JOSE MARTI - Tomo 20 PDF

José
Martí
O B R A S C O M P L E T A S - Edición Crítica
Traducciones
(volumen 1)
20
CEM | Centro de Estudios Martianos
Ministerio de Cultura
de la República de Cuba
20
© Centro de Estudios Martianos, 2016 | ISBN 959-7006-08-1 obra completa
Proyecto de edición:Cintio Vitier y Fina García-Marruz.

Dirección general:Pedro Pablo Rodríguez.
Responsable del tomo:Maia Barreda.
Colaboradores:Niurka Alfonso Baños, Yadira Álvarez López, Miladis Cabrera Bess, Amaury Carbón Sierra, José
Manuel Cordero Ocampo, Marta Cruz Valdés, Martín Duarte Hurtado, Francisco Fernández Sarría, Tania Gutiérrez Ochil,
Mayra Hernández, Miriam López Horta, Enrique López Mesa, Aida Matilde Martín Fernández, Mayra Beatriz Martínez,
Maybel Mesa Morales, María Elina Miranda, Juan Pablo Noroña Lamas, Yalienny Pérez Sardiñas, Pablo Riaño San Marful,
Hortensia Roselló Rosés, Carmen Suárez León, Norma Suárez Morales, Juan Carlos Turiño y Sandra Lis Valdés Pérez.
Edición:Dania Pérez Rubio.
Diseño:Ernesto Joan.
Realización:Beatriz Pérez Rodríguez.
Composición:Marlén Santiesteban Brizuela.
Imagen de cubierta:detalle de pintura sin título de René Negrín, 2008. Colección de la SCJM.
Centro de Estudios Martianos

Ministerio de Cultura
de la República de Cuba
Calzada 807, esquina a 4, El Vedado | 10400 Estados Unidos 1168 | C1101AAX

La Habana, Cuba Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Tel. [53 7] 836-4966/69 | Fax [53 7] 833-3721 Tel. [54 11] 4304-9145 | Fax [54 11] 4305-0875
<cem@josemarti.co.cu> | <www.josemarti.cu> <clacsoinst@clacso.edu.ar> | <www.clacso.org>
Equipo Secretario Ejecutivo

Dr. Pedro Pablo Rodríguez (director general) Pablo Gentili
Lic. Aida Martín Fernández (directora editorial) Directora Académica
Dra. Carmen Suárez León (investigadora titular) Fernanda Saforcada
Dr. Rodolfo Sarracino Magriñat (investigador titular)
Coordinador Editorial
Dra. Marta Cruz Valdés (investigadora)
Lucas Sablich
Msc. Marlene Vázquez Pérez (investigadora)
Lic. Yisel Bernardes Martínez (investigadora) Coordinador de Arte
Lic. Lourdes Ocampo Andina (investigadora) Marcelo Giardino
Lic. Niurka Alfonso Baños (editora) Arte de Tapa
Lic. Rubén Javier Pérez Bosquets (investigador) Jimena Zazas
Lic. Mariana Pérez Ruiz (adiestrada)
Lic. Miladis Cabrera Bess (asistente de dirección) Revisión Técnica
Marlén Santiesteban (operadora digital) de la Presente Edición
Desarrollo Libre de Aplicaciones Gonzalo Mingorance
Luis Alberto Morera Fernández, Dayron Rámida Coll,
Ariel Armas Ramos

./3+.= J

! "#
$ "

%

&
'

!

"#% #
()
" $ # "
"

"
)

#
)"

"
!
# *& +
"
#

"

" (",

,&
+ #*

"
.
/"
"

""
)
")
! *
) "()

&+
)
(
)

"
%
) ! #$
$

#
"

&0
( " !
"#

"

)

" ) "
1 #(
"

# "
)

" $

& '

"(#( &2"#

1 ) "
#
" ("

&3 $

) "

&
3
" #
#
#
()

"

4)

%

)

%
&
0
# "## "

"(

&'

"
,,
"1

*
)
1 !1
,5
3
56
"
%"
) $

" (&7
1 ,%$

/

&
7 "

! !
"

"

"

$

! )
""
"#

).
# ! "#
8 )

"(
!

&
3)
9 " ) !1

"

)
. "
#..+.L :' ;!:<" ;"

$8" 1 * "
1 "

% !&
' " !8
"
1 $
!#
( !
)
"
)"
#
*

"
!
"
)
. &' " "
(

" / . "

)

"#

()

"

)
!

"&
+ . + 3 3M*
$ * . "

)
$
!)*" !

"#
#$4"" "

"
!
"

"# )
"!
)"
$&3
$ "
%&
+ . H+. 9, " :=)&;9 .

$ "( . !

& 0 )

"

"
#

#")
1
"
#

"#%#
()
1 $

$
#$

' #>"
&3
4
( #
)
" )#
" !
"( (! J.H+.=
3 J/.
!
)
9 #*

! 9
)

1 ""

)"
"* "#
"
"

!

,&
3 J **MH
)#
"
!
()
4
%
!)
*

#$

.
"#
&
3J/.
!
)#
"
!
$1
#=
3

)
"

" 1

#) .
"&
'" $

")"
1
$
"

"(
&3 "?@
.

# " &
3 "

( *+.1 ! ("!"

. &
+
( "1
"

$

!

' # 3, A
"
!
3 B
!""
" )
8

& 2"#

(
)"

"

# "( $

!

!

#!
$1 )"
"
"( &0

(

" "
$
&
7 "
"

./3+.3

=
' #6/
:B

"#!
"9
"! "#9

)
;&
5
3 "?@
"

! .NO.!
# *P.
**. *P./.!. *=0 * .

!

. . *
1 *

&=
!C
"
1

, &

6
,#
$ &
".0..
+="3<
=
H="H+/=

"E$
B
$F
+
!'"
=RE/3+1.

1.+/ %.S/=>B>DI(>DT=
=
7
#
&
: =
9
\#
# =]

9: ; '
;_
\#

# =]
=% `=>B=

0:<
;>
.++.F03./*.0+.N/.F0+.N.3.
H+O..N.".J3/JN0+*1+3+0 )
+
3=0+0+/=&1+//././UF0.R+H0
+//.0J3R+=
$ NJ F0 0 0 3 .3 3 1 3
.=3/0 F0NNN+*0.OJ..
H0 0 N/. 0*0. #F0 . M . H/ B .
+*1+.F0+/./3N+

*=L;++F0.0O
01/NF00F0++1-=
$NN0+*J*0++1/=..3M*...
//U..+/+U.+//N+=..H0-./.F01
1..H/..J+././.++M.3+/.+.
+.+*.+1.F0J+0/+0-3M++.*..01.F0+.=
..1H0-.*-.++J+.N++/N++U++J
//+..U....+.01J./
>
+*+0

*30++E$
B
$+>C/->DI=

.N+E.0 =
B
?/=
9
-..0NO..0N/3F0++-11=
+..N.0.0+11= ./M.F0E."*-./M.
F0.0+=0N0/"+./U03.+H0-
+)0.@**+ **=)0.0..=..*.=
..*.1=N/./N+../ I3F0+0.
0..0++-+3+++-30.+13+/
,++- . ./3 0= $ / 30. +. .N. 0 .0+ . .
. .1+ ./../..F0 T+.+/..M+*.
+. /0. .. + 1 1. . 01.+ 3 . *1
/O.0...++/++0-+.+0//+ +=
$/.11+/F0++-01.++1
/3//J+/R+0O3+=
11+.1JN/.0++..+*01-?"11J0
. 01 0 // 0 +*J 30+ 0 .03 F0 NJ
0.+*1/+3=
$+NR0/+U3+H/N+*01-=
H0+.*1.=0..0/=$/M.F0
0 . 4 3 0 # 0* 3. . 0 # 0*
0.3./R+
"3.R+=L.*1L++0.
.1.033/F0J./3.+F0J.3F0J.3H=#0*
.HR."300J.+.3?+=#0*.#0*"
VF0R.HJ+0+W
$N+.+++/3-+*..*.*++.+
/.3?+U30N0+*F01/M.++M+././1
@

"X).Y=
I

"X+./Y=
T

"XF0Y=
10
.++++.30+NH.//+1//+
//H.=
.0.3..3?++F0.0/++.3.=R+0
.3.+/.++3.++F0R+3. +/+
H/F0+3. R+3F0#0*+.0+H/= 0
H/.03.0013./"30.F0R+++J+
0 .J01++.3./R=L$+N0+
N3LF0.+N03+N00=3
.0.....0..00..0.3..03.0 .0*HJL./N
11+.0 +*0H..F0.1-NJF0#0*
30.++3./.3+++*0O?J.1-+=L$
R+0OH...=L0..0+-N=1R0
30=L1/M.F0./M.H+-H0F0=
>
" "L0+-/=..+F0R+NF0=0+-
++1+0+-0U3.3?+.0+-+.+/.#0*.J=
/* + 3 . R+ . 1- F0 + .++ / N0 3 +
0+-/ /./ / 3 N N /. + F0 R+ F0. =
>
" ./O/U3/O/0+-=L +1+E3+ +
F0+.++N3.+1=
3
"LO0 += .03+ H0+= /3 + H0 . 3+ H.
+.HR.E/E+0.13. .J3+.F0
+M+ 30+3+.F0.M
+=$0+H0+.1-=3
.*H.H.#0*
+F0./3.O
& 3
.*H ./3 ++- /*1+
*.++*11HM+= .+
00+"F0J#
0*+.H/03.+=.+
F0.".0
F0..=
11
M.*1/M..1/M./3+/M./3+=G
.+*0.1.3*

01 /. O. /O. . . + /3+0 F0

= $ /
.
+O"*

&.."../3+".."3.
+/M.F0/J30N++=M.++0-".3J0U3++J.+
O0..+*/.++/3+3+/1+3F0?)0.+F011
.N/=L.1-NF0/M.=
G "

"L+0//= +0/ .3J0= ++ . +* 01U 3 .
F0.R+=
H" "L1/= 1=*+/++J+0+=./M.
R*/M.+/M.+F0$
&#0"../M.F01=L
3" "L3+./=.J.0/*.UR+"3+./*.
L3F0+./*...1-+.1+.R+.F0+1+-.+3+.=
F1 I "L3F03++..=L.F0./M.F0.

.

=E..M+.= ..3.HO=E..
/0++/=
7"L 3/U 3 . .++ + /+
#0*N0+.M.3/3+3/
=
'* "" )
"" """L.N/O1.MNN/
..*.N/.= .303...H..N0M3+3+
.0+++++*J+../.=L#0*3. F0J+..H/.
.03./+++H/+++H."LR+F0.F0.0NOJ.J
+0+-+.*.N/.F0./M./++/3+.H.+
3 R* ""&9.0-* ""O13 "#*$=
L .J/R303 "#/3+.0+H-.0H.N/.=

"1+. *
.+.U3.1-#0*N-+.+.
12
1.=.+/E+F0.*0.+3R.0/".+F03.
F0.3F013.U.+F0F0. + F0+3./
.0/3+.F0+/+N0/.0/3+/RU.+/.U
. + +.U 0 / +. + /" + .M
/.= +.30.3+.1.=.130.31+.=
$.J/+0-..J..*R/.3+./.=L
..H0+.=../3?J.*0++.=LF0+1
.11+*0.1.+"3F01/001F0.
/.// .HF0-M../-11=.F011/M../M.L/
++0-.M+R//M..+.3++0-=$
F011J3Z /N30F0+F0N11/M.3. [F0
1+./..+1U3R+N1VN/M./0N/M.NF0W
V0MHJ+. /N3.W
330.N0/+/3+..F0H.3 1J3F0
/1F0...+.=.+JN++.+0.+.3.
3++++ 3N0N0. +.+J*. D.0./=
.JN=;+U+R+/.3J0U*+.0UV30+
/+01.+.+/+/11J1/JW
: ; '
E$
B
$RE>C/>DI
[H=]
D

"XY=
13

N/C..O1"0R+.0/0O >.?.=.30R.
N..0HN++*.3.0O010"NN3.
3+.UN11+*F0..0N++= 03 >> N.01
03.N0+=J03-=.N/F01
?.0./00+O=O.NF0./U/.N
F00..=+/+O+..30.3/O.3+H/+=
#R+0=+F0JNO.= > /+..0=/+/+
NO+3+/+/=M.N+*/M.O=;+3..0.J.+
H++3.M+.N.=Z<0RN[/33U0O0+F0=
01.030+=+..++F0N0N.+
+.0.+.0++.3F0?0+..0.R++0
O0*= 0.?..?.=
.?.3.+.?.+N/./0=+O+N1+*S
.=#1+./+1+./3.+J..= ++J1..
+*0.O.3./R+01OF0.++/,R* >B0
1O H+ .H F0 . ++/ /. >@ 0 1O 3.3>I F0 . ++/

.3++E$
B
$RE30+/R3<
RE
>DI=
C
#0*=
>
a+%0N=
>>
:.3N(R3+0*=
>
R3+N+.%c.(# a+=
>B
:,R*=
>@
%R+R/..=
>I

"X3.Y=
14
N0=>T$R+11.?F0+11/*F0+./3.+J..
.0.+../*+1.+/M.= .0N
/M.F0.=+.M+.R+.M+.3MO.U+.N/.R+.M+.
?.=
/+..?+UR+.= +*0.1.R+.+/.//3F0
++..+/.//.++.e+H.*.UR+ >De.U/.F0
++.N+*1/*.+H.R+/03M*M3=
J+
/+..1.F00?..0/3O.03+0//.0
3+" 3
/
"
1

#" !!

"
#" !
1
&
+3/..0++*=+3./*0++*+
H/+3F0./F0.0F0+.+...?.+/33.+=
++..01-+.1?.++*"+3../M.F00.3
N//3F0+O010F0+0+O010F0/-H-+
F00+-+/++J+0+/+0../+=
..?..NN/.U.1.F0.O0.+.=
+/.0
O0.31*."++.*0.0O0/+*1=+0N+
3*.F0+*..+..H0.0+.=+3/../O/M.+
+"+.*0+3 .+= 03../.+1+..O 1.
H/..++.N/./NO.=
/.03/R++./3+.0O01031.03
OO=ZF0R[.0.*+=O+.+/+.3+/.
+/O/+.+/.++0//+..+1+
+= 0.3/.O../3.."/3+.U+0..
/.. 3. 3 N / + +.U + 01 /.. 3 N
>T
#-%c.(RN0=
>D
%"XeR+Y=
15
H+N.+=*M/.+3."+N.+./+1.=03J.
1..0/F0+/.+ > *0NO>C F0*.
*.+..+.0.+.3.+N.+=e +NO
+*0RE/+3++*//."F0+F0.N
3...+E30+.=./+...+1=%>I>
3 N - +. F0 HJ +. 3.3. +. 1.
0J++3 +E30+. "+3. .=..0/.
+.*.H=e
..O 1.1+3. "++.MO0.U+3..+.++
N + .OJ .0 .= +R*+ . /* /R .0 1-= H0-
+O. % 3 0.. F0 . . . F0J 0J > + +/ ..
3M*.= + * J F0 .1 . + 33 .
.F0O3.0O.0/".M3.F0/".3.F0
3== +O0N1=++01+-+1"03-O
30+/30.3+1+.=.01+/HJ
+EO++./J"./3+0- 3+30=.3.1+
-+R+03+.++++/=e+//F0.+
%.0.NO..+.03. UN./F030.*0+U
++./3 .0+R+/3M.0.+=
11.J=.?.3.=Z<0RN0./3[
..++.0=
>
:.3N51N1=
>C
H:.3N51N1.0N/&0.1=

"XHY=
>

"X00Y=

"X%Y=
16
ZF0R./33++.+[."..=...1+3/+
*+H+H+U113+++O.++U3F03++..+0NU
3F0..M+O.++.0H=
1+3.0/+U.1+N0/.+/"++.
0/3+.0=+F0+0/3++0/3+"+.+1+.
+=
Z /.1+N0/[ 0O/3+=
0 /U + 1"L 0 N/ /0U B + ++"L 0
N/ 11U@ + /"L 0 3 3.3U + 0= Z F0R[ ++1 +
3.3 =LN.F0..3.=/3?.1..N
.0.N/.U+.F0+++.?+++.3-F0.
+H++.+.N/.=+.1..R3*031.
...03/*0."1R.0F0.-3+N.0/.
0+.-.*"7
1 ! !<
J./0O...3
++U+.N/...31.*=...O 1....H/.
.++.=
..+.++U..+*3.1U...3 =
.F00N//3F0+//+.H.. I+.*+..
11.0/0H+.3.1/3+S*0L++.+
..0.30/J.J=.0?+/0+/0
+.-+3.3/.+U++.++*J+.H=.M
/M. .U /+. /*." #F0 T +* .
B
R3+0*/0+@.3/>@B=
@
a+0*=
I
3+ =
T
0*0.#F0=
17
3.U 0D + * +/ 0+U ++. + 1+ - = .. .
N/..*...1.N/.=N.F0+3.+.0"L++.
+NH+..N..=M+.+/+.
.3" 3"
"#&9/+/.03+*JF0+.U
0.+.+/.+++*F0N++/+E3 =./M.
0..M+3W.M/M.3.=++..+.30.3+.F01+U
.0+...F0+/++3J.3J.0*+.+*0.3...
..=3S*+.+/.//3+3+./.0./*.0+.
H/.= 0 0 J F0 . /3/ 3.3. . H/+
E3...00N/3+J0F0H0N0?0
*C03.B0O+/M.R" B>...3.*.
.+1".F0/+/.+U+..N/.+.+1+1=+F00.+
N+.0H/300.+N+/= +++...
F0..O 1.+H+1H+F0./0=
F0J 0 /-+ .0 O010= + 3.3 3 + 1 . 0
N/ N + + 3 . 3+" ++. . *
N-= .0+.H++/./3.+"L++.H.0.3+0.
.+.3..= /33.+++.++HO+*/+
./.0/F0+UN+.?+.3.F01300+0-+
N-U.+.1*J.+31=$.3..0..F0R+
0U.+./+./3.+0+-0..+..*.=
D
0+0=

N+.++.=
C
0=
B
N+/*/+03.=
B>
:F0.RR=
18

+/.//3F00/3++++HO0+++O=
0 + 0 Nf.3 .0 % 0 + 30 .*-
0 +*+="
=L0++0... +.
EF0..++./ 1030+/3. =L
. O1 . .++/ 0 * .= / . +. +*. 3..
0. 30 3 3 0 /0N /3 + 3- H0 +
*. = + 3/ F0 / F0 . + H0 +.
/31..0.=L.R.+0HM.0/.= B
#+L++F0/0.+/*JH1*0.+*+
LN0.3+/.//3+=+J/ 0 BB+H
/ +*N=B@ 0.+.0/. BI/R33F0?H0*-
+1+110?J3./+*H0F0+H*+
3+...+.=
F0+1.O13./33.R+.M./3
O=.+.H*+=L /M..H0+.0..H0-.N=
+1+.0/.U+.03U.+-+./.+
3+R/.03.++= /01/.0....*.=
.0.MH0...0=$+.+++.+*.F0/
+ +0" 1 + N-= NF0. . .3J0U N /M. F0
F0.3.= 0.1+..*.U.0./..+*J....+F0
B
+' 0
>
=
BB
%c.( 02#+4=
B@
+*N=
BI
$
"=
19
+. /3 . H.1.U 1/ + 0+ + /++J + + +
../F0.+./3. . H. BT +0+0+RN
-+.03/=.N/O1.MNN/..*.N/.U
/.JU/.*=$1..0 0+/.S/+
M*=V W+./J+*J+.3...++-=
..0..3..O1.+.+./31.F0.+
1=.3++ *.+..+....03.=.
..+F0.+.+=N*.+.*3./=+.+
./+3.//+H0+.1=Z<0R.30. BD +
.+[.+.0E3. .+0.+/*O.0H*03HU+F0.
+3./+.++.U+.+L.+3+NN+/U+.+L.++*0O
NN1=<0+.+U#*+..0..1.3M=
N/*0..J.0./0."X+..+..Y=?.N
0.0+/R+J+1N*.0..H0-..0++.++
++/"X+H/Y=V<0R.0+W<"+++-=#0.N+#0.
+" 8
"(1 )"=...0+..".+K "

+)"

(
4./30..1 .1 F0+J.
./3+M./F0+R./M++*+*0.1.+F0+
+*.++/.//3F0.3/+- =
...0+..+/ .103*
.U.++..O1.+..0*+ B+ "#

&.+.0*+3+J=ZF0R[F0.0*++=
<0
"
=.++ "#
.03.
0.HJ3.H..HJ+-+..=++/.+3.O
BT

"X . 3N.Y=
BD
?/=
B

30=
20
+..+/U+./M..1..+/.0U1J+30+.
3.=..130/M=.+0.M*.0+/U
/3+13+F03+33+.0H/3+.103
+*-"F0J03H0+F0.1+O0.O=L
.+./3++Z3F0R[3F0.=
.3.+O0..3.+/3. "++/++E3.3+
.+N/."+..O1.=
?/..+0+-L+3RL0+.+L+H+.HJ=
../. . . H+.HJ= + .+/ .++ +. +/. 3H0. 0
.0J0.330+F01/M.++M+N/=...0JE?F0
N+*0/*J./=BC.O1+.:.+3S.0+
&0.F0/+./M..+.3.1.F0+..0J=

0 .1./0N..0../..+.N/.+
/./*030. .*0+U.F030O.+F0303
..3J0O1.+/./F0303/R+.1O.=./-+
1F03F0.+N..S/3+33
.J/./U+F0F0.3.+0/..N..0O3
U+F0+/01+/.++/3++.U.+
.0+....+*+.+..3+.+F0.++/+
/++F0.++/+1*+"1++J.N.U.+N++.N
.F0.MH0++.++0-U.3*0F0R+.NO
../+11M....E3.F0R+.E3/R=
/. H + . F0 N+ +. .. /0. +
0//+/+N0/+0+-0N+ =.11.
OVF0R*/WG)
3+/..U+.H.=+H= N+..0?.
BC
.J
=+*+HR."X/*./Y=
21
+.+*.UM.+H+1= +/+.+*.30..+
.H*0.00+/=1H+0.013+.0
13.O"+1+.. +.1=
...N/.//3+/ @0"+/.++/M.
O1 . + 0." 0. /+ / + 0 . O1= 0 3. .
HH= . . / .*0 / + /
/30++=.O1.1+0.1+.
F03./3..M+1-+.+*..013.e*.+/./
/3.0=<0.0.00/0/"30N+
/30.3+*.".0..0/..+1-3.../+.=0
3.+/+.=+/3+J/..0-.+N
+.+*0F0OU..03"..3..+.3.R+/R
. +1 R+ O /R= F0 N . 1" 0 Nf.3 +
3+/+N.+."++.+ 3.+ +1.F0
+..F0R1*..+F0++*F0++/=- .
F0..3.3../.."R..0?+H/++.*.= "
0R.30R.+/.///.F0+ @>.J.=
Nf.3"F0.+0.N=0 Nf.3%VF0R
1.W$.R++3R+.+*R+.U.F0.01N.
+3.3/.NN/+%+N/*
*+U.F0.*N/*+.0+.*.N/.+*R
N0/F0.1.*+..1+1+- U.F00/3.
@
.*0++ %=
"X/3+/Y=
@>

"X.N+Y=
22
./O./3.F0.ME*/F001-/-N
3.0/3".F0+++3?.U.F0
.R.+F0.++0.F00.+./O
++./0+++F0U..J/.N.3.03
.J.3.N3 Nf.3=
0/3...0.H0-/./=F00 Nf.3NNJ
H Nf.30=1+//0:"N
O0.+M*++M*+N+.01=;+.+.F03.=
+*+R. Nf.3.+*+R.N"N...033.*+R.
+.*+_#+HR.+.*+__.3//0303+.
./.U+10/M.+F030/00".O1N
.0=F0NN+NNN=/33+
/=30.. Nf.3++*0H.NNN3.1R..
+E+./.3+.0.++++
.*=
.N3*H.1..3+0
*+1 .+=+.3.F0+0.=;++N
.=
.E?0.F030.0*+00 =+
. 0= H + Nf.3 / H0. + 0
+0.0H+.HJJN.= .+*P..
*/M0=.1.= /3.O/M.3= 0/0+
+. H. +. . +. 3H. +. E3+.= . + F0 .M
.3+.+. @ Nf.3=.1/.0F0
3R+=E1..*=
@
/
=
23
#
$ .J . / .30R. ?. O N + %

Nf.3=.1.0..3.*0+F00
30+./3+E1+F0/0*0
.F0+.03=
M..+*0 .F0+0/30.+J=L*0.+0
0 *S .. *0 +*0 *0 . + H* . +.
0. + ++1 + "

"@B R. . /M. + 0 + +.
.3J0...=F0.0/3+F0.1.3..J/./"*S
3./M.+..=.O1+/3.J"O/M..0U.3R.
/?.F0F0+/..30++*+N
+/.H/+O+...0O.03R++../00+
..=
.+//N0./+3./3*0+.+*"+.+
1..N/.=N-+0/+.+.+..0..U3/S.+
1 /3.U 3 .3M0+ + /1+ 0 H + / O +
/1+ H + +=L M0H*."@@ / +. ./.= N
--E3+1J+ @IF0F0/M.F0+SO0+=
.H/+.0"++./S+.H0-+..+1+0++/=
.3..NO.31-/M..0.N-=
+.F0.0H@T3.+"0..0..
@B
+J

=
@@

"XSH*.Y=
@I

"XY=
@T

"X.0HY=
24
.01.=+./.3++.0.H/++.3..
3+3+e.N+=ZF0R[ZF0R30N++.3.3..N+
+3[ .%+=$/./M..*1+./M..0/
.0/=eO.+.O.+- =.+.*.1.+F0
+..+.*.0/.= N+1+0".NNN+F0
.N3"ZF0R/3..F0[
.+=#+11+3=e$.+
1+1M 1=eV0M N. . ++ 0M N. . .M ++ 1JW
/+N+10+.M= +..3++MO= .JN+..
..=/+1. .+H=.+.J..3=.
0-01?.=.+.10+1++.N+.+3"..3.
H++.e3+0/R+3+=
Z.0F0O[=$ZF0RN+.J[$ZNF0R.1+1J[Z
1..[=Z3[:/M.=
Z<0R3J3. %./0[$3.
N/3.3ZN..J.+1+.+I./>D+>
/->D>+/>DB[+I./>D .03
%"+>/->D>+/>DB.0.NO.+0
.++3+.30+"....S1..3.
H/OVN/.30+J.W ++J1./1/*M/
. 3H0 /0/0++ +. /0+0. F0 . 3 +*0. 1. + 0++ +.
/.=L. .. . J. /+. ZN +*0 3 /3
*.0+.F0+0/.0+[L..3.+3Z3F0R[ZF0R
N.?[ +.F0+1-=/3-M/.+.=+30+.*0"+
25
/M..=%03.3/1.N1.O/M.+R= @D Z<0R
/3 0 1 .03H .30/. 0 + H . /O. /*
3+[V<0O.+3WV3N++*.+F0.WVW.+.F0
/03++113++=L
01..ZF0R.1.[Z...+*[Z<0R./.
...F01...F0./.[Z./..N/.[.U1.
NR.1+1..0.*-.+30+0/1..R.3F0R=..N/.
+H.1.+F0.M/M.++M= *0O+.O0.00+
H//=e#...1J.+.30+/..+.+/+1.+.+
03+.3U+M//+L+/+R0+L+.++M/
/+L+L+0/=e#./OM.+.N0/U1.1M.+O0101.
3+*M.+1O-U1.R.10..-.=0.3S.0+..F0./.
++1N/..1.F0..+.+0.0..+*/.
N++ + H + .0 10.. +.=L#. .. +0/ /R 1.= .
+*. . ++/ +. 1* +R"L.. 3 //. 10..
0..0."NF0J+F0N+.+*.=+* .1= .J
++* 3/*.+.+*.=e.+*.+.0=+* +
1=+.3*.+./-F0.+..**..+++.3S+3.
+/+.*/....O..EN..3..+HU+.
...N10..O0."+...=....3= 3."N
NJ+.03/.H0-+H+.HJ=
S+...././.0..33./..=#.+.R.1."1.
R.+/.=.+.30. .1..=
N/.
3.*0/M.-/F0+.."3F0+.+N3
1.O/M.=L#..R.3F0R=L..1/./M.F0*/."1.. +
@D

"XY=
26
R. +.33.1.= . 1+1M/M.= H
M.0+=#1.+/M.NF0/U3/.+.
N.=*+N/.0".NM+.0=e.../.+1-10..
0.10...+ 0++.NO.+3=.../.
F0 1/. 1." ./. H0./ 3 .*0/ + 30 0 +
N/ ." .J / + + .+ 0. /+
10. = $ . 30 + 0 3 + U J0+ .0+/= .
./O0.30.F0..+/++/0E.=#.3R..
./M.F0++++1+++H++=3/.
*.1./3/.*+H=#...++/1=1
01.+1.=@#0..++10.+"10.1.+
10./=+N/30/M.F0+001/3.=;+
OR+.0HR+/L++.31R..=L 1.0..H.
.+10...3J0.=..+F0/.F0.VN @C.W
N F0O 30.= /. .+/ 3/. /M. F0 N +
./=+./+3.3/./.*
F0.++/N/=$Z /.13.J../+.0+%+
+/[Z /3.+.+.31.3.+H+ 3S+[

3./O03++0*=*0+.0NR*+U3S++
3.+.N0./=LV NWV /..?W .H0+
+E30+.E3E33.33.3UN/F0+.
++. +. N . O 0 1. % 3/ .30R. ,R+*
@
.*0++
%=
@C
?/=
27
.30R.:.1-,R+*UZF0R[..= .J= J"
J3%W%.M++J./3*./3++./3./3
%W01+++..U30..J.+/3..*M
+OM.+.*0+0/.%3MW%3M"
VF0R/.+*JW.0.3+.0*+.0/O.H++..
.0/0.00+/0.3+
333*+3+WF0J+."N.N.=+".
.?+3...+3=3N.3.3..+1O+*0
EO 3 . + + *0 1+" + 0 N .. + 1+-
.03/+3++/0"+N+..0..*.+1+0 "
+.0++J.+1 +..0+ I +/0= N
31N+3.+.30..3NO++0/ I>"S.+.N
.+*J= N/1O..N//0O..N/?.= N
./0N0/F0.+F0N= N1H../...
N0...//0.+O0.+O0.+H+.+1
++/+= NF0.**J.U.NF0.0.
H./#.++.= N.*. .H.*.
=I Z<0R N NN .. J/.[ + /0" .. . E+.
/.+*0EO+*01+U+.M.F0N1+./.
.S3/+..+.+1-++/3.0.F0.M+.M*0+.+
+.F0.M+.SN..++H.++/0++N++
..+N.*+ IB F0++..*N+++
N0/.33F0R./3.F0+1F03.+.NJ
I
+#++=
I>
+0/#g/=
I

"X Y=
IB

"X 0Y=
28
+=
.+.*.=+.*./+.*.
O= . /R +. . 3F0 + * . 0 =
%.H.=Z F0R/3[ +.1.+.1.=NW13
H+M10.*+W$+1W+O0.W+
- W++W.....M.=./..*.+.01.
0.N=$0...+../*N.N.+.M/
1J=VF0R...W./".H+W F0J.E+.1O.
+/.J1.I@ *.=N.++*..+++*3S+=
$1R..*1/+S*01R.+.1.+3./30-
F0..//...//././.N/++*0.F0J+O.
.0./.NO.1?../03..30R.30J0+
3 =VN3.N/.W/3. W%./.H./.=V W
%M.W . + ./."e+ F0 . .. +J. /R /R. 0 HMU
HM3*.1+- 3-+/E+3+./3J.
+3+.+.=&+3R/.+3N=
JU0/3+..M...../J.= N1....ZF0R.1[
+*O+..../10*..0.///=.30R.+.
.0-/.NM.."N+ II .+-+.+N*0.00
3. 0//.+.+/+.../0+./. IT/&0++/ID
.+ +.+=&0++/+H./.0+3+F0+"+.10*.
. .U +. .3.+. . +. O0." + N. M F0R. N . +
1*-.>D>+.O0.+%=NN03-++*0= NW
I@

"XN.Y=
II

"X+Y=
IT
(%c./.=
ID
&0++/=
29
H0.W..= 3J3...?.= N..
+ N F0 30 0 F0+ 1+U + *+ 0 .*
0J./.3U.10++.U.M-.+/3
+U33/+.H..+.3+.0/+.+
1. +31U0.+.N++/++..O0-*
./+3.0/O.33.J++U.0./.
3.N0HU.H*0F0.M0/3+F0+..J.N/
+.30+."./*F0+-+*RN0/.M/F0+
1+- ..*M.3 ZF0R/3J./M./.[
3.0F0-..0*I.1M./F0NM3.3 3
.F0//.0.3F0+ (OH.MF0+/+ (
.1F0./.N.+3 .03S30.3.F0/.
-./.- ?./.++.
.*+.1..+1+UF0./..H/.F0%F0N
10+ /R+ /R++&&.M1+1%+
%=
.VN.//W
$./*+0U./O+/..+0/0*
.+-0+O.+./=$+++/+N-=.1O.+/3
+.?.+.?.+.+0=&/0+/H0.=..+.
3.+.+./M.0+...H0.//3++.U3. +. +.
0*0.. .. H+.U + H 10+1 . U . /- .
I

"X .0*Y=
30
+ + /M. ./3+ 0 + 0+" V . + /.0/ +.
H+ .H.W 3 . +- + + N/ + N0/= +. ..
*=<01*N++0 /J3-WN/M.3-F0+
- +W F0J + F0 F0 + 3= 0.3. + N0/= VN
10 /.+W . 1/. . 1+." . .0* O +.
M.H../...0.++1-/M..30+0+.+N
F0 /3 + = N / N0+= + 31 .M ++
R/.H+.=+J:/J..H0.0 .H0.HR.++J.F0+= IC +
3./=Z<0RN[ *0.31R.+J=
F0J031..=+3.F0.M./3/-+03H
+ +. O. 00/0+F0 . + 31= ,0. +/ /M.++M +
N-++-+H.M+*1+=.U3
/-=..0U3./J=..0H= 0..0?.1++
+1N0/+ +*0O+.30+.3-01.+
..0..0?.1...MN31*.++/..3.=
*0./0U+.F0/0O..J+.F0++==
3+*"./3..3=.O0.F0+++*03.=.O0.F0
..00..03*=.O0.../M.F03.=
0/+1=

J/03+1-.M3+3+NF0N.3+.NO.=
O+ONM/=NM++*.01-UM+3
0/.+3M0/.U.M.+*0.F0.++/0
/0 . + 0M + * 0 ./J= ++J .M + 0/+ /3.+
1"+F0++*++J..33+.F0++*=F03+.+.3
R++=./3+F0.0/NJ3=+O+.
IC

"X.N+Y=
31
+O+.3J0.+1.+.N1.+=F03+.N/..+
/0.+3.3R+=.F0++H.++/.F0
3+.3+1O+F01.-.+S.
.++//..O.1.0+03.++0-+//
+.+.=.3.+/+..3.3..11.1.
F0+./..++/+.H0.+++N-*/3J/.
.03H000++/.01/+R1.
+..0H-+0/...N/.F0.+..++.= .J.
M+O*?.O.N+*0.+/...J
.*0N.++0/3O./O.+1-3*1.H..0.
+/.//3*O++M++=$.1....+
0+F0JO++M.R.+H.VN T/./J.W
T
?/=
32
9
&i 8
=
&i &&

:== %%$ ==
8 &

#
,

# $5
= $ 6'
>B$I,
>@

'

& &

,&&

+ / + . 0 + *0 & . .

E//33F0*S30+N/0R./M.11+.
.0.+.F0+30+**L*0N.+.0/..++.
H/.=
F0++./3..R+..NN++.++..
0 &*. 30+. . /./ .= 3/. +
.&*-.++0+.+.**..+*
+131F0+30+.0.0...0/..0.1..+..
O.0+* .0.+.=F0.+*0...3./..
.3./0./=+...3O/3+/...
.33*/+0+3.3+.++.N+1-
0++U 3 . 0 ++ .+J 3. . .0 . / 3 + 3+J /
34
H+.0..0/.30.3.0+N=.1F00
/M.F0..+/0.0.NO.U3/.+JE3
1+0/+/0+.R.0J+.3.F0+.NO.
/. 0/..= . 3 + 1 +. **. 0 /-+ 0.
0+0-H/= +.+/.1F0.0E.
MJ.*.30+././+.+..F0NE.=
>=' %&T>9/.+.**.N++/./+*0
+././.....J..+.30+.F011J+
++. +. F0 ++/ #(#& . *0++ + . 0 +. . F0
/.0N.=$+*0++./193F030..+.
/M.-.+03/+3J+**+N/.H.
./R.++.=/..++/M.+/F0.0.1..00
/M.3H/M.0.01*.0/M.+=1JN+.F0
1O 3 & . .3 + * S/ . 0.. .+0+. F0
N++3.=+E++/+3J.0+..0/...+.
0+.NNN+.**.0-.+.9+F0N30/O
F0+-N+++.+.**./.3/.+0+
+0*0++.+..+.**./.=
= H "
) =L/..3+.NO.03J..
.H00.+0+.**.MO1+/0.30..*R
1. *O= 00*0.N/.00+.+.NJO0.NM+.+
++-+.O.F0+./*.1N/.H+=
/3 + ++- F0 . . F0 ++* +U .+J H/ F0 +
N/.0.*0++./OF0++=0F0J0
N/ F0 ++ 3H + ++/ F0 F0 XN/.
T>
+ 3J3./-+0/ ..3J*H.3+=
35
0Y3XN/.YF0+.00.0.33X0Y
F0+3.0/.0M=e11..+/.0/
/+++-= /3.3.J.0N.++.0H0
*.0O0.+.01.0/-.+.+/
/H.+.0=
B=0 =L.11.0.H.+.NJE1/0N
.3.0* F0H0/R0++J./+30+**=J
/+ /3? .0+ + U *0. +. .3.
H.0. J3+/S+1+/J=.
+0H0+F0+.N-/3+J+..O.+.0.+.+
+..U3+0/+..+./J+33 +
1*0+/ E.1U3+03H.0+0++
+/ +/30+.+H+../=L..0..3+..
.*0+.**.++*.*.H/..=
/R01H.*..F0SNH+M
+.N./.+&=E.1/H.+3+
F0.0+0F0.+0..3*R/.3+-
0F0-=1./J*?.3.+.1J++
31N=
*.+F0.3+.*.N3+.F0+.
NJ ++1 1O +*S + .30 = 0 0+ .
H3.0.1.+.M.= 0F0./3.*0.
.*0J31+.."..F0.+J++.++/3+
H0*3.NJ/-+/= 130.F0./O-.+.N/.
+.**.3.J+1-0./+.0+.=
@= '

#
=L0.N++.**./
36
030++1.F0..3./0N.0...F0..
03/..+.0.33.F0..?+1.3.0.H.
H..0/.=+*0.+.**./?..0.U./.
*./U.3..+*.=HJ+.+.F0++.0./
HN*++.+ /..N+.?." T/3J
/+. *+.. 3 0.+/3 .+J N / 1 0 +.
.0/.+.0.F0.0.+.=.0/+H0+.+.0..
+.**.3F0+*0./.++F0.J3103+
.= .0/3O/3++.++..3.30+0H+.N/.
+.O0*.3S+.+0+/+1.3+. .F0J3N.0.
++.N.+..F0++.O0*.=3J.*0.0/.+0F0
+1.+..0/.31+H0+H0-+.
0..=.3 *+F0+-+..0.M.33+
+.O.+ +.00.F0+.+.F0.J+1-O.
.=. F0+..3.F0.NJ.0.
30*+/+.++-+.++ =../+.
..J./1..".J0.0+N+.
O.....0F0N00**F0/.F0++.
/3./M.*J10F0 .+=
I&B
$

=L30.*+F0+.**.F011J
+..+.+ .J+F0+3..
M./M./*.+.*.++0OF0+.+/3X0./3
3-Y3+F0.0.NO..0/.+/J+*F0J
NM./0.+1+= H/F0+M+.1.+.1
3.3 3.+...0+++/
T
*N+.=
37
./+M1.+..O.+.=J/R+*0...
/?.. / + . 3. 0. N.
/0N/.0+.F0+.+.+&0F03.0+*00..*+.
H0../3.+.**.+.M.=F03..
..H.N0./0.*0+0+.**.3+F0++.
/./...J..+./M.30+..03.++.=/0.3
*/.J/0+-F0.+.N./M.+O.0+.F0F0
H0++0*. F0.N++=./.1J/0.
.3J.3-+/..+ +&++3-
+M0.L+++0E TB +8HUF0+.
//...+./0H0+=.F0++0
+ - N+R F0 1J +. N+. 0 /. + /S
+*0O++* L+*.L/0.+.*.H..+..0
.0/ /. / 0 O0 30. +. N. + . + /0
F0.//./3+.M.= .30F0+*0+++
+.**.++.30+.NF0++/. *0.N+.0+*0=
.03..+N+R=N++*...0.
30..0/S.U3+....0.H..0+0.30+
.3J0E+0/ **00 +0++
+F0N./+.+./1++.+**=+./O../.
NN./0+ 3+.**.O+ ..N+R.30
3.N/..3.&=
T=F
$

=L1+/33*3+
1 /" 0.. ++0. +. .M ./. N. ..
31..=./11+.*0.**../M.S
TB
0E=
38
+.**./3M.=+/+.3..F0.+.3/./3.
+H +.+...3S+..+.N/.+/3+.J
+. 0. N++ H0* /3?J= + +. . H1J + 1
/3.=.+/./F0+O.N.3.+.+.
.H.+/O++..+1.F0*.++.+.
3+.0..+0=/3..J. ++3+11J+/3"
+. *. .. +*. 11J ./3 +. 0.= . ./O.
/.+++.1+.**.+.S+/./3.+./+ A

7
!'.1F0+.0..+J3.0/
1..0..*.=./M.F0...
F0+*3&..1+0N0+/+/3=0J.
. H..00M+0O./11J.0.N.+.+.+8
0M1- .=$+F0H+/3++-+
;+F0.+J+.+.+000* =#J.F0
+ 8 . 3* F0. .3. 0 + R3 3/1 3 .0.
H+-.H+.F0+.**.3/S0.30.+.O0*.
+J/3./.*+/+;+=.:HF0*
/0N+.1..F0+/333..+ ;++..0.
*0.=/..+10/+3H3+.**.=
D= >

T@
=L. 0.**./M.*0.
.0.0+/+*0./++.+/3/+.3.F0/3+.
..=..0.+33/M.F00.++ 3+. +0*HH
. H0* +. N. 1. .. 3+*= +. /./.
F0J./.0.+++0 *./.O/3++F0++.
.0.=0+3+ JH.0.0.++H0
T@
+ 3J3"X0
Y=
39
+. /0++= + 3+. H0 + + .0 3 + /S
.3?..3.3.030.+3/M.H.*0+0=
+-/R+++.*0./3+...03JF0/.0+.
F0J+0O.0.3+/3*0+0+NJF0.01
*+/+ 3+./+0*.*+F0.H..30+.=
3.3+0N+++0.30F0..0J+
+++/0030+././.NJ.0MH=
. ..0 3+..M./++.+//M./M.0/++.
+F0++* +H..0303+E+.0NJ=$+/./ *.
*.0.=JN..30.0//.+*0.
/++..++F0.+1+ /++/.0
H/+0+= +.3JH03F0+...0++0
M.3.HJ+.3J.HM+/H.=/0++.J.F03+F0
3J +O. / 0 *03 3F0? +. 3.= . 0 E3
+=
++J+/F0.+-+H0.E30*++
0+/0++.+31J..*0E3.../+
+/+NJ00H0= ++0
F0++.*. H+-../ + 0F0 . EJ.0.H+.++/
30+/+ +./3+.H.3S+..0.3/13.0
3E+/ F03J3.0.+...31.=
&./3./R+.3+-.3S+.+./../0
+0/.3 ..+J0./+.++.N.+0
0/N=+..0./++J+.+0/.+.3+-.U3+.
++. .N. .0.= H 33+/ F0++. 0. +.
0..F0.1J++....*0O.3M0+./.F0+.
40
0...13F0+.F0.**.3HJ+.N.3+.H
O/M../0N.3..=NJ++J/3..F0N/.F0.H*0
.0./.+0+/3.1O+H+.00../3.=
.+...31..++..*H.3F0+.**..0J.0.
..3F0+.1.H0.3+.+0++.*.+++
30././R..=$1/. /+./3+.+N++.
H.3S+.+.**."N+/.N.0...31.=
=F
=LH/...+...+H+.
++./3F0.0..30./..H0"+.**.3+
3J/3?.3.0./.+1J3S+=:/M.J.0.
3. 1. O. F0 . + ++" 3J .0. .. /0. .
0/3.. +3030.0 2/++4.0 2+4=
J+30NH0+F0+NJ/M..*03+.N.+.U3
0...+.0/++/3+32 3.
++1.4H0.F0+.+303N.3
+*0+.F03.=.30.+....+++.03
2 4 +0+/3+.=++300
.N3.-2400.+..+30.+32 4
.0.+1F03.S+3.H.+1*++
300+.?.=+1+3.-0302 4
F0NJ+.0+0/+0.N+0+J
.++/+.1..0. +.N/.=.
/R+3+/S+.../...1J++...+.+.
/."+/3+.3+.&R1%+.MH..
/=%+NJ0.*0302 4F00J+3+.
41
3..+./0O.2 4"++J.++++.0?.=+.
.. . . .0J +. 3.. +. /0O. + 0 .*0 3
./O + 3/U 3 /M. /S 3 03 / .3 H ..
3..0.*03.2 4+1.+3+H+3/U
/0.30.+F0+3+=HJ+.**.11
3.O3+F0.0.N./..**..*.//.
/.N+...+.0.03.=./.*.++
33+/S3F0?..0./F0++0-+.1JS/3+
30F0++0/=+3.+J1.2 4=+N
Oe/+.0..++F0.3J3.3R+=J+H+.
+..3..0..N*++.+F0+SN
F0 J N/ 2 4& 1- . . H0* +. .
3.."...+.+.. 3+?2
4& $/..N.+*+J../3H..
1=NF0F0+.3+.+.3/..+.../3+.
.3.+8J3..3./.F0+.+.../0.+
0" /. + 3+ H.= 0 / +. .+. + *
33+ F0 J +. 3. /. +M/. ++. /+. e0
/.1 % .0. .+0+NN0++.S+.++/
+ .TI .= 0. + 30 +H.2 4
/++.+..0.3.N.+.*+0.:==U/..
. H0 .. . *+. F0 3. NJ /3 20
1/**0F0.+4L.F0.01.N/..
/=+.3.*..3.0.*.+/++
...H+.0.+JN/0+.H*0..3J
TI
+ 3J3"XY=
42
+0?.3+*.F0.+0O/ =+.3..+
3+F0NE1++/301.1J/0..F0+
*R0F0O0././=
C=3* =L/+0**11J33+/++
3S+1J.0./M.F0/+0*.*013*0.0H/+
+/ .0. 33. . E? F0 .0. /0+. 2 4 H0. /0
O....=%+./J+0+.3+.3..+
.H1F0+.**./+.*.0.E?.+.33=
/M./0.+.++-+O0**+.O.3.+./0+.F0.NJ
H0 +0. +. 0+. ." 0F0 NJ 0. / + 30+
J.+./0+..00..=0*++.3J0+.
N-/M...+131=
/. 30. 3 F0 H0 .++ + O0 /R. +.
3/.**.0F0+.*0J+*0O++-H/F0N
. O/M. *0+.= 0 + 0+ + .0. /0+. / .0
3N/.=TT.++**H0/0O+.1..F0+/3
30/M/++N++H+ ./NS.1 TD.+
.++/M. /3MN.+J/*2H*=>4= T *0+.++-0.
.0..+.0/.J./.1..H..O..0./0N.
3. &= .3+. . +. .++. 2 4 F0. +.
24/.//.EF0.. /.O../O.
3+.O.+./0+.N=
./R.++.-..3+
+F0.-.2 4=/J.+.N/.+3/1
30+/+.+..3.H-.0.3+...+.0+
TT
+ 3J3"XN/.Y=
TD
?/=
T
#R.3=B@=
43
+.F0NJ/RSN//31.+*S.3N0R.3U3+.
**./J.+N.+...= +0./..3
/".+./..+N /J.+.3J.33
.+.3.=+./3.3/1./.+J0/.3.J=.
/..HO.N.+/.0+O0+.
+.**...=.J.+++/NSN+.+..
+-0+=F0+.J3..+.O.F0
/++J.0.3..+.0+..+J.1../0./+3.+
/0./=./R+.+1N/.0/1++...0.
+M/3.=.J.3-.-.O.1.O.31*0=
+./.+.0.+.N+*0J./.+...0O0
3+//01.++.../3=
.3+.H0.1.
0N++.0N..0./.30.=
>=+
)

8#

&9F
24! &9.
F0++.1.0...31.+.**.eNN..+3.1...
L.0..00.J./.++.H.3S+..0.33+/3F0
. +. /. . H0= 0 /S/ .0. +0*. 3S+. 0
24 .0./.N/..+0/.F0.+J./M/+3.+
H.U 3 + F0 3J +. **. F0 . O0 ++J .0 . +. ..
+.F0./+3.0.33..++//?=
+M*F0.1/33/.N.F0++.3 .=.0J
/R* F0- +.30. .0.0.= 32 4 +
3+. . . / 0 /+ ++- + &=
%.0.30.*./0++.24 +O.24 ENJ+.
/./0..+.*/.F0+./3.01=$.30R.
+R3+F03 /2@@==4/--.0.++./0.
44
M*0+..0/.0+F0F0 +*./O+3+
01$f=JH0.24*.0+.H.00.
/.3S+.+.*0+.++.F00.03.3 +*0
++.+.0.31.=
>>=+ "=L+./3+./0N1O+.H./M.+.=
/301 +. /3+. +. 0. **. /+. *+.. +.
0.+=#+.+33+..+.1..1O.=
.+-+..0JF0N0N.N3.++.0
03/..0+...03+.00=.0./M.+.+.
/3+. & .M . 2.4 + 2H*= B4U &*
2 **4+./+ +U*U 0U. .
+8= N.0+./../0N.=+./M.+.++M
./..0+ /.+ /.;H.+ 3+
+H.+ TC2+ 4 .=HM+..+0*.F0NJ
../3./0+O..*.+*S.+.0+.*+/
X+0*.+.Y/F0++.F0N++. *0..0.= D ...H0
.+33+H/3.0.M+.++.+*0.1.
M.3///*=J0++.U3N/3+=.
0+.**./-.0+3.0./M/+3..H.
.0.1..N-3.31+.../.*.++.=
>= . /- 3 / 3 +. H. /0. /
.0..33..1+..+.F01.N-+/+.1*.+
NF0.0JN+.3+...3/.1*.N.
+++/=/3++=F0.3+.++
/0+3++..3.1+.+++..03H.E/.+.1*.+
TC
+ 3J3"X Y=
D
*0./=
45
N0/++O0-0+=..+/3+
H//./O3+O /M.3+= H
... .++.+0/.F0++..0.++/
/ + .0 . +. +0/.= +0/ 2H*=B4
N/+31/./+.+./M. .0.1.
/+=+H0....*0.+*/NN2 4N+/=
J.30./+.3 +..J.=+./3+./M.*0.+
+0+3+ 01.//F0.033M/=/+
+0/ 0 N 3+ 3+ 24 H/ 0+ . + F0 1 0 /
0 (# 2H*= @4= . 1 + 1
# N ++ + F0 .
3.+1*.+/+.3/.H.U/...J
+.1*.F0H/+N+.0+./.3.+.+.0.-..
* F0J+.*03 ++/ ++/ )
F0.

