Trabajo Evaluación de Impacto

 Medir el impacto que tiene haber utilizado los servicios del SPE sobre la
probabilidad de conseguir un empleo formal.

Primeramente se estima parsimoniosamente cada variable para determinar cuáles de ellas

son significativas y cuáles no, a través de un modelo probit.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(1) = 28.05
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -215.19536 Pseudo R2 = 0.0612

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0991423 .018867 5.15 0.000 2.9425 .062164 .136121

obs. P .26
pred. P .2446409 (at x-bar)

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

La variable nivel educativo (NIV_EST) es estadísticamente significativa, por tanto,

seguiremos estimando las demás variables e ir eliminando aquellas que no sean
significativas para nuestro modelo.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(2) = 32.63
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -212.9094 Pseudo R2 = 0.0712

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0981094 .0188908 5.09 0.000 2.9425 .061084 .135135

S_LAB* .1998987 .1009944 2.15 0.032 .065 .001953 .397844

obs. P .26
pred. P .2428625 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
La variable situación laboral desempleo (S_LAB), es significativa, por tanto, la
mantendremos para nuestra estimación.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(3) = 36.35
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -211.04836 Pseudo R2 = 0.0793

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0957988 .0189886 4.94 0.000 2.9425 .058582 .133016

S_LAB* .1943102 .100663 2.10 0.036 .065 -.002986 .391606
DIS_VIAJ* .0888196 .0469113 1.93 0.053 .355 -.003125 .180764

obs. P .26
pred. P .240762 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Observamos que la variable disponibilidad de viajar es significativa, al igual que las

variables anteriores, entonces, seguiremos incluyendo las demás variables.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 36.63
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -210.90858 Pseudo R2 = 0.0799

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0950648 .0190219 4.89 0.000 2.9425 .057783 .132347

S_LAB* .1907807 .1007106 2.06 0.039 .065 -.006609 .38817
DIS_VIAJ* .0659906 .0633132 1.06 0.289 .355 -.058101 .190082
DISP_T~S* .0341383 .0655341 0.53 0.597 .2925 -.094306 .162583

obs. P .26
pred. P .2405924 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
En este punto observamos que la variable disponibilidad de traslado no es significativa para
nuestro modelo, y que además altera a la variable disponibilidad de viajar, por tanto, la
eliminaremos.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 36.40
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -211.02042 Pseudo R2 = 0.0794

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0953812 .019067 4.90 0.000 2.9425 .058011 .132752

S_LAB* .1937011 .1006989 2.09 0.036 .065 -.003665 .391067
DIS_VIAJ* .0872412 .0473367 1.88 0.060 .355 -.005537 .180019
DISP_TEL* .0105397 .0446414 0.24 0.813 .435 -.076956 .098035

obs. P .26
pred. P .2406928 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Eliminamos la variable disponibilidad de teletrabajo, ya que no es significativa.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(4) = 36.48
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -210.98204 Pseudo R2 = 0.0796

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0951046 .0190805 4.88 0.000 2.9425 .057707 .132502

S_LAB* .1948638 .1005701 2.11 0.035 .065 -.00225 .391978
DIS_VIAJ* .0859594 .0475129 1.85 0.065 .355 -.007164 .179083
PROP_M~S* .0294403 .0827075 0.37 0.715 .0775 -.132663 .191544

obs. P .26
pred. P .2407402 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Al igual la variable propiedad de medio de transporte no es significativa, por cual es

necesario eliminarla.
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(4) = 36.55
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -210.94988 Pseudo R2 = 0.0797

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .095501 .0189839 4.93 0.000 2.9425 .058293 .132709

S_LAB* .1922753 .1004303 2.08 0.037 .065 -.004565 .389115
DIS_VIAJ* .0895049 .0469378 1.95 0.052 .355 -.002491 .181501
SEXO* -.01945 .0438319 -0.44 0.657 .515 -.105359 .066459

obs. P .26
pred. P .2405199 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 39.08
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.68225 Pseudo R2 = 0.0852

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0910964 .0191777 4.66 0.000 2.9425 .053509 .128684

S_LAB* .1652675 .1003974 1.79 0.074 .065 -.031508 .362043
DIS_VIAJ* .0909554 .0469632 1.98 0.048 .355 -.001091 .183002
EDAD -.0039787 .0024269 -1.64 0.102 30.25 -.008735 .000778

obs. P .26
pred. P .2393205 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Las variables sexo y edad, no son estadísticamente significativas.

