MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

EXAMEN SEDUNDO PARCIAL
2/2007
De la figura, los obreros estan subiendo 100 ladrillos por medio de la polea:
a) determinar el codigo y dimensiones de la seccion rectangular de la viga. [45%]
b) Por singularidad determinar el y(max) e y(2m). [45%]
c) Considerando que en ocaciones existe sobrecargas por tirones en el cable, y asumiendo
que su sección de este es circular, cuanto debe ser el diámetro mínimo si es de material
St60? [10%]

100kg 80kg

15º

0.95m
1.45m
2.7m
3.2m

0.7m 0.5m 0.5m 1.0m 0.5m

DATOS 
dm ≡ 10cm
kgf
γlad := 1.5 nlad := 100
3
dm

kgf
q1 := 100
0.5m

kgf
q2 := 80
0.5m

qe1 := q1 ⋅ 0.5m = 980.66 N

qe2 := q2 ⋅ 0.5m = 784.53 N

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 1 de 7

MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

PESO DEL LADRILLO

3
Vollad := 6cm ⋅ 10cm ⋅ 20cm = 1200 ⋅ cm

wlad := γlad ⋅ Vollad wlad = 1.8 ⋅ kgf

wtlad := wlad ⋅ nlad

wtlad = 180 ⋅ kgf

CARGA P1

P1 := wtlad + 180kgf ⋅ cos ( 75deg) = 226.59 ⋅ kgf

REACCIONES 
Ra := 1N Rb := 1N
Dado
Ra + Rb − P1 − qe1 − qe2 = 0

qe1 ⋅ 0.95m + qe2 ⋅ 1.45m − Rb ⋅ 2.7m + P1 ⋅ 3.2m = 0

⎛Ra ⎞
⎜ ⎟ := Find R , R
⎜R ⎟ a b ( )
⎝ b⎠

⎛Ra ⎞ 59.89
⎜ ⎟ = ⎛⎜ ⎞
⋅ kgf
⎜R ⎟ ⎝346.7 ⎟⎠
⎝ b⎠

Tramo 1 0m < x ≤ 0.7m

V1 ( x) := Ra

M 1 ( x) := Ra ⋅ x

Tramo 2 0.7m < x ≤ 1.2m

V2 ( x) := Ra − q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m)

2
( x − 0.7m)
M 2 ( x) := Ra ⋅ x − q1 ⋅
2

Tramo 3 1.2m < x ≤ 1.7m

V3 ( x) := Ra − qe1 − q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m)

2
( x − 1.2m)
M 3 ( x) := Ra ⋅ x − qe1 ⋅ ( x − 0.95m) − q2 ⋅
2

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 2 de 7

MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

Tramo 4 1.7m < x ≤ 2.7m

V4 ( x) := Ra − qe1 − qe2

M 4 ( x) := Ra ⋅ x − qe1 ⋅ ( x − 0.95m) − qe2 ⋅ ( x − 1.45m)

Tramo 5 2.7m < x ≤ 3.2m

V5 ( x) := Ra − qe1 − qe2 + Rb

M 5 ( x) := Ra ⋅ x − qe1 ⋅ ( x − 0.95m) − qe2 ⋅ ( x − 1.45m) + Rb ⋅ ( x − 2.7m)

V ( x) := V1 ( x) if 0m < x ≤ 0.7m M ( x) := M 1 ( x) if 0m < x ≤ 0.7m

V2 ( x) if 0.7m < x ≤ 1.2m M 2 ( x) if 0.7m < x ≤ 1.2m

V3 ( x) if 1.2m < x ≤ 1.7m M 3 ( x) if 1.2m < x ≤ 1.7m

V4 ( x) if 1.7m < x ≤ 2.7m M 4 ( x) if 1.7m < x ≤ 2.7m

V5 ( x) if 2.7m < x ≤ 3.2m M 5 ( x) if 2.7m < x ≤ 3.2m

3
3× 10
3
2× 10
3 500
1× 10 0.95 2.7
V ( x)
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
3
− 1× 10 M ( x) − 500
3
− 2× 10 3
− 1× 10
x 3
− 1.5× 10

1er momento maximo: x=2.7m

2do momento maximo

Ra − qe1
xx := + 1.2m xx = 0.95 m
q2

M ( 2.7m) = −113.29 ⋅ kgf ⋅ m M max := M ( 2.7m)

M ( 0.95m) = 50.65 ⋅ kgf ⋅ m

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 3 de 7

MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

CALCULO DE LA SECCION MÍNIMA

M max
σf =
W xx

Como el material es acero de construcción:

σf := 36ksi

M max
3
W xx := W xx = 4.48 ⋅ cm
σf

de acuerdo a tabla el minimo

para estas solicitaciones es:

N 4
Ea := 210000 Ia := 129.2cm
2
mm

POR SINGULARIDAD DETERMINAR Y(max), Y(2,0m)

2 2 2 2
q1 ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
M ( x) = Ra ⋅ x − + − +
2 2 2 2

+ Rb ⋅ ( x − 2.7m)
2
d
E⋅I⋅ y = M ( x)
2
dx

2 3 3 3 3
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
d
E⋅I⋅ y = − + − +
dx 2 6 6 6 6

2
Rb ⋅ ( x − 2.7m)
+ C1
2

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 4 de 7

MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

3 4 4 4 4
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
E⋅I⋅y = − + − +
6 24 24 24 24

3
Rb ⋅ ( x − 2.7m)
+ C1 ⋅ x + C2
6
con condiciones iniciales:
d
x := 0m y =0 C1 := 0
dx

con condiciones iniciales:

x := 2.7m y := 0m

3 4 4 4 4
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
C2 := − + − +
6 24 24 24 24

3
C2 = 78.24 kgf ⋅ m

desglosando en dos funciones:

3 4 4 4 4
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
f1 ( x) := − + − +
6 24 24 24 24

3
Rb ⋅ ( x − 2.7m)
f2 ( x) := − C2
6

( )
1
y ( x) := ⋅ f 1 ( x) + f 2 ( x)
Ea ⋅ Ia

si evaluamos en x=0.95m
3 4
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m)
f1 ( x) := − f2 ( x) := −C2
6 24

( )
1
y ( x) := ⋅ f 1 ( x) + f 2 ( x)
Ea ⋅ Ia y ( 0.95m) = −2.52 mm

si evaluamos en x=2.0m

3 4 4 4 4
Ra ⋅ x q1 ⋅ ( x − 0.7m) q1 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.2m) q2 ⋅ ( x − 1.7m)
f1 ( x) := − + − +
6 24 24 24 24

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 5 de 7

MEC 2240 DISEÑO MECANICO SEGUNDO PARCIAL 2/2007

f2 ( x) := −C2

( )
1
y ( x) := ⋅ f 1 ( x) + f 2 ( x)
Ea ⋅ Ia y ( 2.0m) = −0.78 mm

CUAL DEBERA SER EL DIAMETRO DEL CABLE PARA TIRONES OCASIONALES

Pti := 2 ⋅ P1 Pti = 453.17 kgf dc := 1mm

kgf
σust60 := 60 σyst60 := 0.6 ⋅ σust60
2
mm

σyst60 = 51.2 ksi

dado
Pti
σyst60 =
2
dc
π⋅
4

( )
dc := buscar dc = 4 mm

DOCENTE: Ing. Miguel A. Ruiz Orellana 6 de 7

 TUBOS PRE-FABRICADOS "TU"
Dimensiones y Propiedades
para diseño

Area Eje X-X Eje Y-Y

Designación D B t Peso A I S r I S r
mm mm mm kg/m cm2 cm4 cm3 cm cm4 cm3 cm
TU 6"x6" 152.4 152.4 4.5 20.49 26.10 941.9 123.6 6.01 941.9 123.6 6.01
152.4 152.4 3.0 13.89 17.70 653.9 85.82 6.08 653.9 85.82 6.08
152.4 152.4 2.5 11.64 14.83 552.3 72.48 6.10 552.3 72.48 6.10
152.4 152.4 2.0 9.36 11.93 447.8 58.76 6.13 447.8 58.76 6.13

TU 6"x4" 152.4 101.6 4.5 16.90 21.53 691.8 90.78 5.67 370.1 72.85 4.15
152.4 101.6 3.0 11.50 14.65 483.8 63.50 5.75 260.2 51.21 4.21
152.4 101.6 2.5 9.65 12.29 409.6 53.75 5.77 220.6 43.43 4.24
152.4 101.6 2.0 7.77 9.90 332.9 43.68 5.80 179.6 35.35 4.26

TU 5"x4" 127.0 101.6 4.5 15.11 19.24 446.0 70.23 4.81 316.2 62.24 4.05
127.0 101.6 3.0 10.30 13.12 313.8 49.41 4.89 223.1 43.92 4.12
127.0 101.6 2.5 8.65 11.02 266.1 41.91 4.91 189.4 37.29 4.15
127.0 101.6 2.0 6.97 8.88 216.7 34.12 4.94 154.4 30.39 4.17

TU 4"x4" 101.6 101.6 4.5 13.31 16.96 262.2 51.62 3.93 262.2 51.62 3.93
101.6 101.6 3.0 9.11 11.60 186.0 36.62 4.00 186.0 36.62 4.00
101.6 101.6 2.5 7.65 9.75 158.2 31.15 4.03 158.2 31.15 4.03
101.6 101.6 2.0 6.17 7.86 129.2 25.43 4.05 129.2 25.43 4.05