)F03.+.-.+.*0.1*.+.3/
" 24N.-.3F0.H*0.30../3
+++.3F0JF0N0.1*.= +H.1J+.
3 .+++///+O0+++F00
.03H3+*0+
" /++3+/S..0+0=
.3+..J/+..0..3.O-0+/++
.0.+*3H0. =. .O HJ+
+0O+3+U++/F0.0J/0/+03+UE
.30.0+0UF0.0.+0/....0.F0
3.0H0.UF0.0.H0../M....+...J..3.
2H*.=@@4=J+./3+.+0/..++HN2

4+
HN+H2)

43.0.0+.2
4/+H*=B=e$
03J.N+.+0/.+2
4/+/3+:S3
46
+J/3 D> .=..+..0+/.+.00.HM+.
/3+..3.0N/.0=
>B=.F0+.+0/.O .0F0/3+.H0/+ .
H0 1- 0.. &U .+1 3 / /3+. 3F0?.
O. /0N ./ 3 + +. ..= +. +0/.
...N.+./3. +O1.*&
N.+R3+/ /=
+ E F0++. /3+. .3+R .0. N. +0/. 3+?.
33.3//0N0/0.3+3 /3+.
3. N0/+.0= 1J*+/"M/2 4+
.*24+..3..3F0?.M.+.*
24=.. +.N+3F00J+.0+.U
+..33+.++.+0/..N0/+.
.H."+.**.3.F0+.3+*.JH.++=J+.
/3+.*.0+0/F00+3E+3+++
+0/EU..*0+0/.0.+N=$N+/.+.0+
+* **.0.1...+.H.1..00+= ./O3.0
.++./3+.+.+0/.3 .F0.+JH++.3+-.
/++*+./0++.+.0.30/=
>@=< %!" =L$../.H./.+.
.0J 3 / . F0 +. NJ *. -. 3 . ++
+.+.0.F03+H//0++//O1.=.+.
.0 .+F0.+/
& 1JE.
3.-. 0. 0 .3.J./ /0++ 1. .0 . /
NS+=0.30R.0.+/M.+HH0./0.F0.++/
D>
+ 3J3"X:S3+/3Y=
47

+F0.0.+.3..3-.0F00.+.
O0.03./M.3F0?..O=./O.
.. /0. 3+*+. F0 +*0 N F0 . HJ+ N++ N +. O00. /
.0+*=.30 .0./-++*0*.3.
.0///3+/.N3+/.+.*/S+.
/M.. +./0++.**.+.+0. D+.%+.+..+
/M. + + /M. O0. 0 N /3. F0++.
/0/.+&=./00J.F0HH+3++J
.0+*3.F0++1.*.F03/O0-*
.0*-=
'

, $
>I=3

=L$N/..+.0.H.&"/3
.F0/.//+30+F0++.11J=#/.3/
/ 11J 0 0 /S 1+ +0* E3+ .0 / 11
.0/. + . //. + . .0. +. . 0
0+=
...**..+J/10+033+J+0
+. N. 3. . / .0. +. .= 0 3 .030.
/3.+0*.F0/ 00*03. .F0*-+
/.+.0.+O+.N.3S+.=0..R3.
/.+MH+1. /+.O.3+.+++J=.
F0.3..?+.O 1.+/.E/+.+F00
D
+ 3J3"X+0N.Y=
48
+1. /0..3+F0NJ+O.+
//M.1.3.+".3J.+.0.+..3.+.
O0. . +. . + /R= . . .3
E3+"+.&.11J/M.+/ .F0++0
.3=
>T= '" "# "
=L. **. 3 +.
+.+1. +JN..0+ +10+O
*0F0/.01-*0+/+.N.+N=+1
H/+0.*0./+N+JF0+.*0J/0J.+
24+0+1.3.=...J+.N.+
N"+0240.J+.+M/3.U+F0/3J+.N.
F0+.+N24U+24++0/3-
+.*++.=+J3+.03..."+3/3 +
/?2 4U+.N.+/?.+/JF0/-++.
* + 3+- + /2 4U +. N. + + /J 2
4+.S+/.N.+24=/.0N.+.3J..
+.003+/J.N.0?3-+.**..+1
/0/3.+3/+0-++=3.0/?.
F0++N3F0N1.*.F0.0.NM./?+*03+
/?=+.3/./3.++1++++*/03O0-*3+
F0.1+./.+R3U.J0.+.+*0/+.=+H.
+13.*N.+ +O0.+H.
/0./0+.//.?+M+*.F01=
>D= +
",=e0*F0.1.J/+**0.0
/0 +* F0 . ++/ + 0+ .3 + HR F0 . / N +
+1.&./0N.30+.=..0J3O.+
49
3./M.+N.+N++/0-= F0..J+
.031=+0*+**1.F0++.3..F0..
N+ *. . F0 .+. .0. ..=e /./ NJ
/=e/.+.1../.03./+3++= 11J+
0.+N1.0N.N. .+//.0
H".11J+/3NJ/31O/33.+0+
N F0 /3- 0 * + 3+- + /" 3F0 . NJ *.
/3.F0.0.0J+.3/.N.+./+U.++J
N++.0./*.1.+.1.+.../F0++3
+J3.0.3.,+.=
>=+ "
=L.+/J.+.*.F0..
+.+0*.3S+.1+1J+**.0./.0+/0-2 4= 1J
/3+./+.**./.+/3+/+JF03+
+/0-= . +.. 3. F0 /J /M. /3 3 + . .0
3+/+*/M.F0133+/?03+.N.+/J
.0.+-.+++3.3+.3 .0.+0*.
/N+/.0*0.3+0*0.=F0/R0.
3+J.0.+.3...J0..H...J
30.=++/0-+.+....00+0."+1-.+/0-
.1J+.?./..J/+/+/0-**/O.
+.1= J./*3+0ON./.H0.+J+
/0N1.+/..0/+1../
N= H.+J.+J1-+.N/.0.NO.*/M..
F0+.S+/./3./30?+.1NO.+.
/M.1..0./*.=+3.0+.+1+1J.0.../+
/24+33++J+SF0+.**.*+.0./*.=
50
3. /0 .0. 3+J 33+ .* + ** + N +
1. +/S.++.0H/++....0..=
N/3+J/*+.0../3".JH 1.
.+J.3+N/+3/H.++/-.0.
/*.0++..+.30.F0.*0/.31.+*F0++.
N.33.0.N0R.3./31.F0=+.*0.0.**.
NJ...+/..+3S+0 +N=++
/33./+./.++0OF01/+.30+.
/ F0 . 3+* .0 E. H0 OM. 3 N /M. + +.
/.=0/++.**./.30R.+/J0.
.+J/+0.33/3+J+*0H0++
0+1+1J.+N/+2 4& .J/1J.+.
+.NS*.+.+*.N+..8HF0.1+.3M.*0.=
+./3.N. . .N++/.+/.+.0+3
+ F0 /0N. 0 F01/ 3 XY + F0 0 H0= .
.F0/F0+/2 4 .//M.+
24ON.33=
>C=+$

=L+1.0++**/0.++
H/+=
.0/.O+2 4 ./*.
? + 03 + + ++ 3 0 0 = 0 + +0O 0. +.
..N+1-++.O.++1+*+
F0+.3.
+.+J?/*.=../3+.3+./0/EO
/33 + 30+ **= +
++1 0*/ 2 4 H/
./O+0/.R.3/M.02 4+0+.++
.+03/F0.+O+.+-+-N=. DB
DB
+ 3J3"X .Y=
51
+//+333++1.3F0..J3.R.++1
+/.//..01..0+F0+++1.0F0++1
+
30.LO0-*3+/1.+F010+.0/0F0
++1.OR++
=0N.+.H*.3N/.H/..F0N
++* N. .. +. 3. 1.. . / /30 1. +
H+.2H*=I430+.0++ D@
/= + + + + F0 3 +
+ /U 3 . 0.
H0/.+..3+/.1.++-0+.0+
1=
= +J+.**.0./3+.0O1++/
24 .0OM.+ 3 . + N/ 0 +H+ 0 N= J .
/ ././M.3F0?.*0..24+*0.+.0+.
H/0+/.=+1++.*0.+.1O.=
3F00..+.**../U.F0H0./3.0/++.++1
+-.0=./+/3.3J0*3+.02 4
/0 O0. + -" . * *+/ 0. 3 +. .+1.= 0
1O++1/R3/3.+.+./.H+N.
+.24=+/S.+-.U3.+J0..30H+.
.24+.++..+....+*..=+-+
*0++1*0J.0.241.+..F0+.0J03
+ 3= . ?/. 0 . LF0 +. /3. / ..
+* .F0O0.O/M.+..3.L0.O.++
24/.+.3 +.3.1.+++&=
+R3 .0S.>/.2/.3..0..40
/>T03-3.N=.+..+1.0.
D@
0.H.=
52
/M.F0+
/*.0F0..+/3.1.J
3+.0.=#.O00/0N0/**N30+
+.3.+./30./.J.1.0.-0+.=
>= +
"
=L +/ +. **. 1
+ +.30..0./..0./.3.+.F0.HM+
++0*+=.H.1F0/J/0./F0++.
NR.N. ./F0+.**.N. .F0E..30R.F0++
/1++.=.0+.NR..E* F0/J+J1.
1...3..333++.L0N1L./M.
/F0+.31= 11
.3+30=+/R3..F0.3..3F0
/O.+*+.3..0.3+.NR..0
NJ./=.E.//+H0/0.*++.**.
/3.3..F00..++++33 +.+.3++0NU
0F03F0,+++.0*0../3+U30.F0
+.NO.030+*-.H/./0H.+.3+.
+/.=
=..J/+/+N/3/0N+F0NN+
/+/&"30.N*.F0.O.031
+*.3+.J.+0O=+3/S+.*0.**.
H/.0./3+/.2 4 N
24F0/O0..*01F0/J./M.
-F0.=M.J3.F0+33OF0*S/O".
+3..3=&.+..N*24+F0NJ3
24=+3*+/.+.**.30+
+. .. / + +/ 33+ F0 . +. /M. /.+. +
53
/./ ++/. 31. . +. 0+. 24 F0 /
0..3..= .J3./R+.N.+*0.F0J
+3=J/0N.+..3*NHN./-+.=
J /R 0. 3.+++. 2 4 F0 /+ 3F0 +.
**..+0.+-S2..F0++*+4/.U3H0/
..3.+../++.1.=.HM+.0.N+-.3.0./.U3.
.*0F01..+..*0..O0J.1O.++..3O+
/++=/J/R0H...=1J.3..+*0/.../O.
+..1J+..+..+.-.+=J0+.
0./+.3/...30.+..30R././0+.+3=
J/0N./ +.N*...+.01.3..2 4=3.030./M.
/S.+/ 1*++.../30.0?.*J+.H0.
.0.N0.33.=+0.+3.++* .H0+.0..
.F0+1.*.+3.30+/+3+ =+3-
*00+..E3S+.*0+.++*3.,*-
R/+.1.3.*0.+/..F030+0
+.*0.**.=J/M..+MH3..+F01J+/
*+./M.+O....3?+.=
B= ..JN+ . + /3. + F0. +
+*0/.U31-.JN+.+/= JF0+
/.01. +.1+.H...H.30.++*0O/S+
+J++/X1J/Y2 4 3. -=
/+./3.N./J130.+.S+/
3NR++*-.=+..-+/M.0.++=.1.
/0.0+U+..+1..*0+*/O3F0+= 0
+.N01.3+/F0++...0+0*..1J/N/./+
54
& 0.. J. + +1= + + ++* . .0//
./0++0O.NJ*+-&3+F0+./.F0
. 3 +. S+/. /3. F0+ 30+ . E?- + E
/3F0+.0. /.+..=
T=+##

=L&0./0N+.**../+.N
*00+J+30F0.0.0...0.
+*0F0F0J+./M.0..0.=J+/H+*0
..N+=.30R.+*0+F0/M.+.*++N"
3+1F0+.3 ./3/+.0+./+.**.
0+.F0N-*0+/++N1+/F0++=.3J0+
3/+N+..1O.U3./N3HJ+.3..**.
1 + +N F0.= + 0. + 1 0 3 . N- *+=
.*0J3++"+*+/M.03+/M.0+U+++/M.
.01U + /++ 24 . . / + /M. .+0+=
.*0J/R+13+/F0+30J3+.?.F0
.NU3..?+33+.N0?.3+/.
.?+N+.1.%".3F0./.*0+.1.H0
.& +=..+.++..+.../0N.++..0+
1+M30J+/O1=NJ*0"+3/O0*F0.+J
+3..30R.+3./+/OU+.01.3...
1./0.1*= +JN1+/-++*0.+3+E3
0/-+/N.H0++.H*.=.1.1*.
O..++..3=00.+J3NM++
H+N+/-++./300*0=J1+
*0..0/..33R+0*0=JF0
33*O3+*.+0.+1300.*. ++*M+
55
=+././.**..*3+H0+1&+.0+.
+.F01O3+3J.+.*0+= /M...J30+-+1
+.+/./+.+&3S/0N/M.H03+NMF0+.
**.3H0/...0.1..=
@= 7

=L.**.+.H.0..
H/.00..00+-= +33+F0. +30J3++
0?+++/ " 24U .O31N 8
) 2
4=/M.F0.+1. $

#
$

#24
F03 E//.30.1. +33 &
+.**.+0J+3.0+33+=N
F0F0+33/M./3++2 4 .J/+
..+0N./31././.+.+F0+
330=..33..++1*..3S+.U0F0J+..0..
+/3. 0..3+....3*..*R.
H/ + 3F0 H*0.+. *.. 3S+.= 33 3.+
1.+..J+/0+eO0.3.1.*..
.+1. +. F0 /3+ 1.. H. +. H. /R..=
/3.*0*./30../S+.**.X.3Y.0..
2 4 + 0+ F0J /+*.+. . 1+. 33
1.+..1.+3+.3E0.=
I= 7

=L .+.R3.+N.**../ +
F0-F0..J./+/O/M./3*RF0-+
N *- 31+*. N. . . 33. 3
0+. F0 H0.= . 3 J .0 H0/ + H/ 3/1 +
.**= 1+//F0+.+.3.J+3 /
/3331.0+F0-/./+....J.0/
56
3H./3=/R.0/H+./*++.NN.
3S+..3...*0.= +3+F0.J303.+
F03.J+*/S"..J+F0++/J/.N
X/.Y+03 3F0?.3.33..3.U3
+3.03+*0/.3*3+++.+.=
3F03*.3+/.,0.M.3.3.3/.
/*F0.01./.MN.0.M+.=
J 3. F0++. N. 0+F0 F0 01. + 3.1 . 3
+/3+.F00+1+=$/3.3..033+.
../..3.J+..3+F0 0..+0*.+.
++/ +. X 3.. + Y 2 4 3 .*0 . +. + +.
O.+.H.= F0+*0.../.3.0J+
+.+.-F0./F0+3 /F0.3
.3. *0+. ++. F0 * +0* .0 +- .0. .+1.
3.e+3 /+.3/1.33.F0NJ3*0
+.=F0+*0+3..E. +*01-30
0+*/3=.+...N++/.+/./330F0OU..
+/+./M.F0+F0+/0N0/3N/.3.J
3 +. /.U . . + +/ + .N + 31+*=e.
..++..+/..0+..+....+.F0
F0. +. 0. /M. 3. +. 0+. .1 .0. N.
0. . + 3 F0 . 3.. .0 N + /
EO24=
T= .0 + 2 4 3+ M+. 24= J
/R3../?.3*..++/.8 *+/
+ R3 N. .0/ + . +F0+ . ./3
57
330.../.0J.3+/+./.U+.3.
+*..3+J.+.F0+.+F0+U+.O33.30+.3.0
33H.0..+1./3+.=..//0+.
+.33.+.N./3=$.NN2 =@40M+..0.
30.33+.=N/HO+1+++.**.3F0
..N++H.H0.+3+0+.+.3
F003+0. U3+3O+.3..F0.N+
8F0+33+./0.01=
D= 7
#=L$ N/. N F0 +. *0. .. **.
.0. ++. .N. *0+. J 3 1+ 3 . /0 .++.
.../.=F0.F0.3+?I.:==30
.0./+10N./=/ ...
F0+/./R3N0/+.+...+.../M.H/..F0
. H +. .0. 1.= / . 0+ .. .. F0 H0
./+.0.0+.&01./3/0O3=++.N..
0F01+J/M.F0.X/.YF0./0...3..0..
+0..F01+J/.=/ ..+.0.F0++/3F0?
F0 1+J . /. F0 1 . 0. 0 3..= +0*
+J. . N/. 0+. .0 /3 /- .0. ..
30./F0++* ..30R./S*=../O.N.0
+3+*0...00/.=. F03. 0
F0+F0+3N.H0.>/.=
=...3../0O./3.+.F03*/.N30..
..30E3+.. +3+NNF0 .F0.+0/M.
330+.&NJ.0./0++.0.3/+F0
F0J.0...+F0NJF0.../3F0H=F0+.
58
0. .1J/M.F0+F03.00+.0...
11/.F0/3...M/.30+++.M+.
+F0+=
. /0N. F0+. . ++/ U .0
/.+ H0.+33/.03.0
F0+.0.=++F0+2 4+.../38N
N.0.3.01++F0..+/./F00.0.
33N/3/+F01+. ..F0H=
0/.F0+3/S+R.+3/
...+/.30/+0+....0+F0+
&= 0F0N/.3.F0/+**/3++/3+J
H0+..3R+/3/+.+./.+/./M.
M.3.HJ.=
C= 7
"
=L0+./M.+..33+F0++
F0/M../.F0H0F0-M+/M./3.+/=J/.3+
/0N.3.&+.F0+...+.03+.+.
/M..=.H.H03+/+..0./.=J.F0+
. . .0/ 0 +F0+ 330 + N
E3+0//000/3./.3*++
*+N003.+.30.+/+F0+=
1J.J+.3+./+++3J1+
/.R+/.0+F033.0=./
/3+..3+.+1*++++./.+3*300++..
.J/.N/3+.F0.3+...+/F00
/330+.0.=+30+./.+0*
H0F0-3 ."31N/.%+3+./.
=J+./+.*.31N.3F0.O.3
59
.+.0+.M.0ON0+*.+0/.+..3.+1.
/3.+F0+.3F0++H=
B= 7
" #&93
=L 3 /M./3 +
333.++3.. .+1.+=#J+...
**. + +.H + *+/ N++/. F0 +. .0/. F0 0
03.0../3 .033++.
0+.O0.=../0N0+/&++3+.
+.*0.."+.3/..0/.0..F03. &H03..
NN.+ 3+./. .= 0/3.3..
/0.+.*.H0."+.**./3++/3.00+
.+1.1..3+=./3..1..+.1.
..F0+3.. +0H 3F0?+/+
F0++.+..=.../M.*03 ..0/..+.
3....+.0../0HJ+3.*0N.
3R++.0...S=.- .0J+3+3/
+030/00.NJ+3R./..0H*J=
*/S3.00?0F0+.0/.3*.0++1
+*030EO"..3F0+R+.3J+3.
3.1+1J.+1+3../.F0+1
3+.*.= .J.0F0.NJ.+/+
= E0. . F0 H *J / + 0 *
.++3..++.J/0N/3/=
B>=e. /3+. H0+.3/. . &=3.++.3
.*0+..*.*R1+.=..././.J+.0/
3..3+/+..../3F0+&..+..
*J+..3S+.=+0*1.+...0.M
60
/3+/31=++/03+. +NJ.1
+ 33 3 .* + /. +. /.. +. F0. ++1 0.
.030+..+.3..0...= /0F0..F0.31.
..F0.++/R./XN.0/.Y=. +/0
F0H/. .F0H0+33.01.+1/.++* 1+
F0+0++ NO.0 F0.0/H0..0+./M.
/3. "5 3F0/013.00. +/+
0 . +. /M. . F0 .3 + F0 .+1 + R
3S+= 0F0+..+.. .1J/.R3
+&+1OH0F0+.+-3F0NJ/**F0
01..0.. =..F0R++.1O..0+.UF0+.
N+330..+.+0*..0M./NN
/0N.F0..+.3J..=
B= e+/. .30R. + 0? + /= +. H.
33+/ +. *.. . + 1 0 0? F0 3.
/1+/0N/F0+J.+/+0.+0?=.+
+.**.F0. +0..H/+.3+3*+.0/.3H
++.= . /* F0 + 30+ ,- N- N F0+ 0?
3.1=
BB= 7$=L..HJ+.N+..+1./+..
+.*0.F0NJ*H.0..+1.+./0+.+..
F0+.//3../M./++.0.F0/..
N0/.=*SH+ .H**3R1+F0H0.N-O +*0.F0
+.0 +.+10" . +.++* F0.0+
.=N0**.F0.30.F0.O.+
DI
**/0=
61
.+1.NO.&3F0JO.. +3+.M.+.*.
F0++/"3.- ..0+3+/O0.+*0+
*+**F01J.0.3..*0/.+1.3/M.F0+*0.
1..N.0+.0=.*+./*F00*S/
**..F0-M++0O+*+.+10+.3/./3.
&/.+.3..*S.0/U/M..0+.
H. *0. 1+. F0 ./3 H0 & 0/..U R3 3 +
.0/0-3+.F0+F0*..0?E3 .0.
R+/0.1= +J+.**./0+.N.+.0.F0
.3.0.*0.U3O../31+./0O.+.?.
F0.1J+0*/.+1.=+*0././.++.
30+.3/1.1.11JO..10/U.0.NO./J...1.
..+../0/3.U./J+.
30.++.F0NJN+.33*+/
0=.3++/...1.
U.+ U
& ..N/..10.J/M...0.*.++*
/3? .0. 0?. / .+. /. +*. /3 *0= 0.
..3./+..0.R*./H0./0.F0.+.
*J./ 0- O0.= . . N F0 . +/
/*0F0++N0.++* .F0+..+1.
3+01../+*+.?+/10.
+.3+.++.=
B@=e.F0O0/O+..+1. .F0.
0.3H+*F03..+../J+.0+.+0
3F0.0/+.0?.1+.+./.0..+1.33/O
.0.N.++.H+.+.+..1./.F0+.
62
H/. + . + /= . /./ 0F0 H0 1 3.
1++F0+.0..+1.3/++.3F0O.+./.3++
0+.F0.EN+0N0/?+10/*
F0+.3*0+/3++F0+.+1+/.03"
/F0..3+M1+/.?..J0/
1. + 3 .0. .+1.= + . . +* 1+1 + 0? +.
.+1.8".1F0+.F01+1JH0.+././.F0.+F0++
F0/3+.*0+.0/=.0?./3++/+..+1.+.
H./M.1+.=/0.0+3/S+..1.= .3.
03..0F00+.+1/R..3+..+J++*.03
..=/3J+1.+..1.0S0.+/*0*
3++/+/M.O*/3.=1/.F0R.03
F0R3+.J.0+=
BI=7=L+/+/R./M./3&/+.
03+ #& +.+./F0..0.1O.
*0.NJ/+/M.0."./+++..F03.J0OH= 0.
..+J../*.3/0+.=$.30R.H0.0.+.
.+*0+.0O.31O+0+. F0-M.+..-/+
+./.". ++ ..1+.*0.3M.=1-
+..0.++J..*.F03-3.F0H0./0
/3+++J**=...3O/3+J++.+++
U 01 /3 + + ++J F0 H. + /. +.
10++.+.3..e30.F0+..+..+++.**.U+.
+/.01++JN.+?@@.:==..+
+*0.....+0*..1+.++.3+...*03+.
....+.O0*.+J/3.+.3..H+.+.H.1.
63
+*.. ..?+*3*+EF0-++.
*0+.H..00++.=.//.+03++J
3J + +. /M. 0 ..J 0 ++ 3 +. E*. +
.1=
/+++./../.+0+/0N3/M.
+F0.00.+1= /.3 N.+30O
=//E3+.+.0/+.F0.0
F0H03* K )+++ +O= ++/ 0/3X0RH+.Y
-.00.++...3+0++-.N./0
+..+=.0...1J ++.0+.
/+."++*0++/&,30.
F0+F0. + 5F0/..J.=
130.F0&+.++./M.O+0OF0H0F0-=
BT=e0O.1O*0.0.33+//0+."
..+.0.S&=..30M3*3++.= /M.
.+. # !4 +./3.N/R.0S+
/0?.HO+1+0O3+S/0.F03R+NJ
.U0.1+J0-..X0.0.Y=.3M
+3++
F0.*H1 *=
/F0H0+ +++.33.
3.H0..0..F03./M.0.F0+...3+
+- +. .H.= 1 3 +/ 3. E3
,U++N1H00*+.**.=/.3./
0+3NJS*././+.+./.U DT3
3+/S+.0.+*/./J.+*=
F0001+J ./3 + /.03.e0F0.+J
DT
+ 3J3"X/Y=
64
3*/0N/M.3++.U3.3+00+.0.
03+..-/0?F0NJ&=.N++/.+
?@.:==/00/+3+30F0++* I/.=1+J
/.>/.00F030.13/+.0H.O0*.=
BD= e. F0 + R3 + 0 0 1+J 1O.U 3
3+/ + H H0 +0* /U 3F0 + 3 F0 +. 0. .
N...NJ/3+/M./S&F0+1O..= S
N30.1+1O /3J..31N03J..0/
3 *.++. M.3. 3. 3H0.. 3..
0+.F0./?.U+.HJ++0+1HM+
H0=NF0++./3..+...+.3..N1
.0. ?. . 1O. /0N. /. . 0 J H+
./*0+0=
B=e 1.J+*0/3.**3+.1OUNJ3?.+
../+.++NNJF0..*+++.++.+.
J.H..H.=./.F0/3.+&.F0+.+.
O . + . +. / + /0 +. 3 .0.
EF0..+.+F0NJ++.?..%*=1.+0*.
&NJ../.H/..3.0.O.+F0+./.
+./3/+.1..O0*.++.= ..
+/**F0N//.....=1JN1+.3..
1.0.?.0/..+.+0.1.+11/+.
/3...0-.3..?./.0+. .1+=,O1
+.3..+. *../3+HJO03+.
F0+1+./0+1?.F0+.3.1*+.+
3 + ? O0 0 .3. = .. . /R
65
3..N+/=
+.*+0.:==.01O .-1/.
/.03/./OH0..0+=.3+..+.."+.
./N0/./O++.1O.NJ.0
3+0.+.0.=
BC=e../R+. .F0NJ.0.3+.M.3.
1.0.F0+.NR./*0./0N.0=HR.F0.
*J./. /. +. *. /?.. + +
+/M.++.+..=.$//00.0+3+F0
H*0/0N+..+.**.=+*++F001./
+H.M+.+NU+31+++/0O0. ./3
+.=*/3+J+. #* /F03++.+.
+/.+F0+.*.-S.N3.."..0.0+.+.NJ
/+=/.S+/O&0F0+/.0/.R+
F0. +H+0/0.3+..+1..=
@= '

#
1 %
=L0+F0+/
3 + F0- +. **. ..J .. N. /3 F0
3. .0.0?./.3..+1.3..0+.
0?.11J+0=- 3F03.*..0/.
. 3.J / +. +. 1. .. 3. 1.
*./+./.../0+..=3+.*0.
1..H0..F0-*J+3.0O.3.S/=
F0- .. F0 +. 0. /0++. . .*0. . 3 .0 33
0+- /R 3= 30. * O0-* O0 + F0-
30+F0++./0/..3+R.+./O./3.+**H0
+E+0.1.0++.3J03S+/3.*.30+.=
66
./. H0 ** F0 .0. /M. jI 0 .0/ 3J
.E/3J3N0/++.=
@>=e$N/..0+.N.+..0/..+.33.+.
**.=.0/.N+**+ +.F011JO0R+e.0N*
.0.3. NO..1.e.0. 0..0.*. 3+.e.0.
..+O.0+* =.0/..30R..0..+++
O0.=
'

&&
&
@='

=LF0+03J3.
.+....0+.0.N.///+.+0+30O
/0N. .. 0 / 0.e. 33 . +
N*+**01R.3F0*.?J.+0.
+.//.H.+H/++.F0NJ/M.*.+*+.F0+.
+.10/=1/0N+.+.1+.N./R..+
** F0 3J 3 . /30/ / 0+. O0..= $ . 3
/+. .0. H/+. . + /0 . +. .+1. + .
./.F00.+0+3+=3JE.+N*E3
..3.+0?= ./J.0101+1JO+*0.0
3N//NO"..++1 +E/F0+.N/..3.
.0+N/0.0..3..F0++..0./*.F0./3.
+ 10 .0. NO.= . . .1 F0 +. .3.. .
+*...?1.+.?/1-R+U30N***
3+*+0/F0J.+00.3 =
67
@B&+, &90 $
=L.+..+.O./0O/M.
H1."+0+ +3.0.++-"+.++..3.+J
0./M.F00./3++*1.0.0ON.++*/.+.+
0301./03+.1.+..3.= .+
33+ N.+.N/.F0O/.-..0.2H*=T4=.
:++10+*N N+/*.F0+.0+.R+0
/.0+.0O00 F0H/+//.0.+
OU/.F0+F0++/ +++1O+N +0.
/=+/S+.O 1..+.0.+*0+++3+.
..*.03...++.=0N./0O..?J
+ ++ 3 + 0+ + + * + .? 0O11= O
.3+./++-+./0O.U3+.0/..H*0.F0
/+++./0...1F0+/&0.F0.+=0O.
N/..+./..O.U+./0O.++1/M.3.
.3+/S+./0?.++.=../..00...
1..+.++*.3N.+./3.3+*+
3-=0/.F0.3/M...-..0/3F0++./3.
/0.+../+.O.0.?=++/S+
1.+./0O.++3N++.N..0./.+
-HM.+-.H+.=
@@=7#" *
=L+*R1+++**F0++*
.../3H0.0.U.0.0/..F0N.3+J.+.H0.
0. H. + *0 N /M. . S 3 + ** 0
.3.F0+F03+.N/.0../3.+.U33./*
F0+.N/.&E3+..3.03../+.+..
+/0O3+0/3+/.0.+..= ++..3.+.?
68
+.03./3+0?3..+/3S+
E3..03 .3+..0.+.=+0+ .3+
..?3.+/0ON+/.+../3+./.F0
+.H/.33+*30.+.*..0.=.++
F0NJN+.0..+1.N+++/./.0N0.H0./33+/0O
**.33+.= /++..O1+.++.F0
1J+.J/M.1..F0+..0./*.J/.+.F0++.
++.F0.010.++33.=1-.3.
3S+.3..+.H0+.+*S//.0H/++*0
3. +*..H=/0O.3*-++F03J
.+.U3+ .++10E.**+*=0.F0
...11..+3.*/=.1F0+.
./3/00?..J/././0+1.+./0O.**.U3
. 0 F0 F0++. .3.. NO. 3J3. . F0
3+/ .1 *0+ /3 +. /3. N. . & +.
/.F0+.N0= .3O/3+F0+./.+./
+3 N/ / 11J .0+J0 . F0J=
0J+/./.3.+.*.3.F03J/.0.
.3..NO.F0++1N+*-+0. F0..*/*
+.+...03.=
@I= 0 =L1J30.3M/3./+M
.0//3+.3.+.++.F0..//0
+/3+/.+HJ+3/03.= +J+3./*
+NO03+3F0J3++= ..3.30R.+//
+..3..1+1J+3+3F0NJ+NO3.+
31+1+3+F0+1+NJ3*3+++N.+//=
69
3 F0 N0 + NO N +*+ +*0= +. /3. H0
*..0/3* 3+.3.U +3F0+
/ .0NO 0+0+../33+/F0 +
/. / .0 /. 11. R+ .0 .3." 3 . + // .
0/3J3.3 31J+.3.1+1++30
3*+N3.++./+1+0 =+.0..
3+/+.+./0N...&.*0//
0+1+3/.3./..+0J+0=
/0O.J .+N0.+.0+..0//+
/33.+0+.1.*+3.=
F0.++/3F0.1..M0++1F0+*+
1+0 +U3..F0+.N..+J3.
+J3..N+++.+.**..O.+.N/.3F0.
../0O/M./O/3F0++.U.N++/..O.+.
O 1.3F0O.//3.. H+.0.
3F0&...+.0.*0+./.3
0+.+*+.+.//.*EO= J/00 F0.
/+0./+//0++03=
@T=H
#=L 0F0+//H03+.**.03H
1+++33 ./+N*/R.0.+.
LJ . /* / N S . F0 .+ + + .
0.+/+*.U0F0.1J./0.
H..J+H.3+*.H.+...3.+//
.3+/S)0. H /.U3/0N.++.J/M.
.0./..3+.=..3HJ0F0.3.+.J.+0
+++./..1=J.?..+//31J
70
30H +*0/M..*+/=J./+.*P.
H. 11. +. ..= +. 3+/. // 0
.+//R.F0J+1-H..H+0+..J+1
001+.3./3?.0./*.=..J*+/.H.
0F0F0 ++*./0.00.30.F0. .
+. F0 HO + S/ /ME/ 1. . H0 J
.0.+10+*. F0.NJ*+F0++./..=$++
N ++1 + 1 3. .+/ + . 0*+ + F0 NJ .
./30O+F0/.+1+1.0.*=/.
1.0.*0+.3H0/./+./3?+/N+
0++.0.+.H+0.3.+N/.=
.3++/+1M.+0O0N
+/+1+./RN/+.0/+.+.
0*+=+1.*+1+*0.0.+./R...0++*+.+
/+NJ3...0+.= +/?.*0..3+.
R..30J+1/J+..0.0*+1+
10O*+=..J+O13O.0./*.F0+.
*0++1.+.NJ*+.+.F0++/
3F0F0+J.3.+1.1+.0./*.=+.+./.
0.0+.0//**0F01.+0*.3.1/0N..0/.
*0.0."+/M.3/1...+.3+1H*J
++1.+13+H0-U+.*0J1..N.+*S/3.30R.
+//=.//330.S/S.+1O.0.0.
/.+1+- F0+F01++//3/3/S
+./3./=
@D=7
"

,!" =L .0/ .
71
.+*0../.0+./*.1.+/+.NO.
+*+300+1.1 +R0+.
N/=+**+.3.+N/.+0/.
0+F0 3 .0 33 . .0. NO. 3 + F0 . 3/ +
M 0. E3 +. R . + /0 + 0+ NJ /0 3
N.*..0?+01NO=$.E3+ F0..E3 ..F0
.+1.F0+.*J=/+.+.H1J.3+/
+.3.H/+.0/..= XE3JY+NO03M1+3+
XE3 .Y+30H.+//+F0J+1+/0+H+
.R3/.0J+.3.0H..H+F0/+?=
J.+./..0/.*0+.+.0..0.1.+3J+
/.0.3.0+.U.30+F0- R.3N/.
1..=.F0.+./3./ .+H..
3 .+J1.+/U+*F0N-30F0+.
+.0.30R..0/03 F0++.**.0/.*0+= +J+.
.+F0+-.3F0..0.NO..F0.H.1
0..3+.0. .+.HJ+./3.F0.*0+*0
+ +3.= 0. -. /M. ./. +. / 1. +.
/3 * 3 +. 01. 3F0 *-H/ +. ?. .
/++.N+.0..1+..=.**./..3J0..0.
NO.+./+.J/N+./.-S=.+O+.-.
NJ./O-.++...3F0..0++./.J03.
+. 0. +. 3.. O. .0. +. . .?+ +. **. +.
-./1+/0N.+1.1..+R33+0.03?0+F0.
?J/30++-=
@= 7* !
"

,=L.*.+
72
30+**.E?MF0+.*RO0*0.3+.?.F03
.03/*3.0.1...+.O0*.F0N..
/0N./M.= . +..OF0.O0*0.+.?.3F0..+.
/3M+...+.=+.OF0N/.0..3F0?0+.
H0 1 /0 + + 0 H+ .H F0. F0 11 . . +.=
/R+ .F0O+0++330+.?.3F0?.+1.0+.
/." + 0+ 30 0. F0 +. ?. **. J 3O. +.
0.. + 1+..= J 3+. . +0/3. ++. . +. ?.
J/0?./+.1.//+.F0++N+..
R+.O0*0J.=:0*+...+*++*HJ++
" +DD /0N. . O0*. F0 +. 3. +/. +. N..
/0.. N 1 E3+.U 3 3 F0 +. 3.. /.
H0./0H. . +. 1.. F0 +. 01 * S/"
O0* + 3+ /. 0 / /0 .++ +. .= $ N+/.
.3+/+.O.*/M..=
@C=7

=⎯.**.0.0.NO./3F01.
. 3 / H0 3.+= +J .. .0. .. .+/ +. .
../3S+J+N+O++.H.
= /. ./. . H//. F0 3. +. F0 3J +
.=03++.1.*0N0.0F0
+.+*.+.H+ .H.&0./+0 +0+HJ.
.0. 0.= *J & + ../ .0+. 3S+. F0 0..
/3.*E3.3+./0/..+.?.
+*0.0.3.=#1JO0.+.?..3.+0./
/../F0+..//.++*3M
DD
:0*/.F0..1+.F0+NE.
+.3+=
73
/S=.E3+H0-.0.3./.F0+.O 1.
0.. /3. E/ H. +. O. HJ.. O0*.
+R.=F0++33 .3++.0+3S+0/0N/M.
.3F00..30+./.3F0. ++3J+.0+
.++01./M.=
I= +. /M. .. & F0 1 /M. F0 0.
.00. 0. NJ .0+. J 1+1J+. ?.
/3?.0.+1.3+*.N0/+3.03
3./M./3F0++/3**X*0?.YF0.
3+ F0 .*H 0 +. **. /. .0+ 0 /
.*H..=+.?.&*.1+..0O
. 3. 1*+= +. 3/J H0 +. 3+-. /
00+. 0..U +. .* 1. 3+/= .*0J +. ?.
.. + /. .1 30.. F0 1 +. *0+ 3. ..
0+.+.?.0..J.= 3..N++ +.?.3
.0/3/+./M.1..+. /.0.=
I>= 7 !" =⎯ N- 3F0H0
.3+. +H/..0+.+1.33.030.
+/.0.3.0 =&/0..3J..+.
.0+. .0. .30+ 31 +*. 3 .3. +.
0..+.++.+.+30..3/J
N+*-N/./=./..+.?..03/F0
NJ/M.F0.?+.+.+.3J++.O0.+J./3?.0.
H0.++/+.*0./../3+F0NJ.0+
+..+1.+./0=+ +/..03
+..0.++//++. .H+ .H. +0*
74
..=0+0 +03+0*0.+0+0+R+
.RNJ+/.+3H./S.= F0+.?
+3+.2F0.J++/+.0+O.3+.4+.N+.O0*.
+R. F0 NJ *+ .30R. +. 0. 0+. +. */..
33+1*0++0**=./...*0.+.
0+//M...F0+.3/././+.
H+.HJ++/.X.H..Y03+/.1.*H.+F0N
0F0+013 1+.0/*0/E.F0J+.
.H.. **.= R.. ./O. 3 .0 *J +. M. 0..
01.. .0 .?- + 0 + + .0 **= .
0.F0.3*3.0O+.1../...+ .0
/3= +*0..H..0/0+*.H0.E*J0./0.0.U
33F0+././...0+J0/J..+=
I= 7 "
,%=L0 3. +. **. N O
.00.0++/+.+*0.EO."..+
.+.0=+3J+.+0+/+..+..+.
*.3.R3.+J..3+/+./+..H+.HJ
.J + %J+...0.+..1JE+..0+.=
/F03.J+.+.+?**+J+.+M...0 U/
.+J+.+....+NJ3*3+.+M..//"+
/. E3+ +. +. /+. F0 .?.
+/NJ./+.3.+.H+ .H..0..=..+.
.0+.+.**.+F0+,++.N/..N+..0+.+.*+..=
..++/+F0+/S.24+*/M.24
/3+ + 0 + ? &= E+0J . F0 ++//. .. X+.
0.Y +. X0 *+.Y" 3 +0J + F0 +. 0 *+. 30 +
75
H. 0+1 + /S. +. ++.. /. /3..= .
.*0F0.?+..0+.0F0F0+.**.
.M*+.=..+.*+0.:==N30.F0/-
.?*/J/R+/+./R0O=
0/S...03J/..03N+.?.F0NJ?
**F0.01E+J/S.3+F0+..?.
+H+0+3/3?.++.=.HJ+.?.01
. 3+.1..+J.F0++./*.3.3F0H0./3
E++/S.**++-+.3+.+*+./.N
0.= . +..R+.+/F0+.H.3JE.1/3
+0+1+/S.HJ+U+../S.F0N++*N...
.1F0&J.?/M../F0..+J+/S.
+.+.+.=./0*.+J+..**.F0N...N
++*U3./.F0.0..0/.*+33./0.0+.
...J/J+.+/..=&...
// .+J/3?.0..+3+/++/J/.
N + 3 **= 0 /R /0N +. **. +. H. /+. +
/S.F0+.3O0.+H*0.++=+/ " .0.
.+."+..3J/M. F0+F0N3/."NJ0+.
1++ .R+.H/.0/+./+/E(+=
././..+.N./..+.H./+.+/S.=
++.**.+ /+.+0.33+/0.
.+/=.*0J/..*.H.+..+.1.1.F0
0.J/R.*.1..3+/S..0/++1+=
IB= 7 *

"(
=L 3H .0. O.
*/M..F0++.F0.*+..3S+.+.O0*.+.
76
/O+.+0N+./M...+*0/+-+
/O+.3+.0/++=+30*+O/0
." 3 F0 +. **. ..+. R+ F0 N0 3
/3 0 +. /. 3S*+. *+= + / /M. +

F0.3/J+./.F03+.0../.+0.
*R1+F030.3.+1."3+3++
3/.3.0+.0?.+..".-.
N3.3..+.O../J=J.+.
/1++../F0+%+ DF0.+ 003.U3/.+
3+/3+0H+30.F0+N-?
H0./F0+..+./.=..3.3N.3+/
+30*++33F0+.3JF0+1N0.H.
/..O0*.H..001F01*-.++U3/J
/33H....O0*.= F0+.*/..**..+.
O. */M.. 0.. J.= O ./3 .0. +. */..
3F00+/0./++0.F0/+.+= 0+03
.+H+0*..0.O..+/3
.30R.0.*

/3.3../0?=
I@=71 "!=LF03M*+
+. .. **. + /3 3 +. NO. + / 3= .J 3.
.0 ?- 0 + 0+ ++/. ?. . 0
XN/. Y 0 0/3+J .R. N ?. .+//
+0.++.0.=..NJ .0/+*.F0
+0103.H/+O0/+.0.3+.+.+*
.0 0 3/J H+ 1.. ...= .J .0 /
D
+ 3J3./3"X Y=
77
. + /J0+ .0 " 3F0= $ .
.3J/3+..+./+3+0+...
N+F033+.0.=.. /F0.3.0.
3.U.M.. +F0..3+33*.0.*.3J+NO
3F0.J++.+0+R+3.. +..3..+
/0+3= .F0+.O 1...+.+./3+0.?.
+.1*0.+*0+.H.+.00/3
.1++/.&.3-O+.331/3+
*0+.H/+-+.+J/..03J.= S.M3+8..
F0++.H0.F0H00/3*0.3+.O 1. .=
II= +
=LE3 +*0. +. O. /3 +.
-.F0+*0.1.+./3.*3-3S+.+J./0O.+.
F0.+F0+3./3?.H.+./M..+.1/R.
.+1.=+ ../30N/+= .+/3
+11J+./+./M...F0.++F0+
+JF03+*0/E.J..0..1.=+.
.. . /0 * + S/ ." +. 33+. .. " +
//*+U+.3.F00+.3.+*U+.+1F0
+/3+/U+3U0..+1.F033+./.U+
F0/3?.0.?+.3...1.3.+U+-U
+F0++1+.?.+.0+U+/+.?=+.../M.
.NJ/R0++-/-/0+.= 3JF0++1O0-*3+
S//3++..++.3J..F0.1S0..J.+
.+10+NN.N3/3=+/31+...+1.
N+/.= +J +. 0?. 3/ .0 H+ +. + + 0+ NJ
H0/+/U33F0+..1J0.+..+1.
78
.F0F0+0/EO...O+3.00?
+.N..=
IT=e /F0./0J+3+ +&NR./M./S+
/3+..+1.+E/F0N0/3F0../3.H0
+/3++1+.3F0?.0.=0.11.F0++.
H0./3...HS/++..3.+M3.
+..H0.eF0+3F0H0.F0H+ .33.*+.=
+ /./ + /3 /U 3 ++J + .1 /3 01 +.
N. 3. + 0 + F0 .0 &= . /M. +0..
/+../.3J...OF0.H0.R1+3+..+1.F0.
+..+H03F0.+0?.N0/.U/.*0
F0++....? +++ +.+10F0//.0
.+3+0+-=$+/./N+.3/1. ....
+.F03J.3 +*0F0N0+.+10/33=
ID= +
" "
=L. /M. 1+.. ++. +. ++. +.
/0+.=3F0+./0...3+H30++.
./U01+1J+.0?..0.H.3/J.0./0+.++.F0.
1+.+.+++-0.0/..1S+
+/+.0..+0.**++100++.N+=
+/M./S3+./+./R..H0+3F0.S//
/3+.**0..J.=-J3.1....
+.F0.*J3.0..+H+*-=J/../R3.
/H+./0N.+.0+..M3..+.....
.3+.+1.+.0/.=.0H+.0N..0/..=

N/.3F03J +J.. /0...03..=
/R/0.+.*./0.F0+..0+3+..+J0.+.
79
+1./0.H0F00NJ+.UN++.+.+.
*./J..//+ +.3+...N.=JO0+.3MO.
0../O+0O+./H..31.+.N3++.
./.N3+N+.*++.=
I= '"

=L//. 0. .? + . **
+F0++J0NJ+/0+*0.0.//.=+
.+*JN+/001+.+.3F0+1.
+0*+.0J30//3++.O.+=1.30R.+
03+./0O.+H/++3H0/0.+..+1.J+
3J.+M10*0+++.0+N/.+
3+0+.3J/.01.O3H0/= .E3. +M1++/
+NJ++.+.3.+H0N+
30=++H0.3J0/3R.*0+F0
+.F0.+J/3++.+*+/0=
.+J.03
3.+H00+0++.N/./0O..03+.
+.+F0+.+S.+//*//N
/./N+./3..+=.+/ /0N0. .H0
/0 .0 .* 3 +. +*.+. **. F0 .3+ +
.+.++.++.+F0..F0NJ0/.//3=
+.++N++.F0+.+30.++.+M1=
R33.++.+.+/003F0?/3F03*.
++.03.O+.*.H..0/F0..11J+*0.
/. &= J + 3. H0+ +. 3. 1. M. ++.
.*0J+./0O.+.= ..+0*../J*
+0. +./0O.. ++.3./0...J+3F0
.F03+H+..13+.++.N+.
80
O 1.+. 1+.F0+.+HS/=0NJ30.+
/0.00/+++/+1-3.0/+J+ .S+/=
*0J.0H.H0+H.+.30+0U3+/3+0+
++11..*.0.0.30.3.J..30/.
.U. +.3E3 ++1+/++0.0NO+.
0?=.30//.+0.+./0.F0
NJ1M3S+.F0.1...0..3+.H0+.
M+/0..30+0+.N0..+.F0NJ/0
+*0NJ.F0/.+/.//3++=J0..0...
.0.-.+.N/.+03+./0.N0.+.=.
1F0F0/0.0+/+M1+.F0/J*0.1O.F0
J././3..3M3+ 0H00.*+
&=:0-*/3E/+N.+/00
.3J.N++J./*0H.+..+.30+01J
0+H00.+..0/.N.=
IC= " =L+./3.*0..30++./0..0.
.33.+.F01N=0*3NF0..
+.M1.+./0++.+0.F0H0+/00*
NN3S++.0+..1/NR..0.H..*J
+.=.+./M..+/M.N/.3++*+/
0/*+/3S+/ . 0.0.0/.
.3.++/H0/+ 0.++.3.=%0+
33+./0/..30++.0./-./.+.F0
+0*3.*."+/31N.N0./
3..++N++. 1.3.30++.//.
+ H/+ . +. 0+. +1 N/.. /0/. /M/+ 3.
81
.0+3. /= &. / /3+. 1. F0++. /0/.= .
.0+0.F0+.3...+103.+H0
0..3.1J+/0 ..0.H/+./*."
.F0+1**../M.++./1.F0+*0...0/.=
+3.+/03J*+.H*0.O.1..+0O..UH00.
+./3.3/1..H+/+.H1.0.+1.3/.
R+3F0+.**.JF0..0.3 +/00
.11.M.+..0.+.N/.H../O.+.
+.11.=+.M+.H+..../3+.3+.+.F0.
*J+./.F0.1J3.H1+./.+0= .
M1.+./+.F0NJ.O0.10+..0.3.
..E/..30+.+0*+O.++M3+*S0N
0+.+.O.3.+MH+.N/."++J11J.0.1J/.+
10*24 F0/S/0.+1+.= K( ++/.
/ .'.3=
'
#
# `,
&&
./. N + 1 + ** .0. +. + . .0.
0./M.++M+/R.=
T= E!

