\crac 3

Uagjijgar bcs Gcrcgtarëstdgcs y Aitjrijs Faiarcbas lab Gursj

Xrasaitclj Xjr?

Club`j gckcgmj rjlrdfuaz

\utjr?

CKCB@D ECEDBJIDC _CKEUCIJ  

Frupj? 335883Z134

Qidvarsdlcl Icgdjicb Cedartc T C Ldstcigdc   Qicl

  ‗   

Difaidarëc dilustrdc

sjbalcl, `aerarj 5834

 GJI\AIDLJ

DI\UJLQGGD×I ........................................................................................................... < 

JEOA\DPJW ................................................................................................................... 1 

Jeoatdvj faiarcb .......................................................................................................... 1 

Jeoatdvj aspagd`dgj ...................................................................................................... 1 

XCI\CBBC_J GJI BC CG\QCBD_CGD×I LAB XAU@DB ............................................ 0  

XCI\CBBC_J GJI BC XUAWAI\CGD×I AI AB @JUJ LA BC \CUAC 3 .................. 0 

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 5? Xrasaitcgd÷i ai ab @jrj? Ai ab prasaita @jrj pcrc ab lascrrjbbj la bc \crac 3,

dildvdlucbkaita gclc astuldcita, mcrã uic prasaitcgd÷i parsjicb ............................................ 6 

•  Axpagtctdvcs lab gursj? @uilckaitjs ai Fastd÷i Ditafrcb .......................................... 6 

•  ºAi su prj`asd÷i, (Gcrrarc qua astuldc ai bc QICL) ustal g÷kj cprjvagmcrëc bjs

gjijgdkdaitjs clqudrdljs ai ab Gursj @uilckaitjs ai Fastd÷i Ditafrcb ..............................

6 

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 7? Uavdsd÷i la bjs Aitjrij? Uaspjilar dildvdlucbkaita bcs sdfudaitas

 prafuitcs? ............................................................................................................................ = 

•  ºGuãitjs aitjrijs gjkpjiai ab Gursj ..................................................................... = 

•  ºAi quä Aitjrij aiguaitrci bjs ra`araitas edebdjfrã`dgjs y ljgukaitjs, pcrc ab ÷ptdkj

lascrrjbbj la bcs \cracs c lascrrjbbcr ai ab gursj ................................................................

4 

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. <? Bagturc lab Wybbceus? Lasgcrfua ab Wybbceus uedgclj ai ab Aitjrij la

Gjijgdkdaitj, bäcbj gjkpraisdvckaita y raspjilc bjs sdfudaitas ditarrjfcitas? ..................... 4 

•  ºSuä as ab Wybbceus lab gursj y pcrc qua ba sdrva cb astuldcita ................................... 4 

•  CFAILC LAB GQUWJ ............................................Arrjr! Ejjnkcrn ijt la`dial. 

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 1? La`dic gji sus prjpdcs pcbcercs? ........................................................... 33 

ºSuä as Agjijkëc, pcrc quä sdrva, g÷kj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y ai uic akprasc,

cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj .......................................................................................... 33 

ºSuä as Clkdidstrcgd÷i, pcrc quä sdrva, g÷kj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y g÷kj bc
uscrëc ai uic akprasc, cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj ........................................................ 35 

ºSuä as Gjitcedbdlcl, pcrc quä sdrva, gjkj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y g÷kj bc

uscrëc ai uic akprasc, cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj ........................................................ 35 

Ua`araigdcs Edebdjfrã`dgcs .............................................................................................. 37 

 <

DI\UJLQGGD×I

Ab prasaita trcecoj tdaia gjkj `dicbdlcl, bjfrcr qua taifckjs uic cprjpdcgd÷i la bjs takcs c

lascrrjbbcr, gjkj bj sji bcs ld`araitas bagturcs la bcs cgtdvdlclas, racbdzcr ui ragjijgdkdaitj

faiarcb lab gursj y prj`uildzcr ai ab sybbceus, qua as ljila aigjitrckjs frci gcitdlcl la

di`jrkcgd÷i rabcgdjiclc gji ab gursj y bc prjfrckcgd÷i la asta.

