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A warning device used for indicating a normal steering power source failure is required. This
warning device shall be visual, and shall be activated by failure of the normal steering power
source. That is, this lamp comes when the oil supply stops due to breakdown in the steering
pump or engine.
Se requiere un dispositivo de advertencia utilizado para indicar una falla normal de la fuente
Es decir, esta lámpara se enciende cuando el suministro de aceite se detiene debido a una
The place of the distributor is taken by the Motronic electronic engine management system,
which directly controls the individual coils at sub-second speeds. For example, if the Tiptronic
S system requests a smoother transition when changing down, the ignition system responds
El lugar del distribuidor lo ocupa el sistema de gestión electrónica del motor Motronic, que
ejemplo, si el sistema Tiptronic S solicita una transición más suave al cambiar, el encendido
R: For example en español significa por ejemplo cuando encontramos esta palabra en el
An alloy engine brings advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is light weight,
while the key disadvantage is high expansion at high operating temperatures. Normally, that is.
However, on the new 911 the main bearing bracket is made of aluminium and in turn reducing
mechanical noise from the engine. Noise encapsulation can be dispensed with, since the
eso es.
Sin embargo, en el nuevo 911, el soporte del cojinete principal está hecho de aluminio y, a su
Ruido del motor Se puede prescindir de la encapsulación de ruido, ya que el problema del
R: However en español significa sin embargo la cual está palabra se utiliza en este texto para
The differential is completed by two steering bevel gears which are mounted on the left and
right sides of the bevel pinions. Therefore, each bevel pinion meshes with both steering bevel
gears.
El diferencial se completa con dos engranajes cónicos de dirección que están montados en
los lados izquierdos y derecho de los piñones cónicos. Por lo tanto, cada piñón cónico
R: Therefore en español significa * por lo tanto* este conector es estado para indicar una
Actividad: Pagina 5
1 The piston moves up. At the same time, the exhaust valve opens. This lets the burnt gases
escape
R: As the piston moves up, the exhaust valve opens, which lets the burnt gases escape.
2 The spark plug ignites the fuel. Immediately afterwards, there is an explosion. This makes the
piston move down with great force.
R: When the spark plug ignites the fuel, there is an explosion, which makes the piston move
down with great force.
3 The camshaft rotates. Simultaneously, the cam pushes the intake valve downwards. This
allows the fuel to enter the cylinder.
R: As the camshaft rotates, the cam pushes the intake valve downwards, which allows the
fuel to enter the cylinder.
4 The piston moves away from the valves. Immediately after this, it creates a vacuum in the
cylinder. This sucks the fuel in.
R: When the piston moves away from the valves, after this, it creates a vacuum in the
cylinder, which sucks the fuel in.
5 The piston moves up towards the valves. Soon afterwards, it puts the fuel under high
pressure. This helps the gases to expand rapidly after ignition.
R: As the piston moves up towards the valves, it puts the fuel under high pressure, which
helps the gases to expand rapidly after ignition.
6 The cam pushes the exhaust valve down. At the same time, the piston moves up towards it.
This forces the burnt gases out of the engine.
R: As the cam pushes the exhaust valve down, the piston moves up towards it, which forces
the burnt gases out of the engine.
Actividad: Pagina 17
Blade connectors / blown fuse /conductor / current / fuses / higher / lower / overheat / plastic
housing / resistance / signals
Wire: some wires in a car carry very little (1) current ___. They carry (2) ____ signals
_________from switches and sensors. Other wires carry a lot of current, for example, to power
the starter motor. Each type of wire has a certain amount of (3) ____ Resistence________per
metre. The longer the wire, the (4)____Higher_____________the resistance. Automotive wire
is made from strands of copper. The finer the strands, the (5) ____Lower____________ the
resistance. Fuses: if too much current goes through a wire, it can (6)
______Overheat_______and melt. Then the wire has to be replaced, which is a difficult job. To
prevent this from happening, (7) _____Fuses__________ are included in an electrical circuit.
Automotive fuses have two (8)_____Blade connectors___________ which complete the
circuit. Inside the (9) __Plastic housing___________is the (10) _____conductor________,
which carries the current. The conductor has a lower melting point than the wire of the circuit.
If the wire carries too much current, the heat of the current melts the conductor and “blows”
the fuse. A (11) ____Blow fuse_______ must be replaced with a good one. Then the electrical
circuit will work again.
Actividad: Pagina 18
1 The car had a flat battery because the driver left the headlights on. (so)
The driver left the headlights on, so the car had a flat battery.
