6FFPD[ 6FFPLQ WGLVSDUR

$1,//2 09$ 09$ V
(* 09$ 09$ 6
20 09$ 09$ V

7HQLHQGR SUHVHQWHV ORV FULWHULRV GH FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ WHPSHUDWXUD \ FRUWRFLUFXLWR
LQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7FDOFXODU
D /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVDVtFRPRHOGLiPHWURGHORVWXERVDFRORFDUHQ
ORVWUDPRV$1,//2(*\20
245
E /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVDFRORFDUDOSULQFLSLRGH
FDGD OtQHD LQGLFDQGR VX LQWHQVLGDG QRPLQDO OD LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH OD
LQWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GHO GLVSDUR PDJQpWLFR \ VX SRGHU GH FRUWH DGRSWDU XQD
LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH ,DUUT ,Qā DVt FRPR HO 3RGHU GH &RUWH 3G&
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
7UDQVIRUPDGRU
P 9 N9
$ 2 $OLPHQWDFLyQ
P P
0
%
P
P
& P ' P (
P )
P
*

6ROXFLRQHV
D$QLOOR
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $,727 $
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
6 $& PP 6 $
&
PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW QR KD\ GDWRV , Pi[ DQLOOR $

6 $QLOOR PP , Pi[ 7DEODV $
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ $1,//2 $6 $QLOOR PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
E7UDPR > ( * @
3RUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
&DtGDGHWHQVLyQSHUPLWLGD9
6 ( * PP
3RUWHPSHUDWXUD
IW QR KD\ GDWRV , Pi[ ( * $6 ( * PP
246
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
3RUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ (* $6 (* PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 (* [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP
F75$02UDPR >2 0 @
,QWHQVLGDGHV , 2 0 $ /RQJLWXG / P
3RU FDtGD GHWHQVLyQ

62 0 PP
3RU WHPSHUDWXUD
IW QR KD\ GDWRV , Pi[ 2 0 $62 0 PP
, Pi[ 7DEODV $
3RU FRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ 20 $620 PP
$GRSWDPRV
620 [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER
! PP

75$02
$ $ $ $ $ PtQ$ $ $
$1,//2
(*
20
Problema 15.19
6HTXLHUHGLVHxDUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQWULIiVLFDSDUDFDUJDVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUD
DGMXQWDHQODTXHWRGDVODVFDUJDVGLVSRQHQGHXQIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDGHLQGXFWLYR
620 [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER

! PP
247
&RQGXFWRUHVGHFREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQIRUPDGHWUHVFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVDLVODGRV

FRQ;/3(EDMRWXERI
/D]DQMDSRUODFXDOGLVFXUUHODLQVWDODFLyQHVWiRFXSDGDHQWRWDOSRULQVWDODFLRQHV
VHSDUDGDVHQWUHHOODVP
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVGHHORULJHQHVGHO
+DOODSRUFULWHULRGHODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ\WpUPLFRLQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7
D /DVLQWHQVLGDGHV , [ H , \ GHODQLOOR
E /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUGHODQLOORVHFFLyQ~QLFDSDUDWRGRHODQLOOR
F /DVHFFLyQGHOWUDPR ( (
% P &
P P
$ $
7UDQVIRUPDGRU
' $
$
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
P
P P P P P

(
* (
) P
P $ $ $ $
$
$

6ROXFLRQHV
D $QLOOR
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $
E$QLOOR

3RU FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ
6 $QLOOR PP
248
3RU WHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ DQLOOR $

6 $QLOOR PP ,7DEODV $
$GRSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
F75$02 UDPR > ( ( @

&DtGD GHWHQVLyQ
SHUPLWLGD
'9( ( 9
3RU FDtGD GHWHQVLyQ

6 ( ( PP

3RU WHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ ( ( $6 ( ( PP ,7DEODV $

Problema 15.20
8QDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQGHHQHUJtDHOpFWULFDVXEWHUUiQHDVHUHDOL]DHQWULIiVLFD\HQVLVWHPD
GHDQLOORFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQODILJXUDDGMXQWD3DUDFDGDFDUJDVHLQGLFDQODLQWHQVLGDG\
HOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLDFRVĳDVtFRPRODVORQJLWXGHVHQWUHFDUJDV
&RQGXFWRUHVGHFREUHUHVLVWLYLGDGHQFDEOHVWULSRODUHVDLVODGRVFRQ;/3(EDMR

