Examen G-18

1. Encontrar el valor del área encerrada por las curvas y 2 ＝ 2 x y x 2 + y 2 ＝ 4 x , en el

primer cuadrante

Solución

Gráfica

Intersección

x＝x y＝y

y2 ＝2 x

x2 + y2 ＝4 x

introduciendo la primera curva en la segunda

x2 + 2 x＝4 x

x2 + 2 x - 4 x＝0

x2 - 2 x＝0

x ((x - 2)) ＝ 0

x1 ≔ 0

x2 ≔ 2

Coordenadas de la intersección

y2 ＝2 x

y1 ＝ ‾‾‾
2x

y2 ＝ - ‾‾‾
2x Descartar la solución negativa

Se tienen los puntos

x1 = 0

y11 ≔ ‾‾‾‾
2 x1 = 0 intersección (0, 0)

x2 = 2

y12 ≔ ‾‾‾‾
2 x2 = 2 intersección (2, 2)

Segunda curva
y12 ≔ ‾‾‾‾
2 x2 = 2

Segunda curva

x2 + y2 ＝4 x

Forma estandar

2 2
((x - k)) ((y - h))
――― + ――― ＝1
a2 b2

(k, h) Centro de la elipse

a, b: Semiejes

x2 + y2 ＝4 x

x2 - 4 x + y2 ＝0
4 ⎛ 4 ⎞2 ⎛ 4 ⎞2
x 2 - 2 ⋅ ―x + ⎜― ⎟ - ⎜―
2
⎟ + y ＝0
2 ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
2
⎛ 4⎞ ⎛ 4 ⎞2 2
⎜x - ―⎟ - ⎜― ⎟ + y ＝0
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2⎠

2
((x - 2)) - 4 + y 2 ＝ 0

2 2 2
((x - 2)) + y 2 ＝ 4 Formula del circulo ((x - k)) + ((y - h)) ＝ r 2
2 2
((x - 2)) + ((y - 0)) ＝ 4

k≔2

h≔0

r2 ＝4

r≔2

(k+r, h) Punto de la derecha (k, h+r) Punto de arriba

(k, h) centro
(k-r, h) Punto de la izquierda (k, h-r) Punto de abajo
 2
((x - 2)) + y 2 ＝ 4

2
y 2 ＝ 4 - ((x - 2))

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
y1 ((x)) ≔ 4 - ((x - 2))
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
y2 ((x)) ≔ - 4 - ((x - 2)) Descartamos la segunda solución

Resumen de funciones

y ＝ ‾‾‾
2x Parabola
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
y ＝ 4 - ((x - 2)) Medio circulo

Tabla de valores y ＝ ‾‾‾

2x

x y

0.5 1
1 1.414
1.5 1.73

2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞
A≔⎮ ⎝ 4 - (
(x - 2 )
) - ‾‾‾
2 x ⎠ dx
⌡
0

2
2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞ ⌠
A≔⎮ 4 - (x - 2 ) d x - ‾‾‾
⌡ ⎝ ( ) ⎠ ⌡ 2 x dx
⎮
0 0

2
2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 3
2 ⎞ ―
⎮ ― 2 ―
A≔⎮ ‾‾ ⎮ 2 2 2
⌡ ⎝ 4 - ((x - 2)) ⎠ d x - 2 ⋅ ⌡ x d x ⌡ x dx＝―
3
⋅x +c
0 0
 2
2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 3
2 ⎞ ⎮ ― ⎮ ― 2 ―
A≔⎮ 4 - (x - 2 ) d x - ‾‾
2 ⋅
2 2 2
⌡ ⎝ ( ) ⎠ ⌡ x dx ⌡ x dx＝―
3
⋅x +c
0 0

2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞
⎛ 3
― ―⎞
3
⎜ 2 2
A≔⎮ ‾‾ ⋅ 2 - ―⋅ 0 ⎟
2 2
⌡ ⎝ 4 - ((x - 2)) ⎠ d x - 2 ⋅ ⎜―3 3 ⎟⎠
0 ⎝

1 3 1 3 3 3 3+3 6
3 1 3 ― ― ―+ 1 + ― ―+ ― ―― ―
2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
‾‾ 2 ―
22 ―
2
―
2 ⋅2 ⋅2
2 2 2 2 2 23 8
2 ⋅ ―⋅ 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ 2 ＝ ―――― ＝ ―――＝ ――― ＝ ――＝ ―― ＝ ―＝ ―
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2
⌠ ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2 ⎞ 8
A≔⎮
⌡ ⎝ 4 - ((x - 2)) ⎠ d x - ―
0
3