2 The driver tried the starter motor again and again, and as a result the battery became flat.
(since)
The battery become flat since, the driver tried the starter motor again and again
3 Since the driver didn’t have a spare fuse, he couldn’t replace the blown fuse. (therefore)
The driver didn't have a spare fuse, therefore he couldn't replace the blown fuse
4 The wrong fuse was used and therefore the wire in the circuit melted. (since)
The wrong fuse was used since the wire in the circuit melted
5 The mechanic couldn’t repair the car as he didn’t have a wiring diagram for it. (And as a
result)
The mechanic he didn`t have a wiring diagram for it and as a result couldn`t repair the car
6 The current in the circuit was too high and as a result the fuse blew. (because)
The current in the circuit was too high because result the fuse blew
7 The rear windscreen heater was broken, so the driver couldn’t see out of the rear window
(as)
As the rear windscreen heater was broken, the driver couldn`t see out of the rear window
Actividad: Pagina 21
1 The aim of the design was to produce a tracked earthmover with greater power than earlier
models. The designers considered the needs of users, for example, construction sites, quarries
and landfill sites.
2 The new design has an 8.8 litre six-cylinder engine, with a top speed of 10 kph in the ‘travel’
mode. The alternative ‘work’ mode allows slower speeds. Independent power is provided to
each track, so the driver can control each track separately and turn the machine easily.
4 The powerful engine is located at the rear, and therefore acts as a counterweight. Another
advantage is that the radiator, placed at the rear, is kept clear of earth- moving operations.
The electronic fuel injection system delivers multiple injections of fuel during the engine’s
compression stroke, which improves fuel combustion. The turbocharger, driven by the
exhaust, results in increased power, improved combustion and reduced exhaust emissions.
5 The design uses strong, rigid box-sections, which resist torsional forces. The steel frame
provides flexibility, durability and resistance to high load forces. The multi-purpose bucket
made of high strength, low alloy steel resist dents and damage.
6 The cab is designed for comfort and ease operation. AC and heating are standard features.
The dashboard has two groups of instruments: one with four gauges (fuel l evel, etc) and
another with indicators (low alternator output, etc)
1) El objetivo del diseño era producir una excavadora sobre orugas con mayor potencia
que los modelos anteriores. Los diseñadores consideraron las necesidades de los
usuarios, por ejemplo, sitios de construcción, canteras y vertederos.
2) El nuevo diseño tiene un motor de seis cilindros y 8.8 litros, con una velocidad
máxima de 10 km / h en el modo de "viaje". El modo alternativo de "trabajo"
permite velocidades más lentas. Se proporciona potencia independiente a cada
pista, por lo que el conductor puede controlar cada pista por separado y encender la
máquina fácilmente. El nuevo diseño tiene un motor de seis cilindros y 8.8 litros,
con una velocidad máxima de 10 km / h en el modo de "viaje". El modo alternativo
de "trabajo" permite velocidades más lentas. Se proporciona potencia
independiente a cada pista, por lo que el conductor puede controlar cada pista por
separado y encender la máquina fácilmente.
5) El diseño utiliza secciones de caja fuertes y rígidas, que resisten las fuerzas de
torsión. El marco de acero proporciona flexibilidad, durabilidad y resistencia a altas
fuerzas de carga. El cucharón multiusos hecho de acero de alta resistencia y baja
aleación resiste abolladuras y daños.
Diseño breve Mayor poder que antes Más potencia, lleva mayor carga útil
modelos (+ 15%)
Los usuarios
Sitios de construcciones, Canteras, vertederos, industria
forestal, sitios de construcción.
Características clave Motor de seis cilindros y Motor de 5,9 litros; velocidad
8.8 litros, con una máxima de 50 km / h
velocidad máxima de 10
km / h
capacidad Cucharón de movimiento
de tierras tiene un ancho Carga útil máxima: 20 toneladas (12
de 3,3 my una capacidad m3 )
de 4,7 m3.
El sistema electrónico de
inyección que posee
mejora la combustión del
combustible.
Turbocompresor, tiene
mejor combustión y una
reducción de las emisiones
de escape.
Propiedades Cajas son fuertes y rígidas, Mayor rigidez y resistencia a las
resisten las fuerzas de fuerzas de carga.
torsión.
Marco de acero
proporciona flexibilidad,
durabilidad y resistencia a
altas fuerzas de carga.
El cucharón multiusos
resiste abolladuras y
daños.