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Teoría Celular.: Robert Hooke
Teoría Celular.: Robert Hooke
Biología molecular.
Wilson y Stevens. 1905. Determinación del Cromosoma del sexo (XX y XY)
Rayos X.
ADN.
Doble hélice.
1953. Watson-Crick.
“no se nos escapó el ver el específico (base) par que estábamos postulando
inmediatamente sugiere un mecanismo posible de copiado para el material
genético”
A-T y G-C.
Cuando la ADN polimerasa copia “mal” esas bases se dan las mutaciones.
Dando como resultado variaciones.
Pero fue Crick quien propuso nuevamente la versión correcta, a saber, las
bases de ADN se deberían leer en tripletes y distintos tripletes codificarían
para un mismo aminoácido.
Oη April 25, 1953, three papers were published in Nature, the prestigious
scientific journal, which exposed the "fundamentally beautiful" structure of
DNA to the public, and sounded the starting gun of the DNA Revolution. The
authors of these papers revealed the now-famous double-helix structure of
DNA, thereby unlocking the secret code of the human gene.
The race to discover the struc ture of DNA was run by many scientists. The
most notable were Linus Pauling, an American chemist working at Cal Tech,
James Watson, an American biologist, Francis Crick, a British physicist, both
working at Cambridge, and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, X-ray
crystallographers working at King's College, London.
Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, researching DNA at King's, did not function
as a team; far from it. Franklin had been hired as a full-fledged, independent
research scientist, but Maurice Wilkins refused to recognize her as such, and
repeatedly tried to use her as his assistant. Franklin resisted this treatment, and
refused to share her X ray crystallography research with Wilkins unless he
agreed to treat her as an equal. Franklin was laboring in a laboratory whose
rules did not permit her, as a female scientist, even to dine in the same lunch
room with the male scientists.