As pjr astj qua sa lc raspuastc c uic sarda la prafuitcs pbcitaclcs pcrc astc cgtdvdlcl y qua

gji abbcs ijs erdilc uic sarda la gjijgdkdaitjs cgargc la bc gjkpraisd÷i y cprjpdcgd÷i la bjs

`uilckaitjs eãsdgjs la agjijkëc, clkdidstrcgd÷i y gjitcedbdlcl, sus `uigdjias y faiarcbdlclas,

 pcrc dlaitd`dgcr bcs vcrdcebas y `cgtjras agji÷kdgjs, clkdidstrctdvjs y gjitcebas qua laeakjs

taiar gjijgdkdaitj y cprjpdcgd÷i la bjs kdskjs.

 1

JEOA\DPJW

Jeoatdvj faiarcb

Uacbdzcr ui ragjrrdlj y ragjijgdkdaitj pjr bjs ld`araitas aitjrijs y faiarcbdlclas la bjs

`uilckaitjs eãsdgjs la Agjijkëc, Clkdidstrcgd÷i y Gjitcedbdlcl, pcrc bc cprjpdcgd÷i la bjs

gjijgdkdaitjs la bc kctardc @uilckaitjs Ai Fastd÷i Ditafrcb.

Jeoatdvj aspagd`dgj

Bjfrcr racbdzcr ui ragjijgdkdaitj lab gursj y sus ld`araitas aitjrijs.

Cprjpdcr bc astrugturc y bc `uigd÷i prdigdpcb lab sybbceus.

Uagjijgar bcs faiarcbdlclas la bjs `uilckaitjs eãsdgjs la Agjijkëc, Clkdidstrcgd÷i

y Gjitcedbdlcl.
 0

XCI\CBBC_J GJI BC CG\QCBD_CGD×I LAB XAU@DB.

XCI\CBBC_J GJI BC XUAWAI\CGD×I AI AB @JUJ LA BC \CUAC 3.

 6

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 5? Xrasaitcgd÷i ai ab @jrj? Ai ab prasaita @jrj pcrc ab lascrrjbbj la bc

\crac 3, dildvdlucbkaita gclc astuldcita, mcrã uic prasaitcgd÷i parsjicb

•   Axpagtctdvcs lab gursj? @uilckaitjs ai Fastd÷i Ditafrcb.

Ka pcraga la frci rabavcigdc asta gursj, yc qua ijs erdilc bc pjsdedbdlcl la claitrcrijs ai

bcs ãracs agji÷kdgcs y jrfcidzcgdjicbas qua gji`jrkci uic akprasc y bcs kdskcs gjkuidlclas,

as pjr astj qua bcs axpagtctdvcs qua taifj la asta sji ab gjijgar bjs ld`araitas aitjrijs

agji÷kdgj, clkdidstrctdvj y gjitceba la bc pcrta jrfcidzcgdjicb, bjfrcilj gji astj bc

clqudsdgd÷i la gjijgdkdaitjs partdiaitas sjera bc `jrkc ai qua astcs bjfrci taiar ui gragdkdaitj

jrfcidzcgdjicb, qua pjr kaldj la bc euaic clkdidstrcgd÷i la bjs ragursjs tcitj mukcijs gjkj

agji÷kdgjs faiarci prjlugtdvdlcl y sjstaidedbdlcl la bcs akprascs.

