t]¸À-þ2 sk£³-þF

aebmfw
bqWnäv- - c­ v (4)
Xoh­nbnse ]m« v
F³. hn. IrjvW hm-cnbÀ
 F³.hn. Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-b-cp-sS Im-hy-Po-hn-Xw
Im-ev-]\n-I {]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ B-hnÀ-`m-hw a-ebm-f I-hn-X-bn H-cp ]pXn-b bp-K-¯n-sâ
]nd-hn Ip-dn¨p. B-[p\n-I I-hn-{Xbw Cu Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ I-hn-I-fmWv. Øq-e-`m-h-§-sf-¡mÄ
kq-£v-a-`m-h-§-tfm-Sv B-`n-ap-Jy-ap-Å `m-h-Ko-X-§-fp-sS Im-e-am-Wv Xp-SÀ-¶p-h-¶Xv. i-¦-c-¡p-dp-
¸mWv Cu Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ ap-Jy-Ihn. K-Xm-\p-K-Xn-IXzw \n-an-¯w Im-ev-]-\n-I-I-hn-X-I-fn Nne
tIm-«-§fpw I-S-¶p-I-qSn. `m-h-\-bp-sS ]q-©n-d-In-te-dn Im-ev-]\n-I I-hn-IÄ a®n-t\m-Sv hn-S-]d-
ªv hn-®n-se¯n. A-Xn-`m-hp-IXzhpw A-bYmÀ-°amb A-´-co-£-hp-am-Wv C-h-cp-sS kr-ãn-I-
fn ImWp-¶Xv. hm-kv-X-hn-I-X-bp-am-bn bm-sXm-cp-_-Ô-hp-anÃm-¯ Zn-hyam-b {]-W-b-¯n-s\ ]-Z-
]Ãh\w sIm-­v Ir-{Xn-a-amb tam-Sn-¸-In-«v h-cp-¯n-bn-cp¶p ChÀ. C-Xn-s\Ãmw ]pd-sa I-hn-X-
sb¶p ]-d-ªm A-Xv `m-h-Ko-Xw am-{X-am-sW-s¶m-cp {`-ahpw Imhy-tem-I-¯n I-S-¶p-IqSn.
Imev-]-\n-I-X-bpsS Cu t]m¡n\p hn-cm-a-an-Sp-hm³ ap-t¶m-«p-h-¶ I-cp-¯p-ä I-hn-I-fn H-cp-h-
\mWv F³.hn.Ir-jv-W-hm-cnbÀ. ssh-tem-¸n-Ån-sb-t¸m-se tdm-amân-Iv I-hnX-I-tfm-Sv Km-Vam-b
A-\p-cm-K-ap-Å I-hn-bm-Wv Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-bc- pw. sdm-amân-Iv I-hn-X-tbm-Sv hn-S-]-d-bm³ hn-j-a-ap-Å
Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-bÀ hm-\n Xnf-§p-¶ sh-Ån \-£-{X-t¯m-Sv a-®n th-cq¶n-b ]pÂ-s¡m-Sn-
¡pÅ A-\p-cm-Kw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-hn-P-b-am-hn-sÃ-¶dnªp-sIm-­v B Km-Vm-\p-cmK-s¯ D-Ån-sâ
D-Å-d-I-fn I-pgn-¨p-aqSn. a-®n th-cq-¶nb-h-tbm-Sv a-a-X ]p-eÀ-¯n-h¶p.

“Xp-Sp-sh-Åm-¼Â-s¸m-bv-I-bà Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ
IS-te I-hn-X-bv-¡p R-§Ä-¡p a-jn-]m-{Xw”
F-¶v ssh-tem-¸n-Ån {]-Jym-]n¨-Xv F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-X-IÄ¡pw _m-[-I-amWv. AXn-ssh-Im-
cnIX, ssh-b-ànI-X, A-Xn-cp-I-fn-em-¯ `mh-\, kw-Ko-Xmß-I-X F-¶o e-£-W-§-fp-Å Im-ev-
]\nI I-hn-X-IÄ hm-bn-¨n-cp-¶ hm-b-\-¡m-cn sR-«-ep-­m-¡n-s¡m-­m-Wv F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-
X-I-Ä {]-Xy-£-s¸-«Xv.
`m-h-\-bp-sS temI-¯v hn-l-cn-¨n-cp-¶ hm-b-\-¡m-cp-sS ap-¶n \n-cm-Uw-_-cam-b bm-YmÀ-
°y§-sf \n-c-¯n-\nÀ-¯n h-kv-Xp-\n-jvT-tem-Iw A-hÀ-¡p Im-Wn¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-hm³ F³.hn.bv-
¡v km-[n¨p. hÀ-¯-am-\-Im-e -bm-YmÀ-°y-§-fn-se D-Å-d-I-fn-se ssh-cq-]yhpw ZpÀ-K-Ôhpw `mh-
\-sIm-­v a-d-¨p-sh-¡m-\m-hn-sÃ-¶v t_m-[y-am¡n-sIm-Sp¯p. {Iq-cam-b Po-hn-X-bm-YmÀ-°y-§-Ä
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ `m-h-Km-\-§-fp-sS cq-]w A-]-cym-]-vXam-sW-¶v F³.hn. I-­-dnªp. bm-YmÀ-
°y§sf hy-Xy-kv-X-tIm-Wp-I-fn-eq-sS hym-Jym-\n-¡m-\pw, k-Xy-¯n-sâ hn-`n-¶-ap-J-§Ä Im-«n-
¯-cm\pw ]cym-]v-X-am-Wv F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-XIÄ. k-aIm-e Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ DÄ-¯p-Sn-¸p-IÄ I-
hn-{X-bs
- ¯-¡mÄ Xo-£v-W-am-bn X-sâ I-hn-X-I-fn DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¡m³ I-gn-ªp F-¶-Xm-Wv
F³.hn.bp-sS hn-Pbw.

 ‘\o-­ I-hn-XIÄ’
tdm-amân-Iv I-hn-X-tbm-Sv I-hn-IÄ hn-S-tNm-Zn-¡p-hm³ Xp-S-§n-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶ Im-e-¯m-Wv
1948 Â ‘\o-­ I-hn-I-XÄ’ {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨Xv. F³.hn.Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-b-cpsS ‘\o-­ I-hn-XIÄ’
F¶ X-e-s¡-«v G-sd AÀ-°-h-¯mWv. {l-kzam-b `m-h-Km-\-§-fn \n-¶p-Å a-\-¸qÀ-Æam-b hy-
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Xn-bm\w Im-Wn-¡p-hm³ th-­n-bm-Wv F³.hn. X-sâ I-hn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-§Ä¡v ‘\o-­ I-hn-
XIÄ’ F-¶pw ‘Ip-sd-¡q-Sn \o-­ I-hn-XIÄ’ F-¶pw t]cp-sIm-Sp-¯Xv. ‘\o-­ I-hn-XIÄ’ F-
¶ k-am-lm-c-¯nse ‘H-cp ]-g-b ]m-«v’, ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«v’, ‘F-©n-\obÀ’ F-¶o aq-¶p I-hn-X-
IÄ G-Xm-­v k-am-\-hy-ànXzw ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶-h-bmWv. Xn-I-¨pw b-Ym-X-Y-sa-¶p ]-d-bm-hp-¶ hÀ-
®-\-IÄ-¡n-S-bn tNÀ-¯p-sh-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ Im-ev-]\n-I I-Y-bm-Wv C-Xn-ep-ÅXv. am-bn-Iam-b A-´-
co-£w aq-¶v Im-hy-§-sfbpw s]m-Xn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. I-Y-bv-¡p-Ån-se I-Y aq-¶nepw Im-Wmw. I-Y-
bv-¡p-Ån Im-W-s¸-Sp-¶ I-Y-IÄ Im-ev-]-\n-I-amWv. F-¦nepw A-h-bp-sS B-Zyhpw A-h-km-
\hpw dn-b-en-ÌnIv hn-h-c-W-§Ä \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m Im-ev-]-\n-IX-sb \n-b{- ´n-¡m-\m-hp-
¶p­v. A-Xmb-Xv ]-g-bXpw ]p-Xn-b-Xpam-b km-ln-Xy-co-XnIÄ, X-½n-ep-Å H-cp im-iz-X-k-Jy-amWv
‘H-cp ]-g-b ]m-«n-epw’ ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n’epw ‘F-©n-\o-b’dnepw Im-Wp-¶Xv. “km-t¦Xn-I `m-
j-bn ]-d-ªm dn-b-en-khpw sdm-amân-k-nkhpw X-½n ssI-tImÀ-¯p ]n-Sn-¨p k-©-cn-¡p-
¶ H-cp \n-e-bm-Wv C-Xn-se an-¡ I-hn-X-bv-¡p-ap-ÅXv” F-¶n§-s\ C-¡mcyw Ip-«n-Ir-jv-W-am-cmÀ
hy-à-am-¡p¶p.

tIm-f-dn-Önsâ ‘]-g-b-I-¸-¡m-c³’ (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner) F-¶ I-hn-Xsb HmÀ-½n-¸n-
¡p-¶ I-hn-X-bm-Wv hm-cn-b-cpsS ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’. c-­nepw {]-Ir-Xn-sb I-hn-ªv \nÂ-¡p-
¶ am-bn-Iam-b A-´-co-£-¯n-\m-Wv {]-[m-\yw. c-­pw KÀ-`n-X-I-Y-I-fmWv. ]-g-a-bp-sS {]-Xn-\n-[n-
Ifmb In-g-h-·m-cm-Wv c-­p Im-hy-§-fnepw I-Y ]-d-bp-¶-Xv. C-¯-c-¯n-en-\n-bpw G-sd k-am-\-
XIÄ Cu I-hnX-IÄ-¡p-­v.

 ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’ þ Im-hymÀ°w

cm{Xn-sb Io-dn-ap-dn-¨v Iq-¡n-hn-fn¨p-sIm-­v ap-t¶m«p-t]m-Ip-¶ Xo-h-­n-sb F-Xn-sc-sb-
¯p¶ A-eI-sf h-I-ªp-am-än ap-t¶-dp-¶ Xn-anw-K-e-t¯m-Sv D-]-an¨p-sIm-­mWv ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se
]m«v' B-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xv. IÂ-¡-cn-bm {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Xo-h-­n-bm-b-Xn-\m X-s¶ A-h F-cn-
ª-S-§p-¶-Xn-sâ K-Ôw A-k-l-\o-bamw h-®w h-¶-Sn¨p-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡p¶p. sX-§n³ \n-
cIÄ, IpSn-epIÄ, IpgÂ-s]m§n-b h³ b-{´-im-eI - Ä F-¶o h-i-§-fn-se Im-gv-N-IÄ ]n-im-Np-
I-Ws¡, A-Xn-th-Kw ]n-¶n-te-¡v a-dªp-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡p¶p. A-W-ªh - n-f-¡p-Ifpw km-{µ-X-
tbdn-b AÔIm-chpw `-bm-\-Iam-b H-cp A-´-co-£w kr-ãn-¡p¶p. CXn-s\ ‘»m-¡u«p’ aq-e-an-
cp-­ sdbnÂ-¸m-X-sb-¶v I-hn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. bp-²-Ime-¯v kp-c-£mÀ-°w cm{Xn hn-f-¡p-
IÄ A-W-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-bm-Wv ‘»m-¡u«v’ F-¶Xp-sIm-­À-°-am-¡p-¶Xv. {]-kv-Xp-X]-Zw C-hn-sS
{]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xn \n¶pw A-kz-Øam-b A-´-co£-s¯ kr-ãn-¡m³ I-hn-¡v I-gn-ªp. A-c-­-
sh-fn-¨-¯n I-¯p-¶ hn-f-s¡m-¶p am-{X-am-Wv ]-cnk-cw Im-Wp-¶-Xn-\pÅ D-]m[n. cm-{Xn-bp-sS
X-Wp-¯-em-f-\-tbäp-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m (X-Wp-¯-Im-ä-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mÂ) FÃm-hcpw ]m-Xn-a-b-
¡-¯n-emW.v ]m-Xn-bp-d-¡-¯n s]-s«-¶v I-hn X-sâ k-ao-]-¯n-cn-¡p-¶ hr²-s\ Im-Wp-¶p.

“N-{]-¡p-Sp-a-bpw, tXmÀ-¯p-]p-X¸p, aþ
I-£-¯n shän-e ‘X-¼m-¨n’bpw”

B-bm-Wv A-bmÄ C-cn-¡p-¶Xv. ‘sN-¼n-¨p-IqÀ-¯ Xp-f¨p-t]mw’ I-×n-gn-sb I-hn-bp-sS ap-J-¯À-

¸n-¨v A-cn-In-en-cn-¡p-¶ hr²³ ‘X-¼m¨n’ sa-sÃ-bg
- n-¨v H-cp ]p-kvX-Iw X-¸n-sb-Sp-¯v Ihn-tbm-Sv
]d-ªp:

“t\-cw sh-fp-¡p-hm-\n-Èn-bp-­n-¶n-bpw,
\o-sc-bpd-¡w h-cp-¶p-anÃ;

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 ]m-s«m-s¶-gp-Xn-bn-«p-­p Rm³; hm-bn¡m-
an-ã-am-sW-¦nÂ, ¡hn-X tIÄ-¸m³”
hr-²-sâ I-¿n-se ]p-kvX-Iw Io-dn-ap-jn-ª-Xpw, s]³-kn-em F-gp-Xn-b-X-{Xbpw amªp-t]m-b-
Xp-am-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m Xp-f-¨p-Ib-dp-¶ hr²-sâ Xo-£v-Wam-b I-®n-\v A-Zr-iy-am-bn-s«m-¶p-an-
sÃ-¶p I-hn ]-d-bp¶p. Im-än I-cn-bn-e-bp-­m-¡p-¶ i-Яn-t\m-Spw N{Iw d-bn-en-ep-c-ªo-Sp-¶
H-¨-tbmSpw Iq-Sn-¡-eÀ-¶p sIm-­v hr-²³ ]m-«p-]m-Sm³ Xp-S-§n. »m-¡u-«n-\p-th-­n X-Àa-jn-tX-
¨ a§n-b sh-fn-¨-¯n Xo-h-­n-bp-sS Xm-cm-«p-tI«pw Ip-fnÀ-Im-än-sâ em-f-\ A-\p-`-hn¨pw AÀ-²
kpjp-]v-Xn-bn-te-¡p h-gp-Xn-ho-gp-t¼mÄ N-¯ \q-äm-­p-I-fp-sS {]-Xn-\n-[nbm-b H-cp hr-²³ Xm-
s\-gpXnb ]m-«v hm-bn-¨p tIÄ-¸n-¡m³ kz-bw ap-t¶m-«p-h-cp¶-Xv I-Y-bp-sS A-´-co-£-¯n-te-¡v
hmb-\-¡m-sc A-\m-bm-k-am-bn ]-cn-h-ln-¡m-\p-X-Ip-¶ Im-thym-]m-[n-bmWv.
hr²-sâ ]m-«v
I-Y-bp-sS Im-ehpw tZ-ihpw Xn-I-ª angn-thm-sS A-hn-jv-I-cn¨p-sIm-­v hr²-sâ ]m-«v
Bcw-`n-¡p¶p. {im-h-W-]qÀ®n-a \m-fn aWÂ-t]m-epw a-ª-s¸m-Sn-bm-bn am-dp-¶-X-c-¯n-ep-Å
Cf-sh-bnep-sIm-­v ]m-h-\am-b cm-ta-iz-c-am-Wv ]-Ým-¯ew. A-hn-sS B-fp-IÄ I-SÂ-t]m-se
Xn§n-bn-c-¼n-\nÂ-¡p¶p. ]-e ]-e th-j-`q-jm-Zn-IÄ A-Wn-bp-¶-hÀ-, ]-e ]-e `m-j-IÄ kw-km-cn-
¡p-¶hÀ, ]-e hÀ-¤-¡mÀ F-¶n-hÀ _-en-{In-b-bv-¡m-bn A-hn-sS F-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. Nn-eÀ Xn-c-
Xp-Åp-¶ I-SÂ-sh-Å-¯n-end-§n kv-\m-\-a-\p-jvTn-¡p¶p. Nn-eÀ I-c-bn ]n-Xr-Xp-ãn-¡m-bn _-en-
{Inb \-S-¯p¶p. AI-se I-¨-h-S-¡mÀ Iq-Sm-c-§-fn hn-et]-ip¶p. FÃm-bn-S-¯p-am-bn bm-N-
IÀ A-e-bp-¶p. C§-s\ ]-c-tem-Ihpw C-ltem-Ihpw k-t½-fn-¨m-ep-Å A-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv cm-ta-iz-
cw ]IÀ-¶p \Â-Ip-¶-sX-¶v I-hn ]-d-bp-¶p. F-{X-t¯m-fw k-¦p-ehpw ap-J-c-hpamtWm cm-ta-iz-c-
¯nsâ ]-cn-kcw, A-{X-t¯m-fw G-Im-{Khpw kv-Xw-`n-X-hp-am-bn cm-ta-iz-c ]-Ým-¯ew Xp-SÀ-¶p-
Å `mK¯v am-dp¶p.
C-{X-P-\-k-½À-±-¯n-sâ C-c-¼-en-\n-S-bn H-cp Km-\w D-Zn-¨p h-cp-¶p. I-c-Im-Wm-¡S- -en-sâ
\Sp-hn \n-em-hnÂ-s¸m-´p-¶ a-ª-Wn-aq-SÂ-t]mse-bn-cp-¶p B Km\w. A-{X-t\-c-ap-­m-bn-cp-¶
i-Ð-tIm-em-l-e-§Ä s]-s«-¶v aq-I-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\v B Km-\w Im-c-W-ambn. I-c-bn Iq-Sm-c-§Ä-¡-
cn-In H-cp Ip-d-h³ Ip-g-eq-Xp-¶Xpw Ah-sâ ]m-«p-tI-«v ]m-¼p-IÄ \r-¯a - m-Sp-¶Xpw IuXp-I-
t¯m-sS B-fp-IÄ I­p. Ah-sâ D-d-¨ t]-in-I-fpw, sXm-«m-Â tNm-c sX-dn-¡p-¶ X-c-¯nÂ
Nph¶p sIm-gp-¯p an-\p-¯ i-co-chpw Io-dn-b-Ip-¸m-b-¯n-\n-S-bn-eq-sS km-am-\y-am-bn sh-fn-hm-¡-
s¸-«p. \o-e-\n-d-¯n hn-SÀ-¶p Im-W-s¸-« Ah-sâ a-t\m-l-cam-b I-®p-I-fn \n-¶v a-g-hn-sÃm-
fnbpw an-¶-¸n-Wcpw C-S-bv-¡n-sS B-fn-¡-¯p-¶Xp-t]m-se I-hn-bv-¡v tXm-¶n. Ip-dh-sâ a-Ip-Sn-
bp-sS i-Ð-¯m ]m-¼p-IÄ¡pw a-\p-jy-\p-ap­m-b B-ß-hn-kv-ar-Xn-bm-Wv Xp-SÀ-¶v I-hn ]-d-bp-
¶Xv.