WXERI
/D]DQMDSRUODFXDOGLVFXUUHODLQVWDODFLyQHVWiRFXSDGDSRULQVWDODFLRQHVHQWRWDO
VHSDUDGDVHQWUHHOODVP
/DFDtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDGHVGHHORULJHQDFXDOTXLHUSXQWRHVGHO
249
%
P
&
P
P
$FRVĳ
$ '
$FRVĳ
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
P $FRVĳ
P
+ (
P
P
$FRVĳ * $FRVĳ
P
)
$FRVĳ
P
$FRVĳ
P
$FRVĳ
P
) $FRVĳ

6H VDEH DGHPiV TXH ODV SRWHQFLDV Pi[LPDV \ PtQLPDV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR \ ORV WLHPSRV
Pi[LPRVGHGLVSDURGHORVUHOpVGHSURWHFFLyQVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
75$02 6FFPD[ 6FFPLQ WGLVSDUR

$1,//2 09$ 09$ V
))2 09$ 09$ V

7HQLHQGR SUHVHQWHV ORV FULWHULRV GH FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ WHPSHUDWXUD \ FRUWRFLUFXLWR
LQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7FDOFXODU
D /DVHFFLyQGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVDVtFRPRHOGLiPHWURGHORVWXERVDFRORFDUHQORV
WUDPRV$1,//2\))R
E /DVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHORVLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVDFRORFDUDOSULQFLSLRGHFDGD
OtQHD LQGLFDQGR VX LQWHQVLGDG QRPLQDO OD LQWHQVLGDG GH DUUDQTXH OD LQWHQVLGDG
PtQLPD GHO GLVSDUR PDJQpWLFR \ VX SRGHU GH FRUWH DGRSWDU XQD LQWHQVLGDG GH
DUUDQTXH,DUUT ,QāDVtFRPRHO3RGHUGH&RUWH3G&FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
6ROXFLRQHV
D $QLOOR
,QWHQVLGDGHV
, ; $ ,< $
250
3RU FDtGD GHWHQVLyQ

6 $QLOOR PP 6
$QLOOR PP
3RU WHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ DQLOOR $

6 $QLOOR PP ,7DEODV $
3RU FRUWRFLUFXLWR
, FF PD[ $1,//2 $6 $' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 $QLOOR [ 1 7
E75$02 UDPR > ) ) @

&DtGD GHWHQVLyQ
SHUPLWLGD
'9) ) 9
3RU FDtGD GHWHQVLyQ

6 ) ) PP
3RU WHPSHUDWXUD
IW , Pi[ ) ) $6 ) ) PP ,7DEODV $
3RU FRUWR FLUFXLWR

, FF PD[ ) )R $6 $' PP
$GRSWDPRV
6 ) )R [ 1 7 'LiPHWURWXER

! PP

75$02
$ $ $ $ $ PtQ$ $ $
$1,//2
))2
Problema 21
6HTXLHUHUHDOL]DUXQDUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQXQDXUEDQL]DFLyQFX\DVFDUJDVHVWiQUHSDUWLGDV
VHJ~Q VH LQGLFD HQ OD ILJXUD VLJXLHQWH /D LQVWDODFLyQ GHEH LU HQWHUUDGD EDMR WXER D XQD
SURIXQGLGDGGHP\VHTXLHUHUHDOL]DUFRQFDEOHWULSRODUGHFREUH\FRQDLVODPLHQWRGH
251
HWLOHQR SURSLOHQR (35 (O WHUUHQR SRU HO FXDO GLVFXUUH OD FDQDOL]DFLyQ VH FRQVLGHUD TXH
SXHGHDOFDQ]DUORV&\WLHQHXQDUHVLVWLYLGDGWpUPLFDGH.āP:
7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDLQVWUXFFLyQ,7&%7TXHODPi[LPDFDtGDGHWHQVLyQSUHYLVWDHQHO