2
⌠
-8 ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
A ≔ ―― + ⌡ 4 - ((x - 2)) d x k2 ＝4 k＝2
3 0

Sustituciones trigonometricas

Forma Sustitución Propiedad

2 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾
k2 - u2 u ＝ k ⋅ sin ((θ)) 1 - sin ((θ)) ＝ cos ((θ))

Sustituión

x - 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ))

dx ＝ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) ⋅ dθ

Cambio de limites

Limite superior x ≔ 2 Limite inferior x ≔ 0

x - 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ)) x - 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ))

2 - 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ)) 0 - 2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ))

0 ＝ sin ((θ)) -2 ＝ 2 ⋅ sin ((θ))

π
θ ≔ asin ((0)) = 0 θ ≔ asin ((-1)) → -―
2
0
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-8 2
A ≔ ―― + ⎮⌡ 4 - (
(2 ⋅ sin (
(θ )
))
) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
3 -π
――
2
 0
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-8 2
A ≔ ―― + ⎮⌡ 4 - ((2 ⋅ sin ((θ)))) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
3 -π
――
2

0
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-8 2 2 2
A ≔ ―― + ⎮⌡ 4 - 4 ⋅ sin (
(θ )
) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ 1 - sin ((θ)) ＝ cos ((θ))
3 -π
――
2

0
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛ 2⎞
-8
A ≔ ―― + ⎮⌡ 4 ⋅ ⎝ 1 - sin (
(θ )
) ⎠ ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
3 -π
――
2

0
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
-8 2
A ≔ ―― + ⎮⌡ 4 ⋅ cos ((θ)) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
3 -π
――
2

0
-8
A ≔ ―― + ⌠⌡ 2 cos ((θ)) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
3 -π
――
2
0

-8 ⌠ 2 2 1 1
A ≔ ―― +4 ⎮⌡ cos ((θ)) d θ cos ((θ)) ＝ ―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))
3 -π
2 2
――
2

-8 ⌠⎛1 1 ⎞
A ≔ ―― + 4 ⎮ ⎜―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))⎟ d θ
3 ⌡⎝2 2
⎮ ⎠
-π
――
2

⌠⎛1 1 ⎞ θ 1
⎮ ⎜―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))⎟ d θ ＝ ―+ ―⋅ sin ((2 ⋅ θ)) + c
⌡⎝2 2
⎮ ⎠ 2 4

⎛ ⎛ -π ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜―― ⎟
-8 ⎛0 1 ⎞ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 ⎛ ⎛ -π ⎞⎞⎟
A ≔ ―― ( ) ⎜ ⎟⎟⎟
+ 4 ⎜―+ ―⋅ sin (2 ⋅ 0)⎟ - 4 ⋅ ―― + ―⋅ sin ⎜2 ⋅ ⎜――
3 ⎝2 4 ⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠⎟⎠

-8 ⎛ π 1 ⎞
A ≔ ―― - 4 ⋅ ⎜-―+ ―⋅ sin ((-π))⎟
3 ⎝ 4 4 ⎠

-8 ⎛ π⎞
A ≔ ―― - 4 ⋅ ⎜-―⎟
3 ⎝ 4⎠

-8
A ≔ ―― + π = 0.475 u2
3
2. Use la suma de Riemann para calcular la integral
2
⌠⎛ 4 3 ⎞
⌡ ⎝5 x + 4 ⋅ x - 2 x⎠ d x
1

b-a
Δ ＝ ――
n

2-1 1
Δ ＝ ――→ Δ ＝ ―
n n

Sumas de Riemann

b n
⌠ f (x) d x ＝ lim Δ ⋅ ∑ f (a + k ⋅ Δ)
⌡ ( ) ( )
a n→∞ k=1

2
n
⌠⎛ 1 ⎛ k⎞
⎝5 x 4
+ 4 ⋅ x 3
- 2 x⎞
⎠ d x ＝ lim ― ⋅ ∑ f ⎜ 1 + ―⎟
⌡
1 n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝ n⎠

n ⎛ ⎞
2 4 3
⌠⎛ 1 ⎜ ⎛ k⎞ ⎛ k⎞ ⎛ k ⎞⎟
4 3 ⎞
⌡ ⎝5 x + 4 ⋅ x - 2 x⎠ d x ＝ lim ― ⋅ ∑ 5 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―
⎜ ⎟ + 4 ⎜1 + ―⎟ - 2 ⎜1 + ― ⎟
n ⎠⎟⎠
1 n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝

