NOMBRE: Luis Alban FECHA: 02/08/2020

NRC: 7523
De los problemas 1 al 18 construye una base ortonormal para el espacio o subespacio vectorial
dado.
EJERCICIO #1
1.- (1 − 3 ); (3 0 )
{𝑉1 ; 𝑉2 } = {((1 − 3 )); ((3 0 ))}

|𝑉1 | = √(1)2 + (−3)2

|𝑉1 | = √1 + 9 = √10 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎

1
𝑈1 = | ∗ 𝑉1
𝑉1 |

1 1 −3
𝑈1 = ∗ (1 − 3 ) = ( )
√10 √10 √10

𝑉′2 = 𝑉2 − (𝑉2 ∗ 𝑈1 ) ∗ 𝑈1
1 −3 1 −3 3 1 −3
𝑉′2 = (3 0 ) − ((3 0 ) ∗ ( )) ∗ ( ) = (3 0 ) − ∗( ) = (3 0 ) −
√10 √10 √10 √10 √10 √10 √10
3 −9 27 9
(10 ) = (10 )
10 10

27 2 −9 2 9√10
|𝑉′2 | = √( ) + ( ) = 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎
10 10 10

1 ′ 10 27 9 3 1
𝑈2 = |𝑉′ | ∗ 𝑉 2 = ∗ (10 10 ) = (√10 )
2 9√10 √10

1 −3 3 1
Base ortonormal 𝑈1 , 𝑈2 es:{( );( )}
√10 √10 √10 √10
EJERCICIO #3
H={(𝑥, 𝑦)𝜖𝑅 2 : 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0} 𝑥=𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 =0
(2𝑖𝑛𝑐 − 1𝑒𝑐 = 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜)
𝑤 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)/𝜖𝑅 2 /𝑦, 𝑦}
𝑥=𝑦
𝑦=𝑦
𝑤 = (1,1) ; 𝑉1 = (1,1)

|𝑉1 | = √(1)2 + (1)2

|𝑉1 | = √2
1
𝑈1 = |𝑉 | ∗ 𝑉1
1

1
𝑈1 = ∗ (1,1)
√2

1 1
𝑈1 = ( ; )
√2 √2
EJERCICIO #5
H={(𝑥, 𝑦)𝜖𝑅 2 : 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0}
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0
𝑎𝑥 = −𝑏𝑦
(𝑥 𝑦 ) = (−𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑦 ) = 𝑦(−𝑏 𝑏 )

𝐵𝑤 = {(−𝑏 𝑏 )}
(𝑥 𝑦 ) ∈ 𝑤 ⊥

⟨(−𝑏 𝑏 )⟩ = 0

−𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0

𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑤 𝑧 )𝜖 𝑅2 /−𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 0}

𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(−𝑏 𝑏 )}

𝑣1 = (−𝑏 𝑏 )
1
𝑈1 = ∗ (−𝑏 𝑏 )
√(−𝑏)2 +(𝑏)2

1
𝑈1 = 𝑏 ∗ (−𝑏 𝑏 )
√2

−1 1
𝑈1 = ( )
√2 √2
EJERCICIO #7
𝜋 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝜖𝑅 3 : 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0}
2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0
2𝑥 = 𝑦 + 𝑧
(𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ) = (𝑦 + 𝑧 2𝑦 2𝑧 ) = 𝑦(1 2 0 ) + 𝑧(1 0 2 )

𝐵𝑤 = {(1 2 0 ); (1 0 2 )}
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥

⟨(1 2 0 )⟩ = 0 ; ⟨(1 0 2 )⟩ = 0
𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 0 𝑎 + 2𝑐 = 0
3
𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑅 /𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 2𝑐 = 0}

−𝑎 = 2𝑏
2𝑐 = −𝑎
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ) = (2𝑎 2𝑏 2𝑐 ) = (2𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎 ) = 𝑎(2 − 1 − 1 )

𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(2 − 1 − 1 )}

𝑣1 = (2 − 1 − 1 )
1
𝑈1 = ∗ (2 − 1 − 1 )
√6

2 −1 −1
𝑈1 = ( )
√6 √6 √6
EJERCICIO #9
𝐻 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝜖𝑅 3 : 𝑥 = 3𝑡; 𝑦 = 4𝑡; 𝑧 = 0 ; 𝑡𝜖𝑅}
(𝑥; 𝑦; 𝑧) = (3𝑡, 4𝑡, 0)
(𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ) = (3𝑡 4𝑡 0 ) = 𝑡(3 4 0 )

𝐵𝑤 = {(3 4 0 )}
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥

⟨(3 4 0 )⟩ = 0
3𝑎 + 4𝑏 = 0
3
𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑅 /3𝑎 + 4𝑏 = 0}

3𝑎 = −4𝑏
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ) = (−4𝑏 3𝑏 3𝑐 ) = 𝑏(−4 3 0 ) + 𝑐(0 0 3 )
𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(−4 3 0 ); (0 0 3 )}