SUR\HFWRHVGHO\TXHHQHOSXQWR$VHHQFXHQWUDXQFXDGURGH%7FRQXQDLQWHQVLGDG
GHFRUWRFLUFXLWRGH$KDOODU
D /DVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUGHODUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQ
E (O WLHPSR GH DFWXDFLyQ Pi[LPR GHO GLVSRVLWLYR GH SURWHFFLyQ FRQWUD
FRUWRFLUFXLWRVFRQVLGHUDODFRQVWDQWHGHOFRQGXFWRU.
F 6L ORV SUHFLRV GH ORV FDEOHV WULSRODUHV FRQ (35 GH PPð \ PPð VRQ
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGH¼P\¼P\ORVGHORVFDEOHVXQLSRODUHVFRQ(35GH
PPð\PPðVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHGH¼P\¼PWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWD
TXH HO FRVWH GHO WHQGLGR \ GH OD REUD FLYLO GH OD FDQDOL]DFLyQ HV HO PLVPR
GHWHUPLQD HO FDEOH TXH VXSRQH OD PHMRU HOHFFLyQ GHVGH HO SXQWR GH YLVWD
HFRQyPLFR
N:FRVĳ $FRVĳ

P
% &
P
P '
(
P
,FF $ $ P N:FRVĳ
N:FRVĳ
$OLPHQWDFLyQ 7UDQVIRUPDGRU
6ROXFLRQHV
D /DVHFFLyQTXHILQDOPHQWHVHDGRSWDHVGHPP
E (OWLHPSRGHDFWXDFLyQPi[LPRVHUtDV
WULSRODU ¼
F 3DUDXQFDEOH GHPPHOFRVWHHVGH Pā ¼
WHWUDSRODU P
3DUDHOFDEOHXQLSRODUGHPPFRPRKD\TXHWHQGHU FRQGXFWRUHV IDVHV QHXWUR

¼
HOFRVWHVHUtDGHPāā ¼
P
/DPHMRURSFLyQGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDHFRQyPLFRHVODGHOFDEOHWULSRODUWHWUDSRODU
252

FORMULARIO
FÓRMULAS GENERALES
Impedancia, admitancia y ángulo total de un sistema eléctrico:

=L 5L M; L = L IL ;/ M S I ā/ MZ/ ;&
MZ&

<L * M% * % MZ& I7 I8 L I,L I6L
= 5
Intensidad al final de línea, tensión de fase, tensión al inicio de la línea y

rendimiento total de un sistema de potencia:
3L 36$/,'$
,L I8L I,L K
8 L ā āFRV IL 8L 3(175$'$
9 L 9 9 = ā,

Valores instantáneos y eficaces:
, PD[ LPR
LJ W , HILFD] ā āVHQ ZW r G YJ W 9HILFD] ā āFRV ZW r G , HILFD]

9PD[ LPR
9HILFD]

Resistencias, bobinas y condensadores:
/ / YLQGXFLGD 6
5 U 5HOXFWDQFLD / & H
6 P6 GL GW G
255
5HVLVWHQFLDV\ERELQDVHQVHULH 5HTXL 5 5 5 /HTXL / / /

5HVLVWHQFLDV\ERELQDVHQSDUDOHOR
5HTXL 5 5 5 /HTXL / / /

&RQGHQVDGRUHVHQVHULH D E
&HTXL & & &

&RQGHQVDGRUHVHQSDUDOHOR &HTXL & & &
F
= D ā= E
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQWULiQJXORHVWUHOOD =
= D =E =F
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQHVWUHOODWULiQJXOR
=ā= = = = =
=D
=
=ā= = = = =
=E
=
=ā= = = = =
=F
=

Relaciones del seno y coseno:
VHQG FRVG FRV G VHQG S UDGLDQHV JUDGRV

Kirchhoff, de mallas y de nudos:
¦ ¦ ,ā= ¦ , ¦,

9 HQWUDQ VDOHQ

3DUDODVPDOODVHVPHMRUFRJHUFDGDXQDGHODVYHQWDQDVGHODUHG
3DUDORVQXGRVUHFXHUGDTXHKHPRVGHWRPDUXQRFRPRUHIHUHQFLDDSRWHQFLDOFHUR

Inductancias mutuas:
GL GM
0 . /ā/ ; 0 . ; /ā; / Y/ W / YLQGXFLGD W 1
GW GW
GY
L& W &
GW
256
Formulario
Teorema de Millman (las fuentes son positivas si miran al punto inicial, en

este caso, al punto “a”):
( (
,J ,J
= =
9DE

= = = =
Teorema del seno y el coseno:
Į

E F
F
D
Ȗ ȕ
D

E E
D E F
ā5DGLR D E F EFāFRV D
VHQD VHQE VHQJ
Triángulo equilátero: Triángulo isósceles:
Į
/ / /
/
Į
Į
/