=L.+3/1.
**..*0J33/3..J0+./+.0../3..
F0.++/.++/3+/++OF03J...+
33E+0.1++*N.J1.=
+/ .3
&3+/./.+F0+//0 0*0+.N
82
.U 3 .0HJ /M. 3- +. 3/1. +. **. F0 +. 0+.
...=+./3..M./.33++-N
H/+/+N/++=J../
.3+03.0+F0H310N/+.N.3+J.
0..H+03S+=+.E+./.J.
3...E*0/3+/...N0./3+M/+.
**./303 +/0+F0+*+.N/.0
E./..1++.NJ.0+.+++03+.O.
+.O0*.++/3/+.3M..+.=*0./3+.
**.+.H./+.U3.JH.0..=./
H00+.+.31N.+*.+/+3/1J/+1
3.0.F0NJ++1+/0**F0H0.+
.03F0.3..+.H...*.O0.= .J
F0+03 .F011J+3F0?3*-1.F0
++03.1O0+.3..O.*.3S+./
.R+.0+J0.N./J0
+*O...++/ .H0N=.1JF0+
/3+.. .+.H..01./.H..
/0+.+.0+.3*.0.+.+0/0+
.*./3.+.*.3.*0..F0.3+.0.
+.J.3+*30= F0++.../.30./3.3
.03. .+ 3+J +. O0J. + F0 11J3 . +.
0. 03 03. + / + 0.0 31. + * +.
N. 3S+. + 3. .= . .3 +. 3.*0J 3 +.
+/S+.0/..=3+.3.
/ +*0 +. . 3+.. F0 3J 3 / //. 0/..
83
.+1.3*P.*.3/M.F0H0.0//1*-..+./.
F0.1+J30/0+H0=+/J.N/+F0+*.0
3-00O/0+3/M.F000.+1=J
/3./.+..31+*./+0+1+
+ NM+ O + U .J / R3 3. +*0. ..
././3...3+.0++.H.0F0+NNF0*
3.*.0/3.+.? ./3.+/+.O.+.
**.=
T>= +

)

=L& 3+.O..+.J0+.
3JNN.3+..+1.+././...=+/M./3+.
O.F0J+./M...+1+F0F0.+J.
*+3.++SN/O/F0++.
*. .*0+ .3= .0. . O +?+. 3. ..=
F0 H0 /0 + */ +H. 3F0 NJ * / +.
30. .0 /0 0.. +. 1.. .+ +. /=
3/NJ+/3.O./.H..0/./S.
R=O.NJ3..../.3F0+.H/.+.1../0
.++.+././U3033+..+.
+F0.=+-3J.31..+..3.=+
/ NJ ./3 . F0 . +F0+ 3 + J +. 0.
/0N.3H0/..*0.= +.0.+.+**+/.0.
0/. H0 + 0= /. /R . 0+/ + .1
/+//0+./M./0.+.**.3.
/3./0/. ..+.R3.+N.&3+..
F0/+..0-.F0+/0*0=0 +.+.1.
/3.HJ+.+3*0.0+0.+//=0+HM+
84
03 F0+.01.+.+ .*&NJN++
+.O 1.0.1/..+H+3.F0++./.
01.-.01./3..H.+*/+//
++* ..0///S=..10..NNF0+H/OR
+.-/+F0.+.H+.+O13+/+3*+.F0
1+1++0**.-..+1.&/+3.
:H=$ *.++/././...301/..1
*3//.=
T= 2#* "
=L+/. 3/ +. /. H. +.
/.+3/F0/3+.H0.+.*0+.+.30.+
0.+...31+.+0**+./.0.=
/0.+.0/1+.33.30.+/U3NF0
F0 +. 3.. +. 3.. 3JO .0. 3. .0. *0. 3
/3 / + +* / + 3+- + 0= . NJ +.
3+. 330+.. / . /0N. 1. 3.
+*0/. 1. H0. .3+/ 1 F0 1J 3 + 0
1.0..= 0..F0++.1.0..++
3.13.1O+1N*0.01"NJ*1J
+.++./0+/3/./J*.+/+F0F0J
/3=
TB=+/+3/.03./M./3/F0+
.+++/1+H3++.30++0H+M.3
.N.H0*+/++/F0+.?O.
+*F0J.=0N.0..3E3+..3.1J.R
.*..*R*.*0++..?1++.
/.30+ =/+MH3&.E//HJ+
85
+ . NJ 3 / . + / 3 + F0 + / /0
++//= ++/ ...++.2k>C4=
/. /*. +. *0. & / .M N .
.. . F0 / 1. 0 * NJ 0 0. - / 0 +*
++⎯..+./..1+F0-+1=**N0
F0++/ +./.3.0/..XN/*.+/YF00
* 3.0/ H*+ 0.= J + +* +. /0++.
/.3S+.+/.++.J+./0...0*/+0?
+0F0= .E3S+.H..+1./J-.+/+./.
**. / 0 +. H0. . . F0++. F0 1
3+. *= +HJ /. .U N/.. +. +
+H/...+U33+0*P..+*3U3..+/J-
3+.+/*U.+1./.0 +U/H+
.3. L +*0. +. J0+. F0 ./ 1. +.
0. *0. **.= . /. /. +*0. +0*. +
30+3F0.+.E/J+3*0.+.1/+U/.
. / . .3+ H1 / +. 0 0 +. /..
/0. + 1 M3 31+* O0 . .0. . +*+. .
0/3+/.0+F03.F001./3?=
T@= 7"
!"=L+.+.30+.H.
1&..*.0E+.+/3.1.F0+
/30 1+. H/ +. H. 3. . /0 = 0 +.
/.+*03F0+.2
"4+J/3H0/S/3
&=+./00*R./3+/++**MH*+..
1J.. 3.0 F0/+L)
+.+/...3.=3F01J./+3*+R...01
86
0"0..030+*.=+../.
3/=J+..03H.+ 0.01.../O.=
./.S.J3.3. +./3+JF0.+
+30/3*+.F0.3E///0/0++
.3?+=+./.+JF0.NJ0>@0
F0/+++N=+./.. +.0
NJ0.3.0++.0>C0"
"&
../.1+.3.*M+J/3=+S+/0F0J
*/ ,+ +* /M. 3F0? 3F0 + 3 S +
/0F0++J/3.+J/3+3M/D+
*/C@=+/.//+.+.NJHO03S*0
++01 / + 3. J3 .0 X+Y= + + M /0N / 3.
/M..+/..3.+ *0/.F0+*.
*0+++/+/R+*0+003 + =
...1..+.../OT "
U /
"4 / .. #& .. 1. X*Y X0Y /0. F0 +
/&.01+33.0/3/...30+.
3H0HO.3//+.3../."+3M1.+0*.
*+=++M1+J0...-..3?+.U+/3.*0
3/M.0-0.11.+/U+ +0..1.=.
/M S/+F03/0N/3.0? &3F0+
/0..=././ .H0+.3/.F033
. 3 0 +. /. + / = /R 1J + +
*&+//.3J...++/03.
*0+. +../.M.0/.=J .3-.3+
0N/./.0. +=M.1+ +
87
NF00++.. /F0.0.
00?/F00/1J./0.0M/..-/..
.F0N /+...3S+.+.H0.31.F0+/3F0.
3/-F0.+*.33 +.3.3*.3+.
O.+0O/M..=
/+0?0.R+++*H0.0.0+.+.**.0.
/. ++. +- / .*S 3 0. *+= 31+* +
/M+..3.3- .0E+=O/..F0+
30+ J / 3.1 / 0. 33+ / .+1 +. ..
.+.F00./N/0F0N,-=$.
N+ 2+J0+B@4+0+-3..0..=+.H0..
..+MH/.+O=J+./3./ ..N/.
*./0+*.F0...03J0?.*..0+.
0+.R3.3-OU+F0300M3J+0++
1. +=
TI= +)

/=+
=L /+...**./
00N+./3?+/3+3+J/./3H. U
/F0&/*++.//.++/.3*
.+.+.F0./3?+.30..=../*F0+.31N.
. *. 3F0 . .0/ . . / N .
.0/ +. +. . +. /./. H0. .03/.= $ F0 S
.0.&+.+.+../0= +./3+.
//3+./..0O.3*.+./.=
0 . ++* . 0 /3+ J + 30+ . 0..
/+0/.+.0..0..S.=O/3++.0...
F0../3+/
O0.+.O0.J. +..
88
0.0/11J+/3+.0. .= +..0J/R0
.0/.3F0...0+.0.*O.+.*.H..
+0=...31N..0++.31+*.3+J.F0
NJ3++*+0J=
TT= = + =L/ /S + H .+ / +
.0+*+...+.".OF0**..*0./
*.+DC+/.+H0=$/+3*0*+. +01./
F0+0.+.1F0+1++.F00.+*F0+.
*.0.+".J.F0/0N...*+.0.N-?.++
N.".J0../J.+..= 0F0+3H. */+
/0H1.O++REH/S/N/.
+./ / 0*/M+.NJ/0./.S+.=
TD==+#=L/+.**.3JH..J33.3F0+
+. *. . 0 .O. /... +. +*.
/3+.+..0..F0NJ30+.O0.0O/0
. ...*31N=+*0. .. .3/JF0/*.
0..0H.+.+*.N+./M.++.3++J
/+*0=0+./3+0H.+3S++3*
.+/3.0.0/+F0.NF0+++
F0N++*+R.++/.F0N1.+/
+3*0*F0+/3=+...*0.// ...
3* 31/ .+. .0/.= / +. /. 3/ +.
0.0.+/..*1+ ++F0++*0.0.
&+3H. +.
) F0* 3+/S+.3J
0= /3.+.1+.
) .+..
DC
*.+=+ 3J3"X *.+.Y=

++/=
89
+.3+J./-.0. =
T=#=+
=L /M.+./...0+0.1J/M./
HF0/3H. 2J0+I@4E.J+. )
F0+/+.
.H+ .H.=.0.?-.OF0.F03/3
+0..01..F0.+J3.03++..0+.= .J30+
. . 1+J & / 0+F0 30+ / 1+ .+ +
01./M.H/=.?+..H...3+J. J+
+...03.0/3MU3.F0+./H1+.
3.0..+3/1.++*+.&*0.++
+..0+.+0/.0. .0. .= +33 3.0.?-
.0/././.+0*H0.+..H..+/3?F0+
R//+300.-/.=+0.00..
?.=
./. F0*..01.0.+..+.3.+.
0+..+J3*3./+...+..+..F0+./
0../M.330/+N31N=.O/3+.
+../0+3+HM+/NR+.30/...+1..E3+
/301.0/0..++ EM*.".
H00+.3/ .F0H.0../.
+O./+.+/*=.+.+.+.H0/0.N.
.30R.+R30J3../.F0.+..N.H0=
EM*././0F0+/+* F011J.F0/0
+3-=0F0+.*0.3..R3.11J+..+..
+3*F0../0.0..=
TC=#=+# =L,.1+.0..0..F0+3H.
F0/+/M./3+.+...3*/
90
+*0-=..30+.F0.N/./00+..+0
/3O/3+0+..0.+ F0. +0*0+
.3+../1++./3+=..//0N+33+..0+.
3.F0++.+.3/./3..0/M.F0NM+..F0.
.*S3+/./.0 F0.NN++..+.*.R3.
J..= /. / %. +* F0 /M. +1+ O
/0.33*+*0U3+..0+.F0+ .
F0H00+./M.++./3+.&3*F00H0
/M.0./.O033+.00.
....0/.F0F01+03..0..+F0
+.3*3H*0/*033F0?.H*0.=./3.
.0NJ+-+E3H =$/3.3..
.3*/.3.3+.*..+..0+.3.0F0H0
./3HJ+3+.0 +.../.1+J=
../O3.+/S.=+3H N+/SU
3...11+O...+./S..3H.
/.*0+.RF0+..O0*+.+./M.F011J1
+..=R3/M../*N0/S...H/..F0++*
.3.O./3.0.F0NJ33+.0.*.+
//M.+./3..=
D= #= +"

!
=L 3H. /R*- ./3+./
+.**..+.J. +F0.0/N.+.
+..+/3+ F0.+J1..0.H/./3?.0
*3.0+.3.+./.0./.= .
3MF0+++.**..0+F0NJF0+.*.../.
*/+/O+.3+J+* /=
91
NJ 03. /R. . / 0.. .0+. .0+.
M+.N.3+.0.R0+.H0..3+&0F0.J
NJ.*/./R.F0*-H/.+=
03.030.+.N+..03...F0H/0+.
.+..+1.0.F01.+..+1.H/.U3. +
. /0. +. //. .*0. + 3H. . F0
3S+//.3+.0.//R.+.=J3+.+.
.30.0.+F0OjI+?+0+/*.0+&=
../R..0++30+.3++0..3+.=
./M.H/...0+./.01.
. H0 0 .0+ *- H/ 3 .= .. .0+. */.
3. .. + +. 0+. F0 +* + 1 3 0
+J./ .+/ O0/= . //. .. 3. .
.3+/E.3+++*0.0..3.*0.3N/.
F0 /0. .0. 3.= +. . 3 + 0 . + .1
3H0F01++..3..J/.+/1.H/.
F0..1S+..0.3 .F0- +..+.
/M./3.O0./+.+/+03=
D>=#=3"

=L /M.+.*.1./0+.F0
3+&//+/+./O.+/..++.
0+.*-3.*+*0+.J.3.0M⎯NJ/0N.
.. N. +*. /3+. .3+. F0 3 F0N +.
.. +. 30J /0 0. .= /3 1. .. /3+. 3
=J/R3H.3.+./3+.N/.+M
.?+H+0//3 >+0+++.+.0.= ..
>
3J3"X/ Y=

3J3"X0Y=
92
.0..0+.=
D=F(

=L .N+++* +.**.*/.+*
. 3M. .+. .0. /M. +* *R= .. 30 1. )

"
$

*
)
8#
..F0.3+F0.
./30=
+F0.0/F0++.N.0++...N.
.30..*+.3...31=0/0N+
/R+.N.33F0+0.0+/.0 /+/J
F0.+NF0*+/+*3/+.30+..= +/+
./O + ++/ / F0 +. /. +. NR.
/.3E/+.+.**.0.R3=+*0
&/+/03H0+.0.N./+E/F0+
H*+/J13++.+N3+F0N/.
0F0+./3.N. .&.N-0/
1 .+.+=
00++**1/++1.*0.0..+1.
F0.+J+.3+/+.1+/./..0/1J+.
/.31+-.&=.0F0+.1+/..*+
.+1*0+.-3.++++.F0R...3O++.
+/=.+..+J+30+3.+N0R.301.O*0F0
+1J.+./.= 0J+.1.+//./03.0.
30..+.+.+.F0.0J3+30F0=+N/R
/J+.**...00/.++.3U3 ++0OR+
+.0/+.+-+03.0F0+.?./.
.3+..3./J+*01-+.N/.NJ..
+.//.3++.1.=.+.0/.N0R.3.
93
03+J0/.3.J=
.0N.0N++.1./.
0 .= ..J + / N. 3. .+ .. /
31.+0*1J+3/.13.1.-.1..
/. 0. /O. .*0J + .1 S+/ F0 + +. 0+.=
.0/1+*00+/U.. *0=0.NJ
/1J*0+..+1.+./.+.N0R.3.F0.+.NJ
O0*./.F0O+/.= ..*0J0.
1 30 + X0/Y 8 3 + /.= .*0 1J + N/
*.+0++1+./+.+./3+H.=
-++10*1.O0+.NJ*+/.+/
+ . 0 ++. .0 3 +. .+1. . HJ 0 + ⎯ +
3/+...+J/3.+.*0+.NR.)0. +=
.0.0+/+.N0R.3...H..+-?*0+.J
+.0.+.+0+..= F0+++N+1. +..
/3?.1.0F0./3++U.JN..".33J*/.U
++/M./F0++N.3H.+
F0..JF00
+.N0R.3..0F0NJ.0+/+.3
F0++./.+.+0+3..+//F0J+/=/R
O0*+ # 0O0*..J. +J /J+.S+/.*..0.
3.0-/+0.//*P.0./3../..=
J/M.1.HU0H.F01J+/.N.1.
2(
41.+N-/J+0+UO0*+.F0NJ.0.U
... 0 .3+ F0-+.. + .=J
/R+. . H+0 /. .. .+J 3. + * .=
O0*H0+O-+..0F0+1-0NJ+
94
N= /0 H. +. N +. H.. +. /3. /M.
.=
DB=H

!$
*&9H//1J3+.3..0+.&F0
//++./.+.3..**.F0..*0.
0/+/+0+J+.**.1O33+/.F0
H0. +*0 H. 3S+ 0 +. +. / .3+
0+.0/*F0+.11.+.0N*00
EO=
NJ1OF0.3.0.13.++*0+.*.0.
+&+..+.F0++.J33+/+
+.0..= ++J.+./3+.1+.3.0*P*..1
3+/*H.0HMU+./3+.+..0.+...+.H*.
0H.NR..0+3.3JH.H/..=..+.3..
3 ./3+..0.30.+H.0.+-F0+.
3.00.=
.J /1.NM1/ +. 1O. F0 3.30. //+.
/ /. 0M +. *+.. +. 0. +. .0. 0 . ++ +.
*P. .J NJ ** 0 F0 /. +0./ +. .
. F0 ./3+ .01 0 NJ1. +. /1++. J..
&=0N0/./+.0)0.+/3/%.U+
.E+..3.U B+1 .= ....
3.F0++.*....0//.+H./+
N+++.*+J./.H+./.+../..+.0+0**
J.&/./=
. + J 0 3. +. 0. /3 ++/
B
3J3"X.3.Y=
95
. F0/0.. .0+./.3.+F0+. .+*0
.+.1O..0.0F0J./3.0.+.1O.H+.=
NJH/+.*0F001.+.0.EO. @3./*.
+*. ++ 3 +*. /00 N.3+= +*M. .. /..
* * 0+1OJ+0?+.
3../N0R.3++1.*03.?13.0H/++
+ OH F0++ F0 N.3.= .?+ + 0? .0 ++* +.
3..F0+.+31J+0-H0*.+=1/R.0/+
3/J+1/+0*U3+/M.NJ+N0R.3
+..F0++1.*+1O0.0/0 +.0
/1=0+/1O/1O3/3F0N0
/.+.3N1O.3=+H.+/3.+0*.
3S+.NJ0./.3+.F0.3J0OU3.+.
/M./..1O/0+.*++0.J.NJ
/M./F0+2+3+ .E3.4..F0J1.+
3J.= +J+..+1.++1+F03O+F0+/+1O3F0+.
**. /J /S/ . + .0+ 10+. +H/.= / +.
/0./00/...1.0 /.=
/*. N F0 1 03 /R /O . F0 +F0 + +.
3.O.**.U3.0/F0+30+1O3/. ++.
N/.0+++1N.3++.+./.=
D@= =L .30+.+.+0H+...+.H..
3S+.U3.NJ*.H...F0++..30.3+F0.3MH+
.*0 N/. .0 . .3. .3. F0+ F0 + / /M.
/*O+***=.**././3++* +=
@
?/=
96
/M.*..O0..3S+..0+F0*3/3.+
+/3?.=.+DDT.:==.++1.030+./*.
+./.+.1.F0++./.=&0+/H0R.+.
H...+.++3.+0*.+.**.03.+T?.
.:==.+.+.+.=./3+0H0.*03+.0. M3
+.O0..+R.+H.2IT4+./2I4/2IDT.:=
=4= +N+...30+.++0*"+H.+ 3+
. +./+3.)0./+/3= ..*0+
R3 F0 J +. +. O0*. +J/3. . + 0 .+/ *0
/.0.."++J&*-+.3M0++.O0*.U++J.
+. /*. N+ *. 1. .0. +. .
30+001..1.01.=/0*L"
0..J.U/0JH.+.M.+=+H.3/
+..3./S..+./M.+0*.+.+.=J/R
.++..O.=
DI=..J+..+R...++/. 3F0
.J++.. +01-+.3+/U@ +U
/++/++/301-++=
NJ.1...0/0= F ++/0
.30*R.+F0.0H+F0F01.."
..J 0 1 +0N 30*+ + . + O+= .
/3..333F0++.O0*./00./3J
++. . +0* .+ /0+. + 1.* +.

O0.
F0../F0F0.+30.N+R+./3.
++/3-.030 =+*.+.

0?.H..
H/F0F0++.O0.3J*++0/3+/.0..=
97
DT= 0F0.0F0++.+...E..F0+.
**.3..+/.JF0NN*++.+.*+=30.
.."+..F0/3J1"+.3S*+.F0++1
+.30?.3./10+.*0.0F0*J+*+3+
-+.+30?3++*+-0/1/0+=
.F0.33.3+3+3F0.+.N/..30..
++/.?+."/J0+33 /...
+*.O0F0+.3M..033 NJ0-/..=&+.
H/.. / +OI %+3R/. .. O. 3F0 +.
3J33. 3300..+.U3. +F0F0++/-+
M/.J..+R.+.H..**./M.N/.0*-F0+.
F0+-N+.0..=
DD= ' (""
!"(
=L /M.F0++.O0*.../0+
+.H..3S+.+./S..+.3.0.+.O0../
30+/+.O0*.3J.+.+H.+..J. .=+
*++*...M/.F0NJ0/O303.J
/S.01F0.0++.=./3N+.
..H0..3.. .+.*.*..F0.N
+*+*N+R=00. +.F0+.33+.
3J00.0.3.+*0.H..+././.EO...
/..+J0/..F0+30../3
0 H+..00J3.=3003/*
..+N*/0+3/0N/F0++.
*.F0++0./3+..F0NF00F0F0++.
/.. +30....1.+?./301./0
I
+O+*=
98
*J.//R=3....-.0.O/* /3J
J+/*-H..+*.=F0/.0+3.
+. 3J 0+. 1 + F0 0 . +. . 0 F0 . .J
/0+.0+3. +.3J/+=+*J3.0S/
O0. +. 0+. O0 + 0 +. /O. /. + 3/ F0 +
330=0*03*./31J.0/
.JO..1.++..M*.+./.+.F0
.H.3+R./0..+./0H/. . H.=F0++./.
. H. /*0J./. .M. +. .0/. . 3+J .0
/3=N0J+*3+N.OH+..0.../.
+.F0+./JN..J.U3.+3++..0./..0
N. .O .+0+= ./O 3 + +*0O + F0++. .
/.+.J0+.H0...0..1..=./J
/0O.+3. +./.=
F0++.H..+0+.0F033.3+H++* 1
.*3.+..0..3S+.+0+0+R3U.
F0RH1/+.+.N.++&=.+.+...+.
. **. 1. +0*. 0. *. . 0 0. /M.
3F0?..0./0.F0+3+ 0J+=R33.+.
..1/0N.1.+0*./+3S++.0./M.=
D=<
8#
&9.O0*.+.H../M.+.N+.
..+.NR./0./F0++H.F0.+G+.H0+.
+U /. . 3 + .+/ 0F0 ++* . +0* 33+ +
33 .0= ..J 1/ + H. .H. 3+*.
3..= / +. .H. /0 * S/ 1J/. +.
/ +. H.. 3S+.=
.3 . 1+ F0 0 ..
99
.+/.H0/0...010.=3/3
3. 2 + 0+ . ./O/. +. **.4 + 3 /+U H*0
+/+.3..+/++.0./.+.++=+
H.F00+3++ ..N.13H0
03. .3+RF0++.3..=/3+.+1..M
+0.,M.J/+*0./+.H*/./M.++.F0..1
.=/R+.H..*..+.UNJ-..00..
300REN0.*..=N/.F0/3
/*0+.3++..+/.O0..+..*+/.
++..3.+/F0.O0*+.0+..*../..
F030+0+N1H+.H.= .J.E3+ / 3. *
F0 N0. N F0 NJ +. O0*. +J/3.U + / 0 .
0../3..*JF0+0..N.0.=
NJ/.0 /M.N0/R1+F0++.H../R..
0**=/0../*.J.H.++..+JO0.
1.N./+.0.*.O.=++.3+..+1.H+.
. .3+.*O.U0F03+/S./../M.F0
/N/...J.+/.*-+*S.=./0O.
/./.F0++.0./3?.O+.1++0-*0.+.
J.3. F0+.3//3+*O*+1+*+
/0=.X+EOF0..0.30.Y1J0.+.3M.
+0+N.3+?= 0.3J+.O0..*.U
3J+.3..+OH-U3+-N+...+./0+.
..+*+.+.3+.0.1+...*1
.-.*-=
'
#
100
&9$$ &
.3 +.33S+.0?+.*.H..**..++1
0+/E/.0.*H .N++....++.
+ / F0 .3 +. **. F0. .0 H1= F0J /0
/0..0+.1.J./.++.+0+0H.=#/.
.0.3*+++* &=
DC=3" $

=⎯..+.+*.+*0/0
+0 .1..1.U/.*0/+
..0..N. .+.+/**MH+.1.....
O0 . / + +* **= . . *+. 0.. 3..

03..M1.+/30.+..*.H0/+.+
/+*JN+R=*+F0+.H0-.
%/+
++ ++./.+.0.H0./1.++
.U+/+*J+&.1H/**+./././.F0++.
...M.U⎯+H030..0+/3/1=
+. **. /1. 3 0 3. . E3+ +
0+-3+1+0+3. )"..F0++.H0-.0+.
& .J1.+...+.**.1.3.+.3..
./O.+.+.N/.=.1.+...+..3.+.
./0F0++./0..+.
+.
$

.F001.+.//.00/0N0+.H/.+
0+.0.1.=./++* H/.0+./3././.F0
+.H1)0.0+/3U /. *.+U+
.= 0+.O0J.3/.N+++*J....30.3
101
+.O0J.:0.+R+.3+/:N1M+0+01/*
1. +. ./. F0 /J F0 :N1M NJ . +
&-/=
=⎯.3.
F03F0++./3..0*3/./
+*J.JF03

$!
!
.1//.3..+.1.../0
F0++30+/3 F0J+.30+.*0.+.H /.+
0+-=..30F0F0++.3..+++*J+ =
3++.//.30R.++.3+.3../

/M.H.+.+-.+.N/.F0+.+...3F0
3.+.1./11/./O++.3J3.
N0/. 3 E3+ .J .0 +. +. .0. + = . 3/.
/.0.0+H/+-+ .0.*+*J.*0./0
0
( "
330+
N.**H/N.J.+/10+*+0*F0+.0+0+
30 1 0 + 3.J 3. +. .. . +.
3..+.N/. )" "=⎯..0*.F0++./.
.+.10.+...F0N.*0.303+./...
++* **=
F0+/JF0+/00/+.3+...
.3J0. /M. 3H0. 30. 0. N++ "

! $

.0+.3-=..F0F0++./../0.3+/+.
+0..+/.//3F0.3J+..330+..?+.
*/.+1H00+0 +.0..+/F0+.
.*-3-100+1/++J.0H/.3-
0/0/O+N.0/0= +0*+ 1+++
102
H+0EO..0+..3J..=.E/+.=
>= '(

& ⎯ 3 +.+.H +...
..+++/+.H.+.*.3H0../0N
/3++0*F0+.=⎯.31J+*0...F0+
.NJ.*/01++. +0+0*/+
0+F0.+0*F0.00+.EJ.0.030+H1=.
1. / .0J +. M0+. . +*J 33 . 1. +S*0.
N1J13..0+H0..F0.3+.03F0NJJ
+.+.+*S+0*N3+=NJF0......01O+
H1*0.3+../.=L/R0.01+.
NR.3..++0*.00/+F0NJ.+*0.0.
/J.N-?.=
= 0 (
=L 3....0+./R..++* +.
**. .+/ += . 3. *0. NJ 0 0 ../
.0+*J0F0+...01/.3H..03
. +. /. .0/3. J 3 .= 3J+. **.
/0N3H..E?.+..0.U..*0J.0+* 3.
.3J0E+0.1F0.*0++* /=0+M0++H..3
+0+.**.R+F0/++0*+/3F0NJ
.+.01.0+.+./0.+0..J.330/1./
NR.=.*.O0*.H..3S+.&0J/R/-+.
0+. 3F0 ++. .0J +&N + /./. +. /./.
/.= . H. .+/. +*.. H0 /M. /S/ 3.
/+./.*+..?++...+.?.+R3F0.
JS//M..++.HN.= .J.10J. ⎯+0+
. +HO0HNF0R..+./*..0+. ..
103
/F0..+?0*R./1+... *."
*0+ / . 0 +. 1. +J/3. .= +. 1*+.
..+ 0.3O/3+30/R1..//
0?31.NN.3..J=
B= +
"
=L HO *+/ + S/ +. ..
.03.3.0331+*.+./M.1./.0N0S/
1+/++.= +-++/3.M +3+...
+.N/.+F0JF0NJ.+.. 0..
-.F0..F0NJ.3+.+.N+.=+/32+
;+4.+//3++/M./3/*)0.+/*H/.F0
.0+3 +*%.=A++/+.+//N/.3.)0.
1 /. *.=.++.3+./3.N. .>0
0+/+..+.O.+.0+.+NJ+10/3+.00.J./
.0.0N0*H.+.U30H*0+0*+..+
-.+./M...&.+H/O .++ 3+
+H.+% =+.J.//M./3.F
.
+/N/)0.> +.3+3+8 .F0H*0
/3.O33+++J+.=++/NO)0.+
.+..+..=H0+/F0>+.+*0=
>)
00+.H01.++ .R+...H.+
.+/= 0NO33.H+7..0.H/.=> "
1J.0
+.-.0F0.+J/R+/.+* +.+.=
N/ 3+/.N/.3/.3.)0.
30+.=+/M.7" +.+/J-+*0+01+.
/..+0..+0*.1.3.0NO'.3.F N/
)0.+./0.F03++.+..3.+ *.= A"
104
H*0//.O+....+.*..++./0.U+
1.3+/+.0.+.++.U+/ *.
3.+-..0/*30..//.+J/.=
,. .. O/3+.= /. ? . /* + . +. F0
13/+*/3/NR+H0.30R./.++/3=%0
HJ+1*03. ++.3E+./3+.F0R...++.U
3*+/+..*.1.+.0/+.+.N++
+3033++HN+"+.+.NR.+.0/+3=
@=7
$

&⎯.E?3N.+.**.+./
+3.+0+-/.+/3+-3++.J.+.H0.+.
.F0....N0/.F0/3/+0+-EJ
F0++.+0*..0N*.0/3+=....+S/+...
+J/3.=0+.N./*.+..F0./.
3+.3..F03+./.F00.1.3+F0.S
0. R* 0. +*0O" (
& .
) N +. +*.U +.
"+.M+.U+.J..3+...0/..= /*
+.**....-+.+.+..F0.1*
3+.H0.=N+/J3+.+N+.0?F0J
30.0...+1+3..30.= 0+G+N

3+*......3++.+.J.U+*0**F0.+
3+..F0../3*3+/.3.0+*0
F0++. H. .. + 0+ 3 F0 .S *0
0+/0=
I=7

#=L..F0. +.0S/
+0 .RH/./.++./0..+.NR.3..
F0..NJ+-+..0N.=/S0++.
105
/0.F03.N0**H/.+.3/./3.F0N.⎯+.
//..0+O+/.⎯./.*0+=0*.OF0H00
+M0+.?++.NR.F0/J0+=N- 3F0/M.F0+
M0+*J.+3N++= J/0*+/F0+*
10+./0.3J+.N.F0.00/+.0..0.3.
3 + 0+ 0 +. /M. .+/. . +. NO. 0 H.
/...+?+.30+0.0.3.=
T= +"

=L$.N+ ++.+J0+.0=
01J.+.3+.3H.+.=0N.+..1.+*...
*+0?+.+F0H/..033N*0
.3++OH/+.F0NJN. .0...=.
.*+.0/ +3. .+./..+0..=/R
. /*.. + O +*0. +. 3M. + +* U 3 F0
0/3+. +. . +*.. +. *0. . .1 +. .. 0
.30R. + . +/F0J 0 ! & /M. .. /..
.+M3++.**+./3.3/1.NJ.
3H.+.1./+.N...3H.=...
3J+./3+.*J+./.+..H..0J+.
..0..+*..=.3H.3J/3++*0.F0
/3? *+/ /3. /3 3 H +. //.
30.+..H...1++30++1+0+...3/
*P..0?..+.1./.+1O+3HJ=+03
..+H..0./.H..30..3/.0
3H.+M0++.=3. .++3HH0/01.R+
/0+3.O110+*1*0=0++* .+.**..
/3*-+++O H+0O/+3+J/+ +
106
.03N=NJ++J+.+0N./.+*+.+.+
3/0..3..+=.H.+0++3/
+. 1.. /0. + 0. + .3J0 . . 3
++..+.**=
D='(

=L/.+.+*.+ .+
33+ .* + **= 0 + ** 1 +. .. + /3+
30R.+..H.0.../+.+/+
." J +. .. +*. ++ J+= . /+. 1.
+/F0/.2N+0..4U1.3+/0.+3H.
0H.+*.=0/R+/./3..0.
/*. .J /./ . NJ O 0/3+ +*S .+/= 0
.0H0+++1+M0+0H333.+0
1+0+.F03J.O.+.3+.+..0.=.
0+F0+.M0+.N/0N/+&=$F0..+.
H..+.O0*.F0./3 /0/3+..+*..=
= 0
"

=L/ . .*0 F0 + / 30- 0
+* .M.0.3M./..J0O0-*+3+.
**. 3 +. /M*. F030+ .0. . +0 3 +. .03.. F0
1+.0..H.M0+.=.0.+.+M..1F0+
30+/SN+0.0+/+1/.. +H00F0J
H/-+ +..N0/.3011F0
*+O0.F0JF0+1 3H0+..
* +. .. / + . +. 3M. + 0+= . +/
.++H1+./.1O.HJ../+.+0+H0+N/.0
.F0+3J+0/3+++ +*-3S+=+
107
3H0/+...+1N/..+.*. T.M.3.+.
/M.*./0/..03.J.0+0F003/M.F0N...
. +N++*/.+..=
/. 1. + ** .0. +. +. .." 1M/.+ N .0.

&
C= =

# !=L F0..N.N+
+*.+ **+*F0H03H/+/.
F0H0*0+/+..+..0/.3+.+.F0
+0++O++H/++..03/.+...+.
F0JF03*.+./*.E.+.+0./R..=.
./+**.+F0.*-+33///0
+OH/+.0HJ+N.0...J.0/0
N./M..=N+1.F0/R3/3.0+*
+..H.H..+.*0.*03.H/+.= ./M.+.
.+0.?+1N+.0./F0J+.**.
3+.**-N.3.+.F03+.N=
+3+.**.F0++ +.+0+.+.0.
.H0 .*0 3.+ 3 .0. 3. N
////.1.H/+N3..=
C=e 0 H0 .. +. N. + 3+ = + 03 +
*+.0../0O.?..+1...
EO.F0*-*0..H..H0. +3
/0 .. ++.= F01+J + + ** 0 O0 N. + +.
31+*..*0J/03.0/O0.3+.+..H.=
1-./-++.3/.0.+.+..0...+../.
T
+ 3J3"X*Y=
108
0 . /-+ + NJ 0+ 0? F0 / +. .. .0 .+1=
H0/ .0. +. + S/ 1. F0 3J / 3 +.
/.+.+.H..31.+3*++/11=

.30.3J.0+/./ .0/+-+#"D3+3+J=
C>= >

"
!

$

=⎯
*/0*J+.**.+J3/+0*3F0.0
.0S/F0+J*SN+3.+0U.*0+0*
3F0.*3J..M0+3 .3+H/+.
+.0.=./M.+.
0033H0.O0..R1+.
3/JF0++..0..3++...+3+-+/F0./O.
+H.+H/+.F0++./.+3.+H/
F00. + .0 = . . /R + /
. +.+..31+*.+.F0*-31+*./3
.0H1+.EO.+.S/M.F0+.0.= .JF0+.
3...31N+*F0++..OR+J+0+0
.J+.+..3+J./+.++=+...33+.
+..31+*./03F0?/3*3+ +.
3. HM+/ . F0 +. .*0. + . /+ 3 +
/*.1+.3+*...H0.1.3.0.
3..=O/.F0+/**H0/M.F0+E. +.31+*.
+..+.1.0.F0/03+ /0N
/.+1..0.=..N.++.*..J
+.../+././.O0-*=+0
+ .3J. /*. O0-0*+
O0./3+ 0./3?F0++./3+.=03+.1
D
+H/.+0++...*J+3S+=
109
3S+*3.0/3+0+**/N3+F0
.+J./0= .0+3++....
/3+..J/+.//.+0/.O0 .⎯03*.1
333+.0.+. /.11+..+1.
/30..+.+.+..S.=
C=0.3+N++.1./3+.3S+.+.0/..
..**.3/.+*+.3/.+*+.F0.*0+
*+.N..*.0.H.=.*. +..+.
3/.+*+.+0 .0F03/...*0.F0..
H0/M.0/../3+.F0+.*0+./.3
/R+...**.=+....F0H./0N
+.3/..+.+/3.JF0+.3J3...
NO0.J+...030+.F0+.0.0+*.
3/ + +*0 . . F0 N0 F0R 3+ .0 .=
*.+./0+..+J3/0+*+...+*0.3...U⎯/.
+NN/./++./0.0M C.3M= +/.30.
+.3/.+*+. .0 *+/M..+.+
&=
CB= +
#
=L/ +. .. J *. +.
/+. + 330+. 30 + / 3. /3 1J
.+03 33+++.31+*.1O0.+.0+.
..= J 3// +. /*.. 0+. 0. H0. .
0./H."+ > 3
" 30/..*0J+?+
0++.3+.N+..H/+U+ !

?/=
C
+ 3J3"XY=
110
F0/JF0++.+*..U+ " F0J+.3+.EO.=
J /M. .. . .. . 2" +. N F0 *-
O0. .0/+...3+JJ.0*+*+.M+.
.3+.O0..*.=J/R+.' F03
+3J.+...++.+...N0/+.=/+.
003M.+.F0..03JF0+O03/.
+30F0/.. 3JH+3+=...
0+./*..F0+*.0+/..0O.+3+ F0
.0....NJ+.
0+O0./.+30+F03
0 ./3+..01J*03.++/.
0+/30.
..F0.//.F0/.0J.0O0+.3..=
NJ.0+O0.3H.+.F0*0.+.O0.3/
...0+..J.F0NJ1 /.01=..
.03/.0+.+30+.J./303 .*
+./.0.1+F03HJ3+/S+.+*..0O
+. .0..+.M.+./*...3+.=/.
+*.3+.0.0...3J.0./+."+..3+/.
+. 3/ .O. ... E3. . /M. 3+ F0 01.
3M. 3.+.O0..0...F0+.O0.
J=/3J1..+0+.+*..1.N0.J/.
3.+.=J+0+.3+.31.3+/.
+++1.0. NJ3.F0.3.F0
NJ/3O00+..*.=.30..*0F0F0+.0+.
H. . *+/ /O. N+ F0+ 0+
.03/.0/0N0/O0.3N.E/.*0=
F0++. ./+. O0. 330+. 3 .0 0+- /./ /3+/
111
.3.+. /. F0 . +. /*.. .3+. 3J . +*.
0.00+1.* F0..0/+H+?=NJ
F0 0. +. +*. 3 E + /. ./3J +.
.."+++0+++1.*.0.NO.3F0?.1.0H1
3..N-?./1J*R.M+.0.1..=30.
../ *0+ F0 H0. . /0N. 1. N/. 0 .
3+0*=N.+1 .F0+.0/.
+.H0..0H3/0H/+33+F0./
003..+O0J3+.3...0/M.
*ROF0F0+F0+.*0N+*/.0.. +.= +
$
C F0.//*JH . H.N0+.30F0++
+.*+0.=
C@= F
"

=⎯ J + 3. 3 + F0 +
/NJ+//3?.*.=/+.**..+J.3
.0..1H1....+.++.+3+-+/=
0 H/+ + /*. N .J 3 + O .
.0N3+U.NJ.3H/+*++ 3J+/
0.+ H+. H0. + F0 .0J 0 +. 1. E3. F0
.F01 + / . + /= . /3 +
N N+ + 3/ + O0 F0 NJ /? 0. F0 .
0.3H/+-.E3 =
0.NJ0+ +.NJ++
3*3+0++. O0+.F003.*H
+.0/.30+O0⎯0...+.0F0./
N..0/+3*+.../.+*.F0+F03J
C
+ 3J3"X. O.Y=
112
+3+=/.NF0.0J0+.M.3.3J3
3- +. .U /. . N++ + M / F0 .*.
/../+.3.++*.++.+.0/.30.F0+NJ
.3.. +. F0 . ENJ+0* 01 + O0- + 3.H/+=
/.3.O0.F0+F0J+= ./J0+.
.+1.3+..0.+.+.F0.*S./*++..
.3+./M.*.H= ..03JF00+.3.0++*S
NN0.0+F0+3..3NH..0..+1.0F0N0..
H+.0E++JH.30.0.=*.3
/3 . /3+ .. /1/. 33. + 3. + F0 N/.
/.+.++.=
CI=0+.3.+.
+3//0./3+=+.
3+. 31. 3 N+ . 1.= . /*.. F0 J +
33 +./+0 +..0..*++/3
+.0=/.0//00.0+.
+*.S//.++O*02
4+0+30.
0/3J+.0.3++*03+.30.F0NJH+"
0+ 0.0/N++3.=/R3F0+..*.
H/O0/.0..1.=30J.F0..*0XN
JY++.+10.+F0ON-10
3./0F03J3.J+O0=.+./M....
/J.+/+.30..=+.0+..+J3/1+..0.
33.+.3NO0-3H.+F0+./3.=/R3/3
+0/+0/0+..0..H01./M.F01*..
F0. 3.+. + 1. + +*= 0F0 +. 3. . +*.
3..3.+/N+3.J3J/R/3+*.3F0
113
30...+..0..F0.+H.+.+.=H
/S+.+..0..F0+.+*.NJ30+.O0.=
CT=#+H+O0= NJ/3+.1..J3.H1+
+0.U30..3+..+/J013F0.+01.
3=0+3.HO3++..0J013+
?.0+33J+/+/+.0/F0
0++.JO0.=+*J+0++F0+3J.30.- U/.
3F0NJ+*00.F0+H0.?++.?.0.0/
/+/.33..+0+NJF0/.3.+0+.+
.0N/=...J3/+.O0..0+.= +*+
/+F03+.1.+0+F0+*+3*0
/0+ /+/. 0+ 3.NJ.3S+ .NJ.31+
/3+J+/+.E3+.0/3+0++/= .
3+/+0*N+3/3+/NJ
3*F0++/./3+.0/=
CD= 3 "
"
&9 NJ*0.3/3+
33.+0+NJ*J.+3H1.+3NJ
.30U.+..+3.*0J0131+0+0
0. .*0J01.3.= .00+.+031
+30.0.N.NJ//H-3+.+3. .
F0.30.+1.0..+3.0 +.F0+./.3.J
..3.3.+0= +3/30.3+.*+
+.F00.*++/0".J/0 .=
000/.0/3+J+.M+0=
3/JO0.J+N+/0.0./*.H1F0.*S3+
J.+.N.0+/3.03. 3+F0.E?F0
114
H0.H0.+.H0*.+..=..0J+0.03.+
0+.E.03.0 3003S+=/
+..*.11+.*3+.+1.+
/0=F0NJ .010*3S+F011JO0+#( +0+
0/3+/+...3+.=0.1.*+...
+./H+.3.3+."+.O11.+#( 0F0.
3H0F0..0.*0/0=.....E/.=
&+/.+M1+O0..0./*.=
./3.*03R.+3.".0- 3+J
+0.+../F0.+1../3+..+.=3/0
/+F031+**.+.31+*.+0J2 4C>
10+0+33J3....+*+//0O0
N+3.J+0++ ./+=
C='( "=⎯ F0/.0M+.+.O.+**+.
J/. /M. *1. 0M+. +. /M. ./3+. 1/. F0 / 0+* +.
+./..S3H+/..JF0.*
/.1J./+.J/.0.+ .?+.3O-+/=
+N/3O/3++.+.+*.F0H00
/*.+1J/E3.3+0+3+..H 0/3++H
.0. 3.= 1J + . + R/ + . . 3 31 +
3 + H+= + N0 3 + + .+ .*.
.0// + /0 0 . 0 30+ *. / ./3
.3+J.//3?1+.N/.+.+././..+1.H
3.+= . *0. *. H0 .0. /3. 3.. 3 .0 *
E.1.J/N/..3+.J.F0.N+/J.F0
C>
+0 31.3+.M.0 "\/]=
115
NJN001O=
CC= +!