Triangulo de pascal

1 n＝0
1 1 n＝1

1 2 1 n＝2

1 3 3 1 n＝3

1 4 6 4 1 n＝4

4
⎛ k⎞ 4 3 ⎛ k ⎞1 2 ⎛ k ⎞2 1 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎛ k ⎞4
⎜1 + ―⎟ ＝1 + 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +6⋅1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +4⋅1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝ n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠

4
⎛ k⎞ ⎛k⎞ ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎛ k ⎞4
⎜ 1 + ―⎟ ＝ 1 + 4 ⋅ ―
⎜ ⎟ + 6 ⋅ ―
⎜ ⎟ + 4 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝ n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠

3
⎛ k⎞ 3 2 ⎛ k ⎞1 1 ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3
⎜1 + ―⎟ ＝1 + 3 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +3⋅1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝ n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠
 3
⎛ k⎞ 3 2 ⎛ k ⎞1 1 ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3
⎜1 + ―⎟ ＝1 + 3 ⋅ 1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ +3⋅1 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝ n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠
3
⎛ k⎞ ⎛ k ⎞1 ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3
⎜ 1 + ―⎟ ＝ 1 + 3 ⋅ ―
⎜ ⎟ + 3 ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ + ⎜― ⎟
⎝ n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠

n ⎛ ⎛
1 ⎛k⎞ ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎛ k ⎞4 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ k ⎞1 ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎞ ⎛ k ⎞⎞
A ＝ lim ―⋅ ∑ ⎜5 ⋅ ⎜1 + 4 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 6 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 4 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + ⎜―⎟ ⎟ + 4 ⎜1 + 3 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 3 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + ⎜―⎟ ⎟ - 2 ⎜1 + ―⎟⎟
n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝ ⎝ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎠ ⎝ n ⎠⎠

n ⎛
1 k ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎛ k ⎞4 k ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 k⎞
A ＝ lim ―⋅ ∑ ⎜5 + 20 ⋅ ―+ 30 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 20 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 5 ⎜―⎟ + 4 + 12 ⋅ ―+ 12 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 4 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ - 2 - 2 ―⎟
n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝ n ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ n
⎝ ⎠ n n
⎝ ⎠ n
⎝ ⎠ n ⎠

n ⎛
1 k ⎛ k ⎞2 ⎛ k ⎞3 ⎛ k ⎞4 ⎞
A ＝ lim ―⋅ ∑ ⎜7 + 30 ⋅ ―+ 42 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 24 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ + 5 ⎜―⎟ ⎟
n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝ n ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎝n⎠ ⎠

n ⎛
1 k k2 k3 k4 ⎞
A ＝ lim ―⋅ ∑ ⎜7 + 30 ⋅ ―+ 42 ⋅ ―― + 24 ⋅ ―― + 5 ―― ⎟
n → ∞ n k=1 ⎝⎜ n 2 3
n n n 4 ⎟⎠

⎛1 n
30 n
42 n
24 n
5 n ⎞
A ＝ lim ⎜―⋅ ∑ 7 + ―― ⋅ ∑ k + ―― ⋅ ∑ k 2 + ―― ⋅ ∑ k 3 + ―― ⋅ ∑ k4 ⎟
n → ∞ ⎜⎝ n k=1 n 2
k=1 n 3
k=1 n 4
k=1 n 5
k=1 ⎟⎠

⎛1 30 n ⋅ ((n + 1)) 42 n ⋅ ⎛⎝2 n 2 + 3 n + 1⎞⎠ 24 n 2 ⋅ ⎛⎝n 2 + 2 n + 1⎞⎠ 5 n ⋅ ((n + 1)) ⋅ ((2 n + 1)) ⋅ ⎛⎝3 ⋅ n 2 + 3 n - 1⎞⎠ ⎞
A ＝ lim ⎜―⋅ 7 ⋅ n + ―― ⋅ ――――+ ―― ⋅ ――――――― + ―― ⋅ ――――――― + ―― ⋅ ――――――――――――― ⎟
n → ∞ ⎜⎝ n
2 2 3 6 4 4 5 30 ⎟⎠
n n n n

