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Orejas de Izaje ASME DIN
Orejas de Izaje ASME DIN
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s2 (mm) A ser calculado como se especifica en subclase 5.4 Inspector QA/QC FLSmidth
Tabla 2: Cantidades, simbolos y unidades
Simbolo Valor Cantidad
n 2 Numero de orejas uniformemente cargadas
a1 (mm) #ADDIN? Espesor de garganta entre la oreja y la placa de refuerzo
a2 (mm) #ADDIN? Espesor de garganta entre el casco y la placa de refuerzo
S1 (mm) 15 Espesor de la oreja
S2 (mm) #ADDIN? Espesor de la plancha de refuerzo
So (mm) #ADDIN? Espesor del casco con reducciones (So=Se-C1-C2)
KVu (N/mm2) 275 Parametro de esfuerzo de placa de refuerzo
KBu (N/mm2) 275 Parametro de esfuerzo de tanque
A 76 Valor intermedio
f #ADDIN? Factor de correccion de carga
U #ADDIN? Valor intermedio
W 1 Factor de incremento de carga
Tabla 3: Maxima carga de trabajo segura de grilletes, F, de acuerdo con DIN 82016 o DIN 82101
tamaño de oreja 1 2 3 4 5
tamaño de grillete 5 5 10 16 25
FS, en N 50000 50000 100000 160000 250000
Tabla 4: Maxima carga segura de trabajo, FG para diferentes orden de las orejas
Tamaño nominal de orejas
Angulo a Maxima carga segura de trabajo, en N, a 20°C con KL=240N/mm2
1 2 3 4 5
fig. 2 19000 77000 131000 218000 332000
fig. 3 38000 154000 262000 436000 664000
0 to 15 ° 36000 149000 254000 422000 642000
Over 15 ° up to 30 ° 33000 133000 227000 379000 576000
Over 30 ° up to 45 ° 27000 108000 185000 310000 470000
Over 45 up to 60 ° 19000 77000 131000 218000 332000
0 to 15 ° 55000 223000 380000 633000 962000
Over 15 ° up to 30 ° 50000 199000 341000 567000 863000
Over 30 up to 45 ° 40000 163000 278000 464000 704000
Over 45 up to 60 ° 29000 115000 197000 328000 499000
cf. Figura Cant.Orejas Orden de las orejas
2 1 Oreja Simple (cf. figura 2)
3 2 Dos orejas con las cabezas cruzadas (cf. figura 3)
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34 f #ADDIN?
35 (10) FB= f*So^2*KBu/g N #ADDIN?
36 (11) FLe<= FB/W #ADDIN?
f 10.00
1.00
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
U
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2-2.1 Categoría de Diseño A: cuando la magnitud y la variación de las cargas aplicadas son predecibles, donde la carga y condiciones ambientales se definen con precisión o no grave.
2-2.2 Categoría de Diseño B: cuando la magnitud y la variación de las cargas aplicadas no son predecibles, las condiciones de carga y del medio ambiente son graves, o no se define con
precisión.
3.00 para los estados límite de fluencia o pandeo,
3.60 para los estados límite de fractura y para el diseño de conexión. Elaborado por: Luis Enrique Aguilar Montoya
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35 in 0.188
36 check_garganta = Pierna filete*0.707 >=garganta_3-3 Cumple
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2-2.1 Categoría de Diseño A: cuando la magnitud y la variación de las cargas aplicadas son predecibles, donde la carga y condiciones ambientales se definen con precisión o no grave.
2-2.2 Categoría de Diseño B: cuando la magnitud y la variación de las cargas aplicadas no son predecibles, las condiciones de carga y del medio ambiente son graves, o no se define con
precisión.