! =L 0F0.+.0.**.
.. / .. .3. /0 +.. .0 0/J
3⎯.JF0.0..J3+-./M..N.F0+.F0
30+.+/EO.=J++...J.31+*.M.
/+..0+//.0/./0+.O0*.+.+./3+.
+./.0./=3JH.0/3.F0++1*
0 U33.0J0../.+*03++..F0+
.3J00 .3M./.= .J.E3+ /H0N1+
+.+.+.&+ .F0E+0J+./*..
+. /. + 8= 0N. +. 3/1. . +. 0. H0
N.//. 3/.N/. 1+-N0/
S3+*0../.0J./3+/+.30+.
**.0+.1J+*0F0++".0/333J+.0.+
/S/.0.../+.. M.=$*0./3
.0//0+./*.3...0*NM+3+
++U 3 . NM . +0* 0 + *0 /. .+.
/.=./0O.+.?.30..1/.+1.U3.
F0.0J0/0.13..0..+.03.
*0 ./. .. F0 . *. +. 3. 3 + . .0
3.=3++.OR.0.&.+11+1J
.0.N*.+1+F03F0./M.HJ+F0.N
F0++F0++E.1N./3.+1O3+++1=
>=3
!")
*) =LHJ+H0+.**./
+./M..O0.+.J./..?./F0.3+/+
/0++...=
.+/.+0101J./3+F0
116
++/ + +JBX+02.+01/.4+01Y3F0+.S+/.
-J.NM.=F0++./..+0.101J.
+1/NJ0?/.3?.+3+F0H0.
/M.+*.3J.+3/++.N?./+.0+.?
0/.F01?1JF0/3.+H=/*
+0*+. / 2@B.:==403J/M./3+01
?.3./M.+ /30E=..30R.+.H00.
&+?.+=
>>=.HM+/*0M33+OJ+*/3.F0++.O0..
/.....0F0+./...NJ.HO.
+ .H..F0.+/.J.+/.1.
0+.F0N.++-=H.+1/N03
O/3+.*H +*0+++/3/./3++.?++
+ 3F0 + . 33 3 1/= #0+*
3M/1J+?.3."+3/1U+1F0+0J+R3
+.N++1/U+1+. +./.=.+.H..
+ 3/1 + + .3 + 0+- + N + HJ +.
30H.0.0+.+./.+./+./3.=.H..+1
./+-+H-+++.++H+...N./J- C +.
*O. + +* 1/= . H.. 1 ..J 0. 1..
/3.. +. 3 + /S N . +. 0+. +. N/.
+H.*++.H.O.+. ++01.
.. +*J.= ;.. +. H.. ? +. .0. .31.
...3/.+?H+F0+*0.0.+3/1
+ .+. 1 1 . . + F0 ?=
C
+ *+*+R."XY*.=
117
#3.+./.+./...00/ +/.0
0.3J+.E.J= N-3.0
/ /S /3+0+1 .++ +. 0*. H..
+.=/F0++.H..3+/..+//3+&.0
0.+...3J+./..N++.30.3
3+/30.+./N++1*.+/0
+...F0+./M...H*.0.... /.=.
O0*.+J/3.2=DD4.+3.*0F0?+3/
+0++F01J.30R.+.+..J+0+J+/.+
3++?+= +1+.**..0/33+.+/3.
/../.+0.3+.=++.O0*.3J.+J
.R3/+/.,01+../O.+.+.+J/3./
F0H..+?+?0+/3=.?..
3J+...O0*.+./F0+.J./..+/+
1+.*0+03/+.?.+J/3.=.
/.J+0*11+1/=+0..HN.
HO.O0+./*.0.0+.+0+.?.F0..
F0+.?+.NJ./3?.0/.2=@4.0.
+.**.3.+.J0/*+.*0/+/3=
>=+"#"=L /.F0+./../01.
H.0+...⎯F0/.0./.+*0H.++
/0*01./3+/.0+0*3+*001/M./3
/=NJ/+./..3+.H..+0..+..
+...3H..30+.3+.0..+1-S+
N.=#R.F0J31J/0."+?/-+.+.1+
3//.2+>O0+>O0+4++/ A "#
.?+3.+
118
/.+.H..3.F0.+/S/?0?.
.3+ .3+= *0J +

+ K"
/. +. H..
+0..+ F!
++H. 30+
"
F0.3J
0.1/+0+J+.H...J.+./3.+ F
+
O"
+>
/.+.H+.+3)#
+

+2
+
0
)
&
*S/H..J1..J.0../..
F0.+/./F0.0N0.++.H.1.+. .=
,30.F0.3H0. J.H.1.N00+30+
.F0++H//*+F0+N.0.1+.+R3/./
.0/*-*J0+./J.+..0.OH.=0+.
.+1.0F0.F0+.+0.+J/3+.3+.+.J.
H.1.F0++..1./J..F0O+./.*-. +0J.
..+?=
>B='
=L$O/.N1+/M./3+1**+
F0.H+.0.30+.=330/3+/+1
*- F0+ 30+ . . .0 /J./ N. 3+J .0.
1+..+0N.3+++.++.0+*.+ .0//M..
..0.0/3++0+F03+./M../+.
3H3.+.E+.++*0ON. ./0.H/
3.J.0*/M.+N/.0+R3+/M++J+J+=
1/R.+.**..?.+*-F0++ H/.
3F0N0++./+.F01+/.10+*+.0F0
O/M. /3F0? + /3 +. *. /.. + 3./ +
/ .F0+ +.= /./ .0 . 30+" +. *.
...M3/+330+./JN+0+*0/M.3011
/ .H/M.+H.10.F0F0++F0.3+.*.10+*.=0
119
.+.3././F0..F0+0-+.3/S./J+1+.
30+.3F0*/.+*?+1+./*+F0+F0/
0.0.NO..+.*.10.+.E/..0.*.NO.=
.L.30R. .. 30. /. 0+L+ NN E F0
.3+.F0+.**..+H0.0.F0
3 ++.+N.E3+31+*+*=+N/
E3++*0.++.N/.*..F0/1+++/0V0M
/. + .W + 0+- *. H1 & 0 S/
.+NO.E."+N0/+.0.+.*OU+N.
0/./ .0.N-?..00.0+*.0..*.+
*0&.0../0+.30+./M.*.F0N3.+
⎯3F0 H1 + H/ 0 30+ + N +
/ +3./+.+.10.+.*.+..0.NO.=
%
120
9
&i 8
=
&i

= =l5 = =
&l
8

# $5
= $ 6'
>B$I,
>B
'
>
8
. *. NN. + 30+ / + / .0 /3 . +
/++N-.3...+.+.+/*+JJN.+./M.
+O.+J/.+/01+-N..+.+...
=
A

E"&../.++*+/+E.
0 ..F0.3/.+.++.F0+.0.NO.+..
F0 F0. + 1 +. *. .. F0 . .?+ ++.=
./.33.M.+.+./H0.01=./..
/+...F011J+./O.F0.+/+.1..F0+.
33.= /. 1*0 / .0J .0 /3 F0R /.
122
3H.. O / . 0J .0. /0O. NO. .= /.
.H-.33.03+1+F03.+/
/3++ .0. . 3 .0. 1. . . +. .
1.+.= +.0+N.30+.03...
/..3F0.0N+/.0E./+
0/H0/3.+3.++.+.0+.**.+./.=
.3+.*F0.1*..0.+1+..30+.
F0++./3.F0N.3..=+//.+.+*0.F0.N+
.X+*0./0.Y+.++.F0+.H/.F0.
+.N+NH/0NF0++.F0H0N+.+.30+..00=
.R/.+1F011N3.//+.3./.
.3.3+.3/.+..0+0.&3+.+.+*/=
$+.0/..003..3/..01F0
H0/+0.33.0.0.0+.0.03.=
M30.+33+O.3F0?+0+*S/3.
.0.+.0+.F0++*01/.*31+..J
/M.+./O+.F0././0/M.F0H./.
1*./M*.H0..+N.=
>= 3(
"=CBL/-/..+30+/
+/3F0.0+++++J/3- .?+..+.+.
0.+./+/M.H00F0+/M.O1.=%0/H3
0++..0*03+.*+0F0.+1
3J+/*/++J= 0././3.0M+H0
+O.0H0 = ./+J..01.+/F0+.
+./..+30./M.1+/F03J+1.0H+-F0
CB
+ 3J3./-+0/ ..3J*H.3+=
123
/3.+./.+..0./*. C@+.0..F011J+=%0
30. + 0 / .0 3/ H/ / 0 30. 1- /+
HH3+.0.++*+=+H0+*/3=/M.F0
3/.H./0N+.+.F0.0+N.F0++.3/1.J.
++./0N.+..0/./3.3..3- 3+
/3 0 +. F0 /- . . 0. .3. 0
.0=...+//?.+.+.+++0J
.0H+-1-.0+.+.F0F0+0*/3.
+./0++./=.+++.+.+....+<0+1J.
0+1+.+..=.3J.001/.
N/./3..F0++-O.+/3/+.
0.3J+1.+.0/+.+..+./3/.+..=NJ
/.N./NJO0./..+-=.S+/H03
H0+F0N=+0 +...H/ +30+/+.F0.
2 E" P

"4=,30.F0+/-+F0++..-.1..
H0.+F0+30+/.033M.1U/.3/.
.0/=<0R.+F0/+F00 N..0+./M.
N.3+/.+N.=++*0O..?0/F0
+...+.-.+..+.0.&.J/+.+.
+.+.*/.+..+1.+.3..+.NS.11JO0./030+
0/S/0F0..33++/+..=.30R.
F0..30+...**.0/++.?.3..
F0+.N++M./.01+/3+N.= /11J3./.+
/M.+*/=.. +F00N110//0
H+..=30NH/0N+33.0.+.*
C@
?/=
124
.0..0/.H..0/+0+-+...0..
+*../.=+/R++/"
$.0+.+*0.+3+J
++* .0F0+*0 +F0+3301/SU
3/.1 //3J+.*R/./0NF0H0+0*.10+/0
1../.=+.H.+/3.O+/03.+.
30+.EO.F0.H+++.*.O+.0+.
.3/11J1/.+F0+*0M
.33= .J1/. /+.**.+.+.3...3.
11J3./+/.= F0++.../M..+.**.
3/3+.O.+./.=$+.**.03
3M. F0 3J +. /. /+.= . & J 1. /
0+.F0++.F0+.///.N..1.=NJF0/M.
0+.**.+./..N++/M.J/..
/0 ++. 0 .3 3J NO +* ./O + .3= .
1./..3*0++0?.+H+-.1+0+H+.
+. *. **. .0 /3" F0 +. **. .0. . /H
./0+/+.?.+F0.0.+.O..0J.J*0+.R
3+*0.+./.H0....H-F0.
0.+.H 3*+..+.+.=M.+/.1
F0++/.+/3+/30NJJ.0/M.+
.+././+.**.=..NJ.0*0+/+.+
H+M+..*..=
= +#( "=L +.+M/.+NM
+0=./3- .0.3/.?.=$1/..30R. /
+.H0.+3.+0+3+N*=F0+3
+ H/+ . + . + 03*+ 0.= F0++. 0. /.
125
.J+0.H0.03++/30+/3.0
H=0*F00/*...0/3+3J.3..*3+
30+30+F0H+F0N0/U/././*.+30+
3J1....0. ./+0.0..=//
E/.M/01.+*.+. .
0/*.+*J/=0..1./3++.+.+3.3 .J
30.+./.+./*..=+3/0.+/+0+.NJ
.E3.+./*..33.0*0+.+F0
/*.JO0.J0+*3+//+.0=/
F0H0.0+F0+/+03J+3N+U.3/J0+/
F0+N.0 .30O.+N =+3+.1..
0../M..+//0.N/.3++3.13
+.0/.=J+./.+.0/+/./N0/+F0
+..+./*..+.+...=.0/.0.3.."
"
"J3++.H0-+*=$.3/JF0+.F0.3++
F0...*+.N/.3F0...*0F0++...
J.+1=.3+./.+F00 .0+JH0+
"+F0+. .0+..NJ.0/N+F0//
*0J .0. .= . .. . . H0 + N. 1 3 .
H.+0.+/3U+N./R./.*3+
N.3..3/*0./3+.3....3
/.E?.+.3J0+.0 =+F0N./..0.+
M*++ /3++//.3.
NMF0.+J-+1F0+30+=N.+.
3/./3.+0.3/M.F00+*.+0N.+.3.
F0 3.J . +. N. +. 0. +. 3+. F0 . 1 +
126
3331.*S/..N.=00**0
F0++.+0N.N0.*+.++.3.3-F0/0
3JH1/.+.*+.0+...1+.=
0N.0/0+.+/.F0N0//.3.++..+*0H0
0.F0.1..*".1F0/.NN.M.M.
+. /. 3 .. +. NJ + 0. *0+ +. +.
./+.H0.+./*..=$++..*.3..
03JH/1+.. +.1+3++1+.0.M*0+.
1.. . . .0. /*.= . NM . 1 +
0H0+1-.+.0+.+./.+F00 /M.N
3. .0 H+0O + N. + /0= 0 3H H*+ *J .0
/ 1+ + + .0 J./ / 3 H0
0+./0...F0NO/0+*N0++.03.=+.
/. ?J .. /R. .0 30 +. +. ./. +
.3+O.0.0.3+/S=0.F0.H-
3+ 0F0+/3F0+.+....O03
H/0.+.F0/3.*./.=1F0N00
30++*0/M.+F0/H0.++.+O
0=+*0.+.0.&.3+/.3/ +.
.0*+*-+1..0.//.0E/+F0++* 0+
+ . /= . NJ ++. + H= . NJ
.3+.U3.NJ+.=&S/F0++.+.
J3SO+3H/10++0=,30.F0+
.O0N0../0N/M.H0H+-O/M.+.*..+.U
3 . 0. F0 0 .3 N0 +- + /./ 3H
.++01/.0.=.+./=+*.
127
/-+3+0 +.0.=+*J.0./*../0N
0 ++/. ' +. 0+. . / F0 /. 3 +. 1.
NM.+30+/=.033++0F0..1.+.
.0/.+.3..""
"3.+.1.F0..
++..?++.03S++.1.J/..=.0N*+.
+.+O/3+.033J+?/113.03.
3..+...*0++.+/0/=$3J.0
+ =
B= 3 "" *=L*0 +/0*0.
0 +. /0O. N / /= . 1 F0 F0++. /3.
*0.+.3.3.+.O.+++3+/" +.3.=.
1F0+.N.+.3..++J/M.+J/F0+.F0++*
+. ./. + 30+ NJ .+= .. ./. F0J F0 +
.3.H0..301=+H/++.3.
.?+/0O/..?=.0..3+.0.+0+..+1.
+.+0.++.3N+++F0NJO..30R.+.1..
+ H/+= 0 +. J. H.0.. .. + /3 /3+J. +.
.?.3.N0/+.0/+.*0. 0*0././J*0++
++1+1.F0+NJN+NN.0+1.M.3.1=$
/..30R./M.+3. +./0O."F0/.. +NF0JF00
+. 33+. +/. + M + / H0 .0 ./3+ 30
1H/+=
@& G( "=L0.+3++3+$
.
.+M33H+./.=.HM+N++3+/
0.*H.O0.0/3.++ $
& F0. $
/300++3H= 7

.+1-+1-F0.3+
128
+= F0++ F0 0J 0 N/ H+0 .0.
0.E3.+3+ $
& $
/30.
$
01-..*H03JN30N//
3/3+.O..0.0.=30+30N-.3
?+$
"/..+/E+0+.N-.+.E*.
.0+.*=/++*-H.30..++=++E*JF0
+.3+../0.+*+3./F0+0*/0.
.H0...0+.0+- =J.0+30+.O.3+
/. +. N/. + S+/ 3S+ . ++ . ?J + 1+ +
*"+0+ ++*F0N-.3 + H
F001/+++.+./0+*0/+.
..0+./.=+3/M..++M/+F0H0/
.0/.//R0+.0/0+3.N-=
I= 7) ( "=L0N.F0JN/.N+./..
/M.333.3..3F0H=$1.3.+./F0
0+/ .30/+13*0=H+.30R.+.
S+/. /3. + 3S+ +. + /3 . . /.
.=..++:13O/3+./0.0N/F00F0
.01 E +. / . ++/ 0/3+ ++= + +.
N/..0R3F0.+./O.NJ31N+F0NJ
/O+.+..+&= S.1+1*.1+.3/.
J.U/.J.0.3-=E3..S+/...H1+..
F0+.0+.F03.++.N/. ..01+
0. +. N/. /= .*0J. +. **. 3 .0 M ./3M
2X>
QO
Y=B4"+./.F0J3M.3/=.**.
3+N/.0..+...3.3J.0F0
129
H0.++=+/300..UF0++..0+0.F0+.
O. ++. / F0 ++* . * H1 * 0
E3 3. / EO.= + ** + 10
.3J + E+ . 3+ F0 .0. 3 3/ 1- + H. 3
/+3H30 +*SON/.=+/..J+10
1+. NN. + 3.- 3 . +. ++.= . **. .
*0++J.0./O-+.#(#F0N++*0.
..U3H.3+/.F0J+*0..3++.=./.
/EO//*0.0/./3+3.*
/.= . F0 .0 /0.+ 0+ R1+ +. 3/.
/.F0F0++//*.+.F0++++.+.++/
./3+/EO.= 11 0R3F0+/+.N/.
. ++ +. 3./. F0 NJ J ++ +. .. 0. /..
**.= *0.3/..F0..0.3..0.+/./3+

3/*.3EO.3./3F03.F0EO
0/*F0NJ++0+.3+0*0.=..J
+*0N0 1..30R.N+++0
3-"0.O0..N/.0+/++= /0
N++/.+./.N3RH..0./*.U3..+...
F00+N.+3HH0+./*./.+./.=$
0F0O0-*/...3+ .0.33.N.."F0N.
..1.N....3.0.1+.+./+../.+.*..
.HOF0N++J/.++./M.0/....+/+H/=
30 HJ /R +/ /. **." + / +.
.0..=$32X>
QO
Y=@4.N/.0M
HH0 .. +. **. .3+/ +. ..= . 1F0
130
// .N0./+..+.0.*..
.+.0../3.U+.N/.33+.+.30.0..
.../+.U/0N+H0+N++0+.0+1
.///+.S+/.J.+3S+=.+++
+././+...=.J+./.N0.
+/./..03+/.0...*0+3
.0.0++.=0.+30+ .*O..+0JJ
+.M+*..0.H/..*.F0N.3O0*.3+./
N+.=/. +H0330+.+.H..+.3//."+3.
+.*.03M.33+/+.3++.1..+./1++..
3..F0..+.=$1 /+/+//M.
+..S+31-.+/F0.3+
30*+..=./3*3+. .J+.*..H..*.F0
.30.+.+.F0.0.+0N..++./0
H1.+./../+.+30+"+./.3+/..0.S+/.
/3.*-M...+...++./.0+.
+.*+.

.J/./.+.H.= .J*0++
./+.0++&US+.J..0+./.
H+0J++/0N0/1...3.+F0/3+
.0...0N.0./.. H+.HJ3 CI.0/*JH
+0++0*/./F0+ NJ.?+./+..3..+1.
+ /F0+NNNJJ.//+./O.0..
*. H+.= S/ S / 0J +. EO. + / +.
/3.3++J.+/++1.0.+.+//M.0/
.0.H0.F0++F0-+3+/0=
CI
+ 3J3"X3Y=
131
'

,
>=+$

!"=L.3+F0/H0.+33/M.
F0 0 30. 1- /+U 3 . . .*0 F0 +. /. H0.
33+//.=+./*/+1-F0.+*0
+N..H0+0+1+=J0.0/3.0.
R+ /3 . O .0. /. 33.= + 3J * .0 1 +
0F0JN.0=0/.0.3/.J..*/.
..".H+0O.++0.3.
.+H.-3."F0+/3./S/+..H./
./+0*01..././3?.3.+1.=.
.31.F0++....1+OR3+*F0
+.1+./.J.*=NJ++J3H..JH./+.F0N
..NF0**.+.*.0.+.*.00
0 "+.3/../..H0/33.&/"
+.+. .1J*. .0.+.. ++.3. .13*
+*0U+.../.30R.1/.../O+.0..
/3.=NJ++J*./.+./+.F0N3 .3.+.0.
0.R3=J+./.F0E3/M.F0+.30.+U
.03J./+.U300..H/M.F0+...
O.F0.3+0.=F0JF0+.S./.++.
H0+.3...+.0+./0J0F0.F0++1.0.1.
.0/J-3++J+.0.&0.3+/+.
+J+.1..+0O3H0/.+-.
132
/H+.3S30=
#/. 30. F0 + /3 /M. /3 F0 + 0 + 1 0
//SU3+F0./.3/+N*+/+/3.0
$
& $ .1/. 3. . 01 H /. **.= 2#=
X>
QO
Y=D4=
= +"=L0./O.+.3/...+.**.3N
.+.3/.F0H+./.=0J0N30*03O
O/+00.3./"O+/+N003
F03++..3.+N0/UO+0+N1+.0+0
*0OF0*J*0+*0F0JR+3+*0O+N".H0
33+"/+
"L3.*L+./.=.
01.//O3/..F0++*00=/-+.
**.H.0...+H/0N+0.+.0
3++.0+.0..3+.N/.+H/+3F03+./0O.
.0JN+0.3+H+.../M.3.
.+3/N+/0.*03.=./.3.03
0.0
" +.../M.3.?3R+=+.0/....
.0.+.E1.+0/3 CT1.N.0.
..++/=.1++.S/M.F00.3.N +
+0-+0.3..3/.3.3/+=
.03+/0.+2%*=>4.+3 E/+=+
"2 4.
S+33+3.+.U/.../+.1.N.F0
CT
==="0/30+.F0./++N/.NJ/3=
+?DC==H0.30+O+.-.O.0003 +
#.0N.>D@F0 *+././F00J.01=.N1
E3+.0.0...F0.N.01++0-/0
3+0/0=...0/.N1O/0N/
+0-.+1+./.=
133
R+=.E30.M.330.N0 /3.-F0++1
++++
"&..N/R03.+3./3N++/...
3..=..++...F03+/11J+./.+.3/.
/3..0.N.+/3=.*/.N.+1/++*0
+.../3F0++R3/..+1+..../3=
3J.3.F0S..13F00N /S/3.30
.H/F0.0H../3+0+/++.?.=.
. +. .. /. +. .. . + 30+ . +. *.
.3+R.$
+.+.+.F03H+.3..3/N+
.+=.+F0./.+...+../3+.0.NF0
. N* /* F0 .. + 3+ F0 F0J /.= +
" 30. +
3. /S= ++J + +0- F0 1J + *0O 0 + N⎯+
" $
"⎯J. +./O.+N*+H/+U++J..+
/. /S *0. ++. +. 3. +. NO. +. .+1.U ++J . . +.
/0O.+.N+.0+U++J/./+.3/.J./.+
+N+.OH.+N*=M.H0R.F0+
"+*0.3.F0.
0./0.*0/.N.3N0R.3.=
$+H*=>m..1+3///3F0.N-..3
..=
+.3.. F0/3+/+
" .F0R++
.330+*0".1.+/30+.3..
.".+++/+ #
"0.3+0?/.0N 31=R+
*0.0.33+.2 # .0".R+3J1*+F0+/.
+F0+..0J=
+ H+0O +. **. O +0* 0 .*0 = M. + #
"
/01.+
"3..N.3.-.++/.) 0 .+
.03OJ3.=..+0/.3+0++
134
3+** !F0F0+0/..3+.+/

!
"& .+33/M.F00OJ0./.
.. .*S 3 3 .. 0+ 3F0 .+J ./ R+ H0.
N+-=+0*+.../M..3..H0/R+
!
"
0.F0.1J/+.=%0+...
/*H..** .013++..*0/
OJ++0+.0/RN.=+./S/
+. S+/. J. + 3S+ . /3J +. . 3. 33+. F0 N/.
/"2>4+
"+.3..F0++3.-F0++1
F0++++U24+ #
"/+.0+.) +U+

!
"3M.3...++.=.F0+

" + #
" 3. F0 . +. ./O +. .. **.U F0 +

!
" 3.+0F00/3+.F0.&
.H0+...**.=
+ + . 0 N / +. 0. /3. 3/1. +
3S+=.1R3F0.N++/F0++.H.*0+.
F0NJ...0*0++..R= 0.N0../+F0J+./3.++
F0/NJH/.*.0.NO..03./3"1-++.
0+1+./3.0++..+1.*..F011J/.
/?./J...F0J/M.3..F0..+*.
2\=
A

E"]3=II4= +-M.+./3..+//M.+.
+. +. .+1. +. /*JH. 3+. .0. 0?.= /. 1+1 +.
0.31+//S+.0.=
B= +
"=LN3.0O000//0
.00**U3F0+././.0../.3+.0
/S3= S/M.F0&.0* ++J+X0Y0+0*HH
135
H0*0X+0Y

"XH+-Y.+0+0J0./3
+.N.+.+./33+*= ++J.+-+./3+.+...
..+."++..+3+-/ ) " F0.1J+/./
/3.+.0+.O0.+0*0 +../+.330+.U
+0+.+1+0*+...+.0.=F0JF0*/.
../30+0+30H+-.*0/30+30+
N+U0+.EJ3+.H+..HH++.++.
+...+0=0..N.3+/SF0++.++.=J+...
+++ .0 / 3 .0. +F0. /. . *S =
0J.0.1....3F0?.3..+.J.3F00F0+.
.+11J.+3F0+0OE?..+0.+=
+0/+H+-0/0++U3F0+/0+
H+-. +J0303/.*0++0J./3.
0S/M.3/1=3.31.+0+/0
+.=NJ++J.. .*0O.F0/3+. . 03+
/UF0+.0.3F0?.01+.../M.0.+3.=
+.+...+F0.+0/.++3+++.++30..
+13+.O.+3.++N0/-0+F0.J+0/.
+/+.N*0.+?.+
" 1.J/0/M*
1+.1.0 ./JF0..+.3+.
*+..CD+.+*.+0/..0./.=./+...30+.
/0 /-F0. 3. N++ / + +. O. +. /3+. H.
3S+.= . .. .0 3 / + ) " + +0* 0 +.
0.= /. / /3 / O/3+ 0 0 /0 *=
++/.+H33+0/3+:S30E/+F0NJH+
CD
?/=
136
0HF03N .+.J+0+*0. 0.
3...0J+1-+./*..=0++H.+F0.++/+
K
& .+ +:0..3+RH.0.31N*.
+0/.+H+0+H+30+-M.+0+.+F01J C
+./*..+.3..=#J.30R.0/*JH/3+#0.F0+.
3+00/3+.+1.0+1./.
30+0/.3.++.+.= *0J.0+0/

/++30.+0+.1J/+0*3S+31..3..=
+.3H.+.../0*+33.N+
+/U.O13.+0++./H=JO0.0H
1O1.+-.0./M++0=+++
H+-F0+/3+:S3+1M.//? CCF0..03
+ 0*0.= #J .30R. + . .O + + . /3+
.*0+1-<0=+..3../3+/
++0.3+RH10/F0...+0
/3=..0/+O.H/.3F0H00
.3,+.+1-0,+..3+3+.0.30.F0..*
+/3+0.0+..=+H0+N++0/.
+.E30.3F0+HN0/3+/3J++J.+.
+0/. /M/+ + = * .H0- /* + H.J 0M
.3+R1.N.F0+++.+*./?.F0+++N
H 0 + /0N0/ +* S /3. + ./ +
.3+H*.+.++J=
@= +
E"=L H0 . + 33 + 0 / .
0. +. 0F0 .30O /0N . ++.= .0. ++. /M. .N.
C
+ 3J3"X1JY=
CC
+ 3J3"X/?Y=
137
*0+.= + F0 3. / +. /. +0* F0 +. *+.
.0+0.0 +30+.0.../+3+0*3+F0
30N*0++001=+..+..F0.
H.+ '

F0+/M./3..F0 ./3
. .0. *0. 0.." +1M. 0 .0. /. + * /3+
.* :S3 :0 1U . + >. 0+= +
F
..+3/+.+.++* .J.3..++0*
H13+.*...0+.+./.=+.H+.+.+.
+O11J+.0./M.3.=++* 1+/0N+
3+ +0F0+/-?3..3.+
++...=//+*00/0*HM./0N.
+...+.+.+.+.+F0+H+.3J+1.
*J./ +0 /. F0 + H J 3. . 0 3..= J. .
./3/+.3../M.+./0.HM*+.= .+J1.
0..3J+*.+++/+.0.*0.*+=
.+.++.0*+H.0F0+.NJ.0..N.=0.
+F0++.3..+.3+O/.( 1F01100N++
/M..+./F030.0../3.= /.0
33+R3+./3.F0JF0.0...+.".
. .*0+ . /0 H0= * / + H0* . ./3 +.
/.+...U3.H/F0J/.*+.F03.3+.
++.+.0+.N.0/+.1.+...+....
+..3.++/3-= +.*..3../3JF0++/.
../.=+/+0+++3+.+
+0*0 +.0.++1+0+< "E" "&
++J.*0+.0#.++F0/J./3+H0*
138
/R.+.#J*.2%*=B4 *.= ++.+-+.+JH+ E

+11 :0+R.++0+/3R.NJ.*.
#
& .. K
../0.3+/3F0.1/+
0..*+....3F0/0N.++.H00../*+..0
3 +/3++* .=33 ./1/.+0*23M*=>TB4
+./3+.+...3*.3+.**...00
..N0.3.F0.3H.3N.++.H+..
..=+.J+..0/F0J++*S/3..=
J01+.33+0/...1.++..+.0+.
NJ1.*+J.= 0/.E/.NJ0..H/J0+
.++/..+0+F0J >+.3..=
+03+H.1J+0*3.3+.../300 3
+.*./.0.+1O/3+ +/3.F0#
.+=>> /M...H..+%+ '0 0/3+
H/.'( @?F .@U+E/+%F01JO+3+
NJ/3+.*0.+'
0 O0++.+.H.3S+.=+
%/./.++..0.+0/.UH+.+ .
+1+R+0E F003+H/+..3+.
+. 0F0. *0 /. +. /*. . + 0+ N+ +. 0.
0.+../=
+.*0+..3..F0.1J/+0.+3+
.+/++ 1=+'
.
" ..?+.+.
3/.J.+3S+3+..+.O0*.F0+./../.
>
.J+ 3J3=
>>
.+=
>
+ 3J3".=
>B
+ 3J3"++0E=
139
./3.0//3..=
*.3NJ+.+3+EN+JF0
++J.1/3+=F0++H/./3 '"

&.H0+./0.+*00.N+3/M.330+.
+//=
*0+0 /.0100/33+.
/-+.>@ +.F0./0+..H0E30+..N O+
30++R.0..N.+.O +J//+.F0.*
F0++ + .1 +0* O +. .+. +
3S+O0*..0.0.=N0++J+./3.+3S+/M.
H.F00./3+.U.NJ+/3//3
.0.+30+F00..0. ./+. '"

'
3+*.0./*....0.+.+*0+3-=
+./3.+-F0+/3/0N..0./M.N/..H.U
+.S+/./3.0+.3..NJ1+ H
H0
J+3+ NF0++.+0*.0./...0 +F0NJ
./3+.0.=
+1...E3.- 3/./*.+0/+.J.
R. / 0 .N. .0.. 1.= +NJ . /. $
S
33. 3 + M. *. 0O.= + . +. ++. +0N
O./+.+.+.3..3.3.3+/0N0/
.S.F0*.*03.+.+++M./SN.++.
N.+.+0..0.+J3+.++N.+N+
+ + ./ * F0++. /3. .. .?+.= + 31..
3.+..3+F0+.++..NN.0N.1.
+.30.=+ >I.0F0++./-.1.F01J
>@
+ *+R."X(H+.Y/3.*.=
>I
#++=
140
+.O..0.*.+++J/H .H.-0H31
H...1*0...+.1*0.+.++.H
+.++.+.F0.+..N0/..?+.0+.1..
F0NJ*+N=$.+..+100+.
3.F0++.N+03*..../O.=
I=>* =L$N/.1. /..0J*+/+...0M+
+.300/=/.N0.0.../.
3.M.++/3J.0=//./O/3+0.0
0/S++./0F0.NJ303/*JH.
3+./0N/M.N/..F0++/RNJ3+*S/11.
/M.++.N0/+.=F03/..3+/30O+.NO.+30)
.+.?+J./.+3*++3E++
.=3.0...+./.+/./F0+.**.311++.
3F0+.1..H0=3.+3E/0.++.0=
3/. . 3 /0 . / +0J + H 0 . 3F0
.*/..+..0./3NJ.+.3...03.
.0.3=+.3N.0++++/+.
11.30H.0++/*0++0+.0.
+0..J..0.+.3.0/3.. +3...+.
1++.3N0/+.3 .=/.- 3.03F0.0//
.++.+..+3EF0++...=..J3+
= . +. .. /M. 3. .3+J 3. ++. +. +.
3.F0.30.+H.0S/+.0+.N++*N.
.. .0 30-= +*0. 1. .. 30. /M. F0 3N.
1.>T 0O. HM. / U 3 /M. /0 0.
>T
?/=
141
...F03N+10..O.+...+1
F0+30+=0..3.1/.0+0*+0.+/
013+3+-/.0.3.F0
E.R+0/.++U+0*1/.0.N
/3/M.++M0F0=..30./+.0././.3/.
3+/11+./.=.10+/3F0++.H..
3.0+.NN./1++.+...NR.+/+*J**3+
F0./M.S+.+.0+N.F0++.33F0+30+=+3.
+.../M.3./-+..H..."3
+./.+..+../M/+O/.+0+NJ
O03.++./M/+13.3..O0.
++.3N..H*0.*/R.1.J./.0.=/3.N
N++0.3+R/0...0./.0F0.M3
+*.0/1*+++ +OJ..=./.
.R.3.+*NN33..0/?.MO
/1++./0-F0-*++F030+*0.M
.03-.H.=+1*+0O+++-2%*=@4+.
+. + 3 /.J +. *03. . 0 3 N . 0 +. /M.
/+..F0+*P.N+*=./0H0./..
.+.U3..+.../3.N+++*0.*R=$
./SN++++.+*03+.+0 $0.+
31/3.+1+1."3.30..+J0H./.
*+"'$'"2V0+3W4+0+..O00
/.F03.03*0M/+H-F0/M.
142
3J 1 + 1. 3. + . F0 N
*0=
0 3. /0+. *0 1. . +
"= *S +. *0.
.0/. +
" NJ . + + +. + H+O + *0 +
" $
" /.. +..1.3M/H /0++ >D +..H.
.*+/+= ++.3..++..0.
..NR.+.3..+H/+U.+./. "
F0.
1J.+.3./+..1..+./.++.
"
F0
30J+.H.F0++.//.+H/+F0N0../3?
0.01+./3+.=3.0+./0+.N/.+1+..
F00J+.30.+.N./M.3F0?.F0.0
+.+.+
"=#/.3/+

"F0.J++/+/=.0
1 +.S+/./3.= +33/N/.1....3J+/.
3S+
+
""++J..+.3.+.3.+.?.+
3.0.../..3+..+1./3+.N0/+.
../+./O.F0+.3.=.+0*1..0/
+/.0.N0R.3.+.+...+/+.**.+0+
N0+./.&/2>
QO
=DI43F0.
J3E1*.N.0.H+.H00..+*0.F0+N=
$+0*N00..3.3+./.+.F01-*.3F0
.*+./.O0//0NS/*.=$+...
30+.NJ/01../.3+.1...+?=/.
/S/0U..0.+.3+.+N.
F0+.
..F00..0./.+./.F0**++/.T

+
F01F0+/././.30R.+0F0+/...1J/.+/
>D
+ 3J3"XY=
143

"&+ .NN/F0R+03..N0R.3.=.
./3 0 /- / HO. 0 F0 .. .
N/..3.=+....0.+/+.
/H+/+.
3..1.J./O= ..
N+N.

++.+3+0/.3JN0R.30OJ $
F0+.
N0R.3...+--F00.++/.= +.+N.
J0. $ SF0+.3..NJ?3S30=
+. S+/. J. + 3S+ . 30. * +. /.. . . .
.3J+.
+.++.+H/ >++= +JN...
/..-.+./M../....3./++.
0.+3+=0H0 N//030+3...
F0 /M. /+ +. .+. 3 0 .. /..= $ S N+ +.
N...3+.F0.3*/M.+.3.= /M.+

"
/./3J/.N1.+/ >C 1.J3.+.F00.
33++.+.O.+1O++3F0.0...O.".
N/0+.O/3+...+.E1./3=+F0
+1-.N0++//M.F0+ NJ.+1N/.0
/1++..+.+M/3.+.3.+.F0+...J=0N...N++.
/3/.N3..0 0F0".+.
./0.+*.0/N+..*0+.F0++.E+.JH.=
HJ+/3/./*F0.00+H0.*0+.0++-3F0+/N
..J . +0.0.N+. . N+*/ F030*0O
NN+3++1.OF0J+.F00../+++*0
F01.+.+ +++/+.*0.+1=.1F0.1.
0..++.+/3+./M.0.+.NJ3
>
+ 3J3"XH/Y=
>C
+ 3J3"XY=
144
..-++.=/.0./0..F0++..++.+.30./0+.
/3.0+0..+0*.U. +N++*N...+.F0.
O. /+. 3U 3F0 +. .++. .+. / +. ..
3/3./.+./M.O./..N/0N/3N
-.=..++.H//M..+++....3+03.
330+.F0H0++./M./S/0.+.0./3.3/1.=
# +0* 0 .3 F0 F0 3J +. 0. 3. 0-." +
H/.
2X.++Y4. ++./M.+./*...0
+..01H/+0++.3.+3F00-.01.0
/- .0+M/./H+=+* /.++N.3+
. + OJ / * ** / 0.M.
33+/+.3..+./0O.. ++.S+/./3.1
.1.++/.++/S+.0./M....=J/R/
+ +*J/ *0 F01+ + X.++ + 0+Y F0 +. N*.
*++3./-
" +.3++*0.1. >> ++
./.. +.-.0F0++3+.3./0HO++=,
3/./*.H/+.0..*0.F00++.NJ+0/U
3F00.++.+..../3+ )"

33+.
/?.+.1...0.+.=+.J. .0/0.
0.3.HM #
3+./..+J.J+.
+++." 3 F0 H0 /0 H. .. .. +.
+

"&
S.F0+./.+./. >>>+..+.3.+.
0+. J +. +/N. +N.U 3 /+. 0.. /. + +
3H + F0++. /0+. . F0 . 1 -. .
/0.S+H/+*0././/0./O.+.F0.M
>>
+ 3J3"X1.Y=
>>>
+ 3J3"X/Y=
145
0.N= ./R0//33+*-F03N30
/0.N.1+3+/./NM+3/=
../3F0+F0./.+O0+./..10R3
F0+.**.NJ..?3+*/3.0..+30++
/N1N.30R. 1+-=3/.
3+O0+.3/.../...F0N- 3F0H0
++E/= +.H/./.&+.0O.&+N+
+.JH.**.+.F0..1++.3..+F0.3/3.=..
/3/0N3F0/.- 3F0+... R.
./.+0*0./.J+.**.F0+.F0N.0..
O.+NJM3+.=$3/RF0+./0+.0./
/0N /. 0/.. F0 +. 0.. ..= ?/. +. J0+.
/.0.0.."
30..M++M/.++O0
0./=//&3F0+/0+O.
/333++.3...+.H/+.=
'

#
>=+$

!"=L.NF0N/.1.+*+.+
/3/..*0+.0..*.3+.=,3.3 N
/.+1+.3/./3.+/3=1M.+++.+
HJ.0.H/+.*+.0N0/++/0-='.+0*+/3
N.F0+++/J+0F0N1+1.0/.0..=
$.30R..0..O01N.F0+30.+.++++/.0
0/3.0?= +0/3J..3JH++.J.H.
146
+H/++.+ +...1.01.+//M.
0+.J.H
SF0.+01./.+.
+.1+.30..0+-/3+.3.....3
+H/+F0.NJ+././=+10.3+/+.
S+/. J. + 3S+ +. + /3 /0N /M. 1 . /M.
03=.0+N/..*+10+.++.+
++++.+13F0E.J++J++./=3+ /
J1-/.1..*.3.=%/M.303+3+
+.//.+.*0.H/+./.3.03+.F0NJ
1 +R. 3 0. + O +J./. /3+.
F0R.+.F0+.31.U3.0//0N/
0/.3++.XN/.01.YF0/0+.+./3.
+.+.F03+.*?.O-. >>NJ+*N+++/+
30++.N.=$O++..+/.+30+F011J.0/3
+/J-F0.0J+.+/+.0.3.F03J
/M.F0X3O0*.+Y=
= +$

",=L/.30.0+.3+.F0+
++.F0+1/. /.00?/3++J=1JN./+
.+.++*++.M+1.J0+NN/0N0/+.F0
1N.01.+/?.03=+1+ +F0. /
O 3 .3.+ 3 1. / /+ * + +.
M. 0.. *0. 01..= + //3 3 + /0+0
.0?+..0./3F0*S0..+/3+.
++.+.?=#+0*+.RF0.+1.3.+M1+
/? & . . + . .0/ F0 N /3+- + .
>>
+ 3J3"X.O-.Y=
147
N.3+F0++.3/.J./O.=00/3F0/+..++.
*++331+/.+3J.0
30.*0+0F0030.N0/+=$NH1*.1
M.3/.30R.*03/0+*J+/+=
N1.0.⎯+*0.1.+N/3/M./0+1.
+/?⎯3++/F0+//3+-+=
.1..3
1U 3 F0 . .+J ?+ . +.⎯F0 + 1- +. ..
+.+/+J"3F0+/.0.N.3M+.F0+.
+.NJNN3.0..+1.3.1+.0.10++.=.3
...1.*.0.0+.1..1-..
/3/M.0N+JF0//1..3
/3.0/3.J/./=..+.30.++.+..
33.+0.03= ..0+.+*0.0+J+.+
/E+.-0.U3+.+.01.1-.+.
/01 3. . .?./ + N0/+ .+0 XV +1 .?WY U>$
"
J + /./ /3 F0 . 10+1 + *0++. /* + .+1 F0 + ..
" 3*0+ + / .0 1.=
1- /. +. .+0.
/0N.+.+.+.3N1...F03
.+0.0.*..O/.+*+.3.+F0
.3.033F0+J= .J3.+.3/..N.+/?
.F0+*S.3+.J0/* ))

" N+*+.?
.+..+N.0/= .01.H/.30.
1.. 3/ .>>B +. 30. +
" 0+ M3/ +
/0/0/0N0/+/+01F0NMM1F0+J=
B=7
$

=L F0J/..3F0+./.J.
>>B
+ 3J3"X.Y=
148
/.1..1+J=+J1+H/+/-/+0.+
/N.310N.=+J0+H/+0+
+..+1/S/-+.++.+/+
30..1N.*0+0 F0/3-.0
+.+.+J=/0J+./../M.0.+103.01
N./.F0/+100/M.F0= F0JF00
XNY+101/M..0.N+1-F00 >>@
1003/M.0N0=N.R3//3- ./3+/JU
3+N.*0O0/3-/+.0/0.+
/?F0//-./+.NF0/0.=
@=+
=L +N+/?/3-+.*.+JU
3...0//0+*/
"F0.3/M.
+3+++HR+.H..F0++/0-*+= >>I..J.+/
3/O1/3?+*S/O+**0..+//+
0.M+.F0.=/.+/+./0NN..0/++.
+/?/33.0
"0.33.++3J=.30R.
..++H*+0?+..++.RF0.0.+.F0
.0/+/3?= +*F0N+.0+.3.0330
/*...+N++.H.00.+.
3+0..F0.0.+.3/.0+0= .M+*.30
1.0/*.F0.MH/0.01.+*S0.
N + +*0 10 F0 .3 +*S+*= + 1- . .0
30..3.+.0..+H/+*S.//3?
+NO0/*+%+/1.+O1+23=>I40E+
+*S333.0.+.=0+F0...3F0.0.+.
>>@
+ 3J3"X0Y=
>>I
+ 3J3"X*+Y=
149
.*H./.0++F01+3N+*0++13..+.
.+1..R++O+1R.+3/0N0/
N0+.3.+/0F0++.++./+0./+31/.=
/0 . .3 +. +. . + N R/ + J N. + 0+ N
*01F0.+.1...+/.+3.1+
...0N+JM1F0.+.1-+/F0*0=
.+3.03/M.+/+3.1+1M.0.+/J
F0.+NF0./H0//+R/0++.*.=.
.+NNN./+3//.0..+J+
"F01
.+F0+.H..++/* ) &+.*0./3.NJ.
.0/N++/+/J3+F0+
"01
+/0-U/.33.H0++N+/N.0
*+N00/3F0+.+/J+/J/.0
/R .2\>
Q
]=4=$.J+
" /+

**+* HR.1.003 +.O.+/?
0//.F0/3-.=..J3+.+.HJ.
3.+*0/.H0.31=
I= +
=L.30R. +
" 1J + .. + /J "

..=..0/*+//+H0 ./+.N
/./+/+= ++J1.+..+.*+.././.U
. 10 .+ +. ++. + F0+ + /J . /M. * S F0
/N= / +. *. O0+. +. ... +. 0+. +.
./+.+30++ 0.03 = .0F0
3J/.0..N.F0NJO/.0+%=+1-
+.3/1./3.H0.0+.0/...3.F0+1+0
HJ++/3"0.OF0+.+.300.0.H.
150
+.N.+/JO+.++++0./.*.=
+.0.>>TN++/.N0++..0/N.+.S+/.?.+3S+
F0+/+.NM..3-J./.
EO.= +1.+.0/*+=M.H/00
/8H>>D0N/N0/+/.3.X+/+J
3 +. .. +0/.Y 0 1 0 H*0 .3+ / /? F0 +
N0/F0+3/ +H00+.N."M+.+H./.
+ /J / 30R/. .. 0+/ ++ + /N= /
/./H0/3+* +0NF0.0.0*0 .
.0/>>+.0?+..=
T= !*

=L0*+...*0/.00++O
=J+.O 1..+H/1/./+.+/3
J .+ +0N .*/J O0 . 1. O.
*/M..= +. . 3J .0+ . . N. +=
1. H1../.S++O0*3+=J.
0N ..O0* S

"+0+.*+/O0+.
?.=$+.*.?.3S+.+.F0N+/../31J+0*.
./O.3+H+.0.3.=.O0*...03+
O0*N..0.-3...3O"1++031
.H.0.=R.F00..+..3+=/0F0+
/M.+*+)
++/.3+*F0+.*+..O0*+.
3."+++/+-31.+*0.1.*0.=./
O0*+F033.33. +3.?."N00/3
F0 0*0.*-E//++=3+F0.*0J+)
/?+
>>T

/=
>>D
?/=
>>
+ 3J3"X.0/Y=
151

/../.3F0R.+++/.J0M++/.3+F0+
0.=S+/+.+
03+3F0?++3+0/.0./0N.
1..O0*.=../3+.+..3...U33/.1F0+
O0*H1+
N.30./N0+O0*+
F00+-++3+>>C+*+10+1"3F0+O0*
..3+.0/3.O0*.=J/M.+ "F00.3
?J./.301.O0*.33.+3++1-1.
++.= .F0*0./0N..O0*.U3.
F0/+*0F0H0.3.3+./.=+H/.0*0
0 R1+F0H0+/M..*.0/30E3J./O0*
3+ 0. *O. / . O0* .30R. .0. O. +.
0+.F0+/./.1H+ .H +:1H0/01.O0*M+
3S++/3= R.N+F0++.F0.*.0
/3 + O0* 3+ / N+J N 0 N/ *1 0 F0 11.
/3+/*00..HS+..=
D=+#,=L+/3+O0F0*0++*= ++
1N.+./3.+.?.3S+./.?+F0.
.+30+0J/0N0/F0+F00.0./M.*.
0.0+.>3+.=+.3/./3..+J/+?.+.
S>>
/M.F03+/3-3+F0+.3/...?31.0
3S+.3N./0.++.= +.0/J.3..03+?
HJ/. 3++U0F0NJ?F0*0..+.
/.O 1.+/./+N.+JJ=++M3+./3.
+O.+.*0*03S/-+..30+..0?.#
S
>>C
+ 3J3"XY=
>
+ 3J3"X0.+.Y=
>>
+J"X.301J.Y=
152
#S ./O-+ #
**+.0+.1/3+-+.3/1.
+1.F0.++/$
& +33/ &/3.
. H.+.*.3*.+*0/11.30.*J..
.00..NM.+.0131.03.=.//0N.
...+EO++* .3330+= +S/?."J.F0
*3>+/* 0*0.? >B
0..+.F0.0.=.
/3. N .0 +0* /0 1.. H. F0 ++/ "
NJ+1-?.*/..1.+.=N/0./.F0
+.F0.+/,?.+++= +H
N00+.31.N03.+F001.?3S+=0N.
..N..0.U3*0.M/O.1F0+..F0.N++
/3=0++.3/.H/./3+F0++.0/
F0++./.=+.0....0
+M/F0.M3.0?/+0+F0.3030
/0+ F0 H0N++ +. /.>@ = . +M/. 0 1 U
+*0. 30. .H*0 + 1 1- *0 ++= . /. N/.
/..00*.+*S/0.F0S.F0=+?/
HJ/0N.F0N.+/0=F0J3+/..
N. S 3 +. 0 +.. ? F0 .3 .0.1/
.0//+./.=...N."2>4+ )

" +?
HJO0+0++0++*0.+.?...F0.0.1..
.30R.0.U24+

"00+/R..0.R+
0.+03.+.?../J.H.U2B4+
"3.+
+F0+.?..3J/0?+/+?00
>
+ 3J3"X *33Y=
>B
+ 3J3"X Y=
>@
+ 3J3"X/.Y=
153
? + = 3 +. *. .. 0 ..
3..J.1./M.3F0?.O0.R+U/M.+.0.0..3
+ ? NJ . 3 ..H 1.. E*. + .+ 3 O=
.0J./S/O0.. .?.3+0.+.N/.+0
+3++./0O.=.//.+NF0++
H..*0.+..0.
+-...3F0+
++N30.3.+/3O >I ++.=$NJ/M.0.
F00J++3+.+.3.+.3..= +.N.NJ
/R *. 3M0+. F0 .0/. *0 + 1- F0 . .
.=
*++.?..+0/. F0+.?.3S+.0
.0/3F0?J./01 3/M.0/N10F0+.?.F0
3J .30+. 31. . 3* 3 .030. 0. /0N /M. +.=
+0*+0+

"+HJ)

"H/.0.
*0..+.?./.0+.0..0.!
0.
F0++.=J.+1..1*.0+.1..N0
+?F0."+.?....+*0.//.+..++
03.30=E.J/30H0*0HJ/+

" +F0+.?..3JH...N++F0++E.1U
/. 3 F0 . N . /0 0.= . 0 +
"4
/+?++33O.*.$
.0.3+0
/M.0.F0

N++3.=/.0.
++13+N++/.F0+...R+//
+

" J+/./.*/N.= F0JNJ./3
OH.*0HJ#F0.1J3./.+.?.."?NJ+
>I
+ 3J3"XOY=
154
0+3./.+.3 +F0..OH.3+/-=.30R.+?
+1+1J+.?..+0HJNJ./30N.F0*0

F0.0/*J+03= +*0../*3HJ.F0
+./.HJ3=#J+0*0/33+?+H/
0F0/OH0+.3/
+F0.*0J+.0.=
./+?HJ+?.+0+

"/O
00.3+

"
"/++J+.30.0/NN3
.O++/+

+0+.N++*/0N./0.."+H+0*
++.N++0+03H+/.3H0/.0*P.=
J/.N+/0.+1.F0.*0J.0..?..?.+.?.++1
.* 1.

