EJERCICIO # 3

Diseñar la viga presforzada optimizando la carga de presfuerzo y la ubicación de la excentricidad (Constante y Variable)

60 cm

5 15 5

15

𝑞𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎=500 𝐾𝑔/𝑚2
𝑞𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎=500 𝐾𝑔/𝑚^2

40 70 cm

L = 12m
15

22,5 15 22,5

1 PASO Determinamos el centro de gravedad de la seccion transversal

AREA 60 15 15 40 25
𝐴𝑡=60∗15+15∗40+25∗15 A1= 900
At= 1875 cm^2 A2= 600
A3= 375
𝑌𝑔=(𝐴_1∗𝑦_1+𝐴_2∗𝑦_2+𝐴_3∗𝑦_3 Y1= 7.5
)/𝐴𝑡 Y2= 35
Y3= 62.5
𝑌𝑔=(900∗7,5+600∗35+375∗62,5)/1875 X1= 30
X2= 30
X3= 30
Yg= 27.300 cm
0.1875
𝑋𝑔=(𝐴_1∗𝑥_1+𝐴_2∗𝑥_2+𝐴_3∗𝑥_
3)/𝐴𝑡

𝑋𝑔=(900∗30+600∗30+375∗30)/1875
70

Xg= 30 cm

Ys= 42.700 cm

Yi= 18.300 cm
2 PASO Determinacion de la Inercia Centroidal

𝐼𝑥𝑥=𝐼𝑥+𝐴∗𝑦^2

Ix1= 16875 cm^4

Ix2= 80000 cm^4 35,2
Ix3= 7031.25 cm^4
7,7

𝐼𝑥𝑥=(16875+900∗ 〖 19,8 〗 ^2 )+(80000+600∗ 〖 7,7 〗 ^2 )

19,8
+(7031,25+375∗ 〖 35,2 〗 ^2 )
Ixx= 956956.25 cm^4

b1 60
h1 15
b2 15
h2 40
b3 25
h3 15
369711 19.8
115574 7.7
471671.25 35.2
3 PASO Determinacion del Modulo Estatico

𝑊𝑠=𝐼𝑥𝑥/𝑌𝑠

𝑊𝑠=(956956,25 〖𝑐𝑚〗 ^4)/42,7𝑐

𝑚

Ws= 22411.153396 cm^3

𝑊𝑖=𝐼𝑥𝑥/𝑌𝑖

𝑊𝑖=(956956,25 〖𝑐𝑚〗 ^4)/(18,3

𝑐𝑚)

Wi= 52292.691257 cm^3

4 PASO Determinacion de los Momentos Flectores

ΥºHº=2500 Kg/m^3 2500
𝑞𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎=Υº𝐻º∗𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
 qviga= 468.75 Kg/m
qviva= 125 Kg/m 4.6875
1.25
1200

x (m) Rviga (kg) R viva (kg) M viga( kg*cm) M viva (kg*cm)

0 2812.5 750 0.00 0.00
0.5 2812.5 750 134765.63 35937.50
1 2812.5 750 257812.50 68750.00
1.5 2812.5 750 369140.63 98437.50
2 2812.5 750 468750.00 125000.00
2.5 2812.5 750 556640.63 148437.50
3 2812.5 750 632812.50 168750.00
3.5 2812.5 750 697265.63 185937.50
4 2812.5 750 750000.00 200000.00
4.5 2812.5 750 791015.63 210937.50
5 2812.5 750 820312.50 218750.00
5.5 2812.5 750 837890.63 223437.50
6 2812.5 750 843750.00 225000.00
6.5 2812.5 750 837890.63 223437.50
7 2812.5 750 820312.50 218750.00
7.5 2812.5 750 791015.63 210937.50
8 2812.5 750 750000.00 200000.00
8.5 2812.5 750 697265.63 185937.50
9 2812.5 750 632812.50 168750.00
9.5 2812.5 750 556640.63 148437.50
10 2812.5 750 468750.00 125000.00
10.5 2812.5 750 369140.63 98437.50
11 2812.5 750 257812.50 68750.00
11.5 2812.5 750 134765.63 35937.50
12 2812.5 750 0.00 0.00

5 PASO Determinacion de la Excentricidad Constante

𝑑=5 cm+(8 𝑐𝑚)/2=9 𝑐𝑚

9

𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝑌𝑖−𝑑
𝜙=8𝑐𝑚

𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥=18,3 𝑐𝑚−9 𝑐𝑚
𝑑
emax= 9.300 cm

𝑟=5 𝑐𝑚
 𝑟=5 𝑐𝑚

6 PASO Determinacion de la carga Balanceada

𝑃∗(𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥)=(𝑞∗𝐿^2)/8
q= 5.9375 kg/cm
L= 1200 cm
𝑃=(𝑞∗𝐿^2)/(8∗(𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥) )

𝑃=(5,9375𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚∗(1200𝑐𝑚)^2)/
(8∗(9,3 𝑐𝑚) )

P= 114919.35484 Kg
P= 114.91935484 Tn

7 PASO Verificacion de Tensiones

Fibra Superior
𝜎_𝑠=−𝑃_𝑒/𝐴+
(𝑃_𝑒∗(𝑒))/𝑊𝑠−𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎/𝑊𝑠−𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎/𝑊𝑠

Fibra Inferior
𝜎_𝑖=−𝑃_𝑒/𝐴−
(𝑃_𝑒∗(𝑒))/𝑊𝑖+𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎/𝑊𝑖+𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎/𝑊𝑖

x (m) M viga Mviva σs σi

0 0.00 0.00 -13.602 -81.728
1 257812.50 68750.00 -28.173 -75.483
2 468750.00 125000.00 -40.096 -70.374
3 632812.50 168750.00 -49.368 -66.400
4 750000.00 200000.00 -55.992 -63.561
5 820312.50 218750.00 -59.966 -61.858
6 843750.00 225000.00 -61.290 -61.290
7 820312.50 218750.00 -59.966 -61.858
8 750000.00 200000.00 -55.992 -63.561
9 632812.50 168750.00 -49.368 -66.400
10 468750.00 125000.00 -40.096 -70.374
11 257812.50 68750.00 -28.173 -75.483
12 0.00 0.00 -13.602 -81.728

Al Realizar la viga con excentricidad constante solo garantizamos que las tenciones en L/2 sean uniformes
8 PASO Determinacion de la Excentricidad Variable

𝑑=5 cm+(8 𝑐𝑚)/2=9 𝑐𝑚

9

𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥=𝑌𝑖−𝑑
𝜙=8𝑐𝑚

𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥=18,3𝑐𝑚−9 𝑐𝑚
𝑑
emax= 9.300 cm

𝑟=5 𝑐𝑚
x (m) Y (cm) e (cm)
0 -9.30 9.30 0.00
1 -9.04 9.04 2.84
𝑦=(4∗𝐶∗𝑥^2)/𝐿^2 −𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 2 -8.27 8.27 5.17
3 -6.98 6.98 6.98
4 -5.17 5.17 8.27
5 -2.84 2.84 9.04
6 0.00 0.00 9.30

9 PASO Determinacion de la carga Balanceada

𝑃∗(𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥)=(𝑞∗𝐿^2)/8
q= 5.9375 kg/cm
L= 1200 cm
𝑃=(𝑞∗𝐿^2)/(8∗(𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥) )

𝑃=(5,937
𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚∗(1200𝑐𝑚)^2)/(8∗(9,3
𝑐𝑚) )

P= 114919.35484 Kg
P= 114.91935484 Tn
10 PASO Verificacion de Tensiones

Fibra Superior
𝜎_𝑠=−𝑃_𝑒/𝐴+
(𝑃_𝑒∗(𝑒))/𝑊𝑠−𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎/𝑊𝑠−𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎/𝑊𝑠

Fibra Inferior
𝜎_𝑖=−𝑃_𝑒/𝐴−
(𝑃_𝑒∗(𝑒))/𝑊𝑖+𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑔𝑎/𝑊𝑖+𝑀𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑎/𝑊𝑖

x (m) M viga Mviva σs σi

0 0.00 0.00 -61.290 -61.290
1 257812.50 68750.00 -61.290 -61.290
2 468750.00 125000.00 -61.290 -61.290
3 632812.50 168750.00 -61.290 -61.290
4 750000.00 200000.00 -61.290 -61.290
5 820312.50 218750.00 -61.290 -61.290
6 843750.00 225000.00 -61.290 -61.290

Todas las tensiones son Uniformes en toda la viga

11 PASO Deflecciones

e= 9.3 cm
q= 5.9375 kg/cm
L= 1200 cm
E= 200000
Ixx= 956956.25 cm^4
P= 114919.35484 Kg
∆=5/384∗(𝑞∗𝐿^4)/(𝐸∗𝐼)

∆=5/384∗(5,937𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚∗ 〖 1200𝑐𝑚 〗 ^4)/

(200000∗956956,25 〖𝑐𝑚〗 ^4 )

Δ= 0.838 cm

∆=5/48∗(𝑃∗(𝑒)∗𝐿^2)/(𝐸∗𝐼)
∆=5/48∗(𝑃∗(𝑒)∗𝐿^2)/(𝐸∗𝐼)

Iguales
∆=5/48∗(114919,355∗(9,3)∗ 〖 1200𝑐𝑚 〗 ^2
)/(200000∗956956,25 〖𝑐𝑚〗 ^4 )

Δ= 0.838 cm
p A E WS MVIGA MVIVA
110436.62 3500 43.86 69568.73 1093750 3750000

-31.553