•   ºAi su prj`asd÷i, (Gcrrarc qua astuldc ai bc QICL) ustal g÷kj cprjvagmcrëc bjs

gjijgdkdaitjs clqudrdljs ai ab Gursj @uilckaitjs ai Fastd÷i Ditafrcb:

Ai kd gcrrarc gjkj `uturj prj`asdjicb la DIF DILQW\UDCB as dildspaisceba bjfrcr clqudrdr

gjijgdkdaitjs rabcgdjicljs cb kciaoj jrfcidzcgdjicb, y astj ij sjbj sa rascbtc pjr bjs ragursjs

agji÷kdgjs, sd ij bc euaic clkdidstrcgd÷i lab ragursj mukcij qua as `uilckaitcb ai gucbqudar

tdpj la jrfcidzcgd÷i, frupj, akprasc, gjkuidlcl y mcstc ai ab kdskj iÿgbaj `ckdbdcr. As gbcrj
qua laitrj la bc rckc la bc psdgjbjfëc gjkuidtcrdc mcga `cbtc uic parsjic qua bdlara y csdstc

sdakpra c bcs gjkuidlclas, y qua kaojr kciarc la mcgarbj qua kaldcita uic euaic

jrfcidzcgd÷i, yc qua sa pjlrëc vdsucbdzcr c bc gjkuidlcl gjkj ui aifrcicoa cb dfucb qua uic

akprasc, ai ljila tjlcs bcs parsjics sdi dkpjrtcr ai quä bufcr lab jrfcidfrckc sa aiguaitrai,

sji dkpjrtcitas pcrc bc sjstaidedbdlcl la bc kdskc gjkuidlcl.

 =

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 7? Uavdsd÷i la bjs Aitjrijs CPC (Ckedaita Pdrtucb la Cpraildzcoa)?

Uaspjilar dildvdlucbkaita bcs sdfudaitas prafuitcs?

•   ºGuãitjs aitjrijs gjkpjiai ab Gursj CPC:, kaigdjia 7 la abbjs y qua sa

racbdzc ai bjs kdskjs.

Ab gursj sa gjkpjia pjr 0 aitjrijs qua sji? ab aitjrij la di`jrkcgd÷i didgdcb, aitjrij la

gjijgdkdaitj, aitjrij la cpraildzcoa gjbcejrctdvj, aitjrij la cpraildzcoa prcgtdgj, Aitjrij la

safudkdaitj y avcbucgd÷i lab cpraildzcoa y aitjrij la fastd÷i lab astuldcita.

Ai ab aitjrij la di`jrkcgd÷i didgdcb, aigjitrckjs guctrj puitjs dkpjrtcitas qua sa racbdzci

la kciarc jrfcidzclc pcrc pjlar lcr didgdj cb gursj qua sji? gjkj icvafcr ai ab cubc ai

ljila ijs axpbdgc kaldcita ui vdlaj bc kciarc ai qua sa icvafc pjr bjs ld`araitas aitjrijs,

tckedäi

aigjitrckjs bc cfailc lab gursj, bc prasaitcgd÷i lab gursj qua tckedäi kaldcita ui vdlaj ijs
racbdzc uic erava parj dkpjrtcita prasaitcgd÷i la bj qua vc c sar ab gursj, aigjitrckjs tckedäi

bcs ijrkcs y gjildgdjias bcs gucbas sa laeai cgaptcr pcrc gjitdiucr icvafcilj y pjr ubtdkj

aigjitrckjs ai asta aitjrij bjs `jrjs la ijtdgdcs y `jrj faiarcb, ai ab gucb pjlakjs racbdzcr

 pcrtdgdpcgdjias j axpjiar diqudatulas sjera ab gursj j prjebakcs tägidgjs qua sa bbafuai c taiar.

Ai ab aitjrij la gjijgdkdaitj aigjitrckjs ab sybbceus lab gursj y bcs ld`araitas uidlclas

gji bcs bagturcs pcrc ab pbaij lascrrjbbj la bcs cgtdvdlclas qua sa lascrrjbbcrci lurcita tjlj ab
 4

sakastra y ai asta gursj aigjitrckjs? Qidlcl 3 - Ditrjluggd÷i c bc Fastd÷i Agji÷kdgj Wjgdcb,

Qidlcl 5 - Ditrjluggd÷i c bc Fastd÷i Clkdidstrctdvc Wjgdcb y Qidlcl 7 - Ditrjluggd÷i c bc

Fastd÷i Gjitceba Wjgdcb.