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0925012 .0190013 4.77 0.000 2.9425 .055259 .129743

S_LAB* .186391 .10088 2.01 0.044 .065 -.01133 .384112
DIS_VIAJ* .0891171 .0468945 1.94 0.052 .355 -.002794 .181029
EST_CIV* .0839689 .0434879 1.91 0.056 .5325 -.001266 .169204

obs. P .26
pred. P .2387954 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Al incluir la variable soltero, vemos que si tiene significancia. Seguiremos estimando las
demás variables.
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(5) = 40.84
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -208.80056 Pseudo R2 = 0.0891

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0910438 .0190463 4.69 0.000 2.9425 .053714 .128374

S_LAB* .1807129 .1007539 1.95 0.051 .065 -.016761 .378187
DIS_VIAJ* .0864903 .046952 1.88 0.060 .355 -.005534 .178515
EST_CIV* .0767169 .0442739 1.72 0.086 .5325 -.010058 .163492
PER_AC~G* .0409682 .0447734 0.91 0.362 .5325 -.046786 .128722

obs. P .26
pred. P .2384426 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Número de personas a cargo no es relevante en nuestra estimación, por tanto, la

eliminaremos.
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 399
LR chi2(4) = 39.50
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -208.11973 Pseudo R2 = 0.0867

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0925393 .0189412 4.79 0.000 2.94236 .055415 .129663

S_LAB* .1886517 .1008785 2.04 0.041 .065163 -.009067 .38637
DIS_VIAJ* .0842367 .0468481 1.84 0.066 .353383 -.007584 .176057
EST_CIV* .0806385 .0434559 1.84 0.066 .531328 -.004533 .16581

obs. P .2581454
pred. P .237073 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

La nacionalidad es una variable que se comporta como constante, por lo que cual no
presenta relevancia y la eliminamos.

Las siguientes variables (discapacidad, víctima del conflicto, manejo de herramientas

ofimáticas, licencia de conducción, experiencia laboral en meses y la valoración del spe) no
son significativas, y procedemos a eliminarlas.
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(5) = 40.18
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.13317 Pseudo R2 = 0.0876

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0933474 .0191148 4.79 0.000 2.9425 .055883 .130812

S_LAB* .1900698 .1013788 2.04 0.041 .065 -.008629 .388769
DIS_VIAJ* .0895283 .0469262 1.95 0.051 .355 -.002445 .181502
EST_CIV* .0869312 .044067 1.95 0.051 .5325 .000562 .173301
DISC* .0194879 .0481349 0.41 0.684 .35 -.074855 .113831

obs. P .26
pred. P .23872 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(5) = 40.59
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -208.92549 Pseudo R2 = 0.0885

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0928346 .0189888 4.79 0.000 2.9425 .055617 .130052

S_LAB* .1941584 .1015957 2.08 0.037 .065 -.004966 .393282
DIS_VIAJ* .0906863 .0470173 1.97 0.049 .355 -.001466 .182838
EST_CIV* .0893443 .044012 2.01 0.045 .5325 .003082 .175606
V_CONF~C* .0357148 .0472658 0.76 0.446 .37 -.056925 .128354

obs. P .26
pred. P .2385901 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(5) = 40.07
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.19009 Pseudo R2 = 0.0874

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0916539 .0193283 4.65 0.000 2.9425 .053771 .129537

S_LAB* .1864687 .1009383 2.01 0.044 .065 -.011367 .384304
DIS_VIAJ* .0885741 .0469384 1.93 0.054 .355 -.003423 .180572
EST_CIV* .0824083 .044038 1.85 0.064 .5325 -.003905 .168721
MAN_HE~T .009392 .0407481 0.23 0.818 .825 -.070473 .089257

obs. P .26
pred. P .2387458 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(5) = 40.37
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.03883 Pseudo R2 = 0.0881

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0934981 .0190886 4.80 0.000 2.9425 .056085 .130911

S_LAB* .1820933 .1008981 1.97 0.049 .065 -.015663 .37985
DIS_VIAJ* .0899964 .0469646 1.96 0.050 .355 -.002052 .182045
EST_CIV* .0807909 .0438319 1.82 0.068 .5325 -.005118 .1667
L_COND* -.0293703 .0486238 -0.59 0.553 .27 -.124671 .065931

obs. P .26
pred. P .238604 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400
LR chi2(5) = 40.65
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -208.89882 Pseudo R2 = 0.0887

d dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

n_estu~o .0938254 .0190376 4.82 0.000 2.9425 .056512 .131138

desemp~o* .1962039 .1022981 2.09 0.037 .065 -.004297 .396705
viajar* .0888586 .0468169 1.94 0.053 .355 -.002901 .180618
soltero* .0986781 .0471166 2.06 0.039 .5325 .006331 .191025
exp_la~s .0002574 .0003218 0.80 0.424 54.1015 -.000373 .000888

obs. P .26
pred. P .2380654 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
Se construye un vector de las características observables X con las variables nivel de
estudio, desempleo, disponibilidad de viajar y soltero, tendremos:

. dprobit D $X

Iteration 0: log likelihood = -229.22277

Iteration 1: log likelihood = -209.44671
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -209.21622
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -209.21607

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

NIV_EST .0925012 .0190013 4.77 0.000 2.9425 .055259 .129743

S_LAB* .186391 .10088 2.01 0.044 .065 -.01133 .384112
DIS_VIAJ* .0891171 .0468945 1.94 0.052 .355 -.002794 .181029
EST_CIV* .0839689 .0434879 1.91 0.056 .5325 -.001266 .169204

obs. P .26
pred. P .2387954 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
Predecir la probabilidad para los individuos de ambos grupos.

Histograma pscore (tratamiento y control).

0 1
10
D e n s ity
5
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Pr(d)
Graphs by D

Histograma pscore para el grupo de tratamiento.

30 20
Density
10
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Pr(d)

Density
kdensity pscore
Densidad kernel estimada (tratamiento)

Kernel density estimate

3
2
Density
1
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Pr(d)
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0477

Histograma pscore para el grupo de control

20
15
Density
10 5
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Pr(d)

Density
kdensity pscore
Densidad estimada kernell (control)

Kernel density estimate

3
2
Density
1
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Pr(d)
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0378

Propensity score (tratamiento y control)

Propensity Score
3
D e n s id a d
1
02

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Probabilidad de ser tratado

Participante=1 No participante=0
Restringir la muestra al soporte común

Máximo y mínimo

Por medio del método máximo y mínimo restringiremos la muestra al soporte común, de
esta forma buscaremos el máximo para el grupo de control y el mínimo del tratamiento.

Encontramos la máxima probabilidad predicha para el grupo de control.

. sum pscore_sc if D==0

Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

pscore_sc 296 .2345763 .1311017 .0583329 .66514

. scalar max_control=r(max)

Encontramos la mínima probabilidad predicha para el grupo de tratamiento.

. sum pscore_sc if D==1

Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

pscore_sc 104 .3305357 .1342397 .101944 .66514

. scalar min_D=r(min)

Se observa que la probabilidad máxima para el grupo de control es 0.66514 es decir que no
serán tenidas en cuenta las probabilidades que superen esta probabilidad máxima. Y la
probabilidad mínima para el grupo de tratamiento es de 0.101944. es decir que no se
tendrán en cuenta las probabilidades mínimas que superen este valor. Ahora miramos a
cuantas observaciones podemos imponer esta restricción.
. count if pscore!=.&pscore_sc==.
47
Gráficamente después de aplicar esta restricción tenemos:

Histograma pscore

0 1
10
Density
5
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 0 .2 .4 .6 .8
pscore_sc
Graphs by D

Histograma pscore para el grupo de tratamiento.

30
20
Density
10
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
pscore_sc

Density
kdensity pscore_sc
Densidad estimada kernel

3
2
Kernel density estimate
Density
1
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
pscore_sc
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0477

Histograma pscore para el grupo de control.

25
20
15
Density
10 5
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
pscore_sc

Density
kdensity pscore_sc
Densidad estimada kernel (control).

3
2
Kernel density estimate
Density
1
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
pscore_sc
kernel = epanechnikov, bandwidth = 0.0412

Propensity score con soporte común.

Propensity Score con Soporte Com �n

3
2
Densidad
1
0

0 .2 .4 .6 .8
Probabilidad de ser tratado

Participante=1 No participante=0
Calidad de emparejamiento.

Para verificar la calidad del emparejamiento utilizaremos el comando ‘pscore’ este

comando determina la probabilidad de participación para cada individuo de acuerdo con el
modelo especificado. Luego se dividen las observaciones en un numero óptimo de bloques
de manera que la probabilidad media del grupo de control no es estadísticamente diferente
de la probabilidad media del grupo de tratamiento.
. pscore D $X, pscore(pscore_b) blockid(id) comsup det

****************************************************
Algorithm to estimate the propensity score
****************************************************

The treatment is D

D Freq. Percent Cum.