“A-¡p-g-en sN-dp kp-jn-cw h-gnbm-

sbm-gp-Io hn-izhn-tam-l-\-Km\w
sN-än-S, sNän-S `o-Xnh-fÀ¯pw
LÀL-c-tLm-c-kv-X-\n-Xhn-cmhw;
a-\a-Xp tIÄ-s¡ hn-Im-c-X-cwKa-
S-§n a-b-§n-bpd-§o sXÃn-S
]p-\-c-Xn-epÂ-¡-Shn-t£m`§þ
fp-Zn-¨p-]pf-¨p Xn-anÀ-¡p-I-bmbn”
Ip-dh-sâ Ip-g-en-sâ sN-dp-kp-jn-c-¯n-eq-sS hn-izhn-tam-l-\-Km-\-sam-gpIn. C-S-bv-¡n-S-bv-¡v `o-Xn-h-
fÀ-¯p¶ tLm-cam-b C-Sn-ap-g-¡-¯n-sâ i-Ðw t]m-se B Km-\w A-\p-`-h-s¸«p. A-Xp-tI-«-
t¸mÄ ]m-¼p-IÄ hn-Im-c-X-cw-K-a-S-§nbpw a-b-§nbpw D-d-§nbpw hn-t£m-`-§-fp-Zn-¨p ]pf-¨p Xn-
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aÀ-¡m³ Xp-S§n. Ip-dh-sâ Npäpw ]m-¼p-IÄ h¶p. A-h IÂ-¡cn-t]m-sebpw I\-Iw tXmäp-
t]m-Ip-¶Xp-t]m-se-bpw, h-c-I-fp-Å-h-bpw, ]-¯Sn-\o-f-ap-Å-h-bpw, h-®-ap-Å-hbp-sam-s¡-bm-bn-
cp¶p. A-h ]Sw s]m-¡nbpw B-Snbpw Np-cp-¡nbpw `oI-c-tam-l-\ tI-fn-IÄ B-Sn-s¡m-­n-cp¶p.
sNdn-b IÃv \n-Ý-eam-b Ip-f-¯n-ep-­m-¡p-¶ Ne-\w t]m-se Ip-dh-sâ Km-\w \n-Ý-e-am-
bXpw [-c-bn ]-S-hpw Xm-gv-¯n ]m-¼p-IÄ hoWp. `o-I-camb t]mÀ-hn-fn-t]m-se ho­pw Ip-
dhsâ Ip-g-en \n¶pw Km-\w h-¶-tXm-sS ]m-¼p-IÄ ho­pw Nm-Sn-No-än-sb-Wo-äv \r-¯w sN-
¿m³ XpS§n. Ip-dh-sâ ]m-«n ]m-¼p-IÄ am-{X-aà aÀ-¯y-lr-Z-bhpw I-S-en-se A-e-Ifpw Htc-
t]m-se \S-\w sN-¿m³ Xp-S§n. Km-\w \nÀ-¯n-b-tXm-sS ]m-¼p-IÄ Iq-S-bn-te-¡v \p-g-ªp-I-tc-
dm³ XpS§n. H-cp \n-an-jw kv-X-Ï-cm-bn \n-¶ P-\-§Ä X-§-fp-sS A-Ûp-Xhpw B-\-µhpw \nÀ-
¯m-¯ I-¿-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS {]-I-Sn-¸n¨p. ]-«p-I-fpw, th-ãn-I-fpw, B-`-c-W-§-fpw, \m-W-b§
- fpw A-
bmÄ-¡p-Å t{]m-Õm-l-\-am-bn A-hn-sS Ip-an-ªp-IqSn. ]-«p-hn-cn-¨ Iq-Sm-c-¯n {]u-Vn-bnÂ
hm-Wn-cp-¶ H-cp c-Xv-\-hym-]m-cnbpw A-bm-fp-sS ]p-d-In a-dªp-sIm-­v kp-µ-cnbm-b a-Ifpw Ip-
dh-sâ ]m-«v Bkz-Zn¨p-sIm-­n-cp¶p Ip-d-h³. ]m-«p \n-¶-tXm-sS c-Xv-\-hym-]m-cn A-bm-fp-sS ssI-
bn Xn-f-§n-bn-cp¶ ssh-c-¡Â tam-Xn-cw Ip-d-h-\p k-½m-\n¨p. A-bm-fp-sS kp-µ-cnbm-b a-I-fm-
Is«, X-sâ ssIbn In-S-¶n-cp¶ s]m³ h-f-bq-cn bp-hm-hn-\v k-½m-\n¨p. h-f-hm-§p-¶ A-h-k-
c-¯n C-cp-h-cp-sSbpw Zr-ãn-IÄ sI«n-]n-Wªp. F-¶n§-s\ A-h-cp-sS ]-c-kv-]-cm-\p-cm-Kw I-
hn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶p.
B-S-bm-`-c-W-§fmepw ku-µ-cy-¯mepw hn-f-§p¶ B X-cp-Wn, B-\-bp-sS Xp-¼nss¡
IWs¡ I-dp-¯p X-Sn-¨ ssI-I-fp-Å `o-am-Im-cam-b ]n-Xmhn-s\m-¸w a-S§n. ]n-d-In-te-¡v t\m-¡n
A-hÄ Ip-dh-\v k-½m-\n-¨ e-Ö-tbm-Sp-IqSn-b ]p-©n-cn Ip-dh-\v a-säm-cp tem-Iw k-½m-\n¨p.
B\-µ-¯m A-hm-Nyam-sbm-cp A-\p-`q-Xn-bv-¡v A-h³ h-iw-h-Z-\m-bn-¯oÀ-¶p-sh-¶v kmcw. kq-
cy³ D-¨-Øm-bnbn-se-¯n-b-t¸mÄ A¶-s¯ I-fn A-h-km-\n-¸n-¨v Ip-d-h³ A-¶p-In«n-b k-½m-\-
§-sfÃmw s]-dp-¡n-¡q-«p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m A-bm-fp-sS lr-Z-bhpw X-et- ¨mdpw B- kp-µ-cn-
bp-sS ]p-©n-cnbv-¡v A-Sn-a-s¸-«v I-gn-ªn-cp¶p. A-bm-fp-sS sN-bv-Xn-I-sfÃmw A-Xn-\p-ti-jw Xn-
I¨pw bm{´n-I-am-bn-cp¶p. A-bm-fp-sS I-®n A-h-fp-sS ]p-©n-cn am{Xw Pz-en-¨p \n¶p.
hm-\n-sâ \-Sp-hn ]qÀ-®-N-{µ³ A-Wªp. t\-cw ]m-Xn-c-bmbn. F-¶n«pw Ip-dh-sâ Nn-
´-bn A-hÄ am-{X-am-bn-cp¶p. In-S-¡-bn \-h- hn-c-lm-Xp-c\m-b H-cp Im-an-sb-t¸m-se \n-d-I-
S ]qgn-bn ho-W-cp-fp-¶p F-¶n§-s\ Be-¦m-cn-I-am-bn Ip-dh-sâ A-hØ I-hn sh-fn-s¸-Sp-
¯p¶p. ]-I k-ab-¯v P-\-\n-_-Uam-bn-cp-¶ cm-ta-iz-c-I-S¡-c, cm-{Xn-bn P-\-iq-\y-am-bn-¡-
gnªp. Iq-Sm-c-§-fn \n-¶phnd-¨, hn-f-¡p-IÄ t]mepw AXm, s]m-en-bp-I-bmbn. Nn-´-bp-sS
then-tb-äw Ip-d-h-\nepw Im-Wm-\mbn. I-S-en-\p k-ao]-¯p X-s¶-bp-Å iva
- im-\ `q-an-bn-se Nn-X-
Ifpw G-Xm-s­Ãmw X-s¶ sI-«-S-§n-¡-gn-ªn-cp¶p. ‘hnNm-c hnaq-V hn-tem-e lr-Z-´-\mbn'
ihw I-W-¡n\v Ip-dh-s\ Im-W-s¸«p.
sIm-¨p Np-c-¡b
- n Hm-S-¡-¼p-IÄ Xn-cp-In- -Icn-sa-gp-Im kp-jn-c-§Ä A-S-¨p-­m¡n-b
‘aIp-Sn’¡p-g C-S-Xp-I-c-¯n-te-´n Ip-d-h³ Nn-´m-Ip-e-\m-bn-cp¶p. Ah-sâ h-eX - p-I-c-¯nÂ
ImW-s¸-« \o-e-¡Ãp-¸-Xn-¨ a-t\m-l-cam-b h-f ]n-s¶bpw Ah-s\ ]-eXpw Nn-´n-¸n-¨p. ]m-sem-fn-
Nn-X-dp-¶ \n-em-hv B h-f-bn \m-\m-hÀ-® a-co-Nn-IÄ- tNÀ¯p-sIm-­n-cp¶p. A-ev-]w-t]mepw
A\-§m-sX Nn{Xw t]m-se Ip-dh-s\ Im-W-s¸«p. ]n-¶o-sSt´m \n-Ý-bn-¨v X-sâ Ip-g ssI-bn-
ep-bÀ-¯n Np-t­m-Sp-tNÀ¯p. tem-Iw A-t¶m-fw tI-«n-«nÃm-bn-cp-¶ a-t\m-l-c kw-Ko-Xw B a-Ip-
Sn-bn \n¶pw \nÀ-¤-fn¨p. \n-em-hn A-Xv F-§pw A-en-ªp ]-c¶p. Xn-I¨pw \n-i-Ð-am-bn-cp¶
B I-SÂ-¡-c-bn Ah-sâ kw-Ko-Xw D-bÀ-¶p ap-g-§n-t¡«p. Iq-Sm-c-§-fnÂ, kp-jp-]v-Xn-bn-em-­v
t]m-bn-cp-¶-hÀ-¡v A-Xv A-ar-X-[m-c-bm-bn hÀ-¯n¨p. Im-a-¯m ]-c-h-i-cm-bn X-sâ C-WI-sf
tXSn-bn-cp-¶ \oÀ-¸-¶n-IÄ t]m-epw, H-cp \n-an-jw FÃmw ad-¶v Ah-sâ kw-Ko-X-¯n e-bn-¨p
Xoc-aW-ªp C-f-Im-sX In-S¶p. D-Ån-ep-d-ª th-Z-\ hn-d-bmÀ-s¶m-gp-Ip-¶Xp-t]m-se-bp-Å ar-Zp-
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Km-\w Xp-Ån-¸n-S-bp-¶ hn-Im-c-hn-aqÀ-Ñn-Xam-b hn-fn-bm-bn amdn. “hcq, hcq” F-¶ hn-fn B Ip-g-
en \n¶pw \nÀ-¤-fn¨p-sIm-­n-cp¶p. Imäpw km-K-c- Xo-chpw a-e-I-fpw, Xm-c-Ihpw A-¼n-fnbpw
F-´n-\v De-Iw ap-gp-h\pw Cu hn-fn G-äp hn-fn¨p-sIm-­n-cp¶p. ]-c-h-iam-b Cu hn-fn D-d§p-¶-
h-cp-sS DÅ-ap-e-¨p-I-fªp. Ip-dh-sâ th-Z-\-bn a-\p-jy\pw {]-Ir-Xnbpw D-cp-In-t¨À¶p.
Cu am-kv-a-c-kw-Ko-X-[m-c-bn a-Xn ad-¶v kz-]v-\m-S\-¯n-se-¶-t]m-se sN-«n-bm-cp-sS a-IÄ
A-t§m-t«s¡-¯n-t¨À¶p. AÀ-² kp-jp-]v-Xn-bn-em-­n-cp-¶ A-hÄ ]p-©n-cn-bp-am-bn kw-Ko-X-
¯n-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn A-bmÄ-¡p ap-¶n kÀ¸w-t]m-se \r-¯w sN-bvXp. A-h-fp-sS ]m-Zk-cw