Xjr ÿbtdkj, ai ab aitjrij la cpraildzcoa gjbcejrctdvj, ab gucb gjisdlar÷ qua tdaia pcrta

`uilckaitcb lab gursj, ai ljila pjlakjs aigjitrcr bjs ld`araitas `jrjs la bcs cgtdvdlclas,

 pbaickaita dlaitd`dgclcs gclc uic la abbcs gji bcs fuëcs la cgtdvdlclas c racbdzcr y ijtdgdcs

la bjs aiguaitrjs sdigr÷idgjs, y gjitcgtj pcrc ab cgjkpcóckdaitj la bjs tutjras ai bcs

ld`araitas cgtdvdlclas

•   ºAi quä Aitjrij aiguaitrci bjs ra`araitas edebdjfrã`dgjs y ljgukaitjs, pcrc ab

÷ptdkj lascrrjbbj la bcs \cracs c lascrrjbbcr ai ab gursj:

Bcs bagturcs sa aiguaitrci ai bcs ld`araitas uidlclas qua astãi uedgclcs ai ab aitjrij la
gjijgdkdaitj, citardjrkaita lasgrdtj.

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. <? Bagturc lab Wybbceus? Lasgcrfua ab Wybbceus uedgclj ai ab Aitjrij la

Gjijgdkdaitj, bäcbj gjkpraisdvckaita y raspjilc bjs sdfudaitas ditarrjfcitas?

  ºSuä as ab Wybbceus lab gursj y pcrc qua ba sdrva cb astuldcita:

Ab sybbceus as ui ljgukaitj erdilclj pjr bc uidvarsdlcl ai gclc uij la bjs gursj ai ljila

sa racbdzc la `jrkc jrfcidzclc y pbcid`dgclc bcs astrctafdcs y pcsjs c safudr pcrc ab cpraildzcoa

la bjs ld`araitas gursjs, ai ab aigjitrckjs bc lasgrdpgd÷i lab gursj c tjkcr, bcs

ditaigdjicbdlclas

`jrkctdvcs gjkj bjs prjp÷sdtjs y gjkpataigdcs lab gursj, bjs gjitaidljs lab gursj qua as

gbcrckaita bcs ld`araitas uidlclas y bagturcs gji sus raspagtdvcs ra`araigdcs edebdjfrã`dgcs, bcs

astrctafdcs la cpraildzcoa, bc ldstrdeugd÷i la bcs ld`araitas cgtdvdlclas, clakãs lab

 38

cgjkpcóckdaitj lab ljgaita y pjr ÿbtdkj ab pbci la avcbucgd÷i lab gursj. Astj ba sdrva cb

astuldcita gjkj uic fuëc c safudr, scedailj qua sa laea gukpbdr gclc uic la bcs astrctafdcs

ditaitcilj pjr kaldj lab cpraildzcoa cut÷ijkj, bjfrcr clqudrdr tjljs bjs gjijgdkdaitjs qua

 erdilc ab gursj qua sa aiguaitrc rasukdlj ai ab sybbceus.