3.00 para los estados límite de fluencia o pandeo,
3.60 para los estados límite de fractura y para el diseño de conexión. Elaborado por: Luis Enrique Aguilar Montoya
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35 in 0.125
36 check_garganta = Pierna filete*0.707 >=garganta_3-3 Cumple
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1 Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation
Sample Calculation
Thickness of Lug (t) = 20 mm
Width of Lug (W) = 200 mm
Radius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
Diameter of Hole ( Dh) = 60 mm
Diameter of Pin ( Dp) = 57 mm
Distance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mm
Area of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000
Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =
Temperature (T) = 15 oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c) = (60 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(m)
For -140 < T < 150
K1c = 63 oC
By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPa
Effective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131
Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd = 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
Where, d= a / (Dh / 2 + a)
d= 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
63 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
Load ( P) = 812 kN
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 30 66 0.032 3.157 1492
1.5 31.5 30 66 0.048 3.059 1257
2 32 30 66 0.063 2.97 1121
2.5 32.5 30 66 0.077 2.89 1031
3 33 30 66 0.091 2.812 967
3.5 33.5 30 66 0.104 2.743 918
4 34 30 66 0.118 2.67 882
5 35 30 66 0.143 2.546 827
5.8 35.8 30 66 0.162 2.457 796
7 37 30 66 0.189 2.337 762
8 38 30 66 0.211 2.246 741
9 39 30 66 0.231 2.167 725
10 40 30 66 0.25 2.096 711
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 15 63 0.032 3.157 1424
1.5 31.5 15 63 0.048 3.059 1200
2 32 15 63 0.063 2.97 1070
2.5 32.5 15 63 0.077 2.89 984
3 33 15 63 0.091 2.812 923
3.5 33.5 15 63 0.104 2.743 876
4 34 15 63 0.118 2.67 842
4.5 34.5 15 63 0.13 2.61 812
6 36 15 63 0.167 2.434 754
7 37 15 63 0.189 2.337 727
8 38 15 63 0.211 2.246 708
9 39 15 63 0.231 2.167 692
10 40 15 63 0.25 2.096 678
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 0 60 0.032 3.157 1356
1.5 31.5 0 60 0.048 3.059 1143
2 32 0 60 0.063 2.97 1019
2.5 32.5 0 60 0.077 2.89 937
3 33 0 60 0.091 2.812 879
3.5 33.5 0 60 0.104 2.743 834
3.7 33.7 0 60 0.11 2.711 821
5 35 0 60 0.143 2.546 752
6 36 0 60 0.167 2.434 718
7 37 0 60 0.189 2.337 693
8 38 0 60 0.211 2.246 674
9 39 0 60 0.231 2.167 659
10 40 0 60 0.25 2.096 646
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 -15 57 0.032 3.157 1289
1.5 31.5 -15 57 0.048 3.059 1086
2 32 -15 57 0.063 2.97 968
2.5 32.5 -15 57 0.077 2.89 890
3 33 -15 57 0.091 2.812 835
3.1 33.1 -15 57 0.094 2.796 826
4 34 -15 57 0.118 2.67 762
5 35 -15 57 0.143 2.546 715
6 36 -15 57 0.167 2.434 682
7 37 -15 57 0.189 2.337 658
8 38 -15 57 0.211 2.246 640
9 39 -15 57 0.231 2.167 626
10 40 -15 57 0.25 2.096 614
Crack
Length (a)
100
mm
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
100
mm
mm2
Both side of Hole 60 mm
Dia. hole
200
35 mm mm
mm
814 kN
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN)
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) Crack Le
601 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1600
510 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1400
Load (kN)
458 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
424 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1200
401 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
383 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
371 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 800
354 130 807 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
600
344 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture
336 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
332 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
330 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
329 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
0
0 2
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Crack L
Stress in Effective (kN) 1600
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 1400
Load (kN)
573 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
487 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1200
437 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
405 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
383 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 800
366 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
600
354 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
327 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
200
321 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
317 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
315 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN)
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild Crack L
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 1600
546 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1400
Load (kN)
463 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
416 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1200
386 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
364 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
349 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 800
344 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture
600
321 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
312 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
305 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
200
302 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
300 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
299 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
1400
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s)
1200
Load (kN)
519 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
440 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
396 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
366 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 800
346 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
343 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
321 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
400
305 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
290 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
287 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
285 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
284 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
1400
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s)
1200
Load (kN)
491 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
417 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
375 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
347 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 800
343 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
304 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
400
289 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
281 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
275 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
272 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
270 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
269 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild 1400
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s)
1200
Load (kN)
464 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
394 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
1000
354 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
345 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture 800
310 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
287 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
400
273 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
265 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
260 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
255 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
254 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
1600
1400
Load (kN)
1200
400
200
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1400
Load (kN)
1200
Crac
1000 Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
1600
Theory
1400
Load (kN)
200
0
0 2 4
200
0
0 2 4
1400
Load (kN)
1200
400
200
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1200
Load (kN)
1000
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
800 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
600 Theory
400
200
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
1400
1200
Load (kN)
1000
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
800 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
600 Theory
400
200
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1200
Load (kN)
1000
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
800 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
600 Theory
400
200
0
0 2 4 a (mm)
6 8 10 12
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
1600
1400
Load (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree
Celcius
1200
Temp = 15 Degree
1000 Celcius
By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPa
Effective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131
Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p . a)
Fd = 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
Where, d= a / (Dh / 2 + a)
d= 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p . a)
43 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
Load ( P) = 554 kN
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 30 46 0.032 3.157 1040
1.5 31.5 30 46 0.048 3.059 876
2 32 30 46 0.063 2.97 782
2.5 32.5 30 46 0.077 2.89 718
3 33 30 46 0.091 2.812 674
3.5 33.5 30 46 0.104 2.743 640
4 34 30 46 0.118 2.67 615
5 35 30 46 0.143 2.546 577
5.8 35.8 30 46 0.162 2.457 555
7 37 30 46 0.189 2.337 531
8 38 30 46 0.211 2.246 517
9 39 30 46 0.231 2.167 505
10 40 30 46 0.25 2.096 495
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 15 43 0.032 3.157 972
1.5 31.5 15 43 0.048 3.059 819
2 32 15 43 0.063 2.97 731
2.5 32.5 15 43 0.077 2.89 672
3 33 15 43 0.091 2.812 630
3.5 33.5 15 43 0.104 2.743 598
4 34 15 43 0.118 2.67 575
4.5 34.5 15 43 0.13 2.61 554
6 36 15 43 0.167 2.434 515
7 37 15 43 0.189 2.337 496
8 38 15 43 0.211 2.246 483
9 39 15 43 0.231 2.167 472
10 40 15 43 0.25 2.096 463
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 0 40 0.032 3.157 904
1.5 31.5 0 40 0.048 3.059 762
2 32 0 40 0.063 2.97 680
2.5 32.5 0 40 0.077 2.89 625
3 33 0 40 0.091 2.812 586
3.5 33.5 0 40 0.104 2.743 556
3.7 33.7 0 40 0.11 2.711 547
5 35 0 40 0.143 2.546 501
6 36 0 40 0.167 2.434 479
7 37 0 40 0.189 2.337 462
8 38 0 40 0.211 2.246 449
9 39 0 40 0.231 2.167 439
10 40 0 40 0.25 2.096 431
Load (P)
Length of Fracture (kN) -
Crack ( a ) Temperatu Toughness Fracture
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a) re (T) oC ( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd Theory
1 31 -15 37 0.032 3.157 836
1.5 31.5 -15 37 0.048 3.059 705
2 32 -15 37 0.063 2.97 629
2.5 32.5 -15 37 0.077 2.89 578
3 33 -15 37 0.091 2.812 542
3.1 33.1 -15 37 0.094 2.796 536
4 34 -15 37 0.118 2.67 494
5 35 -15 37 0.143 2.546 464
6 36 -15 37 0.167 2.434 443
7 37 -15 37 0.189 2.337 427
8 38 -15 37 0.211 2.246 416
9 39 -15 37 0.231 2.167 406
10 40 -15 37 0.25 2.096 398
Crack
Length (a)
100
mm
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
100
mm
mm2
Both side of Hole 60 mm
Dia. hole
200
35 mm mm
mm
814 kN
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN)
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) Crack Le
419 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1200
355 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
Load (kN)
319 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture 1000
296 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
279 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture 800
267 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
259 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
246 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
240 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
234 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
232 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
230 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
229 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
0
0 2
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Crack L
Stress in Effective (kN) 1200
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s)
Load (kN)
391 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 1000
332 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
298 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture 800
276 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
261 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
250 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
242 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
235 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture
223 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
219 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
216 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
215 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
214 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN)
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild Crack L
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 1000
364 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture 900
Load (kN)
309 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture 800
278 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
700
257 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
243 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
232 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture 500
229 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
214 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture 300
208 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
200
204 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
201 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 100
200 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
199 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
900
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 800
Load (kN)
337 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
700
286 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
238 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture 500
225 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
400
223 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture
208 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture 300
198 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
192 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
188 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture 100
186 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
185 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
184 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
900
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 800
Load (kN)
309 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
700
263 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
236 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
219 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture 500
216 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
400
198 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
191 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture 300
182 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture 200
177 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
100
173 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
171 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
170 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
169 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Fracture Theory Theory
Load (P)
Stress in Effective (kN) Crack Le
the Net width of -Yeild Yeild 900
Section Plate (mm) Theory Stress (s) 800
Load (kN)
282 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
700
239 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
215 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture 600
210 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture 500
188 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
180 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture 400
174 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture 300
166 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
200
161 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
158 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture 100
156 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture 0
0 2
155 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
155 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
1200
Load (kN)
1000
800
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
Theory
600 Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory
400
200
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1000
Crac
800 1200
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
Theory
Load (kN)
200 600
400
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
200
0
0 2 4
0
0 2 4
800
700
600 Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
Theory
500 Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
Theory
400
300
200
100
0 a (mm)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
800
Load (kN)
700
600
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
500 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
400 Theory
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 a (mm)
6 8 10 12
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
900
800
Load (kN)
700
600
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
500 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
400 Theory
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 a (mm)
6 8 10 12
800
Load (kN)
700
600
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture
500 Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
400 Theory
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 a (mm)
6 8 10 12
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
1200
Load (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree
1000 Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree
800 Celcius