s]m-«n-¨n-cn-I-fp-XnÀ¯p-sIm-­v a-Ip-Sn-kw-Ko-X-¯n-\v Cu-Ww ]-IÀ-¶p a-Xn-a-d-¶mSn-b \r-¯¯ - nÂ
A-h-fp-sS t\cn-b sh-Å-¸p-S-h `m-Kn-I-am-bn A-gn-ªp-ap-eªpw Xq-§n-¡n-S¶p. Np-cp-f-I-fm-bn In-
S-¡p¶ A-h-fp-sS Ip´-fw ap-J-t¯-¡v ]m-dp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. s]-cp-In-h-cp-¶ hn-Im-cm-th-Kw
Ipdhsâ X-eb-¡v X-cn-¸p-Ibän. hnIm-c {]-£p-_v-[-\m-bn kw-Ko-Xw ]-S-bv-¡p-Ibpw \r-¯w
Bkz-Zn-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶ Ip-d-h³ A-h-fp-sS ku-µ-cy-¯n a-Xn-a-d-¡p-I-bpw tam-l-\am-b
A-h-fp-sS cq]w sXm-Sp-hm³ a-Ip-Sn-Xm-sg-bn-«v ssI-IÄ \o-«p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. kw-Ko-Xw \n-e-¨ ]m-
sS B X\zn am-b-bn \n-¶p-ap-WÀ-¶p. Xp-SÀ-¶p Npäpw t\m¡n-b A-hÄ Np-S-e-bpw, A-Ô-Im-
chpw \nem-hn-ep-WÀ-¶ Xcp-W i-co-chpw I-­v `-bs - ¸«p. sN-bvXp-t]mb-Xv s]m-dp-¡m-\m-hm-¯
sX-äm-Wv F¶v Xncn-¨-dn-ªv Dd-s¡ A-e-dn-s¡m-­-hÄ tam-lm-ek - y-s¸-«p hoWp. ssI-bn \n-
¶p h-gp-Xn ho-W a-Ip-Sn-sb-Sp¯p-sIm-­v Ip-d-h³ ho­pw kw-Ko-X-am-e-]n-¡p-hm³ Xp-S-§n. B
am-bn-I-{]-`m-h-¯n AhÄ ho­pw F-gp-t¶Â-¡p-Ibpw ]m-Xn-h-gn-bn-e-h-km-\n-¸n-¨ \r-¯w ]p-
\-cm-cw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \r-¯ kw-Ko-X-§-fp-sS e-b-\þam-{´n-I-X ho-­p-a-hn-sS Xp-SÀ¶p.
Km-\w \nÀ-¯n-bm A-h-fp-W-cpw. t]-Sn-¨v ho­pw A-h-fp-sS t_m-[w t]m-Ipw. Po-h³
Xs¶ sh-Sn-tª-¡mw F-¶ Nn-´ A-h-s\ hym-Ip-e-s¸-Sp¯n. A-Xn-\m Ip-d-h³ Km-\w Xp-
SÀ¶p. X-\zn-bmÄ \r-¯hpw Xp-SÀ¶p. Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b \r-¯¯ - m A-hÄ £o-Wn-X-bmbn. ^m-e-
¯n hnbÀ-¸p s]m-Snªp. Xp-SÀ-¨bm-b \n-izm-k-¯n am-dn-S-ap-¨-e-ambn, ssI-Im-ep-IÄ Ip-
gªp. Ipg hn-fn \nÀ¯-Wtam Xp-S-c-Wtam F-¶n-§-s\-bp-Å B-ß-kw-LÀ-jw A-bm-sf
hÃm-sX th«-bm-Sn-s¡m-­n-cp¶p. cm-hn-\v A-dp-Xn-h-cm-dmbn. kq-cy³ DZn-¨p-b-cp-hm-\p-Å X-¿m-sd-
Sp-¸n-em-Wv. tIm-gn-IÄ Iq-In-¯p-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. \r-¯w A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡m³ t\-c-ambn. Ip-gÂ
“hn-S! hnS!” sNmÃn-b-tXm-sS A-hÄ sa-sÃ-bI-¶p Xp-S§n. \q-]p-c-[z-\n-IÄ Iq-Sm-c¯n-sem-
Sp§pw h-sc hn-c-l-¯n-sâ ar-Zp-cmKw Ip-d-h³ B-e] - n¨p-sIm-­n-cp¶p. s\-SpXm-b hoÀ-¸p-I-tfm-
sS-bpw, s\-än-bn ap¯--Wn-ª thÀ-¸p-I-tfm-sS-bpw, I-®n-se I-®p-\o-tcm-sSbpw I-SÂ-h-¡-
s¯-¨p-S-eb - n iq-\y lr-Z-´-\m-bn G-sd ka-bw A-h-\n-cp-¶p.
Iq-Sm-c-§-fn-se B-fp-IÄ D-WÀ¶p, hn-f-¡p-IÄ sX-fn-ªp, km-K-c-Xo-cw ip-²am-b XoÀ-
° \m-a-P-]-¯m ap-J-cn-X-ambn. C-{]-Im-cw cm-ta-iz-cw ]«-Ww A-Xn-sâ Xn-c-¡n-te¡v Du-fn-
bn«p. A\m-Y-am-bn ]q-gn-bn ho-Wp In-S-¡p¶ B a-Ip-Sn-bn-te-¡v t\-¡n Ip-d-h³ H-cp-]m-Sv t\-c-
an-cp¶p. ti-jw F-cn-ª-S-§n-s¡m-­n-cp-¶ ]-«-Sbn-sem-¶n-te-¡v A-h³ B Ip-g h-en-s¨-dn-
ªp. AÂ-]-t\-cw ]pI-ªv B-fn-¡¯n-b Ip-g-en \n-¶v ]p-d-t¯-¡v DÂ-¡-Samb tim-I-`m-c-
¯m A-hy-àamb tim-I-Km-\w H-gp-In h¶p.
hr²³ ]m-Snb Ihn-X C-hn-sS A-h-km-\n-¡p¶p. A-Sp-¯ tÌ-j³ F-¯n-bX - n-\m h-
­n-bp-sS th-K-X Ip-d-bp-I-bmbn. am-bn-I-tem-Iw hn-«v Xoh-­n hy-h-km-b-bp-K-¯n-se km-[m-c-W-
X-bn h-¶p \n-ev-¡p¶p. AÀ-²-t_m-[m-h-Ø-bn ]-cn-k-c-s¯-bm-sI he-bw sN-¿p-¶ am-bn-
Im-´-co-£-am-Wv Ir-Xn-bp-sS B-cw-`-¯n Im-Wp-¶Xv. I-hn-X-bnse Cu am-bn-Im-´-co-£-¯nÂ
\n¶v hm-b\- -¡mc-s\ b-YmÀ-° ]-cn-Xx-Øn-Xn-bn-te-¡v ]p-\-cm-hm-ln-¡p-I-bm-Wv k-am-]-\-¯nÂ
F³.hn. \-S-¸m-¡p-¶Xv. Xoh­n Hm-«-a-h-km-\n-¸n-¨-t¸mÄ “]n¶o-Sv ImWmw” F¶p ]-dªp-sIm-
­m-Wv hr-²³ C-cp-«n-en-d-§n-am-bp¶p. Xoh­n A-Xn-sâ {]-bm-Ww Xp-S-cp¶p. Ihn, At¸mgpw
hr²³ kr-ãn¨ tem-I-¯p-\n¶pw Xn-cn-¨p-h-cp-hm-\mI-msX kvX - w-`n-¨p \nÂ-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p.
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 Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n-se Im-ev-]-\n-I-L-S-I-§Ä
sdm-amân-Iv I-hnX-I-tfm-Sv Km-Vam-b A-\p-cm-K-ap-Å I-hn-bm-Wv Ir-jv-W-hm-cnbÀ. A-Xn-
\m A-t±-l-¯n-sâ I-hn-X-bn Im-ev-]-\n-I-X I-S-¶p-h-cp-¶p­v. sdm-amân-Iv I-hn-X-tbm-Sv hn-S-]-
d-bm³ hn-j-a-ap-Å Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-bÀ hm-\n Xn-f-§p-¶ sh-Ån-\-£-{X-t¯m-Sv a-®n th-cq¶n-
b ]pÂ-s¡m-Sn-¡p-Å A-\p-cm-Kw {]m-tbm-Kn-I hn-P-b-am-hn-sÃ-¶-dn-ªp sIm-­v B Km-V\p-cmK-
s¯ DÅn-sâ D-Ån Ip-gn-¨p-aqSn. a-®n th-cq-¶nb-h-tbm-Sv a-a-X ]p-eÀ-¯n hmWp. C-¡m-c-W-
¯m sdm-amân-k-¯n-sâbpw dn-b-en-k-¯n-sâbpw L-S-I-§Ä F³.hn.bn I-­p-h-cp¶p. dn-b-
en-k-¯n \n-¶m-cw-`n-¨v sdm-amân-k¯n-t\m-sSm-¸w tNÀ-¶v Xn-cn-¨v dn-b-en-k-¯n-te-¡pX-s¶ F-
¯p¶ L-S-\-bm-Wv Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n-\p-ÅXv. {]-kvXp-X Ir-Xn-bn-se Im-ev-]-\n-Imw-i-s¯-¡p-dn-
¨v H-cp A-h-temI-\w \-S-¯mw.
AÀ-²-kp-jp-]v-Xn-bn-te-¡v h-gp-Xn-hoWp-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶ k-a-b-¯m-Wv hr-²³ X-sâ ]m-«p-
am-bn ap-t¶m-«p-h-¶Xv-. hr²-sâ ]m-«p-Xp-S-§p-t¼mÄ cm-ta-iz-c-¯n-sâ hÀ-®-\-bn am-bn-Iam-b
A-´-co-£w s]m-Xn-ªn-cn-¡p¶-Xp Im-Wmw. aWen-s\ ‘a-ªs - ¸m-Sn’bmbpw aäpw I-ev-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-
¶-Xn \n¶pw am-bn-Iam-b A-´-co£-s¯ ZÀ-in-¡m-\mhpw. hr²-sâ ]m-«n-ep-S-\o-fw Im-ev-]-\n-
I- I-Y-bm-Wv Im-Wp-¶Xv. Km-\-I-ebpw \r-¯I - -ebpw km-ln-Xy-hp-saÃmw k-t½-fn-¡p-I-bm-Wv
hr²sâ ]m-«nÂ. C{]-Im-cw Km-\-¯n\pw \r-¯¯ - n\pw {]m-[m\yw \Â-Ip-¶ co-Xn Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-
bp-sS kz-`m-h-amWv.