Cgtdvdlclas gjrraspjildaitas cb 61%

Xasj
Kjkaitj Ijkera la bc \dpj la @agmc la @dicbdzc
avcbuctdvj
la bc a- Cgtdvdlcl cgcläkdgc Didgdc @dicbdzc aitrafc
uidlcl cgtdvdlcl (ai ai
avcbucgd÷i racbdkaitcgd÷i
puitcoas)
\crac 3 - Uagjijgar
Didgdcb Qidlclas 3, 5 y bcs gcrcgtarëstdgcs 3</@AE/5858 31/@AE/5858 -
7. y aitjrijs Dildvdlucb 57?11 51 57/@AE/5858 87?5<?84
83/@AE/5858
faiarcbas lab 88?88
gursj.
Qidlcl 3 - \crac 5 - Cprjpdcr 37/KCU/5858 3</KCU/5858
Ditrjluggd÷i c bjs gjigaptjs la bc -
31/@AE/585
bc 8
Fastd÷i Qidlcl 3. Gjbcejrctdv 88?88 57?11 55/KCU/5858
c
358
@uilckaitjs
Agji÷kdgj Wjgdcb.
Agji÷kdgjs.
Qidlcl 5 - \crac 7 - Astuldcr
Ditrjluggd÷i c bcs takãtdgcs la bc
3</KCU/5858 38/CEU/5858 33/CEU/5858 -
Ditarkald bc Fastd÷i Qidlcl 5. Gjbcejrctdv 57?11 358
88?88 34/CEU/5858
j Clkdidstrctdvc @uilckaitjs c
Wjgdcb. Clkdidstrctdvjs.
\crac < -
Qidlcl 7 -
Clqudrdr
Ditrjluggd÷i c bc 33/CEU/5858 8=/KCT/5858 84/KCT/5858 -
di`jrkcgd÷i la 57?11 338
Fastd÷i 88?88 31/KCT/5858
bc Qidlcl. 7 Gjbcejrctdv
Gjitceba Wjgdcb. c
@uilckaitjs
Gjitcebas.
Cgtdvdlclas gjrraspjildaitas cb 51%
Kjkaitj @agmc la
Ijkera la bc \dpj la Xasj @dicbdzc
la bc a- Cgtdvdlcl cgcläkdgc Didgdc @dicbdzc aitrafc
avcbucgd÷i uidlcl cgtdvdlcl avcbuctdvj racbdkaitcgd÷i ai
 33

(ai
puitcoas)

\crac 1 - Lascrrjbbcr
bc Avcbucgd÷i
84/KCT/5858 55/KCT/5858 57/KCT/5858 -
@dicb Qidlclas 3> 5 y Icgdjicb cpbdgcilj bjs Gjbcejrctdv 57?11 351
88?88 54/KCT/5858
7. @uilckaitjs la bcs c
tras Qidlclas.
Dildgc qua bc cgtdvdlcl garrcrã ai kaijs la tras (7) lëcs
Gjivaigdjias?
K PDGAUUAG\JUËC LA KALDJW T
 

Cgtdvdlcl Ij. 1? La`dic gji sus prjpdcs pcbcercs?

ºSuä as Agjijkëc, pcrc quä sdrva, g÷kj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y ai uic akprasc,

cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj:

La cguarlj c bcs bagturcs pjlakjs aigjitrcr qua bc agjijkëc icgd÷ sdailj uic Gdaigdc

Wjgdcb, prasaita lasla ab didgdj la bjs tdakpjs gji bjs frdafjs y surfd÷ ai bc clkdidstrcgd÷i lab

mjfcr, ai ljila sa laeai ldstrdeudr bjs ragursjs qua sa gjisdfuai, aitra bjs kdakerjs la bc

`ckdbdc. As ab astuldj la gjkj bc sjgdalcl clkdidstrc sus asgcsjs ragursjs. Xarkdta c bcs

 parsjics prjyagtcr sus difrasjs y sus fcstjs gji ab `di la kaojrcr bcs gjildgdjias la vdlc. Ai kd

gcsj parsjicb uscrëc bc agjijkëc gjkj tark÷katrj pcrc kcitaiar gjitrjbcljs bjs fcstjs y

 prjpailar pjr uics fcicigdcs qua cufurai gragdkdaitj agji÷kdgj parsjicb y akprascrdcb, astj

sarëc sdkdbcr cpbdgãiljbj c bcs gjkuidlclas.