++. MH. . " S& 3. .30R. +.
?..+.1.+0*...F00NJ+.*. "S
1+.O0*.+S 0.10+.3+.+0/.
F0++*+N1+1..0.../=
J0/1JF0../OS/M.0?0F0
+...=+ +
" 30.*3 *3=.0J+*+/
.+NU33F0N0NR+*0+*0"/F0+0.
./3+//0?+=.1F0H/.3+?0.0+.
F0..1+.H/.F0++.F0F0J0.0*. 3
+ .3 1+= +M/ .*0 3. 0 3F0? ? 30+
.0>II+30+n >T2/0N.N4=0.+/
/.NJ3.++03.U33/3++.0.
/M.3F0?.+0*.33.OF0333++.?.
3S+.+.3+.N++./3/0N..+0*.=
=+"
=L.30R.+?./+33+/+J..+N
>T
+ 3J3"X1Y=
155
1*0+/F0/+../+1/+0
/1=.+.3+0+.//0H0/
..=.+3/+.3+0+.F01 /0*=
/./0N.F01.+++.3+.+.. F0.
.030.>DF0+3+1J2%*=I4**L
X//SY+F0+
1- + + +*0= ' . *0 1+ + 3.
.*H.++/X/Y=.+.*0+F0.+0-1.3
0.1-XYU00 . +.J3F0++..N+*0.F0
.0/..+..+=J..3.030.N
/M.++/.0J+.F0.03.+.0+.
N.+NR/+JU3+N1+0.0+=
./O./
+0.+3+**
0+*0.1.3XY00
.*H .**=F0.3..*0+./*.F00.
+F0.+0O.../-./+./-J/.../M.
F0+N.0/./M./3".JF0/.+N0.0+
+J
//030*+0OU0F0F0.+
/30 "
$ "$
$
"/F0.00.=0+/
0F0F0/-3 3J/R.3+*N./0
+ 1- N. F0 + +0- + /? N. + . +. .3. N0R.3.= 0
F0++.F011J+//..0/N.30R.+//0
+*./.=
+.3/./3...J+/.J/++/0-+3O+
" " NN*/S*+ )/ .F0 .3/0N
/3 + / +. +.. /M. 3.= .J +0 + N+ + 0
./+F0.NN30X0//3OY=
>D
+ 3J3"X.03.Y=
156
++?J+*0/.1.+..+./*0..O0J.+O. "

+.30.++. / /.1-/J0+./..+.
+.=.+3.0.../"0.R++NJ.0.33.
N.+./0O.+..+1./H0.0/N.N3+./.
0+. += N0 / / 3J N. + *0
/ ...?..30R.+HNF0/S/.HO+
H0 +0= .H0-3/.F00F0++.J.0
H/+.=+/3+0/..?..:==1/.F0
0NJ.0H../+F0+/.NJ .0
+/=+0*+.. 1
3..
1.+.
/M..3.+..+1.=+1-+.H..F0.*0J+..H.
+./.+.11/M.*+/U+/++0O+.
**.+0*03*+E.1F0E 3/0N++.
/./...=> /.././3+./3.F0
3..J3.+.30O3+3H0..*+J3++.=
$ . N . + /= 03 R+ .0. 30.. + / + . .0.
N0R.3. +M. .0. +. + /. . + 0+ . 3J
/+.3/..0.3/.=N0R.3J.0.1++"
3F0 + 31. ++ + 0? 3F0 / /M. 0.0+ + N0.J
.*.033.=/0....0-F0/3.+
+0.0N++"1+.0//./
/M.F0.?.3N.1+H.+.*+ _#=
.
../*+.*.N+.0+.+.
F0 H0. + + /.= .0M. /0 0./ + N
.0+. .3+. . O +. 3. /+. /= +.
>
+ 3J3"X..Y=
157
0N.
S.J0.3+.3+.F0+.F0JU3/3+33+/
+../NNS+=..F030..0N++.
3+./.U3/.NN+++..30+.++/O.0N.
0N++./H+.3+F0H0..0/3+.+./..=F0
O/M.H+..+.+=.+.../M.3.+J.3.+
3++//01..*=. +0.+.+3-.0.1.
.F0+/-++N"+.H+0+.HJ+0.
+/=+....*M.+/.1O++3++0+0
.3+/.+3F0H0.1.+3 # & 0
/1 .3.0/O1."+ /
/3+- 3 0 O / +*. +. 23= >I4 1- +. -3.
/0..3J.+.S&3/0N0R.3.NJ+
.0++F0.0.+1F0R+NJ1.0.+..+.F0
*++.N.F0.0.?1+1J3+.+F0+.?++3=
J0/..1...=+/+3/

+*0.1. "
3F0./.+ " " 1
0+-/+=..101 +.S+/./3...J
. F0++. .. F0 . .03J NJ E + 3 3 +. /O. /M.
.0...F01J.30R.=.0/3+*0/.3./
+N0*33++.+.0M....../O.+. >CF0.+J
?..+*S3F0?3..N/..N01."1
+31#$ 1 "/X.+33N.+HY= *0J.+
1 F0 . /3J + 33 0 .1 .+ / F0++. XO0J.
YF0.0F0/J.0N/3=.30R.1
N.H0.....1. ) 0++..
>C
+ 3J3"X+.Y=
158
S/3+.F0J+.3+0.=..J.R/+
+.1..3.3...1.F0.*J+./M...
.+3.+*0++.30+./.+/3=/.
.F03..03*+O/M.++*+./.
0*0.+...+/.= 0./O...*0J/M.3.0-
*3F03.0+-30=,30/*. /.0+J0
**+E03H0. /O.F0NNJ+/..010+*3
/= ++.F003J/0N.3//..J0+.
F0N..1.+./..030.+./=+N++
-S "/X0.3*/+*+.?.+
+++..0.. +/Y=0+-0./+=
/./.0J+/F0++# ! "F0+..///3+.
3F0.0.0../3+-/+.S+/J033
++1=
0*N..0/+.1...1.+NJ01.+
/.F0+N.+"+.+.1H.+...
+. + +++H/+".30R.+.+/+/3J
*0+N/O+&+/3=#J.+.3..X.*0./..Y
S"S +.F0..1JH0.3.+./..=.3+
3 N . /0 1. 0. +. 3+. 3.+J 3F0 N++/.
/ /0 S/ ++. 0F0 . . HM+ .*0+.= + /M.
/S+.*0.0+.+.+ 03.+NNF0./+
+ ".3H0.R=./0..0./.**.F0H0
3./3 =
C= + ##
=L S 0./S+1= 1-+J.
/-+" + 30 / /0. /3= -+M.+
159
N0R.3.0*0.0+/.0333U+..+1.
+/.H+.1.*0+HJ0F0F0++0./M.F0
.3F0+/-+*0+/M..+0+= 1../*
3JN++1H+/-+11.O.3.33.
+*0.+.0+.SE.=
+ / +. 3..= +. /3. / . +.
/./+.**.+.0/+ !"
" +J "

& .
++/OS"#
#2+**4= +-.+.3+.+/.UJ
+..+1.*0+..3+/..3H0/.U?J.1..30
+/01.N0R.3.UM.+./.+.= +.0+..
/++ 0X+H.YXM+Y.$
$
#

#
#
&+M./+/.+*3N ./-++++
1+*0*++. .+M= 1.3..3HJO0+1
*0+J+3N0.3+3..U+*/
+.*.-.F033/.N+R=+.0./3.NN++0
.. N/.J./. 3N. .0 3 /= N0R.3 J .0 3
" + 0+ . ++ + +JF0 + 3N 0 0N ! F0
J/+03+.3.F0N0./.=.0/F0+M
. 0M. 1. NJ 1. + 0N 3 1- F0 ..
N0++.01/=$..J+.+0+*0.1J3
. 1. + ! 0. +. J+ / F0+ 0.+0.NJ +
+ =0N.+.1.F0*-H1/U3+./M.3.
+0+ +%++M.++F0.+.1.
/3+.+3+F0++=+.1.**..3HJ+
..>B+N+..=0./R/-++1. +.3.
>B
+ 3J3"X.Y=
160
..3H0/.=
>= 7

=L./..0/3*0./0N/.
F0 +. **. +. 3+. +0+. F0 + . 33= . NJ
++**F0.03.0 /3?.033++=
:/M..N../O+./.=H/..+.*/.N..
+. /. ." NJ / F0... *.. 3M.
...+/3?+*S-3.?01H*+.+
*J++0.0.S+/.1..=+F0*0./0N+.O0*.
-= . H0. +. E3. ++. >B> /0. 0M H1 .
3M0MS+++3E*0+=
..+..."+.+3/
S/+.0..0.0.F0J/.0.0...
.S/..0N...=:0*.1...."+.
/..+O++.
" )

*+F0N+S/
/M.+=.+.*0+.
H0+33./3+.0++./+..
O0*++.+/.//F0O0*S+.?.NU3+0*.N
/+. 1.. . +. 0. / .= /3 01 . .0 H/
3/13+F0+..E/.F0. +0.F0+
.O.30...=./+.S/.>B@T=O0*
+.
0.0=+30/M.+++/H F0+F0.+.S/.
F0.+J..U+/M.O++/X+3Y
F0+F0.+J+.
0 0.= . 1. 0. +.
/ . H0 S * F0+ F0
N./S/30.= /M.+.30..F03F0*
N0F00./0H03.+O0*=
.+./3./M.*0.H00.//3+0H+0.+.F0.
0F03F0. +..1JR++//H+.H+...+
>B>
+ 3J3"X++.Y=
161
N*= .30R. ++* 3. * /3? +. /. *R
/S. = H/ . /3 +. *0.. H0R. ? ..
1...+/F0.3//.0H./M*.+..=$N0
1-+./3.+/3F0H030/03+*+.=
'
#
%
>= +
)"

&9$O/.F0+H/++1+1+.
/=.30+/./.0J.+.30+.+=

H/+..++1...1.H/00+.F0N.
+*.+...=J.F00.0.+./M.
30+3.3+-.3 F0/./F01+.+.
+.*=++OH0++ /./01.S3N+
30.F0H001-033+3+H/+F0+ NJ.0*=
./0/3N++/.F0.0/+N.*
/3 .J + 3 +. 3. F0 +. -. +. 1.
*03.H/+.=$ ..3-*0+.J+.+*
./++.OH..F0++.N*.=+.00++
/.0/3.++ NJ3H0-H+O+.+-.F00J+
NO+3+//*03H/+.+F0NJ-R+=.
F0 /M. F0 N0++. .+. F0++ 0 .N 3 F0
. 0/301.+.= 0 / + H0 3 /0N /3 +
.0 + .= + 3 +*+ + 3
? + .0
0+.030./-+H/+=;+.+3JN+3++UR++
>B
+ 3J3"X3..Y=
162
. +. .. /R..U R+ +. O. + + + S 3. +
33H/+=$F0+/+..+3MF0N/.NF0
+.*0J0+F0.+/3+J/..03=.3.
.+*+/X+/Y
" .0.3..+.N.F0.03
NJ . ++ F0 11J +NO.0 . . ./. +
0F0.F0+N0.+*++3.3.
"
"
"

& + J NO. 30.. +. 3. + 3 F0 /3+/
. .0+*+.
+.+E3+.+/0= +J
N*+.?.F0JR+.H/.N0..F03 0?+1
./M.- F0+N0JH.=..0/N/[]+.
?.3N..+.N/.F0/.F03+/S.
./30/+.30+.+S/?.N/.F0+1.
/ .0J F0 .+/ / + S/ +. /0O.= M +
3 E?F0+.*/.H0O++3+J/+S/
NO.= 3+30*.3=M.F00.+*0H0+..-
N/. + F0 0. + J + /3 O F0++. /./. 0. F0 .
*0++...0*/0N0/H/+.=+*0.+ *+//
N- F0 H0 + 3 . 3 1 /0 . .0. NO. J.
3...03.0 +0O0..0*/=H/
+++++
.. +3+/0+33..3
.F0+3R+0J3F0+3/3.+NO"
/ 11J + NO + 3 .0 3 . F0 + H0. .F0
3/33.0+*.N.3F0+H/++F0
.F0+3/-++= +.0..3S+.03J
/ + 3+0*0.= . + . / + .03/ 0 3++ +.
N.+0+3=
R./0.+/.=/3.
163
+.*0&0S%0.01OH0*+H01.1
/O.0NOF00+. .0+.+?=+NO.+ +
3R+/.0/0..0.+.=$NJ3..0
++3++.+.+/1.0NO+0+
O1 .0+ + R*/ F0 . 3.= + 3 . .+ .0
++E+/ "X$. +F0J1NO/J../.F0.0
.0+/Y=
= +"#=L./././.+./..?+/3F0
F0+30+J+H/++.=0**++10/.0
33 F0 *+/ + .0 0+ 1. + .0 3 F0 .
.. +* / + +*/. .. . /M. - F0 + . /
0H 3X.MY3HJ+./.+*.=+.*.
3S+.+..0.H+..+J?.+/+3+.3/.
/3. + + H/+ F0 + **3J" .J / + 1+ +.
H+/// 2NO4+J.= F0J3/.F0+3
+J..NJ++//R/ +J..00+=.30R..N-
.0/0+/H/+3+0*R++"
F0 . 11J= .J + / .. . + ++/ +. 0/. 3S+.
/ ..2NO4/ ..+=/NJ.0/./0H.=
++J+/+H/++"+/3E+=.H0./3+.
1.H/+./.0O1⎯
+1-/./.F0+*
S/..03J/F0.*HXNO⎯Y/./.*+..
.3?+.R=.+.//.*03H/+.++1./=
/0O.+0..0/ H/=+1M+/R+.+.+.
+.=0J/M.0 S" F0.033F01J.
/0./3+=... +/3+0.N0
164
++.0..E+0.1//.H/+.=1.HM++
.*H +. S"
0F0+F0300..HJ+N
.+/+?= .0/M.+./3./..*
0H/+/+0..033S"+"O0+3/.0
3.J"X<=%0.=H=YF0J"X<00.%0.H+0.Y<0%
NO=/+.*03.H/+.JM3/..0JH/+.
1.0.. +.J3+../0.F0/.3..H/+.
01.1.*0.3/3++.?.+/33+*03=
..3++. " /0/0/.3.=$+./.3
N./.H..?+0N/3+*030+.03.
F0 30 .+ N +. .0. *+= 1. + 3 0 *+
0/3+/ / +. F 2N/.4 = 21+4 F0 ++1
.31/.+.H/+.+.+0.=.1.+."
+3 /+30.3+++02304U<0+
J%+2O.+*.+*.4U0+1+++/.2*04U
0+ + H/. + 1J .0 S+/ / /M. F0 0
3..0NJ+.010*+/?0*-F0
N.+3/0+1.+*0/=..0.F0 U+10.$U
U ,0 8
U R. .*H 3+/ &
3/../.+*S//0H/+F00+0*.NJ
N.0.../M.30*F0F0++F00.N+..0.+.
F0 . ++/ &0. N ,+ = $ H0 +0* 0..
0/.H/+.3./3/F0.0*.1.+/3+0+
+..30R.+/33=+/H+ .J0.0++0.
=H===23.".4= >BB/.3. /.H/
>BB
+ 3J3"XY=
165
+.0/+NO/+3/.03"N+M3.H0.F0
/0. O/3+. F0 . .0/ NJ . H+/ .1 0
*.+1.+O/.F0F0+F0.++J3J
0/0H/+F0NJ.3F0+/3.0-+*+=
F0+.//.+H/+.++/.J3.0.3/./.++//.
..0....30../.3+=$././NJ.J+.
/*.J/.F0++.F0J/3?3+.=
.M.+3++
+ + 0+ . + . ?J + 3/ . F0 /.
//1N/=$ +/331F00/H /0+=
0.0.H0/3+./3.+.*0.*+.3+0.+.
/.SN0..F0.0. +3//+//
.0 +./3.F0+3++1.0.+0*+
3/0+/R./+. =H0. ++* .+
/3+F01/.3H0N//3+./0*
.3? /. /. .0/ . + / 1
=
+F03..3+ .F0/.F00**
3./M.F03.0/3310++/++/0
/F0.*3.J/./+H/+F03J=
$ . S /M. +. /. +. /0O.= +. 3/. /3.
J.+.. +//0O.3.+H/++%+#+
+/+=$../0O.3J+/./.0%.+..*0J
++/M+.X+2/0O4/Y"
X+/Y"
%= ++.
/3. + /3 +- +. /0O. / + .3 3/
./R01.03++.1.=
B=
"
&9.+.33+.+..///"0+/0O
166
3./3+/+3" .03+.0.3.U+.F0
F0 O + 3 .0 3= 3/ +. 3 +. 3/. /3.
3H+U3 +0*.+.0.=
//.+.3/3J
N../.=+3/+H/+*.+)
U3+0+.
F0J+3.+JHME/+ :12o%+/+.o3=B4
/M. + 0 - 0. /. F0 N. .*." +
/.3J.+//03.+H.*2)(.3./++3
+*4+0+3+1+1=J/M.+//3 +
0++.3.3.+3+*++.3.3+/NNN11R+
/.3..00?.NO..3/3.0.3
. J. .*0.= $ + / // + "
// 3
/3+0++31JH/+/.0NO+1+/.//3F0
3..*.++NOF0.JF0++1=..H/.+
/M../3+F0.0. +0*F01.+/M./S3N.H
.+.O.++"+.+./.03+..+././..
.. H/.= #J 3/+. .3.. 0/3+. 0. NJ /+.
3+. VW .30R.+.0+./.+/.NN..
HJ+1+10++/*JF0.JH++3+F0
/3?=/R.0/F0+1N..0.3.+*S
3./M.1+./03.0H+0+++/ U .3..
3J.++*1H.+//=+/?+J.F0
+ .+ .+. / +. 0.3. +. +.
23= B4= #.J
.+10S+++10+-0.3+1+
O )"" "4 3J++++..*0O.+300+-.+
+0*.=0.+.N0R.3.0.+.+3+
1+.0.3.+.+.3+.+//+30.
167
3.+..*.=#++*0O0.+/.*SH0+.1.
3.3+."./.3.0.M.+)
U.+*0++.
+..3+.0.M.+.H /0+.+ "
= 0*N.+.3+.
.*. + /0O . /* + H/+ F0 ..J + 1 + /
#3J.0./..+.N/.>B@/.1.+.0J++
+.H++J.H.+.*0.../.=HJ..J01
001OU/.F0+ .3J+0.0+3+*+1+1
>BI10+.++/.+/= +.H.+0+.N0R.3.
+. R .. 30 + 1- + 3+ )

/3- + H.
03+=#+N./0+M.F03H0-+1+.-..0
/++1M+3. *O+.+1= J+3. +.
3.N..H+0U0J.+.RF0+.F0+F0JU.
+ / +. *. 2
+ 1- + / 0 *0 . +
// . 3 .U + 1 N30?. 0. +.
N0+..?+F03R+NJ+.J.H+.=0+3.
NJ++*+.+10+1+.3+.+30+.1+1J
++U+1M++3.3+0/+3F03-...0.3.
O+*0F0H0./+*P.0.3.+J+
"+.F0
1.0N/3X.0*0.0H0*Y/+/.01F0.
F0+ 30 NJ ++1 3O= +M. + J .*0 0 .*0 H.
03+
+.+/+0+NJ+01.3..0.3/.H.
+.1.+N*F01J.//=$F0.0"
/.+.N.N.F0+*0-J+./..0.
/.=
@= F

" *=L. /0O. .. 11J / / /0
>B@
+ 3J3"XN/.Y=
>BI
+ 3J3"XY=
168
.F0+. .+. ..O . &=.+.+0.+
3/ +. /0O. + . +. .. /. E.J 3/
./O=/+./0O...+.1..?.+N*=+
OJ.0.NO..0.++.
S 3NJ+..1+./+
/+ * = ;+. 3/ .+ N 1.. +. N.
/3?.0..3..+..+.O0*.".+.J3.+.++.
.J3/>BT+/0+F0...0+0/0O=.1/./0
H1./ .. +. .0. + .0. /. 0.
.30./.0.O=//.N.30R.30+.
/.F0+1. 0.0++./.0.N++M.+/O/+
30 30- + +*0O= +R. +. .. +. S+/.
/3..+-+.*1.++1+./0O.+3/R3
/U 1 F0 +. J. + /3 . + 3J N++. 3 . +. N*.
/3..=+./0O.+/./F0+.N/./.3/M..3
1 F0H=/1/.1N*./+.
.3.. +. 0. .U /. 3 H. . +. 0.
H0/+.M.3.=.0H /M.F0+./0O.+
*++10/F01.+M3F0/**.3J
+3S++3R.0*0H=+1.+=.1.
HM+..0///0.U+.++-+.3/./3.. .
3*+./+0O= S.3/0N/..R.F0.3+
N. F0++. /3. 31. + /3 + H+ +. /0O.
/.=.0O03/.0F0.0.1.3./.NJ
. /0 * O-= - .H0-. 3 H/ F0+ . .. +
/3 0*0.=1F0.0O/3+++.3..0
>BT
+ 3J3"X/Y=
169
.NN33+..=$+...H0/+33.3
0.*+.30R..0/0=
I= +
,=L +.?...+33/+.+033
+3=#/.F0.3JN+F0+3+0*0..0.NO.R.=
/0+.+./H0/3+F0*0E30../0
NO+3/NOF0+./.F0H0H/.F0J.=.
*/.01F0N0F0+.?.E30..//0*
H0=.0..0./0/0.= /J
*.3*.F0+.*0O0.J3/331+./M.
/.+1.=1./*.+.F0+.*J+.0+.+.H/
M//..0F0NS+3E++.
+/. /3.1. .0. .10. 0/0+ . /= + 3 .
J*0?0++//./+.3/.J./+
.0. 3N. 0 R+= M. . N /0. +. -.

=./R*+/+3/0 +NO+0+H0+
33 ./3+ 3F0 ..J /M. N0+ 0. .0/. F0
./+/.=J./0N./.?+.?./.03J.
1.0.+....++.N.3+.NN.0+
N/O+...+ +N*..+....
/0/0 R3+=0+?//-+30R++
J.0++/3F0+3.++++1+/3.*O+.
F0N.++-+%.0.*.+.?/++
0.+./.+*0=0R.F0N00/3F0.3/JF0+.?.
/3?..0.3.+../+.+ U3 .0...0/
3F0+././H*/.0.NO.3+*+.F0+..+
F0NJ..0+...=030..+.O.+
170
?/+.+?**=OM.+.**.3.003H0-
N/.0NJ.F0././0+1.U/.F0
+.O0*.O.+./.E+0.1//.N+.NO.
/*0.NM+.H0.=N.0.0.++**J
+03.+1*3-+.++.3+F0*J.00 /M.F0
N.M*+..+.N....H.=/R+330.
F0+3.?.+NOF0++...F0NJ.+/M...+1=
0E ..?-03+0.00/R+*
+.+..+3J.=.F0N0.0+././0
/R33F0+/.F0#*0+%+?@I.."
0+.H.+..0+..0.0/./3.
+O.F0++.?.3/1.=F0F0++..0+..0O0.+.
?.+.?.U/..?+../03/M.+F0N/.N
.F0?.3*+03N.3+..+.+.
*0.+.+3J.=...+...+/.00*R
1.+.*+..0E+/0.F0+0- 2
1 X

"!F00+*13
.1++1J..J.++X++J.0.+.0
Y=F0++.+.+.H..+.?.+.N0R.3.=.
//0N.. .. N0/. /0*.0 .30R. +3/
&0S11/M.J/+.**.+./.=0NNJ
31..+.**.+,O+ +3+0*1
**. .+. / N++ /0N H1 +. *. 33+.
.3+/.3 .0./*.=/- ..0.++0+.
.0+.=+1-+/M.*0+.0++H000 +N

/NN+*0/.031 +1
171
3+F0++1+ " .=.1. .M.30+3
+++OF0.+N-F0H0+/-1++..0.+30
1+.J./.+3.J**=+/./R33.30R.++11
+. /M. *0. +. 3. /. 1 +0 0. . .1
/RE+..0+.=$3./S+.0+**U.
/3/0.+1.**.3F0.1..+.?.=&*
/R*+/++/.0/**S +.+1*
1*++.?.0+.0+1J++0+..0.N.
O0* .?+. /. 0+. 3+. /+. /3?J.= .? F0+
.+1+.?./M...F0...+F0.0+*0130.3
++.1.".J+# "

S "
4.J.1
+F0.00.+3+S 2&+=@40.+*
+. . 0 /+/= 3 OJ . .+1 *
H+0+M+.?.3+F0+.3.++*J*0
./3++F0+.3J/M.*.0.10/=J.F0H00
*/M ** ++/ . + F0 ++M . ?. . :== +
3/.0+/..0 H/+/++0**=J/
/1+ +R*/U3./.F0 03
3 . + 0 /- +. X*/MY / J
.F0+F0++//.N0..+*0./.+.
+0=R.330+.H00J./.+.+...=.
./3NJN/0N./..**...30+.U/./.
NJ.N..**U+.H0.N..+./.+0F0
3J..3F001./++*0**30F0
..H/+/0NS//.0F0++.+./M.O=
T= + E"=⎯ /0N /3 .01 0 + .?- +.
172
.0+../.+/+.+./+.O0+
.0++0=11S.?.+..0+.+?-
/M.?..30R.+/0+S+/++.0++*0
F0N+ 3J+./././000= S1
0.M. .0. .0.. / + E +. .0+.U 3 N
/0#*+H0.0..3O.+0+.H/+.
+..0+.=.H0. ++.+3+..? +0**U
30.F0 1/. F0 + 3 F0 . .H- */ *. 0.
.+0 F0+.0NOS+. #0.F00/3
3.0/3+ ?.+++1 /F0.0.=1M.+.?.
+.0+0.?.= +3J.0.3./3?.
0..+1.
F0+.++1.0.+..0.+++..U3+/M.
H0 F0 +. ++1. +. ?. /./. / . F0 H0.
/3?.0.+.+1F0.++/
1 &+*++.0+0
0+3.O+++/.0.SN+=.?M.+
+.3+.?..30R.+/./3/+.
+.+0*+..J+.+0*+3+U+F0HJ+/.
+*0.3F0+.3+.+..30E//..J=+.
*.N++.+.3./3/0.F00/3+/
/S+*HJ=.+.H0+.3/./3.....3+
R3+./3./3++.+.+.*S/.+1.
/0..F03F0++*.+.+.+.//+.
F0 /M. O 3 30 1. ..= 3 . 0.
3/+./0NN.0.+++.0.+F00O+.+.
0.0/ 30*0 F0 ++/ ! / /3-3 3 3 / +.
-.3+/.F0*01..0./."+0*/+.+.
173
3.J/./.=0.0+..J.33+ NN
+3+++/! !0.3++3+0/.NN.?.=+33+F0
..1J+..0+./S/+F0NJ.130+30.
3 +. F0 NJ N++ /3.= 0M. F0 +. 3+. F0 +.
.J30+.NJ3H0.1..31.F0.+*0.?-S+
/.NN+.0..00...0+.=F0+./.
.//M.+3-+.F0++/3-++"/3
++* 0..0.3F0*HJ=/R/03+30+0+
NJ/...3+./RF0.?+././M.M3..+1
3+/.0....0.H.=
D= '
=⎯. 1++. . ./3 + + +. /.. +. .0+.
/.+.3/./3.=.0+0F0..F010.J30+0
.++.0+0.3*-0+X+./+3.0Y=$
+.F00+./.O.+1+0J.+
+*++.++0+.-.+/.+.?.+.
.0+.=<0++/M.H/./..0/3F0H+ +.?.D
C..3. 1*./.1+.0/-U3
0300+F03+/./3J/0.F0F0++/./
R30./+.SN..0+.M.+3*+
++*N/0.J30++..3+.+++J-.=
=H
=LJ.+?=0/+.J.
+. 0+.R3*+.*O.+.0+.N.+..+1.3/
/3=+/-+P
1
H.1F00+J
>C+I=.M..H./+R/+0..+".0
+.?.3*+.0+.+0.0.0.0+.0+.01.F0
J03.
$+/.3F0H..H3++.+
174
.+.*..0H1=+..0+./33*M.+.0./.0+/U
+.0/..+1F0.*J+.N+.+1.+.1.
/RR31.=./.F0N..+.0//"3
/.+/./F0N/0/0.+0*..3/
.3+F0+.NO.+./M..0.+/.H0.0./3
.0.3..0.../3.0.$
+./M*.+/=J+F0
NJ3..NJ3F0.+0=
C=F

" =L./.F0+./F0.J
+/..0+3J.0.33.//..0//
+.3F0.3..030 =++/.1...N/.F0+0*
0.1H03.+./M./...??.=*
./*3*+*..F0/J/M.3.00H=/R
H0F0N/./M./RH0/3../03+*0-=.

/J/...3H..0.+*.
+30+..+F030.0N0/+.3.O.+.*.
33.**.+.NJ../33..3+.F0.0
/+?+.+N/+.3*0F0RH0+-
F0..F0R +0 F0/+0M.?.++* ..
0M.M.1+. +..0..=$0.J*
/.0?F0+F0*N*+0Of0.+++.=
/.0/..+./..F01J&//0/+
/3++.3F030+-*.3.3+.?-.0.
+.=.0J.J+. .H/..F01/.N+N=
>=3 E
=LH0+N+NJ../3/03
/0+.+.+U/.NJ0/0N+./.
.0/++ =.0 ..3/ +/M.
175
/O .11H++./M.+0.../..&=
0 +. /.. **. H0 / N++M. . /0
?./=#.F0H00/3F0+./.+S
/+./3+.+*+F0NJ*.3..3+J.1.+/+
*+.31.3+.+./.21R.=
A

E"3=
>4=S..30.*F0/03. .30R.N.0
0.+.0++00/.30+..0
+*0F0++.3H..**.=J/R3H..+. /.
. +. J /0N 3= OM. +. +0/. F0++. .0+. N
.0..300+.3.F0J+.030...?+3
10M 3J.0*0/.30.*++.
/F00../M..*0H+*0+*0O/R+
/ 33 +. H*0. + .0.U /O + 1- .- *
/.0.*../.= .0/* 0#N N
. 3 H/. + 3M /0N. +. *+. F0 .. .0+. .
.?"30F0F0++.?-3M0 /0NH/
+-.F00+.S+/./3.+3S+= /./
.03*+*= .+.O 1.333
F0++..0+. 0NJ.1..+*1+U
3/3+./3..N-/SF0+ ..?.+..0+.
. +. O 1. .J30+. 0J +. J. + /. .0. +.
E1*.1.=
>>=3

$

=L/.+.0.+.&
.3+/ . / .0 0 +. /. .. +.
30+.= .3M.++/++
1.+/3/=0
+O..+.J.N/...0+.0*+S++/.0
176
N*/SF0+.../...+./.1+-.+
= ++J /0N0/ +. O 1. /. J E3+ .0. 33+.
/.+.0*.../.%+.HJF0JF0+/3=.
1F0.F0#*+.0 %+.HJ0/.**/U.0
+./M.+...0./3../.F0++F0.0+*O
F01+1J+.N0..30.+..0+. +./M...0..+
%+.HJ=H00. ./U .H0 .0
NO.0..0/0.J/3N3N+1O=
>= +$=L //..+./M..*0.F0
/.+*S/H0+.+10.+./3.3/1.. +
F0+..+1..0/..=*.+0.+1.
*F0/3+.NJ0+0/./0E+3.0.NO.
0+1+3F0?NF011J=++F0F01..+.
+*.+3S+0/+.3..F0++.NJ+S/
+..+1.+.0.=$+0*H/JF0-+0
/0.+1..30+.EO./3.3..+.
31..+/330.0+F01.+..1.*S/+.
*. /M. 3. + .0 +0O 30+= .J *0+/ ++* N
/. S/ ++.= . 1 3 + E F0++. *0+.
3/1.0.N.H0..3+.*.N.
)
+.
+.=
A

E"3=4U3F0J.J0/
+E1*.3++0=#/.F0/3+/3NJ3.
/3F001.+*S.+1.0"N+.J/.//
F011E//.0. +3+.1+/.J.0.
.++.=$..F0.EF00+3..-1
/+.1./M.1.=
177
>B= +$"
=L 0 ....+1.++/ )"

3+F0HJ+/+F0++.*H/...F0+/.
R.0)"

F0.-/++/.=1J.*+/.3."
2>4 )"

# 24 )"

8
& )"

# 11J+.0+
0?+0J.F0++..+1.F0/J.0++.?3.
+0O= +. S+/. /3. + 3S+ +. + /3 +. .+1.
.0//0/.../3?+./M.1.H.=
3 ++.0
+.3..+./0+.U++.1+/.U+.O.
H.+0?+0?=+H..+.0.?
1-F03J.3S+++1.0++3.3+.++..N.+
+/.0..+.N.0..=.+.
.. 3.. N++M. .+1. * S/ 1. F0 NJ
0 /0.+F0.F0J3+.H./R..3..+
.RF0 .1. +.++. F0. + %= 3F0? 3 +.
*.+0?/O3.0..1.U3F0?+.0/1..F0
+0?+.J=F0.+..0J3..3..33..
3+.3+.3.3./S...*R.
30H.=&3+0.H+/./..+1.+0+
NJ*/++.0.3.3F0+.F03...F03*
.01N./= +*0.1.3.030../3?0.+1.H."
J.8+/* F00.0.+.
1
/R
333+.++1-=.0/0N....=+/S
.+1J.0H33/+N++..J*.U
/F0..H0-3/./*+S/++.F0NJ0.0+/+.
*.3+./.=
>@= 3$"=LH/+S.//M.331N
178
F03. =./.*0+.+*.E3.J+/
.+/31N++.0..1.=M...+33+
0+1+*U3+0*F0+.F0J./..3++1 +8HH0
?.+/31./O//0N.30.03N
.0..H0-.+-*.=+0/+S/.1.+
E. +.H.0 /R.U3F0+.O.+-E*
//.J1*+/M.+.F0+*0/. >BD?.F030
3+.+..0+./.+1..=F0JF00F0H+-.
3.*H0..1-/+S/+..1.+/3/3+.
/ . 3F0. 3..= + +1 + 1 3 /0 1+. +
*0+0 + . 0+ F0 0 0 3 + /. +.
.+1.=...*0F0++/.N++.0/M./S/3++.
/3..+.F0OO+= +J.F0+30+..N.+.
+1.1?..1.3..+/3+..N.
1*+..0.33..1.O.=+/M. $

+.1F0
J .0 * + N 0. + 0? *J . +. O.U 3
/0/.0J+.*.H.+$

.+. .0*+
&.030.F0/M.0+H+..1.+/3F0++.
+0"3+F0...*30.+1+1++.
+0O+./3.+/.//F0+...+ 0+
/ +. .+1. /R.. F0 3J + H1 .0 0?

