Curso :Teoria Cuantica de Campos by:Javier Garcia

ejercicio cap.8, valor esperado.

Hallar (1)

1 ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 
< φa φb φc φd >= ( Z[J] )(1)

Z[0] ∂ja ∂jb ∂jc ∂jd 
J=0

ˆ √
1 T −1 ( 2π)n
Z[J] = Dφexp(−S[φ] + φT J) = exp( J A J)( √ )(2)
2m2 mn detA

√
( 2π)n
Z[0] = √ (3)
mn detA
Introducimos (3) y (2) en (1)
√ √ 
( 2π)n −1 ( 2π)n ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 1 T −1 
< φa φb φc φd >= (( √ )) ( √ )( exp( 2 J A J) (1)
mn detA mn detA ∂ja ∂jb ∂jc ∂jd 2m 
J=0


∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ 1 T −1 
< φa φb φc φd >= ( exp( 2 J A J) )(1)
∂ja ∂jb ∂jc ∂jd 2m 
J=0

Voy a utilizar la notacion de indices con el convenio de suma de einstein, pero haciendo referencia solo al sentido
’combinatorio’ sin tener en cuenta bases ni duales, ni nada por el estilo.
Hare todos los calculos en bruto y al final eliminare aquellas expresiones que se anulen y dire el porque.

J T A−1 J = Ji B ik Jk (4)

1
a= (5)
2m2
Combinando (1),(4),(5)

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ ik

< φa φb φc φd >= ( exp(aJi B Jk ) )(1)

∂ja ∂jb ∂jc ∂jd 
J=0

Compactificamos mas la notacion, para no liarnos.

Λ = exp(aJi B ik Jk )(6)

aJi B ik Jk = Ω(7)

∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
= ∂1 , = ∂2 , = ∂3 , = ∂4 (8)
∂ja ∂jb ∂jc ∂jd

Combinando (1),(4),(5),(6),(8)


< φa φb φc φd >= ∂1 ∂2 ∂3 ∂4 Λ (1)


J=0

1
Mas tarde usaremos (9)

∂p (Ω) = ∂p (aJi B ik Jk ) = a(∂p Ji B ik Jk δpi + ∂p Ji B ik Jk δpk ) = a(B pk Jk + Ji B ip )(9)

Ahora comenzamos los calculos en (1), aplicamos ∂4

∂4 Λ = ∂4 exp(aJi B ik Jk ) = Λ[∂1 (Ω)](10)

(10) en (1)
!

< φa φb φc φd >= ∂1 ∂2 ∂3 Λ[∂4 (Ω)]  (1)


J=0

Aplicamos ∂3


∂3 Λ[∂4 (Ω)] = (∂3 Λ)[∂4 (Ω)] + (Λ)[∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] = (Λ) [∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] (11)

(11) en (1)
!


< φa φb φc φd >= ∂1 ∂2 (Λ) [∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 ∂4 (Ω)]  (1)

J=0

A partir de aqui y hasta el final, obviare que hay que evaluar (1)de (J) en (0).
Aplicamos ∂2




∂2 (Λ) [∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] = (∂2 Λ) [∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + (Λ)∂2 [∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] =

= (Λ) [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + (Λ) [∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] =

 



= (Λ) [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] (12)

(12) en (1)



< φa φb φc φd >= ∂1 (Λ) [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] +

!


+ [∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] (1)

Por ultimo aplicamos ∂1




(Λ) [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)]

 


+[∂1 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + (Λ) [∂1 ∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)]+

+[∂2 (Ω)]([∂1 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂4 (Ω)]) + [∂1 ∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 (Ω)][∂1 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] +




+ [∂1 ∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 ∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 ∂2 ∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] (1)

2
 Tengamos en cuenta la ecuacion(9)

∂p (Ω) = ∂p (aJi B ik Jk ) = a(∂p Ji B ik Jk δpi + ∂p Ji B ik Jk δpk ) = a(B pk Jk + Ji B ip )(9)

Si iteramos el proceso

∂q ∂p (Ω) = ∂q ∂p (aJi B ik Jk ) = a∂q (∂p Ji B ik Jk δpi + ∂p Ji B ik Jk δpk ) = a∂q (B pk Jk + Ji B ip ) = a(∂q B pk Jk δqk + ∂q Ji B ip δqi ) =

= a(B pq + B qp )(13)

Teniendo en cuenta la simetria de A−1

∂q ∂p (Ω) = 2a(B pq )(13)

Si volviesemos a iterar el proceso

∂l ∂q ∂p (Ω) = ∂l 2a(B pq ) = 0

Y por lo tanto todos aquellos terminos que contengan mas de dos derivadas parciales cruzadas seran eliminados.
*Solo sobreviran terminos en parejas de derivadas parciales.



(Λ) [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 (Ω)][∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)]

 


+[∂1 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] + (Λ) [∂1 ∂2 (Ω)][∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)]+

+[∂2 (Ω)]([∂1 ∂3 (Ω)][∂4 (Ω)] + [∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂4 (Ω)]) + [∂1 ∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)]+




+[∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 ∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] (1)

*Ademas, tenemos que evaluar las (J) en [0] y por tanto, aquellos terminos que contengan

[∂p (Ω)] = a(B pk Jk + Ji B ip )



Seran iguales a cero y aqui, cero por algo es cero, ademas, Λ = 1por tanto.


J=0
 
< φa φb φc φd >= [∂1 ∂2 (Ω)][∂3 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂2 ∂3 (Ω)][∂1 ∂4 (Ω)] + [∂1 ∂3 (Ω)][∂2 ∂4 (Ω)] (1)

combinando (1), (13) , (4) ,(5) y (9).

< φa φb φc φd >= 2a(A−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1

12 )2a(A34 ) + 2a(A23 )2a(A14 ) + 2a(A13 )2a(A24 )

< φa φb φc φd >= 4a2 (A−1 −1 2 −1 −1 2 −1 −1

ab )(Acd ) + 4a (Abc )(Aad ) + 4a (Aac )(Abd )

1  −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1

< φa φb φc φd >= A A
ab cd + A bc A ad + A ac bd (1)
A
m4