Į Į
Conversión de fuentes:
)XHQWHGHWHQVLyQ )XHQWHGHFRUULHQWH
5J
D D
± Vg=Ig·Rg 5J
E E

257
Impedancia de entrada, de salida y de transferencia:
9 9 9 9
= = = =
, , , ,

Divisor de tensión e intensidad:
5 5 5 5 5
95 9WRWDO 95 5 9WRWDO , , WRWDO , , WRWDO
¦ 5L ¦ 5L 5 5 5 5
Fórmulas generales para regímenes transitorios:
%RELQD
W W
/HTXLY
L / W
¬

L/f W ªL/f L/ ºāH
¼
W ZPD[ / /HTXLY ā, /
5HTXLY

L/ L/
&RQGHQVDGRU
4&
Y& W Y& f W ª¬Y& f Y& º¼ H W W W 5HTXLY ā&HTXLY ZPD[ & &HDXLY ā9&
&HTXLY
Y& Y&
Fórmulas generales para circuitos eléctricos monofásicos:
3RWHQFLDLQVWDQWiQHD

S W 9PD[ ā, PD[ āFRVG9 G , 9PD[ ā, PD[ āFRVG9 G , āZāW

3RWHQFLDPHGLD

3 9PD[ ā, PD[ ¬ªFRVG9 G , MāVHQ G9 G , ¼º

2WUDVIyUPXODVGHODSRWHQFLDPRQRIiVLFD
9
3L 9L ā, L āFRV IL 5ā, 4 9 ā, āVHQI 6 L 9 L ā, L 3L M4L
5 L L L L
3 6L āFRV IL 4 6L āVHQIL 4 3āWDJI G 7 G9 G ,
0i[LPDWUDQVIHUHQFLDGHSRWHQFLDHQ$&

97+
3PD[
= PD[
=7+ 57+ M; 7+ ,
ā57+
258
Formulario
&RPSHQVDFLyQGHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD
9& 4FRPS
4FRPS 4DQWLJXD 4QXHYD 3āWDJG WDJG
; FRPS &FRPS
4FRPS 9& āZ ; FRPS āZ
Fórmulas generales para circuitos eléctricos trifásicos (secuencia RST):
&LUFXLWRVHTXLOLEUDGRV
951 951 961 961 971 971

951 961 971

, 51 , 61 ,71
=5 =6 =7

5HODFLyQHQWUHWHQVLRQHVGHOtQHD\GHIDVH
8 56 951 961 951 ā G 51 8 67 961 971 961 ā G 61

8 75 971 951 971 ā G 71

5HODFLyQHQWUHLQWHQVLGDGHVGHOtQHD\GHIDVH
,5 , 56 ā G 51 ,6 , 67 ā G 61 ,7 ,75 ā G 71

8 56 8 67 8 75
, 56 , 67 ,75
= 56 = 67 =75

2WUDVIyUPXODVGHODSRWHQFLDWULIiVLFD

9 9
3L 8 L ā, L ā āFRV IL 5ā, 4L 8 L ā, L ā āVHQIL ; ā,
5 ;

6L 8 L ā, L ā 3L M4L
3 6L āFRV IL 4 6L āVHQIL 4 3āWDJI G L G9 G ,
0HGLGDGHODSRWHQFLDWULIiVLFDWRWDOFRQGRVYDWtPHWURVPpWRGRGH$UyQ
Z 8 / ā, / āFRVG Z 8 / ā, / āFRVG 37 Z Z
47 Z Z