⎛ ((n + 1)) ⎛⎝2 n 2 + 3 n + 1⎞⎠ ⎛⎝n 2 + 2 n + 1⎞⎠ 1 ((n + 1)) ⋅ ((2 n + 1)) ⋅ ⎛⎝3 ⋅ n 2 + 3 n - 1⎞⎠ ⎞
A ＝ lim ⎜7 + 15 ⋅ ――― + 7 ⋅ ―――――― + 6 ⋅ ――――― + ―⋅ ―――――――――――⎟
n → ∞ ⎜⎝ n n2 n2 6 n4 ⎟⎠

⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 1 ⎞ 1 ((n + 1)) ((2 n + 1)) ⎛⎝3 ⋅ n 2 + 3 n - 1⎞⎠ ⎞

A ＝ lim ⎜7 + 15 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―⎟ + 7 ⋅ ⎜2 + ―+ ――⎟ + 6 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―+ ――⎟ + ―⋅ ――― ⋅ ―――⋅ ―――――― ⎟
n → ∞ ⎜⎝ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n n2 ⎠ ⎝ n n2 ⎠ 6 n n n2 ⎟⎠

⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 1 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 3 1 ⎞⎞
A ＝ lim ⎜7 + 15 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―⎟ + 7 ⋅ ⎜2 + ―+ ―― ⎟ + 6 ⋅ ⎜1 + ―+ ―― ⎟ + ―⋅ ⎜1 + ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜2 + ―⎟ ⋅ ⎜3 + ―- ―― ⎟⎟
n→∞ ⎝ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n n ⎠
2
⎝ n n ⎠ 6 ⎝
2
n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n n 2 ⎠⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞
A ≔ ⎜7 + 15 ⋅ ((1 + 0)) + 7 ⋅ ((2 + 0 + 0)) + 6 ⋅ ((1 + 0 + 0)) + ―⋅ ((1 + 0)) ⋅ ((2 + 0)) ⋅ ((3 + 0 - 0))⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

⎛ 1 ⎞
A ≔ ⎜7 + 15 ⋅ ((1)) + 7 ⋅ ((2)) + 6 ⋅ ((1)) + ―⋅ ((1)) ⋅ ((2)) ⋅ ((3))⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠

A ≔ ((7 + 15 + 14 + 6 + 1)) = 43

A ≔ 43

π
―
4
⌠ tan (x)
( )
3. Use la regla del trapecio para calcular la integral ⎮ ――― d x con n ≔ 5
⌡ 2+x
⎮
1
 π
―
4
⌠ tan (x)
( )
3. Use la regla del trapecio para calcular la integral ⎮ ――― d x con n ≔ 5
⌡ 2+x
⎮
π 1
―
4 1
⌠ tan (x) ⌠ -tan (x)
⎮ ――― ( ) ( )
d x ＝ ⎮ ―――d x
⌡ 2+x
⎮ ⌡ 2+x
⎮
1 π
―
4

π
1-―
4
Δ ≔ ―― = 0.0429203673
5

xk ＝ a + k ⋅ Δ

π
xk ＝ ―+ k ⋅ 0.0429
4

Tabla de valores
Regla del trapecio
k xk f ⎛⎝xk⎞⎠
Δ
At ＝ ―⋅ ⎛⎝f ⎛⎝x0⎞⎠ + 2 ⋅ f ⎛⎝x1⎞⎠ + 2 ⋅ f ⎛⎝x2⎞⎠ ‥ . + f ⎛⎝xn⎞⎠⎞⎠
0 0.785 -0.359 2

1 0.828 -0.385
2 0.871 -0.414
3 0.914 -0.445
4 0.957 -0.48
5 1 -0.519

0.0429
At ≔ ――― ⋅ ((-0.359 + 2 ⋅ ((-0.385)) + 2 ⋅ ((-0.414)) + 2 ⋅ ((-0.445)) + 2 ⋅ ((-0.48)) + ((-0.519))))
2

At = -0.092793 u 2

x2 y2
4. Hallar el volumen del sólido que se genera al hacer girar la gráfica ― + ― ＝1 ,
a2 b2
alrededor de eje x ＝ 2 ⋅ a
 x2 y2
4. Hallar el volumen del sólido que se genera al hacer girar la gráfica ― + ― ＝1 ,
a2 b2
alrededor de eje x ＝ 2 ⋅ a