“\o-e-\n-d-¯n hn-SÀ-s¶m-ch-sâ hnþ

tem-N-\-bp-K-fn-bn \n-¶p an-S-bv-¡nsSþ
bm-fn-¡-¯p-¶Xp-t]mÂ-t¯m¶o
a-g-hn-sÃm-fnbpw an-¶Â-]n-W-cpw”
\o-e-\n-d-¯n hn-SÀ-¶p Im-W-s¸-« Ah-sâ a-t\m-l-cam-b I-®p-I-fn \n-¶v a-g-hn-sÃm-fnbpw
an¶Â¸n-Wcpw C-S-bv-¡n-sS B-fn-¡-¯p-¶Xp-t]m-se I-h-n-bv-¡v tXm¶n. a-g-hn-sÃm-fnbpw an-¶Â-
¸n-Wcpw Im-Wp¶-Xv H-tc I-®p-I-fn-emWv. C-hn-sS Xm-\m-Wv {]-]-©-tI-{µ-_n-µp-sh¶pw kr-ãn-
Øn-Xn-kw-lm-c-IÀ-¯m-sh-¶p-apÅ sdm-amân-¡Â hym-tam-l-am-Wv Im-Wp-¶-sX-¶v Fw.]n. i-¦p-
®n-\m-bÀ A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.

“A-¡p-g-en³ sN-dp-kp-jn-cw h-gnbmþ

sbm-gp-Io hn-iz hn-tam-l-\-Km\w
þþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþþ
fp-Zn-¨p ]pf-¨p Xn-aÀ-¡p-I-bmbn”

F-¶ h-cn-I-fn-se ‘hn-izhn-tam-l-\-Km\w’ F-¶ {]-tbm-K-hpw ‘a-\-a-Xp-tIÄ-t¡....... Xn-aÀ-¡p-I-

bmbn’ F-¶ h-cn-Ifpw sdm-amân-Iv I-hn-X-bp-sS sF-{µ-Pm-en-Iam-b am-bn-I-X-bp-­m-¡p-¶ A-\p-
`qXn hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡v e-`y-am-¡p-¶p­v. C§-s\ ]m-¼p-I-sfbpw a-\p-jy-scbpw B-Ëm-Z-¯n-aÀ-¸n-
emSn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶ B-IÀ-j-Wo-bam-b Cu tam-l-\-Imhyw im-iz-X-a-sÃ-¶v A-dn-bp-¶ Ihn;
Imev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS am-bn-I-X-I-fp-sS C-S-bnepw tLm-jm-£-c-§Ä sIm-­v Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bv-¡v
Iq¨nhn-e-§-nSp-¶-Xp Im-Wmw. ‘LÀL-c-tLm-c-kv-X-\n-X-hn-cmhw’ F-¶ {]-tbm-Kw C-Xm-Wv sX-fn-
bn-¡p-¶Xv. Km-\-¯n-\-\p-k-cn-¨v B-Sp-¶ \m-K-§-fp-sS hÀ-®-\-bn-epw aäpw Cu Ihn-X k-hn-ti-
j-{i²-bm-IÀ-jn-¡p¶p. km-¦-ev-]n-Iam-b H-cp tem-I-¯n X-s¶ hn-i-Zmw-i-\n-jv-IÀ-j-tbm-sS
hym]-cn¡p-I F¶-Xv sdm-amân-Iv `m-h-\-bp-sS k-hn-ti-j-kz-`m-h-am-sW¶v tIm-f-dn-Öv A-`n-{]m-b-
s¸-Sp-¶p­v. {]m-Ir-X-hn-Im-c-§-fp-sS {]-Xo-Iam-b kÀ-¸-¯n-sâ I-cm-f-ku-µcyw sdm-amân-¡p-I-

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fpsS k-hnti-j t{]-a-¯n-\v hn-j-b-am-sW¶pw A-hÀ I-ev]-\m tem-I-hn-lm-cn-I-fm-sW-¦nepw
hkv-Xp-X-I-fn \n-jv-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶pw {]-kv-Xp-X-`m-Kw hy-à-am-¡p-¶p­v.
Ip-dh-sâ ]m-«n ]m-¼p-IÄ am-{X-aà aÀ-¯y-lr-Z-bhpw I-S-en-se A-eI - fpw Hcp-t]m-se
\S\w sN-¿m³ Xp-S-§n. sdm-amân-Iv I-hn-Xbp-sS `m-h-\m-{]]-©w kr-ãn-¨ B-ß-hn-kv-am-c-Iam-
b Xo-{hm-\p-`q-Xn-bm-Wv Km-b-I³ Ip-g-eq-Xp-t¼mÄ ]m-¼p-IÄ¡pw a-\p-jyÀ-¡p-ap­m-b B-ß-hn-
kv-ar-Xn-bn Zr-iy-am-Ip-¶Xv. Km-\w \nÀ-¯n-b-t¸mÄ ]m-¼p-IÄ Iq-S-bn-te-¡v \pg-ªp I-bdn.
Iq-Sn-\n¶ P-\-§Ä X-§-fp-sS A-Ûp-Xhpw B-\-µhpw \nÀ-¯m-sX I-¿-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS {]-I-Sn-¸n¨p.
]«pw th-ãn-Ifpw B-`-c-§-fpw \m-W-b-§fpw A-bmÄ-¡p-Å t{]m-Õm-l-\-am-bn A-hn-sS-¡qSn. c-
Xv-\-hym-]m-cn ssh-c¡Â-tam-Xn-c-hpw A-bm-fp-sS a-IÄ s]m³ h-fbpw Ip-dh-\v k-½m-\n¨p. F-
¶m Cu k-½m\-§-sfm-¶p-aà Ip-dh-s\ B-IÀ-jn-¨Xv. c-Xv-\-hym-]m-cn-bp-sS a-IÄ \ÂInb e-
Ö-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b ]p-©n-cn Ip-dh-\v a-sämcp tem-Iw X-s¶ k-½m-\n¨p. P-\-k-aq-l-¯n \n¶pw
kz-bw \njv-Im-kn-X\mb sdm-amân-Iv I-hn P-·-km-^eyw I-s­-¯p¶-Xv k-¦-ev-]-Im-an-\n-bp-sS a-
µ-kv-an-X-¯n-emWv. am-tem-I-cp-sS kw-`mh-\-sIm-s­m¶pw A-bmÄ kp-ln-X-\m-Ip-¶nÃ.

“B-\-¯p-¼n IW-¡p I-dp¯p

X-Sn-s¨m-cp ssI-bn hn-c-en hn-f-§pw”

“`o-a-mIr-Xnbmw P-\I-\p ]n-¶nÂ

¡-\y-I \-S-sIm-Åp-I-bm-bv eÖm”
F-¶n§-s\ tZ-l-{]-Ir-Xn kw-_-Ôn-¨ hn-ti-j-W§Ä-sIm-­v c-Xv-\-hym-]m-cn-sb kzÂ-]w ]-cn-
lm-k-§Ä-¡v hn-jb - -am-¡n-bn-«p-­v. A-bmÄ Zm-\-io-e\pw k-c-f kz-`m-h-\p-amWv. F-¶n«pw C-{]-
Im-c-sam-cp ]-cn-lm-kw Im-ev-]-\n-I-I-hn-IÄ FÃmhn-[ {]-`p-Xz-s¯bpw A-[n-Im-c-s¯bpw tNm-
Zyw-sN-¿p-¶p F-¶-Xn-te-¡v \-bn-¡p-¶p. C-¯c - -¯n-seÃmw hr²-sâ ]m-«n Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS
Awi-§Ä Im-Wp¶p. Km-\-I-e-bp-sSbpw \r-¯-I-e-bp-sSbpw ]-cm-aÀ-i-§Ä {]-kvXp-X Im-hy-
s¯ Im-ev-]-\nI-X-tbm-Sv Iq-Sp-XÂ A-Sp-¸n-¡p-¶p. Km-\-I-eb - p-sSbpw \r-¯I - -eb
- p-sS-bpw {]-Xo-I-
§Ä km-ln-Xy-_m-ly-§-fm-sW-¦nepw sdm-amân-Iv I-hn-IÄ-¡v {]n--b¦-c-§-fmWv.

 ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n’se A-Im-ev-]-\n-I-{]-h-W-XIÄ

‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n-’sâ B-Zyhpw A-´y-hpw dn-e-Ìn-Iv hn-h-c-W-§-fm-Wv I-hn \Â-In-bn-
cn-¡p-¶Xv. Im-ev-]-\n-Iam-b hr-²-sâ ]m-«n-s\ Xn-I¨pw \n-b-{´n-¡p¶-Xv Im-hym-cw-`-¯nepw A-
´y-¯nepw {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶ dn-b-en-Ìn-Iv {]-hWXbmWv.

“Iq-cn-cpÄ Io-dn-¡p-Xn-¡-bm-bv ap-t¶m«p

Iq-¡n-hn-fn¨p-sIm-­m-hn-h-­n,
C-¯-c-km-K-c \o-cw ]n-f-À-s¶mcp
Iq-ä³ Xn-anwK-ew \o-´pw-t]mse
\m-ä-ap-bcpw I-cn-\n-ehpw aWÂ
¯n-«n-ep-cp-fp-a-e-¡-Sepw
sX-§n³ \n-c-IÄ, Ip-Sn-ep-I-fpw, IpgÂ
s]m-§n-b h³ b-{´-im-e-Ifpw
a-§n-, bn-cp-fn ]n-im-Np-¡-sf-t¶m-W
sa-t§mt«m ]m-ªp ad-ªp ]n-¶n”
`o-I-c-hpw, a-en-\-hpw, b-{´-hÂ-¡r-X-hpam-b hÀ-¯-am-\-Im-e-s¯-Ip-dn-¡p-¶ {]-kv-Xp-X-Im-hy-
`mKw Xn-I-¨pw b-Ym-X-Y-sa-¶p ]-d-bm-hp-¶-XmWv. C-¯-c-¯n A-Im-ev-]-\n-Iam-b hÀ-¯-am-\-
Ime-s¯ B-hn-jv-I-cn¨p-sIm-­v I-hn Im-ev-]-\n-Iam-b `q-X-I-m-e-¯n-te¡pw A-hn-sS-\n-¶v
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ho­pw Xn-cn-¨v A-I-em-]-\n-Ihpw b-Ym-X-Y-hpam-b hÀ-¯-am-\-Im-e-¯n-te¡pw Xn-cn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xm-
Wv Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n-sâ LS-\.
`m-jm{]-tbm-K-¯n Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-bÀ Im-ev-]-\n-I-I-hn-I-fn \n-¶v h-f-sc-tb-sd AI-¶v
\nÂ-¡p¶p. Im-ev-]-\n-I-cp-sS ar-Zpehpw A-ew-Ir-X-hpam-b `m-j-bv-¡p ]I-cw A-t±-lw Ir-Xyam-
b AÀ-°w hy-à-am-¡p-¶Xpw ]-e-t¸mgpw ]-cp-¡-s\-¶v ]-d-bm-hp-¶-Xpam-b `m-j {]-tbm-Kn¨p. a-
e-bm-fhpw kw-kv-Ir-Xhpw Cw-¥ojp-sam-s¡ I-eÀ-¶ H-cp k-¦-c-`m-j-bm-Wv F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-X-
I-fn Im-Wp-¶Xv. »m-¡u«v, Iq-In-hn-fn¨p-sIm-­m-hn-h­n, Im-©-\-`q-j-W-Q-WQ-Ww
F¶n§s\ Cw-¥ojpw \m-S³ ]-Z-§fpw kw-kv-Ir-X-hp-saÃmw Iq-Sn-¡p-g-ª `m-jm-co-Xn-bm-Wv
Xoh-­n-bn-se ]m-«n Im-Wp-¶Xv. Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS ar-Zphpw A-ew-Ir-X-hp-am-b `m-j-bnÂ
\n¶pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-WnXv. hn-ti-j-W-§-fp-sS {]-tbm-K-¯n an-¡-hmdpw kw-kvIr-X k-a-kv-X-]-
Z-§-fm-Wv Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-bÀ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. ‘tlm-a-k-ap-Öz-e-sam-Uym-Ww’, ‘LÀL-c-tLm-c-
kv-X\n-X hn-cm-hw’ F¶n-h ]mT-`mK-s¯ D-Zm-l-c-W§Ä. hm-cn-bÀ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ ]-Z-L-S-
\bpw e-fn-XaÃ. \o-­p \o-­p t]m-Ip-¶ k-a-kv-X-]-Z-§Ä I-hn-X-bn-em-sI \nd-ªp \nÂ-¡p¶p.
1. ss\-io-Yio-X k-a-o-cW-em-f\
2. LÀL-c-tLm-c-kv-X-\n-X-hn-cm-hw
3. lÀ-jhn-Ikz-c km-[p-[z-\n-I-fp-Zn-Xz-c-l-kv-tXm-¯m-f-\n-\m-Zw
4. hn-Nm-c-hnaq-V hn-tem-e-lr-Z-´³
5. tl-a-k-ap-Öz-e-sam-Uym-Ww
6. a-tZm-ev-¡-S-b-a-`-S-\r¯w

C-{]-Im-cw [m-cm-fw D-Zm-l-c-W§Ä ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n’ Im-Wmw. hm-b-\-¡m-sc kw-_-Ôn-¨n-

S-t¯m-fw Im-ev-]-\nI-X-tbm-Sp-Å \n-tj-[w F-¶ \n-e-bn am-{X-ta C-§-s\-bp-Å {]-tbm-K§-
sf km-[q-I-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-I-bpÅq. G-Xm-bm-epw Im-ev-]-\n-I I-hn-X-bp-sS {i-h-W-kp-Jhpw amÀ-
Z-hhpw Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-b-cp-sS I-hn-X-bn \n-¶v A-{]-Xy-£-am-Im³ C-sXÃmw Im-c-W-am-bn.
X-¶n-se sdm-amân-Iv Awi-s¯ h-än-¡p-Ibpw Nm-¼-em-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶ {]-{In-b
F³.hn.sb kw-_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw th-Z-\m-P-\-I-amWv. F-¦nepw I-hn A-Xv sN-¿p¶p. kz-´w
Imhy-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Hm-PÊpw tX-PÊpw \n-e-\nÀ-¯m³ H-cp B-ßmwi-s¯ ap-dn-¨v \o-¡p-¶ i-
kv-{X-{In-b-bn-eq-sS km-[y-am-Ip-t¼mÄ A-Xn-\v th-Z-\ H-cp {]-iv-\-a-sÃ-¶v C-¡m-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v
tUm.Fw.eo-emh-Xn A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’ F¶ I-hn-X-bn-se I-Ym-\m-b-
I\mb Km-bI-sâ [À-½-k-¦-Shpw [o-cam-b Xo-cp-am-\hpw C-Xn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. X-sâ ]m-«n-sâ
iàn-sIm-­pX-s¶ Km-b-I³ X-cp-Wn-sb A-h-fp-sS Iq-Sm-c-¯n-te-¡v Xn-cn-¨-b-¡p¶p. b-YmÀ-°-
¯n C-hn-sS Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS ambm-tem-I-¯p-\n¶pw ssI-c-fn-bm-Ip-¶ I-\yI-sb ]g-b-ho-«n-
te-¡v Xn-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-I-bm-Wv hm-cn-bÀ sN-bv-XXv. ]n-¶o-Sv B Hm-S-¡p-g I-¯p-¶ Xo-bn-te-¡v h-en-
s¨-dn-bp¶p. hf-sc th-Z-\m-P-\-Iam-b Ir-Xy-am-WnXv. A-{X-bv-¡v A-h-fn A-\p-c-à-\mWv A-
bmÄ. F¦nepw G-sd [o-c-ambpw {I-qc-ambpw A-bmÄ¡-Xv sN-t¿-­n h¶p. B Km-Vm-\p-cmK-
s¯ DÅnsâ D-Ån Ip-gn-¨p-aq-tS-­-Xm-bn h¶p. am-b-bn \n¶pw a-®n-te-¡v h¶p. ChnsS
I-hn bYmÀ-°-¯n sdm-amân-Iv `m-h-\-sb-bm-Wv bm-YmÀ-°y-¯n-sâ A-án-Pzm-e-bn-te-¡v h-en-
s¨-dn-ªXv. hr²-sâ I-Y Xo-cp-¶-tXm-sS Ihn-X hÀ-¯-am-\-Im-e-¯n-te-¡v h-cp¶p. sdm-amân-k-
¯n \n-¶v dn-b-en-k-¯n-te-¡p-Å Xn-cn-¨p-h-c-en Ihn-X A-h-km-\n-¡p¶p.

 Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n-sâ k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ

a-äp Im-ev-]\n-I Im-hy§-sf A-t]-£n-¨v G-sd {]-tXy-I-X-IÄ A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sm-hp-¶ I-hn-
X-bm-Wv ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’. {]-kv-Xp-X-I-hn-X-bp-sS {]-tXy-I-XI-sf C-{]-Im-cw t{Im-Uo-I-cn-
¡mw:
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]pXn-b I-Ym-Km-\-§Ä (Lyrical Ballads)
`m-h-Km-\-§-fp-sS {]-tXy-I-X A-h-bn G-sX-¦nepw H-cp hn-Im-c-¯n-sâ B-fn-¡-¯Â
ImWp-¶p F-¶-XmWv. A-hb-¡v H-cp Po-hn-Xm-hØ-sb Nn-{Xo-I-cn¡p-I km-[yaÃ. Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-
bp-sS B-ßm-em-]-I-hn-X-I-sf-¡mÄ DÄ-¡-«n-bp-Å-Xm-bn Ihn-X am-d-W-sa-¦n Po-hn-Xm-h-Ø-IÄ
Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡m³ km-[y-am-IWw. C-¡m-c-W-¯m F³.hn. X-sâ I-Y-bp-Å I-hn-X-IÄ A-h-X-cn-
¸n-¡m³ h-S-¡³-]m-«p-I-fp-sS cq-]w tX-Sn-¸n-Sn¨p. C-{]-Im-cw ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å ]pXn-b
At\z-j-Wam-bn F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-X-IÄ am-dp¶p. Nn-´bpw A-e-¦m-chpw hn-«v hn-Im-c-¯n\pw
IY-bv¡pw {]m-[m-\yw \ÂIn-b I-hn-X-bm-Wv I-Ym-Km-\-§Ä. a-e-bm-f-¯n-se I-YmKm-\ am-Xr-I-
Ifm-b h-S-¡³-]m-«p-I-fn-se B-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw, I-Ym-am-{X]c-X-bpw, Øq-e-Xbpw A-\p-I-cn-¡m-
sX `m-h-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\w sIm-­v `m-j-bv-¡p ssI-h-¶n-«p-Å kq-£v-a-\n-th-Z-\ Iui-ew Iq-Sn D-
]-tbm-Kn-¨p ]-g-b ]m-«p-I-fp-sS co-Xn ]-cn-jv-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv F³.hn. sN-bv-XXv. “X-§Ä B-hn-jv-
I-cn-¡p¶ ]pXn-b Nn-´-I-sfbpw hn-Im-c-§-sfbpw L-Sn-¸n-¨v G-I-L-S-\am-b H-cp I-Y-tbm, AXp-
t]mse hÃXp-tam, D-­m-Ip¶-Xv \Ã-Xm-sW-¶p ]-eÀ¡pw A-\p-`-h-s¸«p. ]-g-b I-Ym-Km-\-§-fp-
sS ]pXn-b ]-Xn-¸p-I-fp-­m-bn-¯p-S§n. C-h-bn `m-jbpw {]-Xn-]m-Z-\hpw I-gn-bp¶-{X k-c-f-§-
fm-¡n-b-tXm-sS {]m-Y-an-I-§fpw kÀ-h-i-à-§-fpam-b ]-I, A-kq-b, Im-aw ap-Xem-b Xo-£v-W-hn-
Im-c-§Ä tNÀ-¯n-W-¡p-hm\pw {i-a-ap-­mbn. C-Xn-sâ-sbÃmw ^-ea - m-bn ]-g-b P-\-Km-\-§-fp-sS
cq]hpw ]pXn-b km-aq-lym-i-b-§-fp-ap-Å I-hn-X-IÄ a-e-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-¯n D-f-hm-bn”
F¶n§s\ C-¡mcyw F³.hn. Irjv-W-hm-cnbÀ sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p.
F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-X-I-fn K-Wyam-b H-cp `m-Kw I-Ym-I-hn-X-I-fm-Ip¶p. sN-dp-Xpw h-ep-
Xpw tZ-io-bhpw hn-tZ-in-b-hpw {]m-tZ-in-bhpw ]-c-tZ-in-bhpw \-ho-\-hpam-b I-YIÄ. “I-Y-I-fp-
sS A´-co-£w k-a-kv-X-hn-i-Zmwi-§-tfmSpw Iq-Sn H-¸n-sb-Sp-¯v io-e-s¸m-Sn-bm-¡n A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨v
hmb-\-¡m-sc A-t§m-«p ]-cn-hl-\w sN-¿p-¶Xn F³.hn. Im-Wn-¡p-¶ Iu-iehpw \n-j-IÀ-j-
bp-amWv I-Ym-I-hn-X-I-fn-seÃmw km-am-t\y-\ F-Sp-¯p-]-d-bm-hp-¶ H-cp k-hn-tijX”. F-¶n§-
s\ F³.hn.bp-sS I-Ym-I-hn-X-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v ]n.F. hm-cn-bÀ A-`n-{]m-bs - ¸-Sp¶p. F³.hn.bpsS ‘H-
cp ]g-b]- m-«v’, ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’, ‘F-©n-\o-bÀ’, ‘H-cp ]-g¦-Y’ F-¶o I-hn-X-I-fn-seÃmw I-Ym-
K-\-§-fp-sS kz-`m-h-am-Wv Im-Wp-¶Xv. I-Y-bp-Å I-hn-X-IÄ a-e-bm-f-¯n Im-ev-]\n-I {]-Øm-\-
Im-e¯pw Im-Wp-¶-XmWv. F-¶m IY-sb {]-[m-\-am-¡p-Ibpw I-hn-X-bp-sS a-äp-L-S-I-§Ä
IYm-t]m-j-W-¯n-\m-bn \n-b-{´n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶-Xv F³.hn.bp-sS {]-tXy-I-X-bmWv. `m-hm-hn-
jv-I-c-W-s¯-¡mfpw A-e-¦m-c-hÀ®\I-sf-¡mfpw kw-`-h-¯n\pw kw-`-h-]-cn-Wm-a-§-fn \n-¶p-
f-hm-Ip¶ DÂ-¡-WvT-IÄ¡pw A-h-bp-sS km-´z-\-¯n\pw {]m-ap-Jy-ap-­mbn. F³.hn.bp-sS B-
ZyIme ]-co-£-W-§-fn I-Y-bv-¡p \ÂIn-b {]m-[m\yw C-¶v Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw hr-¯-
s¯bpw aäp cq-]-\n_-Ô-§-sfbpw sNmÃn-bp-Å hm-in D-t]-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp.
I-Y-bv-¡p-Ån-se I-Ybpw hr-¯-¯n-\p-Ån-se hr-¯-hpw
‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m«v’ F-¶ I-Y Xp-S-§p¶-Xv a-RvP-cn co-Xn-bn H-cp km-[m-c-W sd-
bnÂsh tÌ-j-\n \n-¶p Xo-h-­n bm-{X-tbm-sS-bmWv. im-kv-{X-hy-hkm-b bp-K-¯n-se \m-ä-ap-
b-cp-¶ I-cn-\n-ehpw Ip-g s]m-§p-¶ b-{´-im-e-I-fpw »m-¡u«pw aäpw ]n-¶n«v, I-hn-bm-Ip-¶
bm-{X-¡m-c³ AÀ-²-kz-]v-\-¯n-te-¡v {]-th-in-¡p¶p. I-hn t{im-Xmhpw h-àm-hp-am-bn am-dp¶p.
I-Y a-säm-cp cwK-¯n-te-¡v am-dp¶p. ]n-Xr-]q-P-bv-¡p-Å ]p-Wy-Ø-eam-b cm-ta-iz-c-s¯-¯p-
t¼mÄ I-Y-bv¡pw Xo-h-­n¡pw th-Kw hÀ-²n-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. C-hn-sS a-Rv-P-cn-bnÂ
\n¶pw Ihn-X th-Kw IqSn-b X-cw-Kn-Wn-bn-te-¡v I-S-¡p¶p. I-Y-bv-¡p-Ån I-Ybpw hr-¯-¯n-
\p-Ån hr-¯hpw tNÀ¯v `m-h-¯n-sâ K-Xn-th-K-X-bn ssh-Nn-{Xyw h-cp-¯p-Ibpw A-Xn-eq-sS
ho-£W tIm-Wn hyXym-k-ap-­m-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶ co-Xn hm-cn-b-cp-sS {]-tXy-I-X-bmWv.