FRV G G G9 G ,
51 5
§ Z Z ·
¨ ¸
© Z Z ¹
259
Sistemas desequilibrados:
7HQVLyQGHGHVSOD]DPLHQWRGHOQHXWURHLQWHQVLGDGHVHQVLVWHPDVGHVHTXLOLEUDGRV
951 ā<5 961 ā<6 971 ā<7
91
1 <5 <6 <7
<5 <6 <7 <1 L
=5 =6 =7

<1
=1
95
1 Y51 Y1
1 96
1 Y61 Y1
1 97
1 Y71 Y1
1
95
1 96
1 97
1 91
1 8 56
, 51
, 61
,71
,1
1 , 56
=5 =6 =7 =1 = 56
8 67 8 75
, 67 ,75
= 67 =75
/HFWXUDGHWUHVYDWtPHWURVFRORFDGRVGHOPRGRVLJXLHQWHZHQWUHODVIDVHV57Z
HQWUHODVIDVHV67\ZHQWUHODVIDVHV75
Z 5H ª¬8 57 ā, 5 º¼ Z 5H ª¬8 67 ā, 6 º¼ Z 5H ª¬8 75 ā,7 º¼
&RPSHQVDFLyQGHOIDFWRUGHSRWHQFLD
8 &
4FRPS 4DQWLJXD 4QXHYD 3āWDJG DQWLJXD WDJG QXHYD

; FRPS
4FRPS
4FRPS
&FRPS
8 āZ& ; FRPS āZ
4FRPS &FRPS (675(//$

&FRPS (675(//$
&FRPS 75,$1*8/2
8 āZ & ; FRPS āZ
Fórmulas generales para sistemas eléctricos de distribución:
3RWHQFLDDFWLYDUHDFWLYD\DSDUHQWHWULIiVLFDV

3L 8 L ā, L ā āFRV IL 4L 8 L ā, L ā āVHQIL 6L 8 L ā, L ā 3L M4L
3 6L āFRV IL 4 6L āVHQ IL 4 3āWDJI
,PSHGDQFLDUHDFWDQFLDLQGXFWLYD\iQJXORWRWDOGHXQVLVWHPDGHSRWHQFLD
8 QL
=L 5L M; L = L IL ; 75L H ;&&QL IL I8 L I,L I6L
6 QL
260
Formulario
,QWHQVLGDG DO ILQDO GH OtQHD WHQVLyQ GH IDVH WHQVLyQ DO LQLFLR GH OD OtQHD \
UHQGLPLHQWRWRWDOGHXQVLVWHPDGHSRWHQFLD
3L 8L
,L I8L I,L 9L 9 9 = ā,
8 L ā āFRV IL
3
K 6$/,'$
3
(175$'$
6LVWHPDVGHDQLOOR\DQWHQD
3L K
,L 4 8 ā, ā āVHQI 6 8 ā, ā 3 M4
8 L ā āFRV IL 7
, L L L L
WRWDO
LāO L āO L āO L āO LāO L āO L āO L āO

,\ ,[ , WRWDO , WRWDO , \
OWRWDO OWRWDO
āU ā āU

6
'X
¦ LQ āOQ āFRV IQ 6 8 ā'X
¦ LQ āOQ āFRV IQ
U āU
6
8 ā'X
¦ O ā3 6
Q Q
8 ā'X
¦ O ā3
Q Q
6FF ,FFā W
,FF 6HFFLyQ FF
ā8Q N
261
TABLAS
Líneas aéreas:
1~PHURGHFRQGXFWRUHVSRUVHFFLyQ Tabla 1
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD Intensidad máxima
PP admisible en
[$O$OP amperios a
temperatura
[$O$OP ambiente de 40oC
[$O$OP
[$O$OP
[$O$OP
[$O$OP
Tabla 2
1~PHURGHFRQGXFWRUHV ,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD Intensidad máxima
SRUVHFFLyQPP 3RVDGDVREUHIDFKDGDV 7HQGLGDFRQILDGRUGHDFHUR admisible en
amperios a
[$O temperatura
[$O ambiente de 40oC
[$O
[$O
[$O
[$O
[$O
Tabla 3 Intensidad
1~PHURGHFRQGXFWRUHVSRU ,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPDHQ$ máxima admisible en
VHFFLyQPP 3RVDGDVREUHIDFKDGD 7HQGLGDFRQILDGRUGHDFHUR amperios a
temperatura
[&X ambiente de 40oC
[&X
[&X
Tabla 4
1~PHURGHFDEOHV 0iVGH Factores de corrección de la
intensidad máxima admisible
)DFWRUGHFRUUHFFLyQ en caso de agrupación de
cables aislados en haz,
instalados al aire
263
Tabla 5
Factores de corrección de 7HPSHUDWXUD&
la intensidad máxima $LVODGRVFRQSROLHWLOHQLR
admisible para cables
aislados en haz, en función
UHWLFXODGR
de la temperatura ambiente
Tabla 6
Intensidades 6HFFLyQGHO 'XUDFLyQGHOFRUWRFLUFXLWRV
máximas de circuitos FRQGXFWRUPP
en kA para
conductores de
aluminio