Elipse: con centro en el origen

x2 y2
― + ― ＝1
a2 b2

Puntos de corte

Con x (y=0) Con y (x=0)

x2 y2 x2 y2
― + ― ＝1 ― + ― ＝1
a2 b2 a2 b2

x2 y2
― ＝1 ― ＝1
a2 b2

x2 ＝a2 y2 ＝b2

x1 ＝ -a Corte (-a, 0) y1 ＝ -b Corte (0, -b)

x2 ＝ a Corte (a, 0) y2 ＝ b Corte (0, b)

Soluciones a la Elipse
Soluciones a la Elipse
x2 y2
― + ― ＝1
a2 b2

y2 x2
― ＝ 1 - ―
b2 a2
⎛ x2 ⎞
y 2 ＝ b 2 ⋅ ⎜1 - ― ⎟
⎝ a2 ⎠

‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2
y1 ＝ b ⋅ 1-― Esta solución describe la parte de arriba de la elipse
a2
‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2
y2 ＝ -b ⋅ 1-― Esta solución describe la parte de abajo de la elipse
a2

Metodo de Capas

V＝2 π ⋅ ⌠
⌡ r ((x)) ⋅ h ((x)) d x
a

Rectangulo representativo: se deben dibujar paralelos al eje de revolución

r ((x)) : Es la distancia, perpendicular, desde el eje de revolución hasta la base o extremo del
rectangulo representativo

r ((x)) ＝ 2 ⋅ a - x

h ((x)) : La altura o largo del rectangulo representativo

h ((x)) ＝ y1 - y2 h ((x)) ＝ y1 + ||y2||

x2 ⎛
‾‾‾‾‾‾ x2 ⎞
‾‾‾‾‾‾ x2 |
‾‾‾‾‾‾ x2 |
‾‾‾‾‾‾
h ((x)) ＝ b ⋅ 1-― - ⎜-b ⋅ 1 - ― ⎟ h ((x)) ＝ b ⋅ 1-― + |-b ⋅ 1 - ― |
a 2 ⎜⎝ a 2 ⎟⎠ a2 | a2 |

‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2
h ((x)) ＝ b ⋅ 1-― + b ⋅ 1 - ― h ((x)) ＝ b ⋅ 1-― + b ⋅ 1 - ―
a2 a2 a2 a2

‾‾‾‾‾‾
x2
h ((x)) ＝ 2 ⋅ b ⋅ 1-―
a2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2
h ((x)) ＝ 2 ⋅ b ⋅ ―――
a2
 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2
h ((x)) ＝ 2 ⋅ b ⋅ ―――
a2

b
h ((x)) ＝ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2
a

Integral
a
⌠ b
V ＝ 2 π ⋅ ⎮ ((2 ⋅ a - x)) ⋅ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2 dx
⎮
⌡ a
-a

a
b ⌠
V ＝ 2 π ⋅ 2 ⋅ ―⋅ ⎮
⌡ ((2 ⋅ a - x)) ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2 dx
a -a

a
b ⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⌡ ((2 ⋅ a - x)) ⋅ a - x d x
V ＝ 4 π ⋅ ―⋅ ⎮
a -a

a
b ⌠⎛ ⎞
V ＝ 4 π ⋅ ―⋅ ⎮
⌡ ⎝2 ⋅ a ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a 2 - x 2 - x ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2 ⎠ dx
a -a

a a
⌠ b ⌠
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⌡ a - x dx - 4 π ⋅ ―
a
⋅⎮⌡ x ⋅ a - x dx
-a -a
⌠ du
‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
u＝a2 - x2
⌡ x ⋅ a - x dx
⎮ du ＝ -2 x ⋅ dx ――
-2
＝ x ⋅ dx

3
3 ―
⌠ 1 ⌠ ‾‾ -1 2 ― 1 ⎛ 2 2
⎮ x ⋅ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a 2
- x 2
d x ＝ -―⋅ u d u ＝ ――⋅ ―⋅ u
2
+ c ＝ -― ⋅ ⎝a - x 2⎞
⎠ +c
⌡ ⎮
2 ⌡ 2 3 3

