pag 1

CALCULO DE PRIMER PAR DE ENGRANAJES

ENGRANAJES CONICOS
Datos.-
Potencia de entrada N1 := 142.7kW

Velocidad de entrada n1 := 1420rpm

Relacion de transmision i1 := 2.2

Horas de trabajo H1 := 10000hr

Acero mejorado aleado kgf

Material a usar DB1 := 420
34Cr4 2
mm
Angulo de inclinacion δ := 90º

Angulo de los dientes α := 20º

Cálculo del par engranaje:

Momento Torsor

N1
Mt1 = 97400 ⋅ Mt1 = 9788.298 kgf ⋅ cm
n1

Número de Golpes del Piñón:

60 ⋅ n1 ⋅ H1
W1 = W 1 = 852 MG
6
10

Presión de Rodadura
2
32  DB1  kgf
k1 = ⋅  k 1 = 59.544
1  100  cm
2
3
W1

Dimensionamiento del Par

Dimensionamiento del piñón:

Calculo del angulo δ1

1
δ1 := atan   δ1 = 24.444 º
 i1 
Formula general

2
6.25 ⋅ Mt1 1 + i1
3
rel := ⋅ rel = 1128.588 cm
k1 2
i1
 pag 2

Numero de dientes del piñon

z1 := 20 A := 8

3
rel
ms1 := ms1 = 7.971 mm
( ( ))
A ⋅ z1 − A ⋅ sin δ1
2

Normalizando del modulo segunsegún DIN 780 ms1 := 8 ⋅ mm

b1 := A ⋅ ms1 b1 = 64 mm

(
dm1 := ms1 ⋅ z1 − A ⋅ sin δ1 ( )) dm1 = 133.517 mm

2 3
Sobredimensionamiento: b1 ⋅ dm1 = 1140.908 cm

Prueba para el sobre dimensionamiento

2
b1 ⋅ dm1 − rel
SD := SD = 1.092 %
rel

1.092 ≤ 10% Cumple!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Prueba del ancho del engranaje

do1 := z1 ⋅ ms1
do1 = 160 mm

do1
Ra :=
( )
2 ⋅ sin δ1 Ra = 193.329 mm

Ra
b1 = 64 mm = 64.443 mm
3

Ra
b1 ≤
3

64 ≤ 64.443 Cumple!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 pag 3

Descripcion del engranaje Piñon

Ancho del diente b := A ⋅ ms1 b = 64 mm

Diametro primitivo do1 := z1 ⋅ ms1 do1 = 160 mm

Diametro medio ( )
dm1 := do1 − b ⋅ sin δ1 dm1 = 133.517 mm

Diametro de cabeza (
dk1 := ms1 ⋅ z1 + 2 ⋅ cos δ1( )) dk1 = 174.566 mm

Diametro de pie ( ( ))
df1 := ms1 ⋅ z1 − 2.4 ⋅ cos δ1 df1 = 142.521 mm

Diametro interno ( )
di1 := ms1 ⋅ z1 − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ sin δ1 di1 = 107.033 mm

Altura del diente h := 2.167 ⋅ ms1 h = 17.336 mm

Altura de cabeza hk := ms1 hk = 8 mm

Altura de pie hf := 1.2ms1 hf = 9.6 mm

 pag 4

Dimensionamiento de la Rueda:

Calculo del angulo δ2

( )
δ2 := atan i1 δ2 = 65.556 º

Numero de dientes
z2 := i1 ⋅ z1 z2 = 44

Velocidad a la salida del par

n1
n2 := n2 = 645.455 rpm
i1

Descripcion del engranaje Rueda

Ancho del diente b := A ⋅ ms1 b = 64 mm

Diametro primitivo do2 := z2 ⋅ ms1 do2 = 352 mm

Diametro medio ( )
dm2 := do2 − b ⋅ sin δ2 dm2 = 293.737 mm

Diametro de cabeza (
dk2 := ms1 ⋅ z2 + 2 ⋅ cos δ2( )) dk2 = 358.621 mm

Diametro de pie ( ( ))
df2 := ms1 ⋅ z2 − 2.4 ⋅ cos δ2 df2 = 344.055 mm

Diametro interno ( )
di2 := ms1 ⋅ z2 − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ sin δ2 di2 = 235.473 mm

Altura del diente h := 2.167 ⋅ ms1 h = 17.336 mm

Altura de cabeza hk := ms1 hk = 8 mm

Altura de pie hf := 1.2ms1 hf = 9.6 mm

 ms1 
ángulo con el cuál se va a fijar el cabezal con la fresadora γ := atan  γ = 2.37 º
 Ra 
ángulo de inclinación del diente. β := δ − γ β = 87.63 º
 pag 5

Rendimiento en la transmisión:

Volumen de la rueda

( ( ))
⋅ b1 ⋅ cos δ2 ⋅  do2 + do2 ⋅ di2 + di2
2
π 2 3
V2 := V2 = 1818184.597 mm
12  
Peso de rueda
− 6 kgf
γac := 7.85 ⋅ 10
3
mm

G2 := γac ⋅ V2 G2 = 14.273 kgf

2
1 G2  dm2  2
IG2 := ⋅ ⋅  IG2 = 0.016 kgf ⋅ m ⋅ s
2 g  2 

Velocidad angular
π 1
ωo = n2 ⋅ ωo = 67.592
30 s

Aceleracion angular t := 5s
ωo
−2
αo := αo = 13.518 s
t

Momento de giro

MG := IG2 ⋅ αo MG = 21.22 kgf ⋅ cm

Potencia perdida
NG := MG ⋅ ωo NG = 0.141 kW

Potencia de salida

N2 := N1 − NG N2 = 142.559 kW

Rendimiento de par de engranajes inclinado

N2
η1 := − 2% η1 = 97.901 %
N1
 pag 6

Fuerzas de engrane de piñon:

Fuerza tangencial

2Mt1
U1 := U1 = 1466.229 kgf
dm1

Fuerza axial

A1 := U1 ⋅ tan ( α) ⋅ sin δ1 ( ) A1 = 220.832 kgf

Fuerza radial

R1 := U1 ⋅ tan ( α) ⋅ cos δ1 ( ) R1 = 485.83 kgf

Fuerzas de engrane

2 2 2
F1 := U1 + A1 + R1 F1 = 1560.329 kgf

Fuerzas de engrane de la rueda:

Fuerza tangencial

2Mt1
U2 := U2 = 666.468 kgf
dm2

Fuerza axial

A2 := U2 ⋅ tan ( α) ⋅ sin δ2 ( ) A2 = 220.832 kgf

Fuerza radial

R2 := U2 ⋅ tan ( α) ⋅ cos δ2 ( ) R2 = 100.378 kgf

Fuerzas de engrane

2 2 2
F2 := U2 + A2 + R2 F2 = 709.24 kgf
 pag 7

Calculos del primer eje.

Propiedades de acero St-50

N N
σbadm := 60 τtadm := 40 ⋅
2 2
mm mm

Ancho de los cojinetes

B := 30mm B
2
j := 0.05 ⋅ dm1 + 10mm j := 24mm
A
( )
b 1
C := j + ⋅ cos δ1 C := 55mm
2

Longitud del eje

( )
B b
L := 3C + + ⋅ cos δ1 L := 205mm
2 2
A1 U1

Dimensionamiento del EJE 1 Dado R1

Plano XZ

Calculo de las reacciones del eje 1

1 2

R1 Fax Fbx

A1
Momentos en B

dm1
−R1 ⋅ 3C − A1 ⋅ + FAx ⋅ 2C = 0
2

Sumatoria de Fuerzas

−FBx + FAx − R1 = 0

FAx = 8460.842 N FBx = 3696.481 N

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Plano YZ Dado

1 2

Fay Fby
U1
Momentos en B
U1 ⋅ 3C − FAy ⋅ 2C = 0
Sumatoria de Fuerzas
FBy − FAy + U1 = 0

FAy = 21568.195 N FBy = 7189.398 N

Momentos flectores

dm1
 B
M1x := −R1 ⋅  C −  − A 1 ⋅ M1x = −335147.484 N ⋅ mm
 2 2

M2x := −FBx ⋅ C M2x = −203306.451 N ⋅ mm

 B
M1y := U1 ⋅  C −  M1y = 575151.879 N ⋅ mm
 2

M2y := FBy ⋅ C M2y = 395416.917 N mm

Momentos resultantes

2 2
M1 := M1x + M1y M1 = 665675.236 N ⋅ mm

2 2
M2 := M2x + M2y M2 = 444621.244 N mm

Calculo de los diametros

3
32 M1
d1 := ⋅ d1 = 48.347 mm
π σbadm

3
32 M2
d2 := ⋅ d2 = 42.262 mm
π σbadm

3
16 ⋅ Mt1
de := de = 49.626 mm
π ⋅ τtadm
 pag 9

Normalizando diametros

d1 := 50mm d2 := 60mm de := 55mm

Esfuerzo a la Flexión

32 M1 N
σb1 := ⋅ σb1 = 54.244
π 3 2
d1 mm

32 M2 N
σb2 := ⋅ σb2 = 20.967
π 3 2
d2 mm

Esfuerzo a la Torsión

16 Mt1 N
τt1 := ⋅ τt1 = 39.11
π 3 2
d1 mm

16 Mt1 N
τt2 := ⋅ τt2 = 22.633
π 3 2
d2 mm

Esfuerzo longitudinal
4 ⋅ A1 N
σ1 := σ1 = 1.103
2 2
π ⋅ d1 mm

4 ⋅ A1 N
σ2 := σ2 = 0.766
2 2
π ⋅ d2 mm

Esfuerzo Comparativo αo := 0.4

2 2 2 N
σo1 := σb1 + σ1 σv1 := σo1 + 3 ⋅ αo ⋅ τt1 σv1 = 61.624
2
mm
51.936 ≤ 60 Cumple!!!!!!!!!!