9DORUGHNSDUDKDOODUODLQWHQVLGDGGHOFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&RQGXFWRU $LVODPLHQWR N
39&
&REUH
;/3((35
39&
$OXPLQLR
;/3((35
Líneas subterráneas:
Tabla 7
Intensidad máxima
7HPDGHFDEOHV FDEOHWULSRODURWHWUDSRODU
admisible, en XQLSRODUHV
amperios, para
cables con 6(&&,Ï1
conductores de 120,1$/
aluminio en PP
instalación enterrada
(servicio permanente) 7,32'($,6/$0,(172
;/3( (35 39& ;/3( (35 39&

264
Formulario
Tabla 8
Intensidad máxima
7HPDGHFDEOHV FDEOHWULSRODUR admisible, en
XQLSRODUHV WHWUDSRODU amperios, para
cables con
conductores de cobre
6(&&,Ï1 en instalación
120,1$/ enterrada (servicio
PP permanente)
7,32'($,6/$0,(172
;/3( (35 39& ;/3( (35 39&

Tabla 9
Factor de corrección
7HPSHUDWXUD 7HPSHUDWXUDGHOWHUUHQR4WHQ& F, para temperatura
GH6HUYLFLR del terreno distinto de
4V& 25oC

265
Tabla 10
para resistividad 7LSRGH 5HVLVWLQLGDGWqUPLFDGHOWHUUHQRHQ.P:
térmica del terreno
distinta de 1 K. m/W.
FDEOH

XQLSRODU
WULSRODU
Tabla 11
para agrupaciones de )DFWRUGHFRUUHFFLyQ
cables trifásicos o
temas de cables 6HSDUDFLyQ
unipolares HQWUHORV 1~PHURGHFDEOHVRWHUQHVGHOD]DQMD
FDEOHVR
WHUQDV
' HQ

FRQWDFWR
G P
G P
G P
G P
G P
Tabla 12
Factores de 3URIXQGLGDGGH

corrección para LQVWDODFLyQP
diferentes
profundidades de )DFWRUGH
instalación
FRUUHFFLyQ
266
Formulario
9DORUGHNSDUDKDOODUODLQWHQVLGDGGHOFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&RQGXFWRU $LVODPLHQWR N
39&
&REUH
;/3((35
39&
$OXPLQLR
;/3((35
Tabla 13
6HFFLRQHVPtQLPHVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVGH
6HFFLRQHVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVGHIDVHR SURWHFFLyQPP
SRODUHVGHODLQVWDODFLyQPP
6 d 6
6 d
6 ! 6
&RQXQPtQLPRGH
PPVLORVFRQGXFWRUHVGHSURWHFFLyQQRIRUPDQSDUWHGHODFDQDOL]DFLyQGH
DOLPHQWDFLyQ\WLHQHQXQDSURWHFFLyQPHFjQLFD
DOLPHQWDFLyQ\QRWLHQHQXQDSURWHFFLyQPHFjQLFD
Tabla 14
'XUDFLyQGHOFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQVHJXQGRV Densidad de
7LSRGH corriente de
DLVODPLHQWR cortocircuito, en
A/mm2, para
conductores de
;/3(\(35 aluminio
39&

6HFFLyQPP
39&

6HFFLyQ!PP
Tabla 15
Densidad de
7LSRGH 'XUDFLyQGHOFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQVHJXQGRV corriente de
DLVODPLHQWR cortocircuito, en
A/mm2, para
conductores de
;/3(\(35 cobre.
39&