3
―
⌠ 1 ⎛ 2 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⋅ ⎝a - x 2 ⎞⎠ + c
⌡ x ⋅ a - x d x ＝ -―
⎮
3

a ⎛ 3
― ―⎞
3
⌠ b ⎜ 1 ⎛ 2 2
1 ⎛ 2 2⎟
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
a 2
- x 2
d x - 4 π ⋅ ― ⋅ ⎜ -―⋅ ⎝a - a 2⎞
⎠ + ― ⋅ ⎝a - (
(-a )
)
2⎞
⎠ ⎟
⌡ a ⎝ 3 3
-a ⎠

a
⌠
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ ‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⌡ a - x dx
-a

Sustituciones trigonometricas

Forma Sustitución Propiedad

2 2
‾‾‾‾‾‾
a2 - x2 x ＝ a ⋅ sin ((θ)) 1 - sin ((θ)) ＝ cos ((θ))

dx ＝ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) ⋅ dθ

Cambio de limites

Limite superior x ＝ a Limite inferior x ＝ -a

x ＝ a ⋅ sin ((θ)) x ＝ a ⋅ sin ((θ))

a ＝ a ⋅ sin ((θ)) -a ＝ a ⋅ sin ((θ))

1 ＝ sin ((θ)) -1 ＝ sin ((θ))

π π
θ ≔ asin ((1)) → ― θ ≔ asin ((-1)) → -―
2 2
π
―
2
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ 2
⌡ a - ((a ⋅ sin ((θ)))) ⋅ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
π
-―
2
 π
―
2
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ 2 2
⌡ a - a ⋅ sin ((θ)) ⋅ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
π
-―
2

π
―
2
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 ⎛
2⎞ 2 2
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮
⌡ a ⋅ ⎝1 - sin (
(θ )
) ⎠ ⋅ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ 1 - sin ((θ)) ＝ cos ((θ))
π
-―
2

π
―
2
⌠ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ 2
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮
⌡ a 2
⋅ cos (
(θ )
) ⋅ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
π
-―
2

π
―
2

V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⌠
⌡ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) ⋅ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
π
-―
2

π
―
2
⌠ 2 2 1 1
2
⌡ a ⋅ cos ((θ)) d θ
V＝8 π ⋅ b ⋅ ⎮ cos ((θ)) ＝ ―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))
2 2
π
-―
2

π
―
2
⌠⎛1 1 ⎞
V ＝ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ⎮ ⎜―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))⎟ d θ
⌡⎝2 2
⎮ ⎠
π
-―
2

⌠⎛1 1 ⎞ θ 1
⎮ ⎜―+ ―⋅ cos ((2 θ))⎟ d θ ＝ ―+ ―⋅ sin ((2 θ)) + c
⌡⎝2 2
⎮ ⎠ 2 4

⎛⎛π⎞ ⎞ ⎛⎛ π⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜―⎟ ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞⎟ ⎜ ⎜-―⎟ ⎛ ⎛ π ⎞⎞⎟
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 ⎝ 2⎠ 1
V ＝ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a ⋅ ―― + ―⋅ sin ⎜2 ⎜―⎟⎟⎟ - 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ―― + ―⋅ sin ⎜2 ⎜-―⎟⎟⎟
⎜
⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠⎟⎠

⎛⎛π⎞ ⎞ ⎛⎛ π⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜―⎟ ⎟ ⎜ ⎜-―⎟ ⎟
⎝2⎠ 1 ⎝ 2⎠ 1
V ＝ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ⎜―― + ―⋅ sin ((π))⎟ - 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ⎜―― + ―⋅ sin ((-π))⎟
⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠
 ⎛⎛π⎞ ⎞ ⎛⎛ π⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜―⎟ ⎟ ⎜ ⎜-―⎟ ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠ 1 ⎝ 2⎠ 1
V ＝ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a ⋅ ―― + ―⋅ sin ((π))⎟ - 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ―― + ―⋅ sin ((-π))⎟
⎜
⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 4 ⎟⎠

π π
V ＝ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ―+ 8 π ⋅ b ⋅ a 2 ⋅ ―
4 4

V＝2 π ⋅ b ⋅ a2 ⋅ π + 2 π ⋅ b ⋅ a2 ⋅ π

V＝2 π2 ⋅ b ⋅ a2 + 2 π2 ⋅ b ⋅ a2

V＝4 π2 ⋅ a2 ⋅ b