0 296 74.00 74.00

1 104 26.00 100.00

Total 400 100.00

Estimación del propensity score

Estimation of the propensity score

Iteration 0: log likelihood = -229.22277

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(0) = -0.00
Prob > chi2 = .
Log likelihood = -229.22277 Pseudo R2 = -0.0000

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

_cons -.6433454 .0676143 -9.51 0.000 -.7758669 -.5108239

Descripción de la estimación del propensity score en la región de soporte común.
Description of the estimated propensity score
in region of common support

Estimated propensity score

Percentiles Smallest
1% .26 .26
5% .26 .26
10% .26 .26 Obs 1,363
25% .26 .26 Sum of Wgt. 1,363

50% .26 Mean .26

Largest Std. Dev. 0
75% .26 .26
90% .26 .26 Variance 0
95% .26 .26 Skewness .
99% .26 .26 Kurtosis .

Distribución del tratamiento y control por bloques:

Distribution of treated and controls across blocks

Blocks of
the pscore
for
treatment D
D 0 1 Total

2 296 104 400

Total 296 104 400

Bloque 2:
Test for block 2

Two-sample t test with equal variances

Group Obs Mean Std. Err. Std. Dev. [95% Conf. Interval]

0 296 .26 0 0 .26 .26

1 104 .26 0 0 .26 .26

combined 400 .26 0 0 .26 .26

diff 0 0 0 0

diff = mean(0) - mean(1) t = .

Ho: diff = 0 degrees of freedom = 398

Ha: diff < 0 Ha: diff != 0 Ha: diff > 0

Pr(T < t) = . Pr(|T| > |t|) = . Pr(T > t) = .

The mean propensity score is not different for

treated and controls in block 2

Los bloques 1, 3, 4 y 5 no tienen observaciones.

Probit con pscore.

. dprobit D pscore $X

Iteration 0: log likelihood = -229.22277

Iteration 1: log likelihood = -209.16293
Iteration 2: log likelihood = -208.45505
Iteration 3: log likelihood = -208.44352
Iteration 4: log likelihood = -208.44351

Probit regression, reporting marginal effects Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(5) = 41.56
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -208.44351 Pseudo R2 = 0.0907

D dF/dx Std. Err. z P>|z| x-bar [ 95% C.I. ]

pscore -1.523799 1.241861 -1.21 0.226 .259526 -3.9578 .910203

NIV_EST .2334167 .1170979 1.95 0.052 2.9425 .003909 .462924
S_LAB* .526086 .2597986 1.80 0.071 .065 .01689 1.03528
DIS_VIAJ* .232656 .1293528 1.83 0.067 .355 -.020871 .486183
EST_CIV* .2070945 .1070553 1.83 0.067 .5325 -.00273 .416919

obs. P .26
pred. P .2332112 (at x-bar)

(*) dF/dx is for discrete change of dummy variable from 0 to 1

z and P>|z| correspond to the test of the underlying coefficient being 0
Diferencia entre el soporte común calculado manualmente y el estimado por pscore.

Tabla 1.4.7
. sum pscore_sc

Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

pscore_sc 353 .283519 .1293274 .101944 .66514

. sum pscore_b

Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

pscore_b 400 .2595257 .1383315 .0583329 .66514

Algoritmo de emparejamiento.

´Para el algoritmo de emparejamiento utilizaremos el comando “psmatch2”

Vecino más cercano con soporte común de máximo y mínimo

. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) n(1) com

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .538461538 .403846154 .134615385 .139791871 0.96

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2:
psmatch2: Common
Treatment support
assignment On suppor Total

Untreated 296 296

Treated 104 104

Total 400 400

Bootstrap replications (50)
1 2 3 4 5
.................................................. 50

Bootstrap results Number of obs = 400

Replications = 50

command: psmatch2 D NIV_EST S_LAB DIS_VIAJ EST_CIV, out(es_formal) n(1) com

_bs_1: r(att)

Observed Bootstrap Normal-based

Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

_bs_1 .1346154 .1500389 0.90 0.370 -.1594554 .4286861

5 vecinos con soporte común con máximo y mínimo
. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) n(5) com

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .538461538 .45 .088461538 .080831837 1.09

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2:
psmatch2: Common
Treatment support
assignment On suppor Total

Untreated 296 296

Treated 104 104

Total 400 400

Soporte común mediante trimming (10)

. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) n(1) trim(10)

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .553191489 .414893617 .138297872 .15267142 0.91

