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Keywords: Abstract
- Microangiopathic hemolytic
Protocol for hemolytic uremic syndrome
anemia
- Chrombocytopenia The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by the presence of the typical signs of
- Complement thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA): microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (anemia with schistocytes,
elevated LDH and decreased haptoglobin), thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure.
Hypertension, in many cases very serious, is a characteristic finding. There are two main types of
HUS, one caused by infections, especially those associated with Shiga toxin production in E. coli
infections (STEC-HUS), more common in children and having epidemic character in some
occasions, and atypical HUS (aHUS), associated with disorders of complement. SHU must be
distinguished from Thrombotic Thrombocitopenic Purpura (TTP), by measuring ADAMS-13, and
from secondary MAT. The treatment of STEC-HUS is conservative, except in cases with poor
outcome (neurologic complications, no renal function recovery). Classical treatment of aHUS
consisted of plasmapheresis, but recent studies show that eculizumab, a C5 blocker, significantly
improves prognosis.
Diagnóstico del síndrome correctamente los datos característicos de MAT para estable-
cer la sospecha diagnóstica: anemia, con los datos típicos de
hemolítico urémico las anemias hemolíticas microangiopáticas (anemia, lactato-
deshidrogenasa (LDH) elevada, esquistocitos en sangre peri-
El síndrome hemolítico urémico (SHU) es uno de los distin- férica, haptoglobina disminuida, test de Coombs negativo) y
tos procesos que pueden causar una microangiopatía trom- trombopenia (cifra de plaquetas inferior a 150.000/mm3).
bótica (MAT). Por tanto, el hecho fundamental es identificar Estos datos son fácilmente reconocibles pero, junto a ellos, la
Anamnesis, exploración física, pruebas complementarias Determinación de ADAMS-13 para descartar PTT
para descartar MAT secundarias (tabla 1) (sobre todo si existen trastornos neurológicos)
Negativo Negativo
Estudio de mutaciones y
anticuerpos en la vía
alterna del complemento