1.O+.3+J.+* =
>I= 7" $=L>B F0+./.3.0.
.+1.F0+.**.U.1F0+.**..+J/..0+...
0+.0/OF0E*J.0..1.++.++1
>BD
+ 3J3"X/.Y=
>B
+ 3J3"XY=
179
+.J0+./S3.F0NN/N/=.0..0.
.1./M.. F0F0++F0.0.++.+/.+.
3F0..=+/30+-0/3++U0.N
.J33+H*+0/3+/.0U3. 03
NM.+.0..+1.=NJ+++**F0/..0..1.+..
0+= + 0? / 3J N .0. .+1. + F0 + 3+0*0. /
0+F0O.03= >BC.1F0.*.0.F0.30.
+J/+0+0?=J/3 0*0.0/30+++/
#+ F0 *0. /0N +/3. .0. .F0. 1- F0 .
+- 0 .+1 NJ F0 + N. + .F0 3 F0 .1.
+/.0.+/3.=
1-F0+/3/J+0F0++..1.
H0./3 03.++30 +F0+3.
H0.N.0.3./J0.=1+3 0*0.F0+3.=
.+/3.*0./.HM++0++
F0./3.+30.+.3.+.F0.++..0...
+..F0.+.3.=30. /.+...
0./...*.+*/.3F0F0.+-
F0.+.+3.+/3=+.3/..++./3.
+3S++*S./J.+.0+.+130.F0.+/
/0//+H/+/JJ.0.0?.0F0./.
3J .0 .? + + = . NJ /. 0+ M NJ /M.
+/0-=+R3+./3.+/M..01.?-+H+.HJ
**NJO/H+0O+++./= /+3H+
0./3/1 =
A

E" 3=D@4J3/ME/F00
.+1NJ../3O0/= 0+.H.. )
S N++
>BC
+ 3J3"X3Y=
180
+.O.F0N.0..+1.= +*0++.JH/
.?+F0NJ//.= .O0NF0101-+
*+.1O.H/.+..3..+..+1..H/.
...S+.=+0+H+ .H**F0. +1 ..
0?..30R.+/0+.1/."
.3/J.?+ E.1/M.3+N/+
F0 30 0. + O .0. .1. / + +. 0. N+.
1+..03.F0NN/M.N/
N/F0F0..+*S31NR+=0/J1J
30+3.0/00/.303-/
03+NJ/J0/UF0./N+.0
333J.+.+++0*N11/3F0+/
1F0.M.0//M.0N.S++F0+/3
/+F0+1=
.3N...?-.+/../././3.+0
/M.0/..N+.+..0++..+1.= .J/O
.+.N/.+F0NJN/M.N+=F0+/3
N /S + F0 0 N/ J . /*. 0. .0. .+1.=
3/. /1++. . 0 ./. F0R / +. = /0N.
+0*.+3J.0.N+.O*..=N+.
*. . .0M. 3 +0/. . + 3 3F0?.
1.30..++0F03J+..+1.1H03++.=/
/./0.+3+30/03= >@+...*.
>@
+ 3J3"XHY=
181
NJ0.1

0HNF0.*0./3+.+
.0./3?..10/+/M.+*00.0.0+30
.*.*+3.=./+.../M.0.= F00/
.0../.0+.*10.0.0.3..+.F0.
3..N.3U0NH..30.F0*03
3..+1*=..0.3.*O.+.31+ $

3.033
31N=M+.01-.?.0/03-3./U
? 0 S= . 1 /M. F0++ /J F0 .*0J + N
/F0+E*+..+1.F0.+ $

.0.1..1O.+.
0+.NJ+N.-. &..*.0/..0+.=+.
0+3.+*.+.-+.1++.$
0N-1M.*.+/ "
&
M. +.. +. -. . 0 +M*
0 "
./O++M*00F00. /R=+H+*+ +.*
/M.+) ") "&J-3..*0/O0.
F0NJ//0N.0..3-.N0.1.*H.3
.*+..=./1++F0/0N..+1./0.O+.*+3..
.3..0/=$3F0./1.HO./.J+.-.
.+J.0.3+.+3...+.3.=/.*+)
3-/H/#F03J+0+++.+10.E/.+
/.-.=.1.+./0 +1+F0/O
33J+..1.U/..JM.++1+.+100-F0.
0+./M.+.././F030./*.= +...
/.+./0O.S/0N/M.0+..0..+1.F0+.0?.U+.
.*.33+/M.HS+H.=&3J+/.+..1.H0*.
+*0.1."0/= ++M/0N.3F0?.*0.+...
/3./0HJ+N00U0F0/3.3-+...
182
+/JH.1+1J..3.+..1.H0*1.+.../*..J
/3*0=.+/.F00+..3..3+
H+-8.0++.1/+.1.F0F0+.=Z
NJH0*.1./3/+/[ 3..H0*0.1
.++.+./0.+.0.1..3.+H0*13
+.++.+3*3S+H/3.+F0+N++*.=+
0=+0+=0+30+/+H0
N0%)

$ +1O3?..3.01
*.= SN/0++F0++1 30.+0++0H0*1
..3 "X%0"/"0/11./2/4/24)3.
.+0/Y>@>..0.03..H0.=
>T= +
# =L, .130.0M.+10.+1+ )"

8
&O0+J3+/M.0/+/M./.++O/
E30../3+.*+3.00?0+0///M.0+1J
0F0/R.+1=NJ3R+/M.3+11+F0+.3
.+1+..F0./++./0+0.0F0++.
+-/.F0.++/S/0.NJ+01/./*
.3+ +-/. F0 .H .* +. /. .1
/..=M.3+./OJ+..+1.+0= .0
0?.3/J.+.+1F0*0..0.33.N.
"F0
.++-..++..0+=/RH0F01
+/.+0?3/./++.0..+1.= NJ
.0.?+.3....NJ.+..1.0./.U0F0
./3../+.
#

3J++*03+/3+
.0+F030.F0.0++-.F0.+.= /M.+..+1.
>@>
+J"X%0*1"M3/"./10+1.//)M.0.+=]
183
/ ./3 - H / +. *. /R= /0
+*. 0. **. /0N. .. /M. 3. F0 .0. 0?.
/.= .J+.++*/.1+./3.+/3+1.*F0-
33+H1+./3.= +*0.++.H0*.+*
+.31..+/H+./M.01-1/.+0//./
+0.+/330.O+3+/0.0.+.=3
.030.+*/J+.+.0../3+.3.3.
.0.3/1.0?.3..0/3.0./.0.
/+. 11 .0 *. + * F0 .0J + . *0/
0.*..F0++/0N0/*0++3-.1*0
F030+0++.++./=N3+*//+ /M.*30
3J.F0+.+10U3/+F0NJ/./+.N++E.
3S//-.F0+F03/.E3+F0J1..3.+
.+10+0+.=
>D=
$
=L
/+/3+3S+.1.J.
/+.+=.N+..3F0++J1.
3.+N+O31..0../R..=$NJ0.+.
F00.1..N+/+.**.+:=/0..+
/M.F030.+-++.. #
0.HO.F0.1+1J+.
.33?0+.+.++=J+1-++* /M.H/F0+
/0.+.+ # F0.+J/3+.S+/./3.
./.*+0O=10..+./S/N.+.J.+.
S+/./3.=.+R3+3S+J..+F0
0.. 3 +. /0O.= $ /3. .. / +. . +. F0 /0
..1.?...J.+.*0..1.N+
.+.H+./0+*..MH.1..++/.
184
'S $ & M. 0. +. /. . +. *R.U 1 N.
/0. +. /. ++. H. +. N+= N. + R3 +.
/3.N/./*../3+./.N/./0O.1..
*R.+=
>= H
"#=L+ 1.330/+ & .0
*-3?/F03.+*-NU3+F0F0
0/+/**=F0+..F0./3+0
H/01+=0NJ0.++3+*3+3+*.+.
3 3./ 3 + / 3 F0 0 +- F0. /M. NF0 + =
NM.3.+N/>@ -F00+.30./F0..
+.0+3+UJM.3O+N/NF0F0
.0 + 3 /M. +* F0 . N /R 3 . + N/ -F0
NR+033+*0.+3NO+*.+.3++30
.3+1.=.3+*0.+*.30../0*0
/ F0 0. / H0 3.+ + + N F0 +*.
*./3++03=S+/3F0.H0+E/F0
NJF0+*+33O+.3+*0.+*J++.U/
3F0F0..0O./01..033.+O=0.+.
/.+3/R3/M.1..F0+ .+ #
"/.F0+
0.+/./+./0O.F0+.N/.J/N=$0/3.
3..1.J./+../3+.+./.+.*0.
.0/./ +:1=..N-+/S++1O+*0.3
/.F0++/
&S.NN.3-...3+.+.=
J /*. +. J .0// .U ++1 0 S /*. F0
0. + - N. + /0? /3 / .?+
>@
+ 3J3"XN/Y=
185
H//0F0.30R.1..+/.++1+= +J/R
0.O+S3-O0./*.++/ # &$1.0./M.
0S=0 0*0.F03F0.0HJ/0N+HJ++1+1
0S.O+*/M.+ # &S/+*./3
3?++U3++.....*0J30HO3S30F0+
1.+3++O++.++...+.0.
.3...HO.=
*/R+1.++33+0=+%+.++.
+0+++1./3U.3N0.++..+1.+.EO.U+.
?./.F0N.F0.?.++10*
3S300NJ++*.++1.3.0.3./*.+%
NJ .0 3 H/+ 1.. + * + . *. /
0./.= .J#*+++/+./.X+..?.+/0+30+F0
0.+*Y=+*0 /3.1.0U3+F01F0
0.00.+.../=.+..3..*+/
+S/3HJNS/++1.+++S 0.33
./*.3+03O0.+03NN/S/03?
.0*0./+0=0 "++/0*/M..0++
/./+.F0O+.-./M.+."0.M+33+/+..+.+.
+.=
" O F0 ++1 +. *+. + /
" "&F0..+J*+.*..0+./M.H
"+F0?J1.030N +0+.N3
F0.+30.++1.+ /.3J.+.11.0.M+
../U3/3 /+1.++1.+.*.
0*0.3N E3./F0..+%++.=S.3J.0
H/+ "4 3.NN/+S 0.3"/3.
186
3.../*3F0.+N-H3S30=...1..
.+=+...F00.3-+*0.+SE3+.F0.
0O33+!
1. /+*.+.=.+3S30-0+
+.11++.+.0.0+.+!
&
>C=H
" *=⎯+1.33+//+ &.
0S+*F0++*N.+.3./*..?++++
/+H3010+

&,O+ .3J0S
# 3-O0. )
& +/2%*=T4.++ &
F0+.F00.+ ++1+3+*.+030//0
./O+F0J+.N/.++1+ &+.O 1.+.EO.F0
0. 3+*.00//0./O+
=++
3?+F00++*0.0.+./F0/0
3R+F0.+U.+N.J3/+03*R.+.+
N/ N / F0 + 3 + . +* 3 += <0
0++-F00-.3O+3?+0+*J
+0*O+-O+.+3++/+*=++
NF0.0O. +3.+N/3+?F0.3J
+0=+.O 1..0./M.F0+
F0+./.
++1./3/ROR+0S=
=> #%!%=L0.././
+./.=.0./0O.+.0.=0.1O./3+.N/.
+.+0./N.+.
40../O.++1+
+/./O0+1E.1/3JF030..+.+.
0.-= + 1
F0 0 * O0. H+ 3 N . 0.
.+/3+...+..+1.=:/M..+J.1++./0O.3F0.+
.R+0/.1 ++.0/=F0++.1+./..F0
187
0.S+F00+.=..0/.++.++
-.01J+1-F0+./..0H.+1./.0
N3- ./O+.*3.=
.-3.
3/3+1.HJ.*S+*+F0
+.0..=+" O+-3+. .0+.U++...0*
0 . 0 / +0 3+ + /3= + +.
0./0.0-3*.3+0.=.+..3..
+--3.//+.-0.F0++1+./3..%+.
N+.F00.+.+.N=..0/++1++0. .0
.1.*=+.0.-3...+.SF0..J
0.0+0.0O+330F03.+*0.+*0
.++++F0.+J++ +.0+=0+
/N.+..+...3O+.N0R.3..+.0.+.
.+-.21R.3=>B4=
>=N#* =L .0/0.+.N/.0++=%0.N+
333+0*+...+.++.1
.30R..++.
= 0 + /3 /S ++1 /0N. ++. . 3.
3.. ++. 1. /0 N/./= /3+ .. ++. / .++.U
/0N.N++*N....3*.3/0+3=%0+.
/./HJ./.+.J0+./++.
*R O.= ++. 3. -+. N. . .O. NJ
. .0F0-*..E../0+...0..3..=
+.3.3..+/.+/M../U3/R..
/..0/.3*./33+../+.=.NO.3.+.
++1+0++0+# H/- F0O
188
0.+/.//3F0+ . Y 0+1+=.
+. +/.//0+3+.+X/+OYUF0++.
F03J.0# 0.1-++000=
=+##!#=L/.F0+./.3/1..O
+..+++=.3 + HH0+3/F030.*+H.
/U..0/3N.++/3 .0/M.++1
++++.= O .03F0+0..
. F0 J + ." .0. .. .*0 .0 O/3+= J 0
E3../*..0/H../=.N/.
+.+..3.J/3F031...+..JU+.
3/.+R3 *0./M.L3+F0+.++/###
9
++1+..3.-.+0F0+H-+.U+.H+ .H.
1.+.3.++1+/.?+.03H. U+.N/.
. +. +.. . + O /. . 0+=
H+01O$ +..JF0
//N../3++0*./0H1.33+O
+/3=
B=+) =L./.+N+. F0
0 * 0 / / +. . .0. H0+.= NJ
EN++S+/++3/M.++.O.U.+.3..
.0J0+/++/M+3.0/"# & .0.+.0+
.++/00.0M1+.S+/..3.=./0?.
#

F0J.0H+/3+H +
#

J+330H0+
H+.3+0303R.3F0*0...F0
NJ++J/0+.*0.**=J+M1+
"
>@B
+ 3J3"X3EY=
189
+.3.N+301.*.+++HO3S30
+. /*.. *+ + * + H0= +* + J +. H0+. 0
3* S + 30+ 0 ++. .. 3+." X#F0J 0
0P

/0U.+*030/3?+p$&==0.NO00.q+
NN++*"N+.M..0.Y=.++.H0+./
../3+J.0+F0N.F0H0.1= J+
.RF0+..H+0/30+/...
/+J./..N+*++/0= *0J+./S..0./0O.
F0++/S)
F0.+F0+3F0H0.M.

+/ 3+3+H0=$S+/./3./3+..
..+/++30.3.O.+.3.L3/M.F0NF0
0./3./L0HJN-.= ..*0J.+
/00++3/M..3+3. =$.NNF0NJ
+.3.+
"+...0.N.F0.*0+./.++. >@@

"
.+.3..+H/+F0N0../3?+*S/3+
00+=$+.H0+..+F0+.F0.30..../.++.*.
3+/3/.3J1.S+.H.+.+./.F0.
F0...+.RF03+++././.1..F0
0F0++.3N/.NJ0.1/3?.0/1
+.=J/..+.+0..3..+..N0+1
.0.0/.3/3?N.+.0.0.=#J.30R..0HR+
/0 +. H. F0 N0. * +. ++. /M. 3JH.
.=.?.3./*.+.+...J+H0+1..
0+F0++. F0+.N/..0J+-01++S
F0 O 0.++. /0O.= .J + .RF0N. >@I + < "4 ++
>@@
+ 3J3"X/.++.Y=
>@I
+ 3J3"XN.Y=
190
M1H+0U.M../J0++R++..++.00+.+.
F03..0.3..U0NO+/00+.3./M.
. +. N-?. F0++. 0. .. . R+ + / F0 +
H0NJ0/3++..NO+.=%/M.+3. 01
.*0JH0+.30.+030+.+-.=M.++M+.
/0./+++0/+H/++-M.+3H0+=J+++
03 +. *0+. / 3. /0. ?=
..1.+.O.+N+3+3/M.+.
++/..J3++.++.+.+.+..+.0.+.
H+0.=$0F0+3*J+.-.+03+.3*
1=..3?.+.+0H0++.+0N
+.30+0=
..1.*030H+.+.+.
.3J+.+/ G
23R..4=0M.+S+/.3 $ +
.RF01+1J/3+/+0=J+330H.H0+
O0+0/U/.+0*.01.H.+.+H0.NJO0*.
.3+//.*+./N+//+/0= +J.F0
.+030S1-F0/+U3+/M.*0+.
+./.= +/03NF0F0+.H0+./0N/M.
.++."M+.30+00/3S++/.F0+3N >@T
*...NJN+./.=
'
#
# `,
>= +
>@T
+ 3J3"XNY=
191
$

=L/.3..+/.0.U+N/.1.
.0./..0?.0OUN/..+*.0.3.NO.
.+1.= *M/.+N.01+0"N*/.31++.0.
0.=./.+1F0+..0.3S+.3
3/0N/.3/+100++./+.O.
./F0++.N.00**/ .=*
/./3U.0+*+0N3.3+.+.3J03
/0+U/+.*.+.+./0.+0N*0+J3+*F0
+. /3 */ +. ./+. +. 0. +. +. +.
/*..3..+/M.*R.= +./.0
0/0N+.0. .J/./U.+10N+.+%
+*S.0/3E/...HJO+ *++.
*.+.N/../.21R.3=>4=$+.0+././.F0
3303 +.0. .>
QO
=CT4
F0JO0./+.F0.+./.++.=
30. + 1 + 0 /. / F0 &U +. *0. /3.
.3+/*S/+.0.11J.0.N.-1/++.
/1J+0.0+.++/++*./3.=.
33+....01/+.+ +./."

./+.+30+F0.+*J/*..+.J+3-
+*0=.../+.NJ.+.."0"

. +/.
+.3.U+.*0"

3J0.+.0.U3
++*+N+1.*+.+.../F0+./M...
J/M.3.+1 F0+./M.O 1.3.U++. "

# 1J.+.0.1*03.H/.0F0-
.H/+3 +/3F0N/J.0=F0+
192
33 . 3/J F0 1. 0 +. /. 3 0. F0+ F0
3..+*0.0U3.30R..3 .. =0+.+
N./+./.F0H0.0H.../+.=F0/M../3
.N.F0.+H+3S+.0J1/M.F03
+*/*..=.10+./.0+/SF0
30N00 *+*3+30+./.+
F0+30++O3..F0.0.0+1.0/=0+F0
0 + * / . EJ .+/ + + 0 /./ + 0
/.../++.++010+N3
3.N+1+../+.+30+=0+.0./.
++*..3. >@D3.3.+.+F03J..+.
./+../0S/++.=&.0/+0 3
/.F0++.F011J+0/0++= 0* .+3M
+./+.*0+. "

..0.
M
/3+/+3S+/+.*.0.F0.0/NO0.
JN+.0..0.+30+*+R.=$..
F0+F0F0J.+1
+ 0 EO 3J 03 0 30. 3+0 .+ 0 +
3+0*0.=NJ/0N.F001+1+F0/0...3 +:1
0+10..O0.=XV++.YE+/ XNO..+WZ.M.
F0 N / F0++. F0. /./ N 1 . + /
.+1.[Y.+.N/.33+.F0+/3NJ3*.+3+
X3 3S+YX+*0+++3+-+/Y/ .+J++/+=$
+./M.*..0.+..J3+H+0F0+.N/.30.
3J3./O+.0.=.HM+30. /.0.
. .. 3+J. . N- /3.+ 3 0. 3. .3U +. 0+.
>@D
+ 3J3"X.3.Y=
193
.01+10+1+/31F0F0++.
./+..3+*0+0.H/+./3=
= 3
=L +/3 R.1J./.*R.+.

+.=++- .=3/+0*NJ..3+*0
. 3.3+.+/.+..0.3M.= NJ0
01+.+. #
H/.F0++.0.3.3..NJ
./3? +. /3+. .= + 3 0 +. /*.0. /M.
/3. + + + N + .0. NO. + .
/. +. H+. . 01 +-= . 31. / . /M.
*. / 3 +. 1. ++. 3 + .30R. F0 NJ
/.0?/3+/3./ .0+.=J..*.0
0H0.O0..N./0N...0/+.31..0F0-U
0 / J /. /0 +. + 03 +
1+NJ3.+J/+JF03*R0..+.
.*.31.= 0S+/.3.*0.3/+*
+0* .0 10+ /U 3 +. 0+. F0 +. NJ 3.
/3.F0+NN.*0../3+.+0 +./M..1*-.
*.= 033 ..0+/F0./...
.1+*.0313.?."+3/0/0+
.33*+.0.F0NJJ3+*F0.+/.3
F0+*U+.*0/J+0+.0H3NN+O0-F0
NJ.+1+.30R..010+U+0J+H0F0+
/. 3 11 N+*/ + . .0 1= 3 /0N F0 + 30+
.+ .0..0.F0++.N/.33+.F0..*0J
.0H1*0./3.0./.+..+.+.3+F03J
194
+0*3.0H3/F0++.F0.0.0.1.=
+.?.F0/++3.0331/*. //+.
././ J+HJ+F0+.OR.+ H0.30..O+/
N/.F0/.R0++.NM+.1+..=01-F0+
/*.F03.J0+ .* 3+1+30+H10
F0R+J U+. F0.1+1.1.3+*0/O=
H/ + /3 + 3+* F0 3 /. .0.
/*.3J/H0.+330+++/1F0+30+
++*.330+F0.*....*0+/.3+.=
/0N.30R.+.*0*03SH0.0++
.=.N++ F030/.F0/3.+3+3MF0
+.../..../3+.1.+30++30+1+.=
..+.H0...0/M..1F0+F0+3J.
F0./M.H0F0+F0.*.01./.+0+.+E/
F00H0/.3M+.F0+.S+/.J.+3S+=
B= + #*
=L0 0/..+30
/*.0NJ.+ "#
+.1..0.+.= ..++/
"#
"#

+*/.10.3+"#

&
.0/ + 33.. + % + /3 .
+0*.3S+.0*01/?+
3+F0H0
++/3
& /3?3/*.H+0.
.*030*03+.0.3. 0+
.N+./.+.1.
3R+..03=
" +
..J0H++./.F0++.F0.303
F0.*.++..3-=0*F0+O0. /.E .
++ =
A

E" 3=CCB4.N-+*0.1..
195
1O 3 +. 0. + /33.*0. +. 1. .0. N.U 0
3.++.0+++* 3..O+.
+.+&+.+3=F0F0+F0NJ*+H..
../O.++.0.0.1.F0++0N+
/3.+H1R..=*++.0..3N31..+./.
../3.N++/1+.=../SF0.F0.
3..0//O0*.F0..3M0+.+0+NJ
1.0.S3.. 0/3+HF0+F0.3=+/3+
++F0/M...3.3.++.+.0+
/3+.O0*.3S+.+F0+30*./0N/M.+
F0+.31J3.F0++.H0.=1.03NJ+/./=
@= +
$
&9%O+J++ +/*.F0NJ3.+03
+/S+...+ =./.30.F0+*J+./*..
.03..0J./3+/3H0+./0++.+0"+.
/.30.F0+*J+.0.+.+.+./*../.
/3..+J0.+/./+0*+%+=+/3
.13/.+.0+.3.+.0.0.3*..0.
1.=%00.+333+1. 0/3+F0J+
*3*0+.0.3F0R.0.1.+.0+.30.+
0.?+ "0+++30.H.0/3+
F0+H. ").*HX*01Y=+0*./ 3+
F0+1 .N.3+.F0.+++.+.F01
J 0 # + 0+ .J + / + F0 H1J=
M.+.1.0+.0++.=
I= A
196
"
&9 / 1 +. /. .0. H. +..
/*..F0R0J0++.N.N+ '

A

E"& .M /M. F0 */. F0J +* +. N. F0 +.
/*..J.F0/.N.0/M.++1//3
=+.*.3++0+/*.0+/3?/+.

& +/M. .J 0. /3+. F0 H+ 0 . + +
/*.3+3.3+.++...*0/3+.0. .=
./31..+*+++1+/-F0..M+..0.
N/.+.H/..)&..0.N.1.+/.+0
NN.1J+1-.J/++N+./*..-3
+.+0..0/.33++.*= +F0+./0++.
+0*S/*.JN1/0.+.0.".?+
.+NN.+.)1-F0+.+.3J+.++.
/=. .0+..F0++.F0..00 3
/0OR*031++1+.=
3J..
*+/U30./. +J.=
+*-*0
/.F0N+.1.O0-U..3F0H0./33/+0.
+.+F0.0+./M.+./*.0./"+
.0=J/R+./*...0.33...N"++..03.
+.++00+
F0H0.0*0.+++0
3F0.30R.0.N-HJ+1NJ0+.+.3+.++.
/F0 10.++H/.3+23=>>D4=+.+.0.
3+.0 #
" R+...O0.=/0N.+0*.
+/.F01./0N30++./*..+3/..
F0 +. 0. . 3 .0 3.= $ . O / 1.J +.
/*.."F0J?/.F00*+1.++1++0H. +
197
+*3S30
0SH*0.+.

" .F0/M.++1.0/0/H+F0J+
/0M*0++1.*>@:S3.?J+H0NO.
+0+=
T= +

# &9+./3.3/1..+/+3+
J+/./3..+.0.F0+3..+.//..0
H/+=.*+.H..NN.+.+*S//R+H/.0.
33..+O0.U. +.+/.0+3+..0/.
.0.3..F0J3R+H0-+.=J+N3+.0
O0+.0.0../+3S+U/M.N- 3F0
.01.+*.N3+ = 0+H. +*R+
J+.0/+/0+F0NJ3*+O0+O0=$.+H.
/M. *1 R+ 3J +- + /+ + */ .* +. 0. ++
.*+...H+.N+/+/F0/O+3=
J++/F0+.O.+.0./M. 0*+
O0 0 .30. F0 F0++. +*.++.= N N
/R.1 S

0H-3.+....
3+/./+.=.30R.+E30+. +...0NO0-*
.3. +. .0+.U3NJ0++3S+H0+.3/.
.+F0.F01-F0.01.3+*+100
.3+.+.*+./+.+.F0*-+N0=#
+/.//3..0/F0+ .0+/..0./
3..R++O0-*+.3..=0/.NE3+
+0M++H+.F0++/..+./.
>@
+ 3J3"X.*Y=
198
+.
$

"
& 3/3++H.+/./
NU33/.F0*++3/*03+0JF0++.+.F0
3J3 +.0.31.U+.*0*03.F0++.
F0.+./*../3J.*./H..+.=+.+./+.
+.1 S +.O0..3+/0.NJ+0*.3+.
..*.F0J.*.3.+3R+ 2+XN
-Y+0F0+.030.+/04=F0N.
0F0003J.0 3.E30+.+*/0.
//3F0.0-H0.0.N/.=F0+33
/.+.1 S /3..+0+.0+3+F0.
3J3+++.+30+**./+..0J+..
0..3.N.F0000 .J31..+./+
H/0++. +/*.=0*/ +3. +.1 S &
0 + /M. 0/. 3 F0++ / 3+ + 30+
1.=.1 S +*.3+30+1...
/3...U3+0.0.O

"..
E/0. F0J++.U.0.
/+/./+30+F0+NJ303+.0.3..
/F0NJ3+ =0+0*/F0N.0.F0.N
O0-*/M.01-F01/+3. ++. 1 S & .3.F0
../3J.+J./0+./++./.+.J*
H+.=0.R.+0*/R.00.*R.*..U
/+ JF0-3.0 F0+0+N1J.+
333+.0O=$/M./.NJ*0./0*.+
0+. 1 S JF0/3?/+.3*.N+.OR.
1./3+....+..O0-=.H0.0/
199
0/3//...3+.++/./R 1 S F0
E/./+30++.0..*1.30..++.+.
..F03..0

"&.1 3 /R0
HJ+0.H/./+S/0.U1-.?+0
/.0

".3+.3..+R./..330.
1 S
&%0+3/../001?..
:==33.+.*.F0NJ3/.0.31.U+0*.
.1.0+.0+.J030+.3+.=
.. + 3.. + ./+ *+ + 30+U 3 + F0
/3NJ3+ ++.= +33+.//.+/. H0./3
+*.+..."H00+.H/.&+F0.+*.
F0++. 0+. /. ++/. 1
2++.4U 3 .30R.
1./.1.+3MF0.+*...//.3+.
..3+.++.3+.10.003
H+./.++/.
#
S
& +3.+ 1 S
1/
0 +. 3.U 3 / + S/ /.. ++* . 03
H0/+30.+303..0++/
.1 S

&
03J3/0.U/SF00N/O1..
.*0. F0 . O. + N+ . N /
N/ 3+J 0.. + * 0 31 0.. 0
.+30+/3+=.N/./M..+/.0
/3H3./*.0..3+F0..+..0..
F030 +.0+.E3F0++.F0+/-.0
0. #.H0H.0..= 0./R
3/N+H.+.0..NJ1..0*.

/30/./3.=NJ++F0.3*.N.+*0.+.
200
*.U/.3F0+0J++/0/03F0+O+*J
RE0/++*F0. +3H+0.+3..
. .+.= 1 + 0+ 3 + / +. +." +
.+/S/..F0+0+3+H0.X31+*0+
H0*Y..F0J..+.3.J+.N.0
/= +./..3/.. +3.030.+...+.*1."
J +. / /3 +.
"$

+. 0+. OJ 0
O0. .0/./O+F0ON*++./*..3+J=
%0+33..
"$

0./3+.F0./+3++
+*0+00+N+.+.+..+31
+. .*. F0 .. +. H0. ." . ++/.
"$

&+0*O./.3+++3+.+*J+30+
JH0+.O0+.=3303J.*+..+1.+.
EO.UNJ+%0+0/++/+' "S
.+.
/+.-.3+..1.+.
"$

F003*J
+.1..0+=0+.+0.0.+.+.*1.
3 F0 .. /*.. N /M. F0 33 + . 3 F0 0.
R+00+.03=
D= F

$
&9000.3.*030+F0?F0N0
R+3.+/+.0+.+.3/.....F0
++1/. ..= . .J 3.+ F0++. ++. + +*.+
31+./.3/M.F0...0.J./*/3
3+H+0OEF0+..+./..+33+N
+..NO3J.1+-=.+1-3/.+*0+
/F00J*+/F0++.3+.=$N/.1. /.0.
201
/+.. +3/+. .0+.+0*+H0+O0-* /0
3..+J3.*+3.1-++.=+...
311+0H= .1J.3.+3/
+/*.3.F0+0*H0./3+30. +F0+3+H0.
.+*+N+H/33.30R.+0++3.0
E32*
.4F0J.0*E/.+.0..NNH++
.0=0+3+.+3/3JF0.

4.+
.*0 F0

& + 3/ R3 + 3S+ + / J F0
.+.0 E0.H..0..+.+.U.J+/.
0 N/ F0 / 0 1 3 . ?. F0 . + NJ NN .0.
1?.3 .03+3F0++0/3+.*0JN+1?..
M+.= +33+.3./01.+/+.3+.
+.+.3+/H-1+.++./F0+*/S
3JO.0.N..+..03=$.0 ..?.
.30R.+E30+. +..N.F0%+1.+H/..
3+030.+..3/..S+/+.H/.N+.
. + 3S+ + %= /3 .30R. N0 H/. *. +.
3/.=+33+* +F0++.+.0F0++

O.033.3.++0*H0+3F0.30R.J+F0O+3J
)" +F0F0.++3+=R.+ " 3+/M.
*0+.3M.+*+."++/..3J3+0+
/.0/F01+/+33F0..30+0+.0/
/ 0 3 " " F0 J 1 + F0 0 ++.
+*= *0J.+3++E3+H++"+1..03 .
+3J+133*R++.*..+0+=/R0..
/R.3+33+.++..F0+/*.3..+++F0
202
*+.F0+3+.RH/303+O0++0*0
E3F00M+/.3..M- +F0+*.NN.=0
+.HJ+.+J+31+0.+E3.+0++.
"$

F0+F03+3+30+3F00E+.+3
.. *1.= 0 0 0 / J 3. 0 EO
J R+ 0 3F0? 0+ .3+ ++/ +. / NJ ++J
*0 F0++. /+. H/+. 0 3+ 3 + F0 .+J
.0F0+.0./../.+. .0.F0++..03
O0.=
,.1+F01NF0+.0+./.JF0+M
3MF0.3 030+F0+J* += +.*.
3../+..J/0+././=$F0+.O0..
+3.++/.O0-*0..F03J+/./+.F0++.U
F0 + / /M. . 1. 3 0. 0. . + O0.U F0
O++..0...1.+H+0O+.3+.3+J.=/
./3+.+.+0+.HF0+.J+.3..H/
F0+.0+.1+.*++0=+F0++.3+
+3.U..+J3E.H/3+/.3+=
1 F0++. 0+. +. +.. +. +. 0+. .*. +.
/*..*.E3.O.+/+.+.+.
3M.++3+=.J+.+..H.3++*
.++.U+F0..0/3+/+F0NJ.0+./.
/M.3..0 &30+/ .=
#/.N N+F0+.3 + 1 3S+F0.1 . .0.
.3+./M.N0/+..S.+./3.=:01++30+
F0+/3"X F00J3 /./*.0.OR.+/M.
203
N./.S.... +/0..3. 3++."3O0*.
=Y+.O0*.1/.N+N=
=
8#
&9 . F0 E.J / O0*. +. . +. /3.
3/1.0F0+.N..F0.0+.O0*.F0++./..
+H/F0N+./.=.30NO0*..+
/3F0.U3F0H0R+F0. +1++3.F0.EJ+
++ 1F0/- N++J+UF0.R+NJ+0*
/ 33 . 3 . O0*. . .0= / . /0N. .0.
1.+.O0*.+F03H0J./.0.1.++.
0..0F0.1.+F0+0*.?++./0N.+.H/.1.
0.. +. H.. **.= *0+ . 3 F0 +. O0*. H0 +. +
33/0/33.+...UF0+..1..3+/
/.//N+.3.+F03J
N0.+.+0+.N/.N.R+.H0.+./3.+.*.=.
1/./0F0.+O0*.3S+./3.N/3.=
J+&//...1.+*..N"
R+NJN+...3+..3.+.F0+.+.
3 . .1. 3 +. .. ++. +. M.
/.+0..+.0.=0/+3..J+
+.J.:0+R.U3+0*+2%*=D4H0.03+H0*
.0//?3+F0++*R+0/3..
0/+.3.= 0E/+NJ/0.01.++-.
+1-+..F0/3J+".EJ
3+0/0O
.0.3+.+..0.U+
/0+.+..++0*+10+" F0..J.
204
+0/.O0.++.0+.*+..=+S/0.0+10+.
"
.F01JN+*/M../++.E/
+
. . *. +. + H/ 0 N01 +. . 0
+0/+.0+.F0/F0+.10+...3F0+.
.3. 30 . . .H0- 0M. F0 3 = . O0*.
0.3F0.H0N+.1.F0.+1
*/3+.+3+23=>T4":S3:01=+/..O0*.
+
E"
+

0 + 33 0 J /M. J. F0
/-+@./=/M...NJ/0N..O0*.N
1......+./M./3.+.
33.++.
<
+H+/.//.+. +
>

+.3/.J.O0+=
/3 0*0.NJ....J.+?..3+.O0*.
3S+.U 3 + R3 +. /3. F0+.0 H0 . +
0 F0J.+.+?O0*.+R3
0+=$...NJS.O0*.F0HJ
$
$
3+*0.1.
.?+.+.*+.+. . F0 + /N/3.
3+*H/

"
$
4O0*.H0+.F0+.F0.
+/0+*SN//++.//..0.N+H0=
/F0H++././..H+.F0++.*O.
F0N++11+= ..3O0*.0..3++0.
NNJ1...3.+0..31."0+0H
:0+R.3H0/+/0+0F0/0N./0++
*+3.N*.=.O0*.3S+.30.1..+..">+. +

'
O0*.+U+. +
0S

+.3..+UB+.
O

F0EN. *+./S/+. +
H=
205
C= '
&9*/.3/*.+.3M0+F0RHJ+
0+.J.O0*././3.+/3=$.NN+3/
/0N +. O0*. /= . 0+. .M .U + .M
1.= +*0.+.*.3+J.N.*0+O/3+
/ + /30 0 ./ / 3 +. +. .. 0.0+0/
.+33-+/3=/M.F0NN.M+1JF0O3
+.EO.F0++/= S./++.1J.*.+
+.../M.+.+U3F0+./01.30.J.3F0?3
+*+/0N0/F0F01+.O0*.=/./0O...O0.
/..M3/+..+1.".+.F011+*=/3++.
+*.N..33+M.+./R.+.++-.F01
+...+.S+/..+.+0+.++.*0.=
.01.=.30...0/...= M++MN
+*0..+..-O.F0.M3../F0.M3++.+
*-1+./+0NU3F0/.3.+.30..+.
103++.1++J/0*3/+0*
1+
+0*0++/+ .33*+.3.030.0
.0/.0H3/+.0./=/.N0/.HM+3
+.
+0+.03330.= F0+F01.+3
+.*.N.3.0.1..0/J.0.F0.
.+- +.H+...+...++.N..++./+
.F0+.0+..N.+*0. /H0*++M
+S+/+./M.+.N+.= +N.+"N.+N+/M.O+

" .M ++ +. 31+*. F0 . ++
/O.EO.../*../*.01J*.
1.+.=...+O./S..N+.J.+10+0++./0+0".
206
F0+...1++*.+/+3+/3+.*O.+
+30+/=$3+*30+F0.O0+.
+./S..=.++.+.0+-+3. "
F0.MF0+J.0*++ .0+=+1+1..*:1
3+F0N++1+ .0+/M.F0..*.J.H..
F0++.F0.00.0H.0+%N..0/3+23=>T4=*.+.
/ + 1 1 +. +. + .0+ O0 .0 = $ . ++. +. O 1.
0..0.++JH+.H."+.F0N..+.
1.O0*.U+..U+..U+...=$/+O01+.
/M*.+.....= 0.+.. ) 4 .+..
.*. S .3+H.++./0+.U++.+.N+
N0N0/.3.+.N/....3+=3
+.1./3++/.3+0.1.3N..=
. + /3 .M +. O0*.⎯ 1 F0 .01.⎯+
1F0./.0++../0N/M.H/+=3+0N.F0
+.?+3+0+/3+F0NN3.3+
/0+0=..0+.0F03..30.H+..+1
*./.*."3F0+1-++N++1J/3+.*03F0++
/3+/0N0/=$.H0F00+/31.J+H-.0
30+ .. O0*. + * ++. +. E3.. +. ./.
330+./*03N00J=.M/R.0.
...F0++.F0+.3+3. =./+ .0+
.03++1J./=:.1+.N.0-.1J.+3
...M300+..3.+/-+.O0*.=$
O+ .0++0+-"&$.M.+.30.+.&
$.33+/.1..3?.0.0++.
207
0=.+.++.1.0O.+U+...1./M.0
F0+..=....0.3F0?.+*.=.F0+.*0J1
3++.+..+..F0++10-.3+.3+U3.0
100N++3+..=0+..10
+3F0N.+0+/./+1.+*0J+
.J++.++..0+1.= .J+..*0+.
.3.= .J+.0..+0++..+++..+-0+=
/N0*..+/..3.J.3H./3?J.U
...+/.+F0++/*.F0.+.O0*.+F03++.
.=../M.*0.++1++# O .31/"
+0*1+1
+-0+$ &.1-+1.+H1=
, 3/. + +/ F0 + .+0 F0 .0 3 )
.M . 1-
/J=1+.1+.1NJ0+.+.0+
.0
-F030.+33 .0+.0.1+.+++*+.
/M.3 E/=/30N+.M+/10++" /+
0 3. . N0 . 3 /3 . + U +
/..+.*0.0./OF0++..+F0
+0 H+..03 /
>$$

7
"( "
7 $%
)

*"
"!!
7)
E #

&
208
0+..N+.3-?10+.+ " +++
++/+.3.+.+./3.$N++*+.R3/*"
1 +*. 3. + 0H /" 0+* . .0. ++. +.
*0./M+.1.*.+M*U+E ++*.0+/U+H0
++J+ #
-.+/303
0H+*01..0+3.+.O0*..00
/3.3.+/0N0/F03+0+E/+
3+30.1+.1.= *0+0*"
1J"
+++.++.F0+/-..0.U.?+.
.H*=.0.+./.N.N..30R.+
/3 +J*0+= + /J N 0 +* U 33J. + 3S+ +.
++.F0++++0/F0+.../M.+.+/3
*3.+*//.F0.0+.J.F0+/3+
/*.F03.+.O0*.31H..+..3.+H.+.
F0/++..+1.3.0...+./0..+++.0.?=$
/-+30+..N.F01.1= /.F0
0.J/M../++.F0NJNH-./+*S1+
++.3/./*.F0F0++./0+0./3J+10+.0.
..0.0O+++../.+N= 3..J+F0
/30O0*.F0++* N.0.+J00+
S/*.N0.../=
+...HJ0.+=*S/
.. +. S. 1.. F0 R+ NJ= 1. /-+M. + J /.
+R.>@C . /. .+. +0N. 3. O ..
30*+=+M..1.0+.*0++.++H..
>@C
+ 3J3"X+R.Y=
209
0./0+++1+=NJ+.O0*F0*O./M.+./.
F0 + $
-+0+.N+..H..JH.
N/.3M.++++.=*.M..+..+/33
++./+.E?.+S/F0.++* EN..H0+F0
3F030M.+R=/3.0.*0.0+31 +
F0.+.0.-3.+3.3O0*.F00
J.U:0+R.N 01-+0.+.U 0*0.+H/.
+++F0+.NN..00.0.N-?.+NNN
/./++H.+=
>&3 =L/3++F0..J+./.+.O0*.
++O.3+ =.0.1./0+
M=3.M.R+.0F0++.3/.O0*./M./F0
..J33+/0N..1+.+..O 1.3+
/S03. U./+01M.+./.330+.
++/. ++. F0H0J.//3F0. +/3
0.=F0+.3/..3H. F0N0/H0++M
0....0?..:==U/....+/-.
/J/.HM..30...+/3M.+/S.+H+0..
M+*.=/0.1?..30R..0+**++/1
0O+.3/./.33.F00J3+.
++**= /.+.F0.J3-..0/3
/ 3 / +. 3..= 1J F0++. /. .
3."+.
$#
M+*..0..F0.+.
3.+J.
F0./3?//S.=.F0 1.1J+
H0H-3.0..F03 3+1-U3+F03 3/.+
30+F0+0133O0+H+00.+1[F0]J.0
210
*+3 F0R++./3?33.*..=<0
/0.0++/+.0/.JU0+...0.

.F0NJ/.+../.F0+F0+.+/
.0+0++.=/.0+./.*H 3+.
*.3F0+..0H/3.+/3.3+. F0
333/..0.E1*+0O=./.+*
/M.330+.U3N33 .++....F0..3=.+3/F0
*-/0N/M.H1+. "S
3++r⎯++/..J+
" **
F01...0.3.O.⎯0./.3.+&.
.1+../+...F0++ F0+."S
S
F0.3+>I/H+..0/./=$.+.*0F0
N03 /F0++*.1+3/++.F001/
+00/. +300.+F0++* 3E/M.+/R=
NJ *R 1.. + F0 /0N /M. *0. F0 +.
/."++.3//. "
"F0..JE+0.1//S.
+.=J++.0.+.0*+0N.F0.+J.+*
/3+H03O/3+.= /+/0N+
30++..F0+NJJ.*RH.+.0+.J3+
N+ /0 0 3*= J /M. . 1 .0/ 3.*.
+.0 .3..1J+0..1*H=$
/+/M..+/*3J+30+F0..++.0.
.?F0033S*+..3M/0..0=
H0.0*+//M.F00.3.
3+H/ +- + + F0++. F0 NJ J
.*...0.../NJ*++.F0
>I
+ 3J3"X+Y=
211
J++&++,+fH.+./. Nf.3
NJ..33/0+3. =
$+0*0..0./3+.1.O0*.U
3F0++.H..3F0.0..
NM+.O=/3H0+3/F0 /0
3+?II.:==./M..?0+
0*0.U...+...03+
F03+//.0/++ +/.".
F0 + /M. 3F0? F0++. . J 1 /+
.3./.0/++/M.*= ?+M.
+.30..+.0.H/.0*U.0..
.+F0.LF0+X+0*+Y++.
.**.U.++J.0+.N+.
F0 .*0J +. +. ..= + . . . +.
0./0.=+=JN+U.
F03J3/3.+.+*.+.$/J+
H.3H0/ /. +..=+. .
/ . .. .3. .. . F0 3 +
/S NJ . +. .+1. + 0? + /3?J
"

F0 +. +F0+ + /*. 3.= .
1F0N++/.E3../++.+
+M*.3/.0+./*. =

..N/./0 0+03+F0.
212
.133*.31N..0.?=
>>= O
&9 & NJ . ++1. / .
../.1/3S+**.+.F0/
3++./M.+0/H/=.NJ.3
1. F0*S0/N++*3/M.F0+
30+ + 01 H .?+J./= $ . .0/
/3+/0+=+./.
&.
3+F0..0/.+.H.+1.+.
0/..0.0?."3/ .+0*+..1.+.J3
.0. 1.UN.F01.NM.30+.0+.3
../.+F0++.0+F0F0F0..EN
++.= .. /. H0 J. / 0 +
30++.+.+.3/J/0N/3M.*+.
*R1/.0+.+..= +33
. +NJ+.. H0+..+H=
/ +*0...+0N.M.+/3S+
+ S/ /. 1 0.. + 3 + N+
.3M0+UNJ//3?*.+H1.0
30+F0+O*+M+0...+0N.=
.+H/+. +.3.+..U3+F0
/3:0+R.0/O*.=*J.
*../*0."0NJ.13.0
ONJ*/3+/0++..O..F0+
001.F0O.0.30..+JO0+/
213
F0+...*.H/0H*01+++
F0 F0 + = . ++/ )
.
/ 3H/N*RH..= ./O-
..0 .N+0*.H./U0
++.+H/.+.>I> .0+./M.*./..F0N
0/0+ O/M. -. N0/.= %0 * + ' " +.
. #.3. / J R+.*S .
0.1/+.3.=.MN/03+
/33+././M.F033+...
J.+.33.+./.+U3S
3/+1.+/M./0/+.+.*.0.
+01.=/0N....J./O+.3 NN
0J++F0NR/.N0+.J.
.. /.= + /./ /0N0/ *+/ + /./
3/3 .3+ + /./ H.J .+1O= J *+.
1..+...O0..0./..0//.
/=
+./.H1.+0

F0
0/0H.1.0F0N
.01.0F0N+0+J3.
.0.N+.0*+/./.+/+.*+.
./.F0NJ3.*0+

..+*+3
+/0.F001.. 3+=+/SF0
3+.3O.U3N01.F0++.
>I>
+ 3J3"X+.Y=
214
.=
00*+3J.0./.JN.0.0.+./.+.
.3.= NJ+10.0.3+0..+.0.
3?0+..*H.01+0F0.+O.11U3..N0/M
+1NJ+**+.1+1JN+.0+.++30+*+
*+J+*+3/+=
'
#
&9
>=../3HJ+0E+..+*../.0
30+= 0++.3M.F0.3.*0+.3H./..
1../*.1.+.+.30+.F0.0/.F0/..*
N+++F0++.N010=.H0+.030+
.0++* +./.= F0++..0...0..N++*N.
..11J0R3F0+ NJ/3++*/+.
.?-. **.= $ +. **. +. /. NJ 1 3. / /0
H+.3.1.+.=.1F0N00/3/++M0
J/..03/1N*/SF0*0+...+.H/.
+0+0...+././.=.N3./0N.?..F0++.
+.= $ N . 11 H. . +. . 30+.= $ + 01
.+/.0/.01.=$NN+J1./0
1..=NJF00+.+..0...+M../+.
..*0.0..F0SJH0-++.F0/.0+..
3/1.+./.N++/.F0....+.+.**.=
+1-.M/O.F0OF0J+N..0.++/.U.J
215
3/.1/M.HM+/0M...*+30+/
0M+.H0.?+0*3+.3.3..+&=
=+

"

$=LF0+3/3 +.3.1.+.F0
+/+.N/.+-+.H0.33+/3+
+./..M/.++=./*1+//+H/
+3F0*+01.=++/ 7! X+++Y3+F0**
1.M +J$
=J+..0333U.JH00.+
& +/?+3+X3Y.0/3+F0 $
1
1.
$

+0*=3/.N+0/
/3.F0.N++*.U30N.N..+.N/.
+33/0N.H..../0N.H/.H.+
03*S=030.+.3/./3./0N./.
..F03.../0N....F00.1./.;+.0
30H/.1.=../.1..0.F0./3
/3J.3.++*.0../3.*.....H0
+/F0+3+J.//0N...1.3.M3/
31..30+.=/.1+/ /+./....
3/.= 0*.:S3O/0N./.=+3/+/M.
/S.+
+
+.++0-+++++J=
0*NJ
0 "" +.+++N=.H/H00/3
1.3+.N.30+./.0../M./.
/3.3+./J..F0+.F03+J=++* *.
.0+/+F0. +1+0 "" +.+.F0..+-3
+.0.+H1+3.+../.=+.++/M.//
+/O+3+F0+/
F
+=$/
/R++/
/+F0F0/+J+*3NN3
216
+++.S+/./.3J3F0RNJ++1:S3+/=
1.0.0*030+N.U3.0+F0+++/
.J3F0+.0..3J.0./*.=J/M.8

<
F00*+/F0NJ/0+0++/*O.0.
.3O. 0HU /. . /3+/ + + * . /" + 1-
.*H +O&./.+/3 JF08
0 +
XYU..+F0J+H0*+..+.+++X+.+Y
F0H+-+...U31/.F0J*0+/+F0++J
3NF0XF0+F0.M3Y*0++ +=+/
+0+.1/M.:S3F01.0../33.
.F0N+/.H0+N
" .
" = ++:S3+.+.+.
NJ0.1+3/R3**./.F0 H A

+. **. + . + H0* /R. + N* + 0+ 3.
/3J./.3++* +=1/.0M.303+
H/+++* +./.U.+* H/+#.++
=
:S3#.+.S..F0+./.+.**.NJ1
.0. /0. ..= +*0. N0 F0 +. /. H0 / +0* +.
**.=.N0F0+.**.J1+*0..0.33.....+.
/.J0*+F030./.3..0+
F01...J.?+1=.../O-..0
/3HM..J3- S03/00.0
.0+3+./.= O/3+.+./M.1+.0.
+. $ &/.0/1+.+X1+Y=.
10+133+F0+//+3+30++./3O1+
./3*..+0=J.*+. +3/1U
217
+/+3//.++-
.+/& R++HJ
0+.3/.+?UR++++3F0./..H0..0.
1O..0.1.=$+/O
$ 3+F0/R+J.*HX+
.+.++Y=..F0J+././0+./.30.
1++-J3+F01./R+.+*0=..0J
F0+.+*0+.**..++/ .U3+3F0JR+
& 1. + F0 J /= . . + . + *0
/H0-13/- 0+.+1O=/.
R+. +.+.0JF0+1+.NR.U ././.
N30N/N0+/3*= 130. /H00 .
/.H0+.= >I....S/+./O-
+0+-+..0F0./+.0./.=./.J0
.+/++ "F0++/A A &+0
.+.*0+.3/++M+./3./.NJ/M.33F0
++.3.+-1.R0+.+.*0M33
+./.3+.+/=+.++..+.0.+.
++..+./.NJ+.R0+.+.0+..0.O0/.
/ .0. . +. /.U R0+. . + 0 + H/ 0
F0+F0.03JF0330 +..H.+-/.
+.*.F0.+MH=HJ+H0N++./M...F0+
AL F0 +. **. + S+/ R3 3. +. /. / + /./
R0+...=JF0N+.33.H."..0
/+130+X+*++++Y+.+ += 01.01
H++3+.N/.= 0..0..3+.0.
F0.*+/.03.U3R++..31.0/N/0+H
>I
+ 3J3"X.Y=
218
.*+./= +J.F0+././.+.**.00
H0 +*0.0.1..0/M.++/0
0O + 0+ 0 01 . + /
/M+ . S
0A"F01.+//.+/R/0N..
..=.*/.30.+./.0./.+.3.*H+...
**.3F0J/.=+1-N/.N+.+.../3.+.
3/./3.":S3#.R0+.=N/.?+./0N.
.. . F0/. /*. + ./+ +.= M. 3/ +0* +.
.+1+/3.+R3+H0 /"0 +.
+./+-+./3.U'77
/0/3+++/+
0+./+-+3H+-+F0NH+H0+..N.U
F < 1.+.?.3.+.=J+..*...J.
.+./.3+...F0.O0++. +3+/O.0.
3H H/+U
$ + +.0J=J+...
+.F0J+.+ +F0J+JF0O.03
+/0./."R+.0N/7
+.+0++N=$
++J0F030./0N/M.OF0+F0J++/3**+...F0
.+../O3.00+-11JH .+30-+*=
0/.E.+.+*.J../.+/.=$
H0./10+.1*.HM.../1J.+./+1
0/+. 3. +.+. 0. /. . 3 E?. /. 0
/.0H/3.+.3J0++* /=NJ
+1.+/M..+N.+/M.N0/+F001..033
.3J03= ++M.1H
F03+.+.+?F0+3/
*U++J<#
F0+.?.0.3/.3+.U++J3 F0+.0+
//UF
F0+ /NU>#F0+/3?
219
0.++N*UG F0+*0J.0/U7"
F0+++1
.U > F0+++01= ./.0.
..0/3+/00/3+..+.?.U/M.
+.1..03...-..00+//.0.
1. .3.= + . / 3+*. F0 H0.
0.+..N.U/../3+.3 +0+.+*0+
1+3F0++.+.3J0/3+++0+
.3J0+.0++.3J0N+./++./0-+..+
.3J0+./++.*+.3J0++1+*+.*.+
.++0*++.=
B= "
=L.. NN../0.
F0R +. O. +. /. .0. ..= .. 11. . ./3+.
..=11-H.J+.**.NJ0+.1..0
+* 0.+/M.++/M.H0/M..3.N0//+N/=
0.../J.F0++NJ+.3..3J+./+.
0.+J11/3++.H/N/.=N/+*J/M.
H0N/.F0+**=Z /3J+./.+.F0
3.1*.0+../X+.+3+N*YX+.3J0
0[Y3/.3..+/1++.F0-+
/+*J**/M.F01J./S//-F0.+.+.F0N+
.0/30?/1++.3.1.0O0103.3+H1+
+ F0 H0 0 0 + +. .3 + H +
/..//NJ1++=+* +././+*0
0+*J".?+.N/.+F0+....J/./.".?. +
0M+.+..F0+.N/.J3++.+./.F0..
.0H1=3J.0M++0+-+..."...NN
220
- F0+1.+/0.30+.+J/.3O.0H+0O+
1N0/U3F0.F0+.O.+.N0/.N03.*0.0
H/.0- H.++..NJ.0/*R+01H0+1.
+.N/./0+.+./.=+F0+./.
.J.0...F0+.0/.0.3.+.H+.3+*.
.H. /. R3. ..= . .0 +0+ +*

4+.
.*S+.3+././. /M.F0+
/+..F0NJ+.+.../.= .
30.HJ30/+..H..J.33
R+0U+.HNJ0/3+.03R+"+...
0/3++.0= NNF0+.++* **+.
+. .. / . NJ .++= + .3J0 ++* / .
+/30.+**"+N+F0*0.N+N/3F0+.
..+/F0+N.= +F0**.//.+.3/.
/3.+/.J ...J+*0F0+F0+...F0J
+.N/.+F0+O0...F0N.=/+J3
F01++* =J+O/.0NN3++*
.H.+./.N.=++* /+
+//M.++F0+.3J0= 0/HJ1+3:1+
J//03.F0F0++31F0J.0/+F0+
H/M.JN++/3.J+.N+.1?.
+/>IBF0+?=/.+0++.F0JF0.+0.
.H-.?3++++.+.+*
-. OU . J N 0 /+ . 3J . . 1J .J /M. F0
.HM.+113.=
>IB
+ 3J3"X/?Y=
221
3 + F0 . 1 / * +. /. H. + 30++
+* /=NJ++F030.N+/.M.30+3-=$
NJ/0N/F0/.F0+/1.1.++F0H0/+
.N.0..=.JH+JF0+++* +.NM.
U.J.1+1J++U.J+N/F0JF00/3+
.01+*.=+*/++J+1+/+0++...U
3NJR+0/O.1+.0J.J++* +*/+.
+H/-+3=
@= +
" =L/.N0O.3++*
3/1 +. /. 3 + /0 * H+0 F0 . 3 01 +
3./0+N.3+J/=J.F03J >I@ O/M.+.
.3J0. +. F0 O + F0 11J 0 .3 1 ./
+0/F0.0.03....0
.+NF0..0...= /.
.01/*/+&+=*J./H03
0 H/+ F0 E*0 3F0 ZF0R 0 . +. .3J0. +.
/0.[..J/*1H0/./.NJ
//".+F0.J/J. +33.J/./.+.
N.F0N0F0.0.3J0.30R..0/0.H0+..3J(
0..0.3..+.H.F0N0*-/=0M.
..N.+N*0J+H0*/R.F0++1+
H/+=H +..H0*U3.+0J.0++..3J0.
0 1 0+- . / = 0
/. + /3 F0++. N. 0. +. +/. +.
/0.U0//.F0.NJF0++...H.+0//./
>I@
+ 3J3"X3JY=
222
F0..03JF0+.3J0+H0NJ.0/U0N/.//
F0 +. /3. 3/1. + 3 + . + 33 N*
/R.L/...H0-F0+.+.3.+..3J0.H.+.
3..=..3J0.F0NJ..0..H./. >II/+RH.
+$S +" 4 +. F0 J +. N. . . +. R1+.
*0. + . + H/+ & . .0. ..
J.+1+/3+0++..3J0./R..=

F0.+ )"

+S.F0*J.0+J+0
E+0+..H.F0+F0O0-*.*/3++.U+F0
1J+*S*+/.F0++ +0+/+3F0
N/.N+=+.0F030..3.+.H+
H/+.+F0H0.//++= //.+*F0+*0...+
0+3..F0..+/0H/+013
++-+3 +*++/.+MNO=.0+F0./
.0 /0N.1F0++30-+1/R.F0H0+
R3 3/ * N /= . N +1 F0 + 3S+
./0*H/+= .J/.J.0N*/R.33.J
+ J.0N*/S+/3+#..0..+*../0.+.
F03J/3EO+*0= N+.3+.H..F0
NJ1.+. /U3+.O..1.+./.J
1H/+33N/3+1H/++ =.F0
...H/++/3J3.1. & <0
3.3.J+.N.+.0.F0.F0.+.3/.H
//*..330+..H.+...+ 3J+./.+
/./F0.0EO0.+./.+0+/R.
>II
+ 3J3"XH./.Y=
223
0.03+30.+3/.+.=F0..+.
S. /1. F0 .3 +. 3. F0++ .0 +* - +0N +.
3+.U 3 + J/ /30+.M+. 3 3 33+ F0++ 3+*
..+.+/.+3++..1.030-3/1+..
+*..=
I=+ ! "=L2" "F0.0.*H 33+0*
.?+ 3 O. .. 3J . 0. *0+ 3. 3 0 0*0 3
.*+.3F0NJ.0..1.+3 ++F0.*J
31.*+++.*P.=0*.33..03 3/+ " "
H0+H.*+0++...=+./3.*0.+.F0
1/.N..J. ++ " " 0 3..+
/*+1U.1./M.F00./3+N
+0+
.NJ*0+& /3F03.+..0J+/3+/F0
++.+.3F0++.3+F0.
+1-/+/*+.=$././3. .1S+/3
+.*+....=+/3+/.+//+/+.
/+0*0+0+**.++J.?-=.0
H./N/.0../3+.1.?+0R3+
++* //+H+0OF0++O+.30+.E?.=
....00/0+..3+/*3
//0N../.=.30+33 3F0
/+*0+.0.+30+=%0.0S+H+...
+. +. .H.F0 +..H/ +. . 0.=.
E+0.+./M./3+..F03+..0/.*+.
/M.+0..N/..*+.3F0./3?.+.1...=
0.*0..+..1..">4++.F0J+ *++.
224
.0.++* F0.3.30.F0H0...U4++.
..+.1.30+.=+3/+.NJ.*.