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F©n-\nbÀ, ]-g-b-]m-«v apX-em-b- Im-hy-§-fnepw I-Y-bv-¡p-Ån-se I-Ybpw hr-¯-¯n-\p-Ån-se
hr-¯hpw Im-Wm³ km[n¡pw. Zq-c-ew-L-\-¯n\pw hy-àm-hn-sâ hn-izm-ky-X-bv¡pw ‘I-Y-bnÂ
I-Y’ D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¶p.
\n-Ýn-Xam-b e-£y-§Ä ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-¡p-¶ Ihn-X
‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n’Â hr-²\m-b bm-{X-¡m-c³ Ip-d-h-bp-hm-hn-sâ {]W-b-thZ-\ Nn-{Xo-I-
cn-¡p¶p. Ah-sâ Ip-g-eq-¯p-tI-«v cm-{Xn-bn tam-ln-X-bm-bn A-W-ª h-Wn-I-]p-{Xn-sb ]p-ecp-
thm-fw A-h³ kw-Ko-X-c-k-¯n B-dm-Sn¨p. hÀ-K-]-cam-b A´-cw sIm-­v A-hÄ X-\n-¡v A-
{]m-]y-bm-sW-¶p a-\-Ên-em¡n-b Ip-d-h³ cm-K-tlXphm-b Ip-g F-cn-bp-¶ Nn-X-bn h-en-s¨-dn-
bp¶p. A-hn-sS Ip-d-h-bp-hm-hn-sâ {]-Xn-tj-[w \-ap-¡v Im-Wm³ I-gn-bpw. C-¯c - -¯n hÀ-¤-
hyXym-k-¯n-sâ I-Y Iq-Sn ]-d-bm-sX ]-d-bp-¶p­v ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«v’. B-Jym-\-]-cam-b I-hn-
X-IÄ F-gp-Xp-t¼mgpw tI-h-eam-b I-Y-]-d-b-en\pw hn-Im-c-{]-I-S-\-¯n-\p-a-¸p-dw \n-Ýn-Xam-b Nn-e
e£y-§Ä h-¨p-]p-eÀ-¯m³ I-gn-bp-¶p-sh-¶-Xm-Wv F³.hn.I-hn-X-I-fp-sS ta-·.
A-]-cn-lm-cyam-b kz-bw]oU-\w
IÀ-¯-hy-¯n-sâ A-\n-hm-cy-X-bmep-Å A-]-cn-lm-cyam-b kz-bw ]o-U\-am-Wv ‘Xo-h-­n-
bnse ]m-«n'se {]-ta-b-sa-¶v ]-d-bmw. Ip-dh-sâ a-Ip-Sn-bp-sS am-kv-a-c i-àn I-­ c-Xv-\-hym-]m-
cnbpw a-Ifpw b-Ym-{I-aw c-Xv\ - -tam-Xn-chpw c-Xv-\-h-f-I-fpw Ip-dh-\v k-½m-\n¨p. AÀ-²-cm-{Xn-bnÂ
iv-a-im-\-`q-an-¡-Sp-¯v G-Im-In-bm-bn Dd-¡w h-cm-Xn-cp-¶ I-pd-h³ c-Xv\-h-f k-½m\n¨ B ssI-I-
tfbpw B apJ-s¯ a-µ-kv-ta-c-s¯bpw a-d-¡m-\m-hm-sX h-e-ªp. A-h³ X-sâ Ip-g-se-Sp-¯v
Hcp am-kv-a-c-Km-\w B-e-]n-¨p. “hcq! h-cq!” F-¶ hn-fn-tI-«v am-kv-a-c-\n-{Z-bn A-hÄ F-gp-t¶-äp
\S¶p \r-¯w XpS§n. Km-\w \n-e-¨-t¸mÄ A-h-fp-WÀ-¶v `-b-N-In-X-bm-bn t_m-[a-äp hoWp. A-
bmÄ ho­pw a-Ip-Sn-sb-Sp-¯p. Km-\-X-cw-Kn-Wn ]n-s¶bp-sam-gpIn. A-h-sf-gp-t¶-äp am-kv-a-c-\n-{Z-
bn \À-¯-\-amSn. C\nbpw \nÀ-¯n-bm A-h-Ä ho-gpw. t]-Sn-¨p {]m-W³ t]m-sb-¶p h-cpw. ]m-
«p \nÀ-¯n-¡qSm. F¶m F-{X-t\-cw Xp-S-cmw? cm-hn-¶-dp-Xn-h-cm-dmbn. A-bmÄ-a-säm-cp Km-\-am-e-
]n-¨p. “hn-S!hn-S” F¶ Km-\w ap-g-§n-b-tXm-sS A-hÄ A-I¶p-t]mbn. Nn-e-¼p-I-fp-sS Q-WÂ-
¡m-cw IqSm-c¯n-sem-Sp§pw h-sc A-bmÄ A-tX Km-\w B-e] - n-¨p. a-\-Ên-se th-Z\-sb I-Sn-¨-
aÀ-¯n-s¡m-­v X-sâ kzÀ¤-s¯ X-¶n \n-¶-Iän. ]n-tä-¶p I-¯n-b-S-§p-¶ H-cp ]-«-S-bn X-
sâ a-IpSn AbmÄ h-en-s¨-dnªp. D¡-S-tim-I-`m-c-¯n-sâ cm-Kn-Wn A-Xn \n-s¶m-gpIn. IÀ-
¯-hy-¯n-sâ bm-Km-án-bn X-sâ A-`oã-s¯ tlm-an-¡p-¶ a-\p-jy-sâ im-iz-X-ssh-¢-_y-¯n-
\p-Å hn-`m-h-am-Wv Ipdh³. C-¯-c-¯n IÀ-¯h - y-¯n-sâ A-\n-hm-cy-X-bm-ep-Å A-]-cn-lm-
cyamb kz-bw ]o-U-\-amWv Ip-d-h-\n-eq-sS Im-Wm³ km-[n-¡p-¶Xv. a-tkm-¡n-k-¯nsâ Cu co-
Xn Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS kz-`m-h-am-Wv Im-Wn-¡-¶Xv. dn-b-en-k-¯n \n-¶p-am-cw-`n-¨v, Im-ev-]-\n-I-X-
bp-am-bn k-Ôn-tNÀ-¶v atkm-In-kv-äv `m-h-\-bp-am-bn Iq-Sn-t¨À-¶v ho­pw bm-YmÀ-°y-¯n-te-¡v
Np-h-Sp-am-dp-¶ Hcp A-]-Iz-c-N-\m-co-Xn-bmWv ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«n’Â Im-Wm³ I-gn-bp-¶-Xv.
i-Ð-hn-\ym-k-km-aÀ°yw
`m-h-¯n-se-¶-t]m-se `m-jb
- nepw em-L-h-Ku-c-h-§-fp-­v F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-X-I-fn-se
emL-h-hpw Ku-c-hhpw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Im-hy-`m-jb - n-se hÀ-Wþ]-Zþhm-Iy-L-S-\-I-fn {]-Xn-^-
en-¨p-Im-Wp-¶p. km-ln-Xy-¯n ‘sh-dpw-i-Ð’s¯ a-[p-c-kw-Ko-X-am-¡n am-än-¯oÀ-¡p-hm³
IgnªXv N-§-¼p-g-bv-¡m-Wv. G-I-Xm-\-am-bn-cp-¶p N-§-¼p-g-bp-sS kw-Ko-Xw. F-¶m Xm-Þ-
hhpw em-kyhpw Hcp-t]m-se h-g-§p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p F³.hn.bp-sS I-hn-XIÄ, ]mT-`m-Kam-b Xo-h-
­n-bn-se ]m-«n `m-j-bp-sS cm-Khpw Xm-fhpw k-aÀ-°-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p¶-Xp Im-Wmw.
Cu Xm-fhpw cm-Khpw {]mk-s¯ am{Xw B-{i-bn-¨p-\nÂ-¡p-¶ H¶Ã. a-dn-¨v ]-Z-§-fp-sS B-hÀ-
¯\w, ]-Z-§-fp-sSbpw hm-Iy-§-fp-sSbpw sX-c-sª-Sp¸v, ]m-Z-§-fn-se H-Sn-hp-I-fp-sS k-ap-Nn-
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Xamb {]-tbmKw, i-Ð-§fpw- `m-h-§-fpw X-½n-ep-Å kq-£v-a-_-Ô-¯n-se {i-² F-¶n-h-sb-¡q-
Sn B{i-bn-¡p¶p.
A¡p-gen³ sNdpkpjncw hgn-bmþ
sbmgpIo hniz-hn-tam-l-\-Km\w
sNänS, sNänS `oXnhfÀ¯pw
LÀLc-tLm-ckvX\nX hncmhw;
a\aXptIÄs¡ hnImcXcw-Kþ
aS§n ab-§nbpd§o sX-ÃnS,
]p\-cXnepev¡Shnt£m`§þ
fpZn¨p ]pf¨p XnaÀ¡pIbmbo.
“H-cp sh-fn-]mSn--sâ k-Xz-c-Kmw-`o-cyhpw H-cp cm-K-am-en-I-bp-sS kz-Ñ-µ{]-hm-l-`w-Knbpw H-cp
kp-J-kz-]v-\-¯n-sâ £Wn-tImZm-c am-[p-cyhpw Cu I-hn-X-bv-¡p­v. Dd-s¡ sNmÃp-t¼mÄ X-e-
bv¡p a-¯p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶ Cu A-kp-e-`m-\p-`q-Xn-sb \m-Z-e-l-cn-sb-¶p hn-fn-¡m-\m-Wp Rm-\n-ã-s¸-
Sp-¶Xv. ap-¡mepw im-co-cn-Ihpw Ip-d-¨p-am{Xw am-\-kn-I-hpam-b H-c-\p-`-h-am-WnXv. ‘Xo-h-­n-bn-se
]m«pw’ ‘H-cp ]-g-b ]m-«pw’ hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ X-e-t¨m-dn \yq-tdm-Wp-IÄ \r-¯w sN-¿p¶pthm
F¶p tXm-¶n-t¸m-bn-«p­v”. F-¶n§-s\ F-³.hn. I-hn-X-I-fn-se i-Ð-ku-µ-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v
Fw.F³. hn-P-b³ A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp¶p.

ap³ImehÀj tNmZy§Ä
1. Xo-h-­n-bn-se ]m-«v F-¶ I-hn-X-bn {]-I-S-am-Ip-¶ F³.hn.Ir-jv-W-hm-cn-b-cp-sS I-hn-X-bp-sS
km-am-\y-[À-½-§Ä F-s´ms¡? (2015)
2. tI-he IYm-Km-\-¯n-\-¸p-d¯v “Xoh­nbnse ]m«n”s\ F¯n-¡p¶ LS-I§Ä Nq­n-¡m-
Wn-¡p-I. (2014)
3. “Xoh-­n-bnse ]m«v” F¶ Ihn-Xsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n FÃm tNmZy§Ä¡pw D¯-c-sa-gp-Xp-
I.
(a) Cu Ihn-X-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI ]Ým-¯ew hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.
(b) Imev]-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS cq]-in-ev]hpw `mhhpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw ‘Xoh­nbnse
]m«n’s\ Bkv]-Z-am¡n ]cn-tim-[n¡p-I.
(c) `mh-Xm-cfyw Imev]-\nI Ihn-Xbv¡p KpWtam tZmjtam F¶v ‘Xoh-­n-bnse ]m«n’s\
Bkv]-Z-am¡n ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I (2010)
4. “DÅn-ep-d-sªmcp thZ\ hndbmÀþ
s¶mgpIpw t]mse-gpam arZp-Km\w
XpÅn-¸n-S-bp-ap-Z-{K-hn-Imc
hnaqÀÑnX amsamcp hnfnbmbv amdn”
kµÀ`w kqNn-¸n¨v Bibw hni-Z-am¡n kmckyw hyà-am-¡p-I. (2007)

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