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2: psmatch2: Common

Treatment support
assignment Off suppo On suppor Total

Untreated 0 296 296

Treated 10 94 104

Total 10 390 400

. bootstrap r(att) : psmatch2 D $X, out(es_formal) n(1) trim(10)

(running psmatch2 on estimation sample)

Bootstrap replications (50)

1 2 3 4 5
.................................................. 50

Bootstrap results Number of obs = 400

Replications = 50

command: psmatch2 D NIV_EST S_LAB DIS_VIAJ EST_CIV, out(es_formal) n(1) trim(10)

_bs_1: r(att)

Observed Bootstrap Normal-based

Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

_bs_1 .1382979 .1296812 1.07 0.286 -.1158726 .3924683

Emparejamiento de distancia máxima (k=0,001) con soporte común

. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) radius caliper(0.001) com

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .540816327 .390440181 .150376145 .067217837 2.24

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2: psmatch2: Common

Treatment support
assignment Off suppo On suppor Total

Untreated 0 296 296

Treated 6 98 104

Total 6 394 400

Distancia máxima (k=0,001) con soporte común trimming (20)

. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) radius caliper(0.001) trim(20)

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .550561798 .39902402 .151537778 .069416009 2.18

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2: psmatch2: Common

Treatment support
assignment Off suppo On suppor Total

Untreated 0 296 296

Treated 15 89 104

Total 15 385 400

Emparejamiento con soporte común kernel
. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) com kernel

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .538461538 .406957514 .131504024 .061414368 2.14

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2:
psmatch2: Common
Treatment support
assignment On suppor Total

Untreated 296 296

Treated 104 104

Total 400 400

. bootstrap r(att) : psmatch2 D $X, out(es_formal) com kernel

(running psmatch2 on estimation sample)

Bootstrap replications (50)

1 2 3 4 5
.................................................. 50

Bootstrap results Number of obs = 400

Replications = 50

command: psmatch2 D NIV_EST S_LAB DIS_VIAJ EST_CIV, out(es_formal) com kernel

_bs_1: r(att)

Observed Bootstrap Normal-based

Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

_bs_1 .131504 .058428 2.25 0.024 .0169872 .2460208

Emparejamiento por kernel trimming (20)
. psmatch2 D $X, outcome(es_formal) trim(20) kernel

Probit regression Number of obs = 400

LR chi2(4) = 40.01
Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -209.21607 Pseudo R2 = 0.0873

D Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

NIV_EST .2983717 .0625298 4.77 0.000 .1758156 .4209279

S_LAB .5289873 .2628217 2.01 0.044 .0138662 1.044108
DIS_VIAJ .2800199 .1443324 1.94 0.052 -.0028664 .5629061
EST_CIV .2729818 .1430188 1.91 0.056 -.0073299 .5532935
_cons -1.867295 .2283164 -8.18 0.000 -2.314787 -1.419804

Variable Sample Treated Controls Difference S.E. T-stat

es_formal Unmatched .538461538 .385135135 .153326403 .055966415 2.74

ATT .550561798 .423923711 .126638087 .064089084 1.98

Note: S.E. does not take into account that the propensity score is estimated.

psmatch2: psmatch2: Common

Treatment support
assignment Off suppo On suppor Total

Untreated 0 296 296

Treated 15 89 104

Total 15 385 400

. bootstrap r(att) : psmatch2 D $X, out(es_formal) trim(20) kernel
(running psmatch2 on estimation sample)

Bootstrap replications (50)

1 2 3 4 5
.................................................. 50

Bootstrap results Number of obs = 400

Replications = 50

command: psmatch2 D NIV_EST S_LAB DIS_VIAJ EST_CIV, out(es_formal) trim(20)

kernel
_bs_1: r(att)

Observed Bootstrap Normal-based

Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

_bs_1 .1266381 .0745776 1.70 0.089 -.0195314 .2728076

DOBLES FIFERENCIAS EMPAREJADAS

IMPACTO GENERAL

ALGORITMO IMPACTO B
EMPAREJAMIENTO
VECINO MAS CERCANO (1) 0,134615385 0.370
(5)VECINOS MAS 0,88461538 0.186
CERCANOS
(1)VECINO CON 0,138297872 0.286***
TRIMMING(10)
DISTANCIA MAXIMA 0,150376145 0.038***
(0,001)
DISTANCIA MAXIMA 0,151527778 0.046***
(0,001) CON TRIMMING(20)
KERNEL 0,131504024 0.024***
KERNEL CON TRIMMING 0,126638087 0.089***
(20)
*:P<0.10 **:P<0.05 ***:P<0.01