6HFFLyQPP
39&

6HFFLyQ!PP
267
Instalaciones interiores o receptoras:

Tabla 16 &RQGXFWRUH
Intensidades VDLVODGRV [
admisibles (A) al aire [
HQWXERV [ [ ;/3
40° C. Nº de $ ;/3(
HPSRWUDGRV 39& 39& (R
R(35
conductores con HQSDUHGHV (35
carga y naturaleza DLVODQWHV
del aislamiento &DEOHV
PXOWLFRQGXF
[ [
WRUHVHQ
$ [ [ ;/3 ;/3
WXERV
39& 39& (R (R
HPSRWUDGRV
(35 (35
HQSDUHGHV
DLVODQWHV
&RQGXFWRUHV
DLVODGRVHQ
WXERVHQ [ [
[ [
% PRQWDMH ;/3( ;/3(
39& 39&
VXSHUILFLDOR R(35 R(35
HPSRWUDGRV
HQREUD
&DEOHV
PXOWL
FRQGXFWRUHV
[ [
% HQWXERVHQ [ [
;/3( ;/3(
PRQWDMH 39& 39&
R(35 R(35
VXSHUILFLDO\
HPSRWUDGRV
HQREUD
&DEOHV
PXOWLFRQGXF
[ [
WRUHV [ [
& ;/3( ;/3(
GLUHFWDPHQW 39& 39&
R(35 R(35
HVREUHOD
SDUHG
&DEOHV
PXOWLFRQGXF
WRUHVDODLUH
[ [
OLEUH [ [
( ;/3( ;/3(R
'LVWDQFLDD 39& 39&
R(35 (35
ODSDUHGQR
LQIHULRUD
'
&DEOHV
XQLSRODUHV
HQFRQWDFWR [
[
) PXWXR ;/3(R
39&
'LVWDQFLDD (35
ODSDUHGQR
LQIHULRUD'
&DEOHV
[
XQLSRODUHV [
* ;/3(
VHSDUDGRV 39&
R(35
PtQLPR'
PP

&

R

E

U

H

268
Formulario
Tabla 1
6HFFLRQHVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVGHIDVHR 6HFFLRQHVPtQLPHVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVGH
SRODUHVGHODLQVWDODFLyQPP SURWHFFLyQPP
6 d 6
6 d
6 ! 6
&RQXQPtQLPRGH
DOLPHQWDFLyQ\WLHQHQXQDSURWHFFLyQPHFjQLFD
DOLPHQWDFLyQ\QRWLHQHQXQDSURWHFFLyQPHFjQLFD
Diámetro tubos:
7XERVHPSRWUDGRV
Tabla 18
'LDPHWURH[WHULRUGHORVWXERV Diámetros exteriores
6HFFLyQQRPLQDOGHORV PP mínimos de los tubos
FRQGXFWRUHVXQLSRODUHV en función del número
1~PHURGHFRQGXFWRUHV y la sección de los
PP conductores o cables a
conducir

269
7XERVHQWHUUDGRV
Tabla 19 'LDPHWURH[WHULRUGHORVWXERV
Diámetros exteriores 6HFFLyQQRPLQDOGHORV PP
mínimos de los tubos FRQGXFWRUHVXQLSRODUHV
en función del 1~PHURGHFRQGXFWRUHV
número y la sección PP

de los conductores o
cables a conducir

Interruptores automáticos:
9DORUHVGHOD,Q$QRUPDOL]DGRVSDUDLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRV

3RGHUGHFRUWH.$QRUPDOL]DGRVSDUDLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRV

3RGHUGHFRUWHGHOPDJQHWRWpUPLFR!,PD[FRUWRFLUFXLWR
&RHILFLHQWHGLVSDURWpUPLFRCaDVREUHFDUJDVGHWLHPSRFRQYHQFLRQDO
7F7LHPSR
1RUPD ,Q &D ,I,Q
FRQYHQFLRQDO
,(& $ K

XVRLQGXVWULDO ! $ K
(1 $ K
YLYLHQGDV\ORFDOHVGH

S~EOLFDFRQFXUUHQFLD ! $ K
&XUYDVGHUHVSXHVWDGHORVPDJQHWRWpUPLFRVQRUPDOL]DGRV
7LSRVGH&XUYD ,P ,P ,PDJQpWLFR
&XUYD% ā,Q ā,Q
&XUYD& ā,Q ā,Q
&XUYD'0$ ā,Q ā,Q
270