*03.+*..//3=./.+N+0
+. )
⎯0 / 3 1 F .0 .*H 3/
"
⎯3N.*S..0*+0+./0.
+0+./M./.+.=.0O0. .EJ.+
++* +0.+*0++++.?++.J.F0J
0.+.0+.+/1.+0.+.3/.++"
.0/ + F0 ++. /./. ++/ X+ +. .. 1. N0/.Y=
+/M.+OH+.3JH.F
)..
" +-H+++*
/U0F0J3+.M..+* >ITF0:0+R.H0JH
ME/0+/3F0/3+ .00*+&+=J..0/.
0+*..3.U3+0*H0?..0+*03+.=
*0J F0++. /3*+. F0J3 HF0+
1+0+....0+./.F0/+.=.+
NJ.13./...*+.+.0./+.*P.+10+
+.1.+0+.0J+

*=NH0.
+. 0*0. +. 8
1. F0 H.. 1. 0= ..
3J3.+3HJ*/0N/F0+.0*0.+.0+.. +
1+R/.*+..+...N0.0*.00E+/.F0
++..JN++++0-+.+M/3*.+.?.+.1J/..30..
/M./0..3H0.=+.S.3.+-O/M.+*+.0*0.=
3N .0//F0.0+.0++.U F01
*/ + . + // + +* +. 0*0. N+ / .
1*-.F00S.3N0./+ 3:0+R.=
>IT
+ 3J3"X*Y=
225
+.3JH.+.0*0.3J.0++....O.3++
1 +./*..=+NX1.*+.0.3.YF0++.
F0.+30+NJ+*3O+U3+.0N
./+0NJ0.+.0.+/..J+.=.
/M. .?+. +. .. +. 1. .3+. +. . <"

2.4$ P

+.0
X...+.Y
+.X/.+./3.Y< >$F01+77
3
+../.=$../.?+... HH F0/J
./3+H0*.*+/3+#.1/+N*/S
+0= +. +. .. F0 / .0. 3/. /3. +. +.
..F0../.+.H..00+=
6&3
=L.H/.+0+.0/3++..++.=NJ
F0+./3H0+3F0F03+/+N0+*0.
+..+&U.+*030H .++/+"+..
F0+...3J..+0++1. >ID 11
30+*/++=NJ/3+S*0+F0+
0+=..J 33+/M.-.+F0.*0J0.H+.
..+0+3/0H1+.+H.+.330/
/0 * .0. .0/. +/. 1*+.= 0+.F0 ./3?+.
H.+0+.NJ?0*01..0.M.*.
+-.+.NO..*.+.0N.0J
03*/3J.+3F0H0J.0+3+/+*P=
+ H+0
#
3. ./3 .+/ .H 0+
/S.U0J..+....+-U3J+.H+3+*.?+
3+.3JHU+1J/*0+. !.$

>ID
+ 3J3"X0++1.Y=
226
+/++1++U0 +0*+3/-+
*++00N++=+.**N-1.++U
01+.?. . .N1+.F0/+.
++/.=+$.H.O+H/++....H3S+
+...=
5&'"#

"=L ?+/./0M3/+.H+0.1.
F0 O 01. . /= 0 M3/ N .U /. 0 .J N
.1.31+/0M.H0./....+
/R.+/+3/3S+=R.3+3//++
F0. F0.+0+O..03F0.0..
+ / 3+ + N/. /3+ F0 NJ . N. :S3 :0
1=F0/./../U3300.F0
/ R3+N./+ 0/3+F0:S3+.0
01J0+N
" .
" NJ.N0 +....
3+.+0+/3+H0+F0+01R+3/0N/3+/M.*
F0/++J/=0*0.+R3+..0R.
+N.+ +.0.+.+F0.30+/33F0/0.+
/-F0++.*0H+0F0O &/..+*..= .
*0../ +1*++.
#
#

43+0*.0/..
*0.N.-++*.F0=.H0+3/+*.*F0.
+. 3+.U 0 +0* . 1 / H0 .0 H+0O= . +.
.*.J3/+0*+.M0+.30.3+.. 3+
3+F0..1.H/++./.0F0+33+
.3+//3> X+F0Y=.30R.H00.
/ . . **." 7" F 7

H. +.
*0.'+
#+#+"3F0. +/3+F0.+1
227
.. . O31-3// .. &1-+.
0=
.*+/M.+.+..+.+./.F0.0.0
01H.NAL3+/./.A &. .*+
3/+././.+.H0.+//J/+.+.0.
>L
..+/>
&$J+.F0..
/.++.+S/..3.3J..F0N++01/3++
/*+J=R3//++*0 J+N+01
+.+.H/..+.0+..H00. +H 3!..
* H F0 J 3 /S + *0 #0. += $ NJ
/S././*00./3+.+./
./3+& F0O.+%*
0NH0+.:0*.*+..=.NJ.+/0
/0N0/EO.F01J/3?.+....0..
1.=/++= J/N/+0++...
.0 + / .0/= +*S 0 / F0J 0 .0.
33...+.+...30+M++.0H+.
3.+..F0.0 0+/3J=.1.EO.
F0N++/M.H1/+J+3S+H0+.F01J+
"..+./M.1.+.+*3=+0++.../.
NJ . ./3 * 3 /M. .0 +* H/0+ F0
./.>I.+.U/++/3NJ3F0++.
0. /. + .. .*H F0 0 /3 01 M. 1J.
01. E3.M. . H/. +. ./. +*..= . E3+ +
330+ .?+J./ F0 +- +. O. +*0. .03.. +
3..++.+.+..1.*3.G
N

0
&
>I
+ 3J3"X./Y=
228
3/..E/+.H/...0+."/..R3.....3+
/3"+.....1.H+./.0J0
+./3+/3+.0.0+..+1J1N//
E +. ./. +*..U /. / +. /. .0 + 0+ +.
./+.NJ.0F030..3.0...+.
0 1 /M. 30 +1= 0 . N- / 3 1 + 1*-.
F0 +. S+/. J. + /3 NJ 1 +. ..
F0++..++./*.1.+3S+3/1H0NN3+.H+ .H.
**.= N 0 O .0 /. /3= ./3 .
*/F003JF0+/++.?S/U
0 11J +. 3.. *J. +0O . . H +*0 *R
/+1/O../.+1+/0.030+U
0+1./0N0/3.+0/N/1*0
OR./*.0+M+.+10/J+-
/./+ F0++/U11JS/.++./M+.
.0.1.H+R+..0..?-.+*0.+.1./M.../M.
30. 0. 3+. * + *P N 1 + /
3.N...=
= '
=L N.3/0N/M.N03.+1
+30+/=0R/..*00.0.OR.H/...0./N
+/3++F0*3-31N3.0 =$N0R/.1.
+.1+.+*..0.1..1.U+./.+..+.U+.0 +
/3/U+++J++=1+1+.O.+.*..F03
.3.+/.F0H0.0 >ICO+./.N0R/...0.
/..0.30..0.00.=$+..*0/1+++
>IC
+ 3J3"X.0.Y=
229
1. F0NJ+/3++ >T+.3../.0.+./.
MH/+R.++.*..+.N0/3.
.0..0=.N0.../M.E. =.
3F0?+NMNN..N+-/.0+/+
+*+1F0+3.30+F0+/M.N0/+*N
O+/00N0++/F0+*S30++N.
+.N/.=
;
=
+R33/1.+...+/0?H0.
+1+./*. 1+/F0.+0*+/

&F0JF0+.3/.+.HO.+F0.NJ3*3/0+.*
S..1*.3-.N++.+F03./
+.+.F0.M/3..H*0./+."3F0.30R.0...
3-. 3 H. .*. +0*F0 +. /3+- + /+/ 0?=
/++3+S/0.++H0NN+3+/
+.3../.+.=$/3+.1. =

A

E" 3M*= 4 /3- +. /. 0? / +*
.?3+/=//+ F0..03J3.0+U33+.
/0..
#
.F0N..0..1F03.--.

1-=.0 3F0F01+.+/.+
"" F0..*0.+/0+3+1+J..
>T
==="#=+ 3R=
230
01..03.=+ F0++R3H00?>T>
/J30+-:3++300F0= 0?/R
+"
2/.4U+
F01+J/+/0-.+U+1 2.
-.4U+. 2.-.4+
20-4=.../.++130
.0.+.+3+0F03++-+*0130+=*.
H0 + O 3. 1+" 3 /3 . + 3/ *0 3S +
0O3/0-..30R.."+../..1.0."#
/..0H/R0*0+./0 .0.$&$3+/3+S+/
0 +3++3+/1-+U0?./.3+"
+
*0+- 0.U+ 1
4 F01+.. 4 +

F01+J./=0+.*0*03SH0+.00
-U.+/3R.1+J/M. >TF0/U+0*. N.1+
/M.F00-=+ HR.H03++..+.3F00F0
. . +
+ F0 1+ . 3.. H0. .
1.1+N./1=/3. N++/.30.
+F01+J01U
+
F01+J/.1.U
+
F01+J/+R/3+*0/1J3+=
+
+/3+0.U+
/33F0?
1- 0?U 3 . NJ . +. 0.
""
/
H0/+.++/=*+0.+*13+0+
".30R."

4
.JF0./+
F01+J
"

"4 3+0*H00.+3+

"/.*0+0J

&../*F0+

" H0 0 0 / . 0 0/R 0. 3 /
F01+/+
3/M./.N+..+.-N+.= .
>T>
+ 3J3"X0Y=
>T
+ 3J3"X0.Y=
231
.0/.F0E.0/++ .../S0.+10/+"
.JF0./++....F01+J$

"

"&.3+.
"

*+//.U/F0 $

" 0 $

.+
.*HX11.2/+4...Y=
0?M.//03.F0+.1. +/3+
O.*F0-+0=:0+R.H0+3/F0N-+3+
/" .0 / + ++/ +0*
1+J 1

&
=
1. +/3./..010./.+0 +

../U3+./.J/F0+.O0J..0/*0
/ .* .R3/ J" .. / :01+ N H +
.MO0J=./.13+G ..+JF0++0.M.0
+++0++./..3/1/+*.2/-/O0+04/+
>I+/.+../..+?/+>BU/1. +. =S
2.4F0J/J/...J33+./.F0+.
.0/+1J .+.0...+JD +I+/.=
+/ + 3/ J /. +. T 2+.4 3F0 H0 0. /3.
3/1. F0 0 +. 3JH. /. 1*+. 0 L .0 3 +
30+=./M.J.+/..NM.3+..+.0.
+.+.+/..0.0/3R+../3+0"+I/-3
O/3+++/+ J.+../-D=
232
..F0+33+./..N./.. &+.
/.+./..F0S..1..3/.1F0+?/-
/-= . . /3.+ / NJ F0 0 ? - /.. +0.
.03E//0?.+BTIJ./=#.3..
N..=+R3+.1.. +03/..
+0..O0. 0 /3001.*S+0+/-/O0+0JB>
J.H+./M./..C=/.?BIIJ./.3
F0.+0.+.+
( BJ..*0?3+/
H0/3R.+0*0++.J..30R.+.0.N.F0+
/..
L
NJ 3.= . + 0 E.1U /M.
.1 3 3. 3F0 +. 3JH. ?J J. O ?+.
H/0..01+0+/3/3+0/*3+*+
0/*H/1..-.//3.+.=$3+/3
:0+R.++NJ1H0. E+./..O
.+0.0...33.=O/3+R..0O '
$
/X+@
+ 1 . 3E/Y" + HN + + I 1/= +* +
0/./+HO+S/J.+/./.MN.J+
?BTIJ.1-BIIU+0*/ F00?....1.+J
.E.+.+./-=./H0....J.0
0+0 +?+0+.+1F0+3F0?0.
++*+ /30.*+.H0/0*/=
./.+./.. "

<#

>

P

0.

0 "#N #=$"#7"#&.30R.+/0
:0+R.+/..P

H0++/N.0"

4/ .
+ "
0.

+0* + / > & + .*0 +. HN.
/.+0*+H/R..3+*0.0..HN.
233
0+.3+.F030+0+.HM+/+.=.0">4F0+
//..0 *
$ F00+.3+.H/. T=
G 4 4F0+HN.M+1UB4F030 0.1-3
O/3+ 1
=
. /M./S 1 "
"=

..X.2+0J4+..Y=
%
234
'>E2G++>0'G3=2C<G'>0

l= $:# =
, % ' ' &

#
_ 9& $% %'
#

l$5
= $
>C>C
9&

9
=:0>1J./3.O0+./. +/0..

*.3.+0F0NJ.00?.N+3..
.+=0.3...NM101F0..3J*0+
/..+.O.F0NJ.3+*/3133..0
.+*./.3O..0N3 ...0+..+.*R.
+..3.=
. 3*0 .. 1 01 3.. . + *. .3J
3+/F0+=$3J- U3F03.0/F0N0S/
1J/3..0.F0++F0. *= /*
.NF0N.0+ *.F0/- N+=
.1F0303*0."XZ0.../.N/..+ *.F0R
./.+. *[Y .N/.F0N+ *.+ *.=NF0
.+ */*U33.10N/0N.F0.+ *./+.
+0++..*.3O0.=././.1./."N
F0./*/.00*.+.*H ./"
30.00M+.+0.+103 ../M./.0
*/."3F0++.F0F0..N33+*-+.O.
.++1.0..//0.0++0+..*0+03+0.+0
+10+.30.0. +H.eNM30/.NM+
+...+*/.+..+R.=
>
+ >C>C"X=:0Y=

3#
"#=
236
00+ *../*./0N/M./3F0.00*/.U
3F0 + +
, % #
! %"
#
4 !
#
"+K
*& /+./.../
H0-+*-3+.NN/F03030///3.+.
*.+.++.+./.U3+3F0+/+N//+
+++*0++/=+03/M.HM*+H+O+//M.
+ *N1++*3F0+.31+H00+0++..0+.+.
.1F01.F030.H+..0+./.3
3M..F0NJ13/3.+.= 0.0/?/
+. N/*. 01. + / /M. 3.F0 + + N/ .0J + +.
N/.+.1J.+1..0/..+.N/*.=
.1F03/.N.+*00.0..O.J..F0
3/++.+*S01/.H./R31+*+.
+./+.U31 "#..//F01+
0.+....
"
"() 1 "'

&0+.
*..1.0.0E..++*3+
0+-+...F01+.3+.F0+./3..F0=
+- .+O+/F0.N3+0.+E.+...
+//+/F0+..0..=++ **.0.
.H0-.1*0E0+0+-+./..H0++
- F0N+.N/.3..=$F0NF0.-/./+U
3+ *.++-/.N+3.*0+0
F0++1+1+/+F0./0+.N/.*R
.H0.=
B
%.,=
237
=<
) `
0. / /M. /S - .. .3 F0 . . 0..
./O..F0..+...S.0+/F0.
N.0./O.0..= 0+M/3*+0/.S++.3
F0+.*+0+303F0+....+0N.*0./3+
+M/3*= /H0N/.H0/++F0.0O.
1++/3F0N.N.N1/H0../O..F0
N* ?= . .++J./ / - . .0 + 0.+=

N/++/*1..1 F0+./?.+01&+.+ 0 @.3J
+.+HNJ.R+1/.U3+F010F0
../O.+./.+3J.01+.+H.1..3.NJ
.+/R.J/R+.?.NN.=$3.30.F0
N-1F0NJ-F0NJ=
..++/-./O./O.*?/./0=
0F0++...F0/.F0../O..+.1N.*
.*RU31.3./O...F0+."..3.
N*...3.H0.30./O.3.03EF0
N++.H1.+U/.0...3.30.0/+
1.=$.J/3.+F0+H0F0/.F0.O33.
+.O.+./+*0.01.3H0F0...=
.0/..M0.H-.3+.+03++.F0.1
.3.0./R+.H-.3.1+N+HJ331F0.
.N*=.3F0+/./0.30-+/./H./*F0+H-
NJ++N+/++03=R..J++H
@
+ >C>C"X01Y=
238
./O= F0+H-N./3./3F0++3.0+U.J
1+1R.+++03+.../.F0++0.033.
+/M.HJF0.U1+1+H-+N+./.F0+++
3.+N+HJ=+.3J..+*+1+*+
H0*+.N.+..1..0+-H+.=+1+-+.
.+O+1/..F0+/3.+-0.
+H0*e+0+0F0+*0....+H0*NJ
3/O0O+-R+"3.1F0+-
....NJ.+/F0+-.03+..3F03
++.+.++/+0+.0/0NF0.3+H0*=
.F0. +0+....1../O.3/..3F0.
30-++..0+.3.=././.0..30+././.H.U3
+H0+.M.0M+.0...+././.=..1*0.F0
./0N/M..030+..F0+.F0*+/0./.=./.1.*
F0R..1./3.3.0...1.* N.
0.3 1 1.= ..N++ ! 1
,1 " "

&
1.+H0*.1."+0*+.0..0+....
..3F0+H0*1+0...30.3 +N*0E/
/..30.3 / +=..N/.
.F0R..H1./3+/0 M3+H0*+./+3.
+++0.N0/+F0/++30.
.H0++=$.J./.F00-HJ30./+N*0+
NM/M.?F03F0/-HJ/+F0..M.J*.0/
+U3+/NM/M.F0?3F0H1M++
+N*0+M.J.0/0. =
239
0
! % 1 1 $ "
#* /* !
!

& 3F0H+E/.
N/.1F0++ *.?....H.*++.+.
+0+-U+0.+/.0+."++/0.++..30R.
.0.= ++/ %"

$1
$$
$
"8" #*
) &0.J1.....+F0.0(
+ .. . 3 0 -/ 33 3/. /0
/..0+.+.+0+-.0+.0+.+.
H.F00....../=
.1F0+.0.+++01+1+*-+J+++.0/.
..H/.1.+*0F03.++.0/.0/R
301.* F0NS/0++**H/
303J0+.*0"N++/.F0N0.0.../3*0++.0..
.....=
+%"

$N/.3./+0/.+.+.
+0+-+F0M.0++.=G)
1 (

!
& F0+NS/300.HJ3(
J0+.*030H.F00++1N+.0M1*.
*0=.H+ .H.N.030 F0.+.03..+
/3."+0*30 30HF0++0.+
=03F0+H0++-/..0+.+.3
0 F0 /. / 3 .0 +. +. . 3 +
/ 0.+.= . /* . F0 3/. + -/
01N.F0N/.31/+-/01=
240
.F030.F0/.33/+F00++0+-
.*HI N/. . 3 1 0 . . H .0.
.0.= $ 30 . 0 + . 1 N. F0 1 .
0+F0.0+0+-=0+.H+ .H.++*+0F0
.+.03.J.+N.3031
F0++0F0.003J.+eHF0.J.
1 = M. + /.R 0 / 3+ F0 + O/. +
-/013+0.+01=#/.NF0R..R.=
=Z<
; )
#[
//.0.-/./3+"0*0//+++//0
1/.F0R/.M.0=01/.0.330+N*+
.+*/.3F0/.F0.0../.F0+....0.
//-/.30*0/F030R/.3../"
.+....0./=
.N*.0.=
0*.N*.0/=
F0JN...F0.+.NN.1.."30/.+.
.3/.NN.3/.*/.++...=0++*/.+
/0NN3. NN.H/. -/. N/. .+
/=./.0+/.+0+-0O.
E3/+R+/= .M./../330/O3..
I
?/=
241
0/+/.JE/H0.+...1/=
+330+.0.30.1*0..3+*3+1.
++HU-..+NNF0+....0.
/++*..*3-++0. F0+N*.3+F0/.
+.O..0/=E%
$
"

"
&
E//.N/M.0+.3.F0./3+*0/F0N/.
.033 .+...=R+N...F03F0+.NN.
...++/

& 3/33. .F0X.+....
0./Y+F0.E/+/./F0X.+......0.
/Y=.33. .3.33+.=++N..3...30..
/+ "X..YX..0./Y=0..3.+
33. .ME3.3.030.3+./.+...F0.H
/+/X.Y.M0E/+33. X..0./Y].M
+E/.++/...3. "
E/.+

& 1
+-0 ...E/.+3+X.MY3+F0R./. T +.
3+.F00+.R/.033. .+++/X 30+Y...+ +-=
S.F0+33. 03+F0N/.E/+3+ &.
3+.F0J0M.+....0./U.13.F0
N.F0.0/UF00...N.0./=/F0
/.13.?++
+...F0.0.3/.++//..
3+X.Y+

&
...33...M.0.3/M./.+/.//=0
*"X.N*.0.Y/R0..R/."X.N*YX.Y0.3
+ 30+&+33. F01/.+..3/.+.R/.X.
N*YX..0./Y301O0./R3+/./ 30+&
T
+ >C>C"X.Y=
242
.1MF0R/.0..1.+*0/"X.N*Y.0
+33. .*0+UX.Y+3/.*0UX..0.
/Y+3/=0.E/30.N/.3F00*0/
.+../3.33...R/.F033. .
H/0.+.R/.3/0 30+=0+/.R/.
N/.033. 0+/.33..N/.0*0/0
.=
.R/.O0+.33...03F03..M/.
-J/.3+/S/M.F0./ ..0.=.00
0*0/...N/.*+.F0*0J+U
.3./1+ *".?+.*+.F0.13=F0
3//3.N3..E/+F0.+.
R/.0M.+..++.NU+0*N/.3F0R.+.33..
0M. +.. N ++.= .30R. F0 .3/. . 1/. / 033.
30 3 / + -/ . 1 . 33.. + +.
*0/++/

"&' +
7
$/+0
+. "
++.

++.

"&$.11F0+.
R/. +. 33.. . /M. F0 +. /. .0/. F0 0./. 3
"...F0.3030H../3-33+
0.+..0/.F0./3+R+=/3/.30.3.0+.H.
+..R/.33...+.0+..+*./.=
#=% ; ,
243
#/.F0.++/R/.+."#+...+.3+.F0.13
E3.+...F03/.+ /+33. =.. "#
* 0F0 . +. /. +. .. /3. 0 .*H
.N03 +//+. "# &/M= ="# F0J.+
O03+.F0H/0+.R/.0+..../3.+
33. 0.3/+ 30+=
"# *30/M.0
"# &/M=
.+ R/ 30 /3 0 S/ 1 /.
*/+..0.1.O1.=.1.R//+ *
N/M.F00.+/*/+=0/."X./../0.+.Y
+ R/ 3/ . + ./3+ .0.1 X/.Y + .*0 + ./3+ O1
X/0.+.Y= . /. X *+ . + /3- + Y
0.J+01J0+NJHF0.N?+*+N/.
033. .R/.0+.0+..M/30../."X
*+Y.0R/"X+/3-+Y D .+=F0J /.
++/ *"#.0 3+.F0./."E
G
+F0/R.."3"
%G
&
R/+33.
30++*e.O.3.0R/.+e0S/.+
3+.=*/.N"X+ +OJH0+/M.H/.+/0
*0Y=+3/R/.X++ +OJYUXH0Y.+ 30+F0O0+
3/R/+.*0+.*0R/.+.+H.= 130. /
0 R/ * 30 . 0 S/ H /. .0.1.
O1..+.J0+.33..O0...3+-+.=$
0M.0.+R/F03/0N.3+.0.1..F0
S . ++. NH 0 .+O 0.+ + +.
D
+ >C>C"X*+Y=
244
O.0//..0+R/+33. =#/.N
0M+..+.H.+..R/.=
1.0R/.H/M.F00.+3..+F0N/M.
F00O/3+U..*0+3+30.F0.0+.N/M.F00= N+
033. +X+.0EYF0/+.1O.J.X+.
+F0/Y0..R/..HM0O.+3F00E
N/M.F00+.F0/N/M.F00.=..++/
*.+.R/.R/..*0+.3F0R/.1E+0.1/
3/0.+.=
../*+.R/..*0+.+.F0/M..0.+N++.
.+./.++/F0++.F0.*O.0+.NO/3+.
0/..= *X.++Y.+/./F0.*X+.0EY3F0N
/++. O. ++. +0/.. F0 . . / /S
X.++Y=0*30.F0+..++..03.+...F0.F0
*1.+..++."+R/1+*R..++/..++.
3+F0.+.R/..N+/&.13.?+
/M. 0 O + /./ +. . ++/ + R/ . F0 .?+
.+/ . . O. 3.. F0 .?+ 0 S/ .+
/=X+0+ /Y.R/*+30.F0.**0+/
00+...F0E.NF0+++O.M=X&
Y.R/*+30.F0.*0+.0/.J./.3J0+.
F030++.3+.J./.=R/*+./RR."X3J0+/Y
/M.*+SF0+*030.F0E.+01.F03J0+.
/.RH/=
30N.F0J+.1 F030.F00+...F0. +N
0O/3+/++.0E./3/0N.3J0+./+
245
/+O0.+/.+.3.F0+H/=3 +
*0F0.++/ ..MH//0N.++0.+*./?.J.U
+. . + / 0 S/ J./ .+. .3. * +
RJH"./* .+..00O003=
E..+..0EU.+..=F0JF00..R/.
.0R/.*0+*+3F00R/.*0+30.+/
/0N..../3F0.R...R0.0.+*03+ F0O0
/S+./3.=+..+/0.+.+.0
N3R+*0/.+RJH= .+.R/..+.++/ "

$ 3F0+/F0+H/.+/0N...0.0O0=
,+.+/+1/0N.+.0.U.+ /0N..++.U
/0N0//0N*=
O/. F0 / *+ . + F0 1 /0N. .. *0+ *R
?/. F0 1 /M. .3/ 0 +. .. F0 +
*R= .J.+.+/00+F0+./+3.F0
H/++.=.+.30.0R/*+U+.0R/.*0+
+1=+/0.NH/.+,++0.,M+.
F0.F0N/M.F0++"0/.,++0.,M
/../0*+ +.U30+.+.F0
++ "3F0./0+++//.R/.*0+U3F0./
+ R/+1=N./**S/+.+.
/M./..1.3.+/0U/F0+R/X+Y0F0.
+10.H+.+.+ 30+./M.*+
30.F0+/.//..+.+.+.=#/.30.F0
+/./R/30.+1-+1.*0++1*+U3#"
246

"
$

"

$ "

&
HN+.R/.F0.HM+=0N.R/.N
F0./.O.. +.F0E.3.J/./.F03/./1
/03-0/0.+++= R...N+/ "

+0+ / 3 +. /. F0 30 . 0.. 3+0+" .J
N+/. .. F0++. /. .. +++ /?. 3+.
3J0+./.....1.+.3+3+.=.R...
R/..=
. "
# 3 + . /R /.U 3 E/
/....0+.F03.+...+./++/
+ +3-+ ", +.+ $
+/?=3/.
.3+.3.0/+//.//3/..30/
=O/0N.0+."0//M..3.3..+-
+ 0+ /++ H0.+ 0+ . /0N. 0+."
/ F00 .. 3+. 0 .. R/. . 0 R/ .=
+ 33 0 R/ .+0 30 . 30. 3+0+= 3/.
N+

)
#

3...R/...30.=#
. F0 N+/. /0 "
4 3 . 3+ F0 .
./.0...3+./R/../+H/1.+
3 F0.O.N/..0+...=.
*+ F0 . 3. /0N H0. . 1. +. R/. ..
../0=..31+F0 "

"# 4! "
# "#

&
247
/. N .+ + H F0 E. +. R/.

$ +.

$& /*+*+/.0/ 0 .3F0. .
0+=+//.+*0...X..+++Y3F0.MNN.+++."+
H+.+++/.J3F0.0..+..N=.../.0
/+...3+- 30."3F00+=/..J0
NNEF0.X/3.+Y3F0.+-+U0.0.F0.X(
3+/Y0.O0.+.*+.F0N/.+..0..+.
+/.U0.X/.Y.*H0.F0N./F0.
+F03F0.30/U0.03HX.*0+Y.F0++F0.M0
/./1+3*0+UN/XNM+Y.++/F0+F03.
+0+.NM+=..."/3.+(3+//..*0+NM+
.R/.*1.=0N.1..0R/*1F0/-0
+.3J0+./( /F0.*H/U(/HF0.*H
.H/U(.+U (=N/R/0N.R/.F0
NH*1.0F0/-*0..3J0+.=J.F0
03-/+./++0*+3./++30++*1J.+0
+M/ +*U . . 30 N. + 3- /+ /. ++F0 .
X/++Y=..3+./030..0+0*++//.+3-
/+XF0-YU+F01.+R/XF0-Y+*1X/++Y=
. /./ / X3Y N 1 . + *1 .3U XH+.Y
1UX.YNS/U M.3.01= 0/+...R/.*1.
F0 + . 3 .+ .0 . 0F0 H/ *1= X(0/+Y .
3./+*1+R/X0/+Y30./*MH"R..+F0
.30UF0R++F0E.+S/F0/0=0.N+
-...N+.X1.Y.+*1X3.YX3.Y+*1X1.YU

+ >C>C"X+Y=
248
.F0+1J./=:0C N0- 03.F03J
.*00/.F0.01.3.1.=
+./.H0.3H.R/3.J.0.3*1F0
.*H.++F0+R/H/1=..0.1.O1.J
./M.+.F0N3H.3O.= .J/X1Y.0*1
X1Y X30Y .0 *1 X30Ye.J X/+Y J + .0
X/+YU1-NX.0Y+*1X+Y.JX+YX(
+Y=.+*0.+030..3..S+./
..++.+.+*0.+J=.++/.+./.F0N
N/+**++J.*0./3H+*1H/
/ +. *+. *MH. 3 + 3. +. 3HO.

+.
R/.3.1.+*++.H/+**=+..
. N++ /M. *1. F0 F0++. F0 N 3.3 + 0. /M.
. /3+= + .3J0 JH .+ .- 0. R3 .M
3.++/.0RH1+0 0.+*0O=
/0H0..+.0/0..0/*0+3 .R/.
*1.0+.0+.E3.++0.00++//
*++=+R/X3F0?Y.++*1X*Y
3F0 30 N .. F0 . *. 3F0?. . /? /= +
*1*.J(*+0++0J+1-+* /3F0?U
+/.//+*13F0?.J(3F0?F0.01-+0J+/
+*=././.0+.R/."+HJ+.03.+*
F0+..JR/.3H/30../.F03HJ.
+0./3++3.0++H++0-+0+.0
F0/. 0 /. XHJY X.0Y= N. +*0 HJ 3
C
+ >C>C"X=:0Y=
249
/0NF0+3-+.F0.JS+=.0.
/*+0+0.++=0/.oHJoF0/.
X3+YU3XH+.+0+Y= .J0.0.F0
.MX+YF0/.F0N++X+Y30.F0...+N
+*1+.J.XF0++F0N+YU.F0XN+.
/M.F0/+Y0*1.MXF0++F0N/M.F0/+Y
+0+1-+...F0.M/30/+.F03J++/.HJ.=
03.30.*F00..R+.F0H/F0.MHJ
3F00F030.31++.3F0.*++F0.M
+30./*.HJ1J=
#= &% 9 ;
.++*M+.*H ++.R/.....1
0F0..*H.H.U0

"
4

!

&
010H/+.00H+.+*0+. /M.+.1+.+
++/ X0F0Y 3F0 / 0 F0 .M .0 3 1* ++1
/J. 3.O. 0 3+ = $ HM H+ F0 * + /./
3*++././.0..+++/R/RX0F0YUF0/3*03
F0R+++/.J+RF0/0F0.HM//N
NH+.+*01+./M.+.33+./...M0+
++1H0.030e./3F0++/X0F0Y0O
F03....30+."+NN3.+.33+*0++1
03J./J.*..+F0.0+X0F0Y//01++/+
./"/F0+R/X0F0Y.*H. ++..+.0/
250
.F0N3.3F030../+.=3+
R/X0F0Y.+/+.N*S/0F0.F0.0/
.3+/+A (++$
+3"+<!&@
+ R/*+ 0.*H +" 3 03
1+...+.0+.
43.*H /3+/1.
+.0+.30+.F0+...F0./
"
&.+ *.
F0+S/..+.0+..3+0R/.+.
+R/U
F0+S/0+.30+./3+.+.....0

F0.+
0+ F0 +*0. +. * 3 + /

"
& 0 /3/. R/. F0 .J 0 3 /S
1./.. .1.0.1.*.E. =//.3
O/3+ + R/ X0F0Y /3R/.+ + R/ X0F0 13Y=
0+/N/M.0F0.F00F0.1330.F00/.X0F0.
13Y E+0/. +. 1+ . H/. +. 13 .+/ /. F0
0/.X0F0Y/3/.+.13+.1+=/F0?
X 13Y X0F0Y N/. 0*/ + E. + R/U 3N/.
0/.0 3F0X0F013Y.J+F0.
X0F0Y/M.S30.F0.F0+0F0.M/1313=
?/.1J3+"/3+R/X0F013NR+YX0F0
13Y+E. F001030.F0E+0/.+S/+.
0F0. 13 /1. 3 0.U 3 / + + / +
.*H N.+/0/3F0..0/
3.F0R/./01+OF0.++/X0F013NR+Y= ..
R/.+/./.X0F0*013NR+Y+R/.
01J/M.301/E. 30.F0+.0F0.13
>
!)X&
251
NR+F0.*0+R/U3/+R/F0/M.H
3.E3.1* =$..H0-S+R/03+F0
30+/M..0.*H +/.//3F00+S/+.
O. F0 + R/ 30 3+. .*0M + E. // +
/./."X0F0*0M13NR+Y=0O/.
X0F0Y+R/.+.HM.H+.O.3+.N/.3
3J./.U.R/S+/+3+X0F0Y1/3/M.
F0+S/..HM.1+.F0+ *+.N.03H.
+.F0+F0.0./*.= ?/.3H+R/F0+
3+X+/Y+0+.+0F01+OH+.0*/.
X0F0*0M+/13NR+Y=E. F00F0
+R/0F0E3.F0J/M.F000F0.+3+. N*
F0+R/.13.*0//.0F0.+./M.=
#=
,
..3-/0.+.3+.33/=
3

)

#1 " "+0+
F0/.F0+./M.3.+J+3+1+.=../3.+3..
1+/+.3+.33.3H+O+3./..*0F0.+
0.+.3+.3J/.N+./M.0....=
N./*0./M.H0F01.O0.H+..F0+H0. F0
+.H.3.0/./3+=
3+ *+. . 30 .1 O/3+ ." X*+.Y .
*+/+H3+++./.S+..3+.
252
./.+*.." >>/F00.0.+3+..3.
NM/1F01 =/R./S++/X*+.Y+O0*.
F00/./+*.0++1*0+.."R..
+3 +3+0.X*+./Y/0*.F0
+..++* +(3. +(/X*+.&*YX*+. *+Y=
0.F003..N3.+*+./F0F0N
3.+/*+.+*0/.F0N/.0...3+.
.+/=./M.0.+3+*+.HR.+
.033/.N0/M.*+.F0+.0.U/F0..
+*...F0.0.+...0.*+...31.3+M
03.03.R//SX+*+.Y.*+..1..30..=
1J/H0. +/3+.3+3F0/M.+F01
E3+.0+/RE3..+++O03..F0**+
0+.0+* +*030.F0+3+*.+3.+
/.//F0..0+0.+/+3+..*H0.1.++
+ O0+0+.+.N/.NNH.0/.1.
.3 . 1. + 0 . /M. .N / .03
*.J/./=+.3J..F0N3.3++* 3.+.
.. . N .01 /H. 0/.. +. H0.. + 0. .
3+.0303F0++J./M.+/*+.+0 /
0?+*.+.J33..0+./3+.F0/M..0
..0....0.H0..03S++.//.+*+.
.01+..0.+/3+=+.3J..3...3+30+/+
R/X+*+.Y0...3.0O.+.30++
0. + . 3 + /.1 33 + /3+ . + +. 1.
>>
+ >C>C"X+*..Y=
253
3..0.//.F0.+.3.F0+...H/3.
R+=$.*H..+O03..F00/./+* U.+
O03..F0/0H.SR+3+...0+*
.0+//.+=
/0N...+.3.1..03+.M/.F03.
.0 0. /M. + . F0 + . 3 30 0 3*/=
X+1Y.0N/3O00M.0UX*++Y.1+
1-3.*+1/R.+N/U+3+XY.++/+
../+/ F0..0+.0O+.H/.++/F0.
.0JN.N3/3+.*.. +/+=.1.
N1H0..0+/0/./3+.*.*H
+/1..U3+F003+/./.+/M.0/X1YF0
0.1++J$
".*H+O0*H/+010.1
$
H/++1$
./33.+1X1Y/0./O/.
1+3/1+=F.3+...U30.+33. F0
//0./.+N+./3/31+1X3Y0
0/0+,.+=..3+..*+/.
+ 0. F0 HJ+/ 30 /. .3 ++. /M. F0 F01.
1+0.=
+/3+...+.3+.1/.0.*H 3*.
0F0..1J.03 3/S./3+ ++=
X0+Y. +33++0*.O0-*+.0..+.N
. 3 0+ /M. /S/ + *03 O0. F0 + .
.=XY. 3/++/F03J3S++.
. N 0 . X+ Y . *+/ + O0
254
3*1..3F0+.H..+/F0J.10+.
+..=
+.3+.F0./M.3..0..+/F03/.
H0HM+/0.0..*H.+0+F0+...
++/ # "#
30. F0 ++. N 1*0 H0. 1.
"#
Q&.3+.N.+.F0.13E3....
.. + .3J0 F0 .R/3+/+..H= $ . F0 ./.
N+/.//3././.3*.J/0.*+.3+.
F0H+O0/+/30+3.0.3./=33+
+*0O?.+H0-+..=.H0F0
e/1/.F0J3././+e*1+0/*1.
H0....*0+.3/00.F0.0..03 33+.
1.+/=
.. /0 /3. N F0 3 . /3.+ 30/ +
.*H 03+=X.Y3O/3+1.3.=$.+H
3/.0./+..03F0+N/N++=$0.
N+/.."X.00Y0

F0/R=0. .F0+N*+F0
30++/.+N .30++O0.+.3+.H-.+
H/+=*+ 3 O/3+++/X+.Y++/F0 . .0
.0+1+..0.+.=X.Y.03 +H11.
*03.3..F01101.H/+.U30..H/+..0
..+*033..F0N3.F0R../M.F00+.3.
+.=#R.30.0M3.30..30.3+.0
3 30=
255
#=9$<
; %
$N/.1.F0++./M.0/.R/..+F0.13/
O..*0+..F0++.F0.3+/0N.O.0/./.3
0++.e/XN/YF010+../++.
N/.11./0.=/.++/.+.R/. "
/N
?/.F0..3R/..F0++F0.13/
&..HO+.*H .3+&
'
)
"
"1 #$"1 "*
!
"
"
" &N+1.30//++
...1.J./.3.00+/SF0+./3.".
.+.= .J/./0N..0..O....F0N/./
.M0./++.#&..+.O.1... +.
./O.0.0.0+."++=....0+.+/0N..0.
0+.=
+...++/X3+0/.Y/33O/3+O.NN.1.
3+0/.13+.+./0N..0..U./*...
O.../ON..0.3*3+*0...
.3+1/+.H*0..+33+=
.0H0+0+J.//M.S+.3+.1+1/+/F0
+*0++.H3/+.O.H/.*+++.=
' # "
1 $ (
$ "( 1 " & '
)
"
" )
"". ! % "*% +0
*+-+./3++.H " 1 #"#*
256
)""(8
!#$& 0+/N+H0-
/+33++.+-+.O.++*/+
NM+.H3. 3-+.O.=+0++.H +
+*303..+..*+.F0.3N.
0+.J33+.H0-..3M0+.01.+.F0H+0++=
.00.*03.3F0?.0/.J./.NN..+...
F0 NJ /0 O. + O + /= . +. O. F0
.+++*N0/F0R..+.+..F0+.
O. M+*. 3J ++* O/M. .F0 / +. O.
+/+.=/++.H 0O./++./++.
1. O.= +.H . 0 /M. /0N .0 + /1++.
/J+J/+ ++*J*0.+=J.E0
+ +.H F0 . + 30 + =eE//. 0 O/3+ .++=
+.H/.0/./*03+...+.3F0.3.*0+3+
++0-=N../M. H..J F0+ +- + 1 + + +
3+". +.3/.+*0 ./O- ++. 3F0E30.. > .
++.++0-H0.1.+/./+=.F0301..3
010+.+++.0H0+*.+.O.+././
*.3+H+O++0-.+1"3.30.- F0.01.
30.31.0+-++++0-+.+.H+OJ.
++.+/.//F0.+1J.0.O./3. R=+/./
/0F0/.F0++0-.H+O./.F0N/.0..0..+."
3F0N.+0-0N .03/.+N+0 (
/.33+30+/0++/.+.3.= N0/00
3 H 0.. 1. F0/. 0. N /O +0-
>
+ >C>C"X.30..Y=
257
*0./.F03++3+/0+0+M0..0.+
+0-H+O.++./.F0/+3/0.0..J++0-
31J++0..0.=.1...1+++3+1.+
H+E.1.+++...+."3..1.+
+.3J..+..1/0/0N.N.+F0.3F0.J.*
.+.N.+3+..+.+++1E.+0..03.=
....0+.S+.0/..+1+*+F0.+F0
+.O.+.H+O+..+0-=
.M..+.F0.+.0+.03.+0+-*
33+/.0..0.+.H.3H.+./+./+.
3+.3F0. +3/++.H .3.++/. >B
S/..11.=.+..3.*/J.+0+*++
1+.1..1.+/J-30/./+./0.?+
=+F03.+*./.,M30.H0+.0
3+ 3 + +. +. */J. = /. 0. . +/
33+/ +. 30. . +. 3+. . /0N - F0
*03+F03.+..1."F0JF0+1OF0.3
+1.0/N+./+/30.//+.
H0..+.3+.=++F0+3+.F0+.
M.++/#
S/M0.0.H0.3F0.F0..+.3+.
....1..=/./30.+.H+.H0.+
+.SF03+/JHM++/-++=
M3/
.M 00M 3 +/F0 + +.+.H. 3 1
0+F0..3+.F0N+++3.3.F0N+..0/0=
>B
+ >C>C"X/.Y=
258
../O+.+..+..0....11.=.33.
+ +. XN/Y.E/ 0/.." +. F0 N.0 /J
.0E0..+0+H/F0++0*F003N0.
/S.0+ 1 *+M0+ 1J. O + *./ N0/= +. 1..
0..F030N0N/H.++/ *
&
*/S.0+30.//0N/F0U3E.
.*0 . +. N/. / F0 + 3.. . /S.0+ 0 * . 0