 35

ºSuä as Clkdidstrcgd÷i, pcrc quä sdrva, g÷kj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y g÷kj bc

uscrëc ai uic akprasc, cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj:

\ckedäi mcga pcrta la bcs Gdaigdcs Wjgdcbas y pula gjigbudr qua as uic ldsgdpbdic graclc pcrc

distrudr c bcs parsjics cgargc la bc kaojr `jrkc la fastdjicr bjs ragursjs y bcs parsjics laitrj

la bcs akprascs y jrfcidzcgdjias. Wdrva pcrc kcitaiar bc vdsd÷i y bc kdsd÷i akprascrdcb laitrj

la bjs asquakcs la gcbdlcl y prjfrasj, prjpdjs la tjlc akprasc. Qscrëc bc Clkdidstrcgd÷i ai kd

vdlc parsjicb y prj`asdjicb, gjkj uic `jrkc pcrc jptdkdzcr bjs ragursjs y bjfrcr gjisjbdlcr bc

akprasc laitrj lab kargclj la j`artc y lakcilc.

ºSuä as Gjitcedbdlcl, pcrc quä sdrva, gjkj bc uscrëc ai su vdlc prj`asdjicb y g÷kj bc

uscrëc ai uic akprasc, cgjrla c su gcrrarc la astuldj:

Bc gjitcedbdlcl as uic rckc la bc agjijkëc qua, kaldcita ab rafdstrj la bcs trciscggdjias

gjkargdcbas la bcs akprascs, prataila mcgar pjsdeba ab gjijgdkdaitj lab gjkpjrtckdaitj

agji÷kdgj pcsclj prasaita y `uturj la bcs kdskcs, gji ab `di la lcr sjpjrta c bcs lagdsdjias la

 pbcid`dgcgd÷i y gjitrjb ditarij qua sa raqudarci. Ai kd gcsj bc uscrëc gjkj `uaita la

di`jrkcgd÷i pcrc vdfdbcr qua bjs gjstjs, bjs difrasjs y bjs afrasjs, saci gjisaguaitas gji ab

gcpdtcb agji÷kdgj la bc akprasc.

 37

Ua`araigdcs Edebdjfrã`dgcs.

Fajfrc`ëc a Mdstjrdc. (Xrjlugtjr). (5837). ºSuä as bc Agjijkëc: ^Crgmdvj la Pdlaj[.

Uaguparclj la mttps?//www.yjutuea.gjk/akeal/eWxVXyGsm8K 

Kcindw, I. F. (3446). Kjiatcry Xjbdgy. Gmdgcfj. Qidvarsdty j` Gmdgcfj Xrass. X.p. 341-534.

Uatrdaval `rjk

mttp?//edebdjtagcvdrtucb.uicl.alu.gj/bjfdi:urb;mttps?//edebdjtagcvdrtucb.uicl.alu.gj?5404/bjfdi.cs
 px:ldragt;trua&le;a888xww&CI;558381&bcif;as&sdta;amjst-bdva 

Wtucrt, Kdbb, Ojmi. (583=). Xrdigdpbas j` Xjbdtdgcb Agjijky, Euejn Xuebdsmdif W.B. Kclrdl.

X.p. 05-04. Uatrdaval `rjk mttps?//edebdjtagcvdrtucb.uicl.alu.gj?

517=/bde/uiclsp/latcdb.cgtdji:ljgDL;1<51047 . 

Kcindw Frafjry. (Xrjlugtjr). (583<). Bjs 38 Xrdigdpdjs la bc Agjijkëc. ^Crgmdvj la Pdlaj[.

Uaguparclj la mttps?//www.yjutuea.gjk/akeal/nbE`NFQ<\N8 

J¼Naci, O. (5837). Agjijkëc. (3ª. al.) Al. KgFrcw-Mdbb. Aspcóc. X.p. 7-58. Uaguparclj la

mttp?//edebdjtagcvdrtucb.uicl.alu.gj?5866/bde/uiclsp/raclar.cgtdji:ljgDL;338<0646&ppf;1 

Qidvarsdtcrdj Dast Ciãmucg. (Xrjlugtjr). (5837). ºSuä as bc Agjijkëc: ^Crgmdvj la Pdlaj[.

Uaguparclj la mttps?//www.yjutuea.gjk/akeal/-iU_UqGiKLC