Teoria de Circuitos Problemas Mujal Roses Ramon PDF

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Teoria de Circuitos Problemas Mujal Roses Ramon PDF

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

ENGINYERIES

Ramón Mujal Roses

Ramón Mujal Roses

© Los autores, 2016

© Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2016

Depósito legal: B 6733-2016

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ ȍ

5$% HT 5  5 ȍ

*HQHUDGRU GH WHQVLyQ o 9$% HT  9  5$% HT  ȍ

*HQHUDGRU GH LQWHQVLGDG o , $% HT $ 5$% HT  ȍ

P$ ȍ ȍ P$ 9

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 9 , ȍ

$ , ȍ 9

ȍ ȍ ȍ % ȍ

9$% 9  ,  $

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9'& \ OD

9$% 9  9'& 9  ,   $

ȍ $ ȍ ȍ $ ȍ

9$ 9  9% 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHVHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ 9&' 

9$% 9  9&' 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

ȍ $ ȍ ȍ

9 ,J ȍ ȍ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9$& \ OD

ȍ $ ȍ , ȍ

9$% 9  9$& 9  ,  $

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMH 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRU

9 9  , $

9$% 9  ,  $

9 ȍ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQ 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG ,  TXHFLUFXODSRU

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

 , $ 9[

9$% 9  ,   $ 

P9  ,E ,E  , 

$ ,[  ,[  9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$  9%  9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9  9% 9  9& 9  3 :

9 $ ȍ

9$ 9  9% 9  3 :

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 ȍ ȍ ȍ

5$% HT 5 5 ȍ

*HQHUDGRU GH WHQVLyQ o 9$% HT 9 5$% HT ȍ

*HQHUDGRU GH LQWHQVLGDG o , $% HT $ 5$% HT ȍ

P$ ȍ ȍ P$ 9

ȍ ȍ ȍ

9 9 , ȍ

$ , ȍ 9

ȍ ȍ ȍ % ȍ

9$% 9 , $

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9'& \ OD

9$% 9 9'& 9 , $

ȍ $ ȍ ȍ $ ȍ

9$ 9 9% 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHVHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ 9&'

9$% 9 9&' 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMHHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

ȍ $ ȍ ȍ

9 ,J ȍ ȍ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHVHQWUHORV SXQWRV 9$% \ 9$& \ OD

ȍ $ ȍ , ȍ

9$% 9 9$& 9 , $

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHHOYROWDMH 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRU

9 9 , $

9$% 9 , $

9 ȍ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQ 9 \ODLQWHQVLGDG , TXHFLUFXODSRU

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODWHQVLyQHQWUHORVSXQWRV 9$% \ODLQWHQVLGDG

, $ 9[

9$% 9 , $

P9 ,E ,E ,

$ ,[ ,[ 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORVYROWDMHV 9$ 9% 9& \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

$ $ % 9 &

9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9 3 :

9 $ ȍ

9$ 9 9% 9 3 :

9 $ ȍ

9$ 9 9% 9 3 :

9 $ ȍ

9$ 9 9% 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHORV YROWDMHV 9$ \ 9% \ODSRWHQFLDWRWDOGHO

9 $ ȍ

9$ 9 9% 9 3 :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , SRUHOPpWRGRGH

9 ȍ , 9

, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $ 9$ 9 9% 9

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , , , H , SRUHO

, $, $, $, $, $

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , SRUHOPpWRGRGH

, $ , $ , $ , D $ , E $ 9$ 9

9 , $ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , , H , SRUHOPpWRGR

, $ , $ , $ , $ 9$ 9 9% 9

9 , $ ȍ

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , , H , SRUHOPpWRGRGH

9& 9 9' 9 9( 9 3*, :

+DOODUHQHOFLUFXLWRGHODILJXUDVLJXLHQWHODVLQWHQVLGDGHV , D , E H , F SRUHOPpWRGRGH

9 ,E $ ,F ȍ

, D $ , E $ , F $ 9$ 9 9% 9 9& 9