2 2 2 N
σo2 := σb2 + σ2 σv2 := σo2 + 3 ⋅ αo ⋅ τt2 σv2 = 26.799
2
mm

24.249 ≤ 60 Cumple!!!!!!!!!!
 pag 10

Calculo a la fatiga PUNTO 1

σw ⋅ b0
σG1 = ≤ k ⋅ σw
βkb1 ⋅ ( 1 − R)

αkb
βkb1 =
1+ ρ ⋅ χ1

2
χ1 =
d1

de la figura 189
N
b0 := 0.98 σbadm = 60
2
mm
de la figura 193, d) forma B

αkb1 := 3.2

de la tabla 73
N
ρ := 0.08mm σw := 230
2
mm
el factor de reposo
R := 0.5

2 1
χ1 := χ1 = 0.04
d1 mm

αkb1
βkb1 := βkb1 = 3.03
1+ ρ ⋅ χ1

 σw ⋅ b0 
σG1 := 
N
σG1 = 148.84
 βkb1 ⋅ ( 1 − R)  mm
2

k := 2.1
N
k ⋅ σw = 483
2
mm

148.84 ≤ 483 Cumple!!!!!!!!!!

seguridad contra la rotura a la fatiga

σG1
SD1 := SD1 = 2.415
σv1

2.415 ≥ 1.7 Cumple!!!!!!!!

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Calculo a la fatiga PUNTO 2

σw ⋅ b0
σG2 = ≤ k ⋅ σw
βkb2 ⋅ ( 1 − R)

αkb
βkb2 =
1+ ρ ⋅ χ2

de la figura 189
N
b0 := 0.98 σbadm = 60
2
mm
de la figura 193, a)
αkb2 := 3.5
de la tabla 73
N
ρ := 0.08mm σw := 230
2
mm
el factor de reposo
R := 0.5

2 1
χ2 := χ2 = 0.033
d2 mm

αkb1
βkb2 := βkb2 = 3.04
1+ ρ ⋅ χ2

 σw ⋅ b0 
σG2 := 
N
σG2 = 148.84
 βkb1 ⋅ ( 1 − R)  mm
2

k := 2.1

N
k ⋅ σw = 483
2
mm

148.84 ≤ 483
Cumple!!!!!!!!!!
seguridad contra la rotura a la fatiga

σG2
SD2 := SD2 = 5.554
σv2

5.554 ≥ 1.7 Cumple!!!!!!!!!!

 pag 12

Calculos de los rodamientos

FBy1
n := 1420rpm
B
dA := 55mm FAx1
dB := 55mm FBx1
A
FAx1 := 8460.842N

FAy1
FAy1 := 21568.195N

FBx1 := 3696.481N
A1 U1
FBy1 := 7189.398N

A1 = 2165.619 N

Calculo para el rodamiento PUNTO A

Fuerza radial
2 2
Fr := FAx1 + FAy1 Fr = 23168.36 N

Fuerza axial
Fax := A1 Fax = 2165.619 N

Segun catalogo de rodamientos:

CATalog by SNR : Cátalogo de Rodamientos Estandares 1.1

Calculo para el rodamiento PUNTO B

Fuerza radial
2 2
Fr := FBx1 + FBy1 Fr = 8084.022 N

Fuerza axial
Fax := 100N Fax = 100 N

Segun catalogo de rodamientos:

CATalog by SNR : Cátalogo de Rodamientos Estandares 1.1

 pag 13

1 º := deg
rpm := MG := 1
min

30 N1 ⋅ rpm
Mt1 := ⋅ 102 ⋅ 100 ⋅ ⋅ kgf ⋅ cm
π n1 ⋅ kW

n1 ⋅ H1
W 1 :=
6
10

2
 mm 
2
DB1 ⋅
32  kgf  kgf
k1 := ⋅  ⋅ 2
1  100  cm
3
W1

180º − δ1 = 155.556 º
 pag 14

ωo := 2 ⋅ π n2
 pag 15

FAx := 1N FBx := 1N

 FAx 
:= Find ( FAx , FBx)
 FBx 
 
 pag 16

FAy := 1N FBy := 1N

 FAy 
:= Find ( FAy , FBy)
 FBy 
 
pag 17