𝑣1 = (−4 3 0 ) ; 𝑣2 = (0 0 3 )
1 2 1 1
𝑈1 = 5 ∗ (2 − 1 − 1 ) = (5 − 5 − 5 )
1 1 1
𝑈2 = 2 ∗ (2 − 1 − 1 ) = (1 − 2 − 2 )
EJERCICIO #11
𝐻 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝜖𝑅 3 : 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0}
𝑥 = −2𝑦 − 3𝑧
(𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ) = (−2𝑦 − 3𝑧 𝑦 𝑧 ) = 𝑦(−2 1 0 ) + 𝑧(−3 0 1 )

𝐵𝑤 = {(−2 1 0 ); (−3 0 1 )}
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥
⟨(−2 1 0 )⟩ = 0 ; ⟨(−3 0 1 )⟩ = 0
−2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0 − 3𝑎 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑅3 /−2𝑎 + 𝑏 = −3𝑎 + 𝑐 = 0}

𝑏 = 2𝑎
𝑐 = 3𝑎
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ) = (𝑎 2𝑎 3𝑎 ) = 𝑎(1 2 3 )

𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(1 2 3 )}

𝑣1 = (1 2 3 )
1
𝑈1 = ∗ (1 2 3 )
√14

1 2 3
𝑈1 = ( )
√14 √14 √14
EJERCICIO #13
𝐻 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝜖𝑅 4 : 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 5𝑤 = 0}
3𝑥 = −4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤
(𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑤 ) = (−4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 3𝑦 3𝑧 3𝑤 ) = 𝑦(−4 3 0 0 ) + 𝑧(−2 0 3 0 ) + 𝑤(−5 0 0 3 )

𝐵𝑤 = {(−4 3 0 0 ); (−2 0 3 0 ); (−5 0 0 3 )}

(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥
⟨(−4 3 0 0 )⟩ = 0 ; ⟨(−2 0 3 0 )⟩ = 0 ; ⟨(−5 0 0 3 )⟩ = 0
−4𝑎 + 3𝑏 = 0 − 2𝑎 + 3𝑐 = 0 − 5𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 0
4
𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 )𝜖𝑅 /−4𝑎 + 3𝑏 = −2𝑎 + 3𝑐 = −5𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 0}

3𝑏 = 4𝑎
3𝑐 = 2𝑎
3𝑑 = 5𝑎
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 ) = (3𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎 5𝑎 ) = 𝑎(3 4 2 5 )

𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(3 4 2 5 )}

𝑣1 = (3 4 2 5 )
1
𝑈1 = ∗ (3 4 2 5 )
3√6

1 4 2 5
𝑈1 = ( 2 )
√6 3√6 3√6
3√6
EJERCICIO #15
𝑥 𝑧
𝐿 = {(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧): 𝑎 = 𝑦𝑏 = 𝑐 } , 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑧
= 𝑦𝑏 = 𝑐
𝑎
1 1
𝑥 = 𝑦𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑧
𝑎
1 1
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑎 , 𝑏. 𝑐 )
1 1
𝐵𝑤 = {( , 𝑏. )}
𝑎 𝑐

(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥
1 1
⟨(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
)⟩ =0

2 + 𝑏2 = 0
3
𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 )𝜖𝑅 /2 + 𝑏 2 = 0 }

𝑏 = √2

(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ) = (𝑎 √2𝑏 3𝑐 ) = 𝑎(1 0 0 ) + 𝑏(0 √2 0 ) + 𝑐(0 0 3 )

𝐵𝑤 ⊥ = {(1 0 0 ); (0 √2 0 ); (0 0 3 )}

𝑣1 = (1 0 0 ); (0 √2 0 ); (0 0 3 )
1 1
𝑈1 = ∗ (1 0 0 ) = ( 00)
√14 √14

1 1
𝑈2 = ∗ (0 √2 0 ) = (0 √7 0 )
√14

1
𝑈3 = ∗ (0 0 3 ) =0314
√14

1 1 3
𝑈1 = ( 0 0 ) ; (0 √7 0 ); (0 0 )
√14 √14
EJERCICIO #17
𝐻 = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , 𝑥4 , 𝑥5 )𝜖𝑅 4 : 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 5𝑤 = 0}
3𝑥 = −4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤
(𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 𝑥4 𝑥5 ) = (−4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 − 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 − 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 − 4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 −
4𝑦 − 2𝑧 − 5𝑤 ) = 4𝑦(−1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 ) + 2𝑧(−1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 ) + 2𝑤(−1 − 1 −
1 −1 −1)
𝐵𝑤 = {(−1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 )}
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 )𝜖𝑤 ⊥

⟨(−1 − 1 − 1 − 1 − 1 )⟩ = 0
(−𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐 − 𝑑 − 𝑒)

𝑤 ⊥ = {(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 )𝜖𝑅4 /−𝑎 − 𝑏 − 𝑐 − 𝑑 − 𝑒 = 0}

(−𝑏 − 𝑐 − 𝑑 − 𝑒 = 𝑎)
EJERCICIO EN CLASE