+.N0/=/R+..0..F0J/.*S/33.
/.= 0F0J/.00-.+.3.+
.30R..E3/.F0.M/30.+.
.F0R/..0HJ+.+..+./+.F0J/..M.
..+./.+H0*"3F0+F0J/+.33.++
F0+.+.M/30.=
/.3./**0++.H+.O..*?.
3./O-.E./3=..F03/0./O...+
+/=.++.+.H.+.0*..1./+.11+/+
/.//F0+.3.U.3+H/++..*+/+.H.
++.=Z<0RNJN++..E.3+*..F00
++++[0.3..../+..+3."/M.F0
+. 3. . ./O +. ++. 3. . 0S3.= 30 11
/O+*0.3+F0+*0/11+.3+.
3..F0F0.++.03H1-03/+=/./
.0+./0R+*.".1F010+33./.+.H+.
+.1.3F00F0+...0.+./+.+.1./M.+
0+-+..F0++.3MO.=.M..+0/3+.H+.
3+.*+.0/?M+.0..N.U3N./.F00
259
M+30+.1./M../O+0+N++F0.
M+..0/./30+=03./O-.N++3/1.+
/*+H0.U3..H++*J3+
M.F0/.3+./0.=+/S30+./M.
F00.3N+.++1?-S3+/./H/+
F0+*N0/++..++.+.=
+ +.H 0 + O. . +//. 0 *03. +. O.
+/ ./O. . F0 .01/. /0 +. / +.. /M.
3F0?. .*S + / / S/ 0+. F0 + ./O-
*+0.*S+//*F0..0+.../O=
+.*+.0..+.3O/3+30.01.+.+..30+.
.0..+.. +..0..+.H+0.=/./0S+/.F0
.*3.J/./.0M0+..M++//.++./
F0+./M.3F0?.+.1.+../M.3F0?.F0..01
+/
&+*R./+M+-0.F0.J/
0.+..3./+M+-+..0.NO.=.X.0... +.+.Y
.0.30/01. +*RX.0..+.Y= //.X.Y
/0*RX+...11YF0.0+....M0.3+
*RX.Y".//.X+...11Y/*RX+...11
+++Y.M0.3+*RX..11YX+...11
/Y=$/N1..+..+++.1J3/.//*RX+.
..11+++Y+...0+.+..+++.M0+.
.3..*R=
./01/HJ+ /.30+.301
/M.0+./+../M.3F0?.=+//M./S.+N
01-..3.0..+.0.1.+.+1.+//
260
3.+*R= 3./.0F0.+/.//33./.F0N0F0.
1+0F0.13/.3F0?./1.3/.= 3./.
..*+30..00/3/.//F0.++.+.+.
++. +. /0+. +. 0. +. /++. +. +H.= 0/.J./. +.
.01..F0.*+3+/0.3.+*RX+Y"0.3.
++..++.&*HJ.+..%J...
+..+J.J1+..J.#O."N.3+
1.F0*.0.3M+*+*RX+Y"+N/NF0
.+ " E. 0 + 0 3M/ +. 3 F0++ F0 N +*
3.=$./*VF0R/0N0//.F0R./.+0
F0R0.+ *...3/*..++.H+.+.W
3/+0*./F0+..3.+..3F0?./.F0.R/0
.//+0.+..F00..*03
.J03H/33= 1/.+.N.0
N/. /0O. ?. /*. 1*. *. ./0. EO. //.
0/..H+.++.H 3F0+./*.*../0.+/./F0
+.H..30.N/./0O.?./F0..+. 01-0
.3 F0 +. /3 . 30 . . + * +. 01 /
3..330.F0.3S+.F0+*R
S/.33..*0+.E+0.1.+.10.F0++.3
F0*S/3+.10.+.+*R=.1*./M..
H0H0/+./*.1..N/F0.N
HJ+.+++.. +*0=
. . +/./F0 +. EO.
30./M.*../0.=M.HJ+.+.H+.+.3.F0
+.+..0-./0/.0.033/F0
3.0.3+.+F0*-1./.F0.0.1..1
261
/3.+E+0.1.033=..*0F0NMH0. +..3.=
+.+303O/3+.*0+O0.+0+
.3+..++..%J..=.F0
*MH./N. ./F0+,*HJ0F0.0*R3
.+ *//M.F00/+.=*+.+/0N+-0
+*.J./0.H/...0" >@' 3"F

0 + 30 3 .0 H/ +. + .3 +. H 3 .0
.?-.0++./J+J=.1F0.../3
H0..H.+.M+*.+.+J./0N..3J.
0N++..3.+1-0+.1.*03.F03.0.
.0.1..M+303=
.*0 +0* . 3 3+ F0 3 0/.. F0 . +. .3. F0
1/.*R+..3F0F0H0++.+*0+.O.
F0H/3+*R=0.N+M/.+...*3./.
+. ++. /0+. 0. /++. +H.U /. +1/. +. ++/. /+.
.*...+.F0*0*...3F0/0+
0++.N+.3-+..*=$+1/.+.f.+U >I
+.0.F0/..*.0.1.3.+/0=0F0./R
N+/.N3+.+.H/.+3/.0F0.1+13
/"3//....3./++.0F0.0./1.3
13.30/*0F0++ >T+0F0U++..
+F0.3/0..+++N/. ++.U + +.
/.F0.+0+/30O+.J.+..01O
10+.HJ+..=
>@
0=
>I
+ >C>C"XNY=
>T
+ >C>C"X+Y=
262
...H0+..1.1+3H/R+ *
$

!"(1 "1

! & .J.1+...11+.3F0++.F0.R
NN.+++++.F0+.R..+1H0..3F00.
11N. +++ .+. 30.3. +.
0+F0F0.+/+F0.RNN+.3+...F0.
+++=..1O.1+*R01-/0N..3.=
03*/.30//F01+...11./" >D
+30./OMF0+...30..0../+.=+.
.+ /R++ 0/0N....NO.3+/U+..F0/+.
11..1U 0.+.H0..NN..+.
30+.M+.*/=
.+.H0+.+ *..M.+1./.101-+.
..11/M...3../"
. /3+/ .*0 F0 . 1. F0 /3 3 .3
3.+.113F0.0..MNN+++3
/N1J0+F0+..01..F0/3+...
F0.N/3+++=
1/. +. .0.. . .3. .0.. . +. . +. NM
.0.F0F0/300.3F0+1-3-+.."
3F0 0 03 30 0 /./ /3 . . + .+= . 1 F0 N
1..*..+-F0..0../++F0M++/-+F0
0.+.+?+.3.NO..0..+JF0.3.0.
./. +=/. +..0.../. +.30.+0.++.
.0... +..F03.*0++.+.3+. >F0
>D
+ >C>C"X/Y=
>
+ >C>"XY=
263
.. +.= H0.3J/.N001+..0..*+0..
./H+0.3.3.+01.+.H.../3
+/.//=*J/..J0.+.H./+..*0."
,.MN+.O...+.H 3F0+..0..+JF0.
.*+0... +.UF0+.*....*+0... +.+JF0.=
. 3.+ F0 . N++ . .0 H +*0 * 3F0 . +/
./.+F0.03.. +.*+0..+JF0.*...NM.0.F0
F0/30..1../M.F00=$/N.
O.+*++*/+M.3O/3+F0.3*0+.
+..O.. +.*+0..+JF0.*..../3..0
0+..3.O.. +.*+0..+JF0.*...=
. / +.H +. .. 30 3 1 3 . + S
1/ + *= . /M. /R. 1 0 *R .3. . + .M
..3*+././330F03-3/1.
.0.H/R+=
/.E/+F0N/.0//.+...11.
+++/0.3+*R$
$
&.F0N0S//0N
/..11+++F0..113F0+.3+.
+++F00+/E+0.+.3/N+...
N = #/. 30. . + 3/ . F0

.
"(

1 & 0./..*H F0+*R3F0N
/. O. ++/. X.. 11 +++Y F0 +. F0 .3+ /
*+X..11Y=.N/.*H +.3F0
+*R3F0+.3+0+S/+.O.+.?00+F0
+.E3+/O=X.11+++Y/.F0+..MNN
+++.=++*0O+ *E3.J/..0/.*H +
264
.3F0

"!

1 /X. Y.*HF0J
+S/0+.F03.+.O.++.=
0+ F0 0- + 1. 0 *R . /M. .3. . ++/

)
& +.F01/.E/+++++.NN.+++.+
0.F0.*0+.3X..11+++Y.+./M...
11=/F03+01.3N/.NN/M.F0?0
0++.NN++++./M.F03./S.+...
11=..0+./0..+...F0.+.+*R0.+.
0+...0+...e+F0.++/ *+
)

e.0+..3.=.1.+H +.3"
"

" !
)
F0.+0+30++*03=
)

" "

"

3.E0F0RO.30+.0M+.=
./3/+H0+H+/+.+..+....+.0+.
.0/.U 3 R. .0+ . /0 HJ+ = . . + H + .
11+++..M?+0+F0..+
)
E3.
+.3+.X+++Y+H +.11+F0.01-3J.
H?+0+F0.*0+.....N +N/
E3.+.3+.X11Y+H X.Y=
.03.30.F0.+.0+.+.N.+0.
.0H =0+30.3.J3+*0.+.10.++.
3./F0.0+3J+0.+H =+++.
O.+.-0+."+3.++O+.+++.H/M30.3
+H ..11+++.F0.M0

&

/.30.0+F00+0.F0303+
+. F0 + 3 3 ./ . +/= .
265
0+.F03++.F03..../3
+H = ..0+..+.++/
&J/.3O/3+
F0. 033. +... 11+++.0+.= .0
33++.X..YF0.0./=.033+0/.
+.*/J.+.1..=
$ . NM 0M /3 . 3 +.H H +. O.
33/30.F001-F0N/.NN.+.33.F03
+....H..H0-+*0/0.0++.H +/=
.+..+.0+.+.O.F0.U+*0.
++..1..M+ .N.0+.=..E3+/0
+. H*0. */R.= H/. + .3
( F0 . + F0
/3 )

"
& + *R . XH*0
+JYH*0/30./+J..U+H.X.+.Y
3+0++.M*0+...*0+.H*0.0/M.+.=+.
M*0+./M..H*0.+J..+..33.1+.
3/.=..M*0+.0M*0+0..0/1+./3/.
M*0+..= .+30/+.-0+J330+++
F0++M*0++..+J..0M030/S+/./
F0+.+J.-./F01./.M*0+=$N./0N.
0.. /0. . +. M*0+. / . HM+ 1 0+F0 E
&/JU .. 0.. /0. 30 ++/. -

( &/.H+J0+"H*03+00.30..F0.
0/./30U3+.33.+.J0+..+/0/..F0
. +0.H .F0.HJ+N+++./3+.++*0=
#=
266
$/..0H+0+-0.+.R/.+ *."/.N
+.*03+ *F0+.33..=#/.+33F0
33. S.R/.3/01F0.+/
&30.O0-*./.- +F0/./.
F0 //. 3 / + 30+ + + F0 E. +. R/.
H//.0.= /.X+Y.?/M.3M+
F0F0/..N/.F0+*=3M.3..*0
*F0/.- =./.X+.MNS/Y+.F0.30
O0-*.+F0++...MH/+F00.33. H/0R/
+=
/..E00M+.+.*H 033. =
R. + O/3+" X. /. . /M+.Y= F0J /. 0 R/ *+
X/.Y0R/*+X/M+YNN/+=
33. .+ F0 + 0+ . NN. /+ . /S . +.
/.=./..+...+.0+..N3./30+/
.33. "3..F0+R/X/.Y.+ *

&+
/3+....+.0O033. F010./3/
R/++=.30R.+.0OX+./.Y1+ 30+X.YF00+.0O
+3+F0+0+F0/.NF0+.0O3.... " (
&
.S+/R/F0/3+++3++.0O00+0..
++/+
+33. =F
.3+1++JF0.*H+
F0.+F0. H/.+=.30.033. .0O 30+
3+F0N/./+./.=
J/. E3+ /R / + .*H 0 33. 3
1J/.+/./.0+=*/.+/00
267
1J/O.NN./+=0/."X+./..MNN.
/+Y .*0/. F0 . +. /. . N++M +. .. NN. /+=
30R/./*F0.+.O./M+.F0E.+
1..0.
0.+/ .M/.+0*./ O./M+..+./.
NJ/...+./.F0E.3F0.N0.+*0.F0.01
+.030./ .JNN./+30.F0.+...NN./+
.M+/ =.0+30..F0033. +.3F0
/.E3+H/F0 * "#
"

"! ! "#

& .J + 33. " X. /. .M NN. /+Y eXNN.
/+Y.+3F0/3 0/3. +/+
/.F0+.0O" /3 . + +...
" &
/.NF0033. ./3.0O 30+3+.
+33. +/./F0+.0//.=./0H0+.
+N++.= 1.+.R/.+33. F0+/
1.F0+33. 33+31-33+.0O
R.F0+H+33. JF0+3/0/."
X,. . +. 3H.Y X/. . + 1Y= .. .. F0 .
0/.J./.0++*0O+.3../M.10+*.0.0O0
.3+M+.3+..0.*H 0M+.+.0O0M++3=
....0F0.3./3+1.+ 30++1F00+.0O
+3/0."X+.+++YU3.F0F0N 30+
+33. .F03+0+-++*0O+ 30+.M00/./
3+ + 3" X+ .+ ++Y F0 " X+ .+ . ++Y X.M ++Y=
e + 3 + 0+ F0 . 0 + .0O N F0 F0 +.
268
33.."X,..+.3H.YX/..+1Y+3+#

F0E3.+0+F0..3+.3H.+3+ "F0E3.
+0++1.+.3.30.F0.O1.F0E3../3
0+.= .++ / + +J 0 .+ 3+ . 1. 0
33. /0."X /Y=Z<0RNJN++H/./.O
R.>CF00/0.0./M.M3.F0..[X+*0R11JY"
.J+/.O=NJ.3+../*NNJ.33..=
$N/.1F0NH.+..33..=F0++1/.+-
3++.33..)
"
$& ++.H/1.

$1 )
"1 * (

F0+.0O
3.+0+0.F0E3.+3=0/."X./.
./0.+.Y3./.+/.//3.+....X/.Y
X/0.+.YU+0/..*0F0+./..0+..0..
/0.+.+./+ ++?++*.0..0....0/+
H0*= . + 0 /0. . +. .0.. /0.+. .*0 F0
H*0J./0.+./.=+/.//.NR/.0/0./.
H*0JR+*0.0./0.+=.33. *1H/30.F0+
.0O+33+...+0/.3.F0*SOF0
3- 0 .. . +.. 30 3 + = F0 . / .
/0.+= F0 . /0.+ . /= ,.M 1 0 33. .
1F0.1* 3/3F0+33. .*1=
1.+0*.0. *"(F0*0/S/M..+0=
+.33...1.+/H/1.*1."*/..
3. + F0 30 . 1. 0 / /3+/ .= .

H/0/3.1+3+.0O
>C
:0+R.=
269
H1/F0+.0O*+0+F0+3E3.F0+1*+
0. F0 H/ + 3" +.

. + H/J F0 +
3 1 + .0O O . . . .. /.
0..=0/."X +*0.MN1.+YN/.033.
N3RF0H/F0+*0..0.H/...3./
++...F0F0/.+.F03.+...0.M
N1=X +3 +1.MNS/NE3+. Y"R..033. N3R
*130.F0H/F00+3 +1.RNS/H*0M+./.
E3+.1.=.33..*1...*0../3F0++1+3J0+
X.YU 3 . 30 . ++. F0 H /0N +. 33.. F0
++1/. ..= 3/ .. . 33.. N3R. 3 O/3+
F01+.H/1"X+*0+.+Y=.*0F01+.
*1"X3 +1NS/NE3+. Y=
E.0+.33..++/.
!
$ HM+.3F0
++1+O0 &X.M*0+...0..*0.Y=X+JF0.+
+M/3*.F0=Y/.10..33..N/M.0
3.0M+++.3+.0O.F00...3
0.=+JF0.++M/3*../3...
F0 . . F0 . = 30 +* 0 0 3= .
33...01../0/3.3/M.HJ+.F0.+..
33.."0/.E3+M+..30R.F0N/.3+/
-3.+*./.=
$ ./. F0 +. 33.. 30 . H/1. *1.= 0 H
/R+F0 *.++/+X

Y& +
33. .+3 +.0O+0+1+3=.33..
/H./..*S.//.+0.*++
270
33. U.*S1* * +3 "!" R+=
/."X.+.0..M/30..3J0+.*0Y+.F0F0/.
F00.0..+/ .H/3.3.O1N/.F0
++//. + .MH/. 0/.. 3J0+. *0= /R N. ..
H/.3J0+.*0/+.0/.+13++=030.F0+
3.33. /301.+/.+.0.0++.
+O0++.+01.+++.30.F0N0.++0+
/3 . / .M . +. 0. H/. 3J0+. *0" 3 .
++//..33.

$&
. /." X +*0. 3.. . ./0.Y + + .0O .
01.+3F0.+.3...30+30.F0. +H//.F0
X+*0.3..Y03++.03 3..../0.=..
33..F0+3. +103 03+.0O.++/

&3. 01.++F0/3.+.10.+
.0O=3. 30++F0. +/303..10.O
H0+33. 3++.=0/."X.+.0..MNN.
3J0+.*0YH//.F0N0F0.RNN++.U0/."
X +*0.3..../0.YH//.F0.+*0.3..+.N.
/0N.F0+.=$/+33. . +.H03+.0OX3..Y
.33.
&3+.0O+0+.H/+330./
/..*H..+03F0+33. /3
+.0O.M33. 30+=F0J1..*..0O
1.. 33.. 30+." X. .0/. . 3.Y" X0N.
.0/. N+ HR.Y" X / 3 +. /. . 3. 3 0
..+ /Y=.33..30+.30.H/1.*1."
. /." X. *0. 3- . 3+.Y N/. 0 33. 30+
271
*1"*13F0*/.00+.*0.3-U30+3F0
. +.+*/..*0.3-F0.0.3.*0.
3- F0 30 . . .*0. 3+*= /R +. 33.. 01.+.
30.*1.H/1.=/F0/...0++1/.
. 0 +.. 33+. 33.." 33.. 01.+. H/1.
33.. 01.+. *1. 33.. 30+. H/1. 33..
30+. *1.= 0/. . +* /M. 1J .. 0 +..
33..=
0 3+/. 0 0+ ?/. 0 0. . +. O/3+.
.+.10..+.../3.0/./R//.F0N/.
/+R/
$" /.+.+ *.F0 "
(

#
U
F0+R/N.3++0+?+0.UF0F0
H0+.0 +0+3+*010+*0+R/UF0+
0+.N3.+.10.+R/=+33. "X.+.
/..MNN./+Y+R/X/.Y/E3+/...M/
01.+/...03F0F03+*0+.0OF0/
+*0+F0/3+0++3+0+.NN/+=
+
.M/F0J. +0/30+.M.030.
F0N/0N.../+F0./.". +03+.../+.
/"+330..30+=.+./..../+U3.
+.../+./.=+R/X../+Y.M.0.M
+.M3+3.M*0.X/.Y30.
F0H0+./.N./0N.../+=/.30../3F0

$)
"
$/R.F01/..0

# ! * 4

# !
&
272
/. 3.. /0N + + .*H E 0 33.
/*F0+...F0N+/..M.J0+./3MO.0
3O= /* F0 . +. .. NN. /+ . + . +. .. .M
/3.+J0+/+%*0>.+./.+J0+/=
/+J0+/.M+/1.+/F0.+./..M
+0.+...NN./+30.F0+J0+/+0+.M+
+./..M+/++../+=..J0+..M.13
E3+0M0+.R/.M+0+3+/E+0
++=
.0/. N 0 33. 01.+ *1= X*S N/ N .
N3 =Y1/+0+.N3 .0F0J.+.N/.
N./F0+.0O.M.0U3+3XN3 YZ.M/
/R.01.+[.3N/.1./.E/.
+.N3 ..F0N++.*SN/N=.//.
.0.+N3 .0+F0R..0N/N0.33.
.M1=33. H/30.F0*SN/N.+/./F00
N3 F0N.3 .+0...+..F0*SN/30.
+1-NN3 =
+ J0+ F0 .03/. .M . . +. N/. N. 3
/3+/.3+F0.03/.F0.+.N3 .= 0+F0
+.3.0+.J0+.0.030+F0+03+.
N3 . .J +. N/. N. . J . F0 3.+
30/3+..+...N3 N+/.//3..JF0
+33. ..*0F0.3.+F00N/N.N3 *S
N3 N/N=+*/.30../3+0. F0/R/.
0"F0

$
$

# ! "
$"
273
* !
&.+.N/.N..MH0++.+.N3 .=
.+.N3 ..MH0++.+.N/.N.=
/3/.HM+/F0

)
"
$

# !
*

& //. / O/3+ . 33. " X. 1+. .
+..Y=..NF0+.0OX1+.Y.M.03F0+
33. .30+".N+.1+..=/3+3.M
.0U3F030.03F0N/.F0F0.1+..+.
S.O.+..=/0+0H+.H..0..*RF0
/R.+../M..1+./F0.33. .0
*+ *."X0+.1+..0+...+..Y=+3
30.+/./F0+.0O.M/F0J30+/.0=
F0J 1. 33.. . /./ *R" X0N. 1+. .S3. .
30+Y"X/3+..+++1/./+ +.YUX...
+3/1F00+..F0S3YUX./.EO..
H0+./.+3J.Y=
E//.3S+/033. 30+*1/."X.1+.
.+..Y=.+F0 * 30.F0.30+ (

#
43.
HJ+1F0/ (

#

& /.F0+*031+.
F0N+/. .01. /3+/ .3++... +.. .J
F0...+=F0JF0+/F0/.F0X.1+.
...+..YU/F0+3X..+..Y.M/01.+/=
.HJ+1F01.+E3+..33..30+.3/
J0+.U3./.H0.+.F01.+/./*RF0//.+
N++..0.31++.=0/."X.1+.
. +..Y *+/ .03. F0 F0/. F0 . 1+. .
274
+...U3..033. H/1.*H+/+/./
F00H/10*1O0.=
.1+..+..=
.1+..+..=
.+ *0.F0=0/."X.1+..
+..Y.F0F0/../3+/F0+*0.+.O3
/3+.H/..1+.+.=/0N..../.+/.
3/. H/+ = 0 . / +*0 3 O/3+ F0 X+*0. 3.
.+.Y..F0+*0.3..+."/..30R.
3J.++*..F0.+.3..+.F0+*0.3.
.++.=/R3J/."X +*0./+../0.+.Y.F0
3.F0+*0.+.=/.33F0X+*0.N/.
+/3+.N/.JY..F0..1F0.+.
N/.J=..*0.F0+*0.N/.J.03.F0
/. .*0+ + F0 +*0. J= 0 . - 30. +*S
/ + # 1 # : ; 1

/
: ! ;& /..*S.*"X +*0.3...
.+.YUN/.N/+00+0*..0F0.
F0.+.3..+.=
#+1 + 0. +. J0+. 3 E3+ 0. 3./ 3-/. +
/./H0+=
-.J0+.F0./+%*0B++0J0+1+.+
..+..+H*01/.*HF003 ++.X1+.Y.M
/3++.+.X..+..YU3.0.F03+
/./+.X1+.YF0H0+J0+X..+..Y/F0+30+
H/1+30+*1./0.+/.//3=1+H0+.J
275
.300.0J0+0O/F03.00HF0./
0/3 = . / + %*0 @ /.J F0 / E. +*0.
1+.++.X..+..YU3%&
@TT+.+0H
.?+30.3F0+J0+F0++J/./
F0.0.F0N.1+..3H0/F0+/.RH0++.
X..+..Y=.%*0@30.+.*H +33. 30+
H/1= +3+J0+o1+.oF0+J0+/+
%*0IH0/+%*0@.%&
ITT.*HM1/F0
..F0+*0.1+.3++.+.X..+..Y3F0.
0. F0 . 1+. .R /3. . +.= . . + 1
.*H +33. 30+*1=
_=#
+0+-0+.0+..33+.33..
..+.1../.F03/.1H033.
=/.3/0N...+/./1H.3+.+/.//
F03/./++H.H/..F0O.0+/./=
/./3/.N+.33.."/33O/3+"X.+.
/../+Y/"XN/F0./+Y=%&
TTD
1+R.01+.J0+..03/.F0.+.../M+..M
.+J0+/0/.F0+F0./M+.MH0+
J0+U / . .03 F0 . +. /. .M /3. + J0+ /M.
3F0?+0+/.0M/RF0*0+./.30.
H0+J0+/F0.J+/./F0.H0++.../M+.=
/./ /3 + F0 . +. /. .M + J0+ O.
276
/M+.F0F0*0/.MH0R+=./3/./
./3 0 33. 01.+ H/1 0 01.+ *1 + /./
.*H N01+/+1.R.F0R++=O/3+"
XN..F030.S+.Y.0/03/M.E."X.+.
..30.S+.Y= J31N./*+3++0/O.
N3-3. .+./.33...F01/.
N= .JF0.*0+/*+++-F0../01+.
+O++*.+.+.+.0. =+1./3
1O+.0+F0.MN0HO+.+.33..3+3M
H0.../3..M+../.=
/ /R +. 33.. 1+1R+. + 1R. N + F0
3.0O+F0.0O3= ..++/$

U+
0133. .+++/+$+3/=F0J0.F0
0F0+3/33. .+./R.01.= /."X +*0.
*+...H./Y30+.R/..33. F0.+F0
. ++/ $
! . 33. 01" X +*0. H. / .
*+..Y=+.3"+.*033. .*H+/./F0+3/=
./.++/$

"3F0./../3+//+..0O.
+.3.3+0133. =#/.30.F0

)
"
$ $

"" & + /./ / . .0.3+. +.
01.+.*1."X*S3MO.0S3YF01+"X*S0S3.
3MOY= N . 1. N /M. F0 3 X3MOY J
X0S3YX0S3YJX3MOY=
E3+/..+..J0+.+%*0D+.1F0+.0S3.
%&
D TC .M /3+/ 3 +. 3MO. / +. 3MO. +.
0S3.=
277
M.HJ+..M1001.+H/1=X.+.30+3../+.Y"N
F0J001.+H/1UH/23.+33. .H/14F0.+.
30+3.23.+33. .01.+3F0+./3.4./+.=$
. F0 + .= 1/. . 33. / +. ." X. +.
/+..30+3.Y=$.F0+."+.0+..0=...F0
/ ++1/. 3 + 3 0 33. 01.+ H/1 .
01.+ . 30+ 3 + F0 . + 30 1 01.+ . +
.0=0/."X.+.30+3../+.YF0/.3F0
+.30+3..X.+./+.F0E.Y..+/X0+./+.Y=
33. 30. 30 * .J" X. +. 30+3. . +*0. /+.Y=
1M/.+./3+//."X +*0./+...+.30+3.Y=+
3.0.+ +3/33. + +.*0"
/ F0 F0 + 33. 1 F0 .J" X+*0. /+. .
30+3.Y= .//+33. .++/$

"
&#/.30.
F0

$ )
"
$ "#
"
$

"

)
"
$&
.3/0HM+/010/N+1/..1+1
3. E/0U3./0/SN++3..F03H+
.H+E M+...+..3./=1+.
/+. 0/. 0+/ F0 . +. /+. . 3. /1. 3 .J
/./.1+-//+++//+0*U+/.
.0//.3.F0X.+. /+...../1.YF0F0
F0 1/. 0 /+ /. 3 .*0 F0 3M /1. 3 .J /./=
1/./M.+33. *0M.3.0/3*/."X.+.
.../1../+.Y"..M/3+/30.. +N

?/=
278
S/3+.0.J.//*-./+..+...1.F0.
/01./+./+..F0N0/.3+./M.3F0?.
33+.. ++000/.3F0./010/.
.3-/+./+.3F0?.=./M.0NN/0+
F00..0/**0++01303J0+.3F0?J./.++1
. +. E/ 0 /.3 3 . 1 F0 . .+- 10+1
10+11+/+...=
. /0 /S . /* + 1 +. 33.. 01.+.
H/1.3F0N/0N...F0301../3+/= 0.3
O/3+0+.0O+3.R/..*0+.=3 >F0H00*3
*+R.O.H./0+3"X+.033+N0/.+
N/Y=F0/.+.R/.1/.F0+.*H+33. .
+"X+N/.+.033+N0/Y=
...+.R/.*+.30E/=
+.1.
/M.HM+.3&/JH/+.F0++.F0N.0.F0+.
0/.+.R.".+.M*0+.F0.0..+.*0+.
*0+..0..M*0+.= +/.//3.+.M*0+.F0*0+..0..
M*0+..0..+.*0+.=/.30.E3.0/.//3...
1.3/.33. "X.+.M*0+.F0.+.*0+.
. M*0+. F0 . M*0+. *0+.Y= 1 ./3+/ . 33.
F0 . " X. +. M*0+. F0 .0. . M*0+. *0+. .
M*0+.F0.0..+.*0+.Y= /3F0N++/.30.033. F0
H/F00.+...X.Y03/..*+
O1.+.0O+3O0.R+E/../M.
F03R+=F0+O/3+F0..330./."X.+.30+3../+.Y
>
+E3=
279
. + F0 + .0O X. +. 30+3.Y . /M. F0 0 +. 3F0? + 3
X/+.YU3+.M*0+.F0.+.*0+..E/+/./F0+.
M*0+.F0+..M*0+.*0+.30.F0+M*0+F0*0+.+..
M*0+./R*0+.+..+."N/M.M*0+.F0*.M*0+.
*0+.F0F0++.F0.+.*0+.=
*/.0*/0++00.+J0+0+.33..
F0N/..+-=.O/.3F0..*+//3+
30.++33. 3"X+.033+N0/.+
N/Y= 3 01 - + J0+ XN/Y NM 0 E/ + J0+
X.033+N0/Y= .J+/0.+/+%*==
/NS3/M.HJ+1+.33..01.+.H/1.=
X.+./..MNN./+Y..0F0X.+...F0
.RNN./+./.YU3N/0N.3..F0..3M
. + / . 3 ..= 0 */ 2%*=C4 . + E3+/.
HM+/=+%*=C..03F0.+...NN./+NF0+
J0+/F0.+...F0.MNN./+.MH0+J0+=$
/..03/RF0%&
CD@.+./..M/3.+
J0+/.1F0*0+...F0.MNN./+F0..
+. F0 N F0 H0 + J0+ / 30 . /3 + J0+
/= 1J 3/. E3++ /= . +. /. .M NN.
/+./3.+F0+F0./M+./3F0.+H0.J/M+
+/./.JF0.+/.//3/M+/M++F0..0=
33. 01.+H/13/.30.H00133. +0+
++1/.0O+*1+3+3//3+*1+
3/.0O=
280
+/.//3/.N+.*0+3/"+33. "X.+.
..F0.S+....11.Y3/.H./.
33. " X. +. .. 11. . S+.YU 3F0 . 3/. 1 .
S+/ 33. + /F0 /. E3+ /. +3/33. "
X.+...F0.S+....11.YF0.3./+33.
F0/-/.=
_= &
*3 +. *0/. F0 0./. /S/ N0 33. F0 .
1E..33...=.0..+0/3
O/3+F0X.+.3J..3.+ /R.3?+.30+.Y".
0+F0XRE.03J.+N.3/YU+0*30H/../
F01 F0XRE.03J.30+Y=X3J.F0N/0N.N/.
...3Y"..F0X0F0JN/0N.N/...Y0+/.
./+.+.++0. "X0F0J.03J.3Y= 3++.*+F0
3+E. .0.0O33-..33...+./M.
/..3+..+ ++0*F003+-/=
S+/33. F01/.E/.+....++/+
.
3F0+*0/+0++++F03H=.
..33...+.0+.1/.E/.++0. .++/
"
F0.3+F01++J.*HX30.3/YX30.+YF0
..+.3+-/=
H0+ +*0 /. / + +0. . 1 +. 3/..=

3/..F0X.+./+.+-.0S3.YU.+
F0X+.3../+.+-Y= //..J0+.0+.
0+.*.31/+.0S3.+./+.+-+.3.
281
1/.F0+.3..M/3.+.0S3.30.F0+.M+-
F0.01-.M/3+.0S3.".+30.+.O...H0-
+*0+/F0X+.3..0S3.Y=
#/. 0 .*0 O/3+ / 0 33. . 1 . .
3/.=
X.+.F0*-N.3+J.30.+.=Y
X*S/+*-N.3+J.=Y
X0*"*S/+30.+=Y
F0J++0. .001.+*1.H.3/..+3/+.
0+..001.+H/1+.*0001.+*1=/.E3+
. / + -/" X. +. +. .M +. F0 *- N.
3+J.U 3 .*0 +. /+. .M .3. 3 /3+ +. +.Y=
#+R.01-/M.+.J0+.1/.F0+J0+F0/3+.+.
.M+F0/3+.F0*-N.3+J./.F0+J0+
F0/3+./+.F0H0R+/F0*03 +J0+
+./+.03 +*0++.+.=
%&
>DD
0F0R../0N..../0HM+1 /++0. .1
+. 3/.. .. /0 0/.. N F0 . /M. HJ+ 1+= 1 30. F0
.0/.+/F0..0+.0..+*./.+.*+.F0N/.
./33..3.0.0 =#+1/.0.O/3+"
.+./+.+-.0S3.=
.3../+.+-=
0*+.3..0S3.=
#/.F0JF0. +0./..R/..+...."3./+.
+-0S3.=...3++0. +R/X/+.
282
+-Y0.. +33+ +...R/."+/./
*/2%*=>>4+J0++./+.+-.M%&
>>D+
+.3.++.0S3."3..+++/+ "
"
&+J0+/.
+F0.+.0S3.F0.+R/3++0. U3.
.++/R.+ "
"!

"..+ "
"(&X.Y3+
F003+J0+/.+ "
"/M.3F0?". "
"

" *
&
/N/../0N.1.+.3M*..*0.+R//
+/+R//0.MF03/.0.//F0 "

"

"1 1 )

4F0 "
"!

4F0 "
" *
&1/R3
/+/..3.0+..3/.."+F0+
R/ / . ++/ ./3 + "
"! "! / . 0. +.
M. *U"
"3++".++/+F0+
R//=.+0.0+33+3/+3/./U300.+
+F0+.*0+0*+-/.M./3+3/./30.F0
+R//=
_= & &
E3. / 3 .+*./ + F0 + . /. E/+
01..O0..*+.= . +.+*+ ***.0
N/M../+?...*+./+.0+..HM+.0M0.+*./
.M.00M= S.NN++3./R/OF0+
. +.= . *. 1. . ... 0 1- N++. 11 +* /3=
+ *.0.H/..0.1+0.U3+.O...
283
R3. + *. /. N .*0 .0.0 S 1O +. *+.
. +.*../S+.=,0.30.3+.=
& L3/+0*

"# "
!"( 4
3F0 + -/.. /3 +. R/. .J 3 / 0
R/+0+.++/3.R//= H0.030.+.R/.NJ.
.+*./. NJ .+0/ *0= 03*/. F0 +. R/. ." 1
/+3-0?0//+.. /*.=/.F0X.+.1.
./+.3-0?YF0X.+./+.0/... /*.YU3.
.++1M++0. F0X.+.1... /*.Y/.F0
*/.33. F0F03+./+.3-0?+.0/.=$.
33. 3/.N..+*././3+./.+3/F0
+.1../+.0/.3F0./+.3-0?.+./+.
3-0? . /+. 0/.U 3 + .*0 F0 30. F0 +. 1. .
/+.0/... /*.=
+.+*./30..R/."/M./.=$...R/..
++/"+/+/+/=
& =L3

"#

!"(1 +.
0+.0.++0. +...+..3/.."+/+/=F0.
N0 0 33.. 0 .J + +0. +. . . 3/..= .
3/....0H.33+ .R/.0R///
F0.3/...0J+.+*./NJ..+*./.= F0J3J/.3+
O/3++.1.=.33...330/.F0+1.0
/+ 0/ 3F0 . /+ 3-0?U 0 33. . 3/
.0001.+*./+F0./0.F0+1/R.. /*.=
& = L. *+ /0 /3 F0 "
"

" #

#
"
$" .
$%"+.
284
3/..=.O/3+.NM1+- .*+F0.HM+E3+ =
#++/./F0F0/.F0//..0E. +R//
01-+..3/..30H...3.+R//+F0
R.+.3= /.F0X./+..J1.YF0X.
/+... /*.Y.J.00F0X+./+.J1..
. /*.Y= . X. /+.Y F0 . J1. 30 . . 1
/3+/..+..X./+.YF0.. /*.=/.
.F0NNNF0J0R/.F0/3/..J+3/*++
.+*./0F03F0N/M.F0.R/.=.1-./.F0
30. F0 X. /+. . J1.Y X. +. /+. .0/ EJ*Y
X./+.F0.0/EJ*.J1.YF0J.1F0NN0
0R//=.X./+.Y+3/./.3X.+.
/+.Y + 3/. / .J /. 0 / .*0 /3 +.
R/.//=
& #= L. *+ / F0 . H/ + +0. + R/
O0/.F0.NN++O0+R/+.3/..=3+.
/M.R."
8 "
#

#

"1 !

#
"
&H/.+O0+.0O++0. .
.N/.+.3/..+.0OO0= J.00F03F0
+./.HM*+..33 .3/../+..HM*+.*S
/+.33 .30?+/=/.3.030.0F0.
/+..33 .3.0?...+./+.HM*+."3+0.
/+...3../3+/.03F0/.++.0/
F0..N+.3/..=HJ+.1.0M.*+N.
1+= F0 +*0. /+. . J1. F0 . +. /+. .0/
EJ*30+0.F0.+./+.F0.0/EJ*.J1.=
285
/. F0 + 3/. /" X. +. /+. .0/ EJ*Y . 0
33. H/1 F0 / E3+/. + +-+ .0 /
O0.03...H.+...F0.0/EJ*=$
/.. E/..1+ .*+S/M.HJ+.=
& #= L./0F0
)
"

$&

33. *1 H/ F0 .0. . R/. H F0 +. +.. ..
/3. +. R/. 1- F0 0. / ./O. 3 + 30+
F03.3././O.= /.F0X*S*+R..
.+1YF0X*S*%&>B.*+R.Y/.3.+.*+..3
0 J0+ /3+/ .3 + +. .+1. +. *. 3 0 J0+
/3+/ .3 + +. *+..= 3 F0 .1/. /. F0+
J0++.*.F011S.+10/0+.+*0.3J..30.
+/3+/3++..+1.++J.+.*..+.
/3 3+ J0+ +. .+1. / F0 3 +. *. .
.+1.1JL0/3*..+1.L0/3+/+J0+0
.F0N+0+0*.+.*...+1.=
& #= LS+/+.*+.33+.+.+*./.R." 0
"

$
#
$4!"
$

$
"1 "

$&/*/.3.+
F0033. %&>B@*1F0.3.0.R/..M3.3.
J0+..3.= /."X.+.*..-.0Y"X*S*+R..-
.0Y+J0+X*.Y.M++.X-.0Y/.F0++.
*+...MH0"/F0+J0++.*+..F0.3++.
*..J0.0+*1=.1F03/.*+/+.
R/.=.3/..3J."X.+.*..-.0Y"X*SN.
*Y=+J0+*..M/+H*0++.N/.X-
286
.0YU3+J0++.N.0F0.3++.*.F0.+F0N.
N H/ + 33. 30 . /3+/ H0 + J0+ +. X -
.0Y3H03/3+/=+.3/...
3.*0+3. +1+.N.+.*.1/.F00
3/.*13/.0+0. *1+0. +*0=
+.*03+*+F0.300+0. *1/.
F003/..*1=3.././M.F03/
0J0+0E+/0J0+.M.3=3/...
30+.J0+.+J0+0E+H0=$30J0+
H0/N/.1./0R/..3."33. *1=
+F0..0+ *+.*+.+.+*./N0.
M3/.+*0/F0.3./.+*./..
*+.=#/.S+*SO/3++/E/0*0/1..0
.+*./=
R.+O/3+"
X/F0J.*30/3=Y
X 0-.*30/3=Y
X0*" 0-.0/F0J=Y
Z00.+0. +.3/..F0+[ F0J+R//
.+F03++0. ."X*30/3Y=+R/
/.X 0-Y+R//X/F0JY=30..R/./M..
H/+F0/+3/*+UN.33../M../+
+ *+ .*0= *+ F0 F0 + R/ / . .0
/01.+/01-3+/.U.J.N/F0J3F0+.*0
3/."X 0-.*30/3Y.033. *13
.0 .0 3= 0 + 0 *+ X 0-Y X/F0JY .M
287
.0.++0. 3/R+.M+.3/../F0+*+N
. = 3/ 3/. . H/1 / F0 + *+ F0 . .
3/..*1.30.F0JF0=/RN.+*+.EF0
F0F0.03/..*1++0. +.*0+/"R..+.=+
*0/F0N/.E/.3.*000.+*./=
#/.N.+.33..F0.*0.00.+*./=
X.+./+..EJ.+./.=Y
X.+..3.EJ./.=Y
X0*".+..3./+.=Y
+R//F0/../3E/3H.XEJ./.Y=
/. + 30 F0 /. 33.. . H/1.U +. 33..
H/1..00.0.3."/F0+*++.+*./
.MF0J1+30.F0.*+F0F0+3.R.001-+
/.+*0+.3/.."...F0N0)
"
"

#
&
.H0+.3H+F0 0003 3
0 + . .. F0 0. ++ 3.- 0 /= + .0
-/1J.R."X
.++H+..*?0/.*?
/R=Y.+3X*?Y.30+/....F0J
/.*H0/*?=H+..++/. ++*?F0.N
3+./=.0...00*0/.J/.
.3+."
X*?../30/=Y
X
.++3.-.*?=Y
0*"X
.++3.-.0/Y=L 03F0.*?
F01+* 0 / R. .J 0 .+*./ 3N+ + +0. .J
288
1=.1F0+F03/.+3/3/..
U3F0.+F00/*?N/0N./.*?F0
..0/=0H+ .HF0 30/./O
R.F0+..0+3+.03./M.F0../.0
/U/F0+F0/0./O.0NJ..3
/00+F0F0.0./O=
0/0H0/F0+.F0.NJ+.0.3+0
.0+E*+1++F0.0./*0++.
F0N.0/3?+/./F0++F0N30..0
/3 =F0JF0/0+H+*PF03F0.0.
33..0../0S+.+./M..0.+.=/3/.0.+*./+
.0+.+*0.**+3O/3+++..HJ..=..J+
*0/"
X+.0+**++J./0S+=Y
X+.0+..HJ...+.0+**++J=Y
X0*"+.0+..HJ.../0S+=Y
.*0/+S/+.R/.++.33...+.F0+.*+.
/"/F0.HM+3/1.+30F0+*0/.
H0.=+R//F0+F03++0. .X+.0+**
++JY=..*0F0.R/.M.0+.*03/.F0.*1U
30./RF0.M.0+3/3/.F0.NN0R/
.*0+=
3/..*1++0. .*1"N.F0J.MH/
+.*+.=++10/M.+O.0.E/N++/.F0++0. 3
.*1.0.03X/0S+Y=.F0+3/3/.+0+.
/R3+.0=F0J30.+30H+F0.*0/"N
F0JF01++0*++F0..+F0/.++0. /
289
.0*SR/F0N.//R/.00+.
3/..=
.3.030.F030N1..*R..0.S+.F0
3F0.0++.++**++JN+0.F0.S+..+.
/M.=#/../O+*/+%*0>I=
3./.+.1..*R..0.J0+.3F0?.+0.+J0+
/F03.+..0.S+.=
+ J0+ + ** +J . + /./ F0 + +. . HJ..
/3.3+*0+0+U31/.+*/F0+J0++.
.HJ..30.+/F0F0+0.+X.0.S+.Y
3R+3H0/3+/H0= /F03+NN
H/F0+**++J..0.S+.H//.*/.F0+.0
+..HJ..+.F0+.*+*0=/./3/.+.0
+. /M. + * +. . +.= *0 ++. .
./S+3+/NNF0..S+.=
#+*M/.1JO/3+=+1**+.+F0.+.
-. . OH. H/+ E3 +. 3.. . +." 1/. /
++*J/..+0. 3/0.+*./= 03*/.F0*0R./.F0
.+.-..3*+0 +.3.F03+HR...
3**+UF0.+.F0.+.3*+0 +.3.L
F03.*0.+.-...+.=...*S++U3
Z.0.+-/F0/.N[+R//3."X+.
F03*+0 +.3.YR..+3/.3/..H/1.
0"3.*0.J0+.3/...0+0+1+J
+ *+ + .+*./= N . /0N 0 + E/ +.
33..=.*033. .++ F0.3.=/.
290
./3+/F0X.+.+.3*+0 +.3.YF0.MX
+.F0+3*Y.F0.+.+.F0+3*/F0N/M.+.
+.../0.F0F0++.F03*+0 +.3.=..0+.
33..F030.1./3+//F01JF0.
H/"X.+.F03*+0 +.3..+.Y"/.+.
-..E3+.3..3*+0 +.3..0+30
.+*./*0.F0X.+.-...+.Y=
/M.+.+*./. *+./.F0 30. 0. +. F0
++1/.30.=3/.F0"

!)
"
$
!
$"
$

& /.30.F0+*0.
+.F0+*+.30.+*..3..0.F0+*0.3..
0./3H+F0+3J../.N3
H . F0 +*0. +. F0 +* 30. + *. 3H
/+F0.+3J.=
X.. 0.Y . + R/ / /M. + 3 + 3/
33. "/F0.M.0=/3.M.003/
.0O + .*0 33. + F0 /3 . *0/ + *+ +.
.+*./.= %M+ . /* F0 +. 3.. 0. F0 +* 30. +
*.303..0..+././.3..0.
F0/3H+...+3J.=01.O/3+.NJ/M.
F0 H/ 0. *+" . 33.. 30+. 30 1. *0
+0. =
#/.N+*+/F0.1+.*+./.+.+*./"
"# "

( "#

& 03 *. F0
.0/..*0/"
X +*0.+..3..*0.30.=Y
291
X.+.3..0..3..*0.30.=Y
X0*"*S+.3.0=Y
./O*0/F0/.+*+0+.+*./=3/.H
. +*0 F0 /3 . +. +. 30. F0 + 3/ 33.
N+/..+/+*0.+.=+/.//./31+M0*+0
.+*./F0.0.3/..030+1++0+0.
30+=
..+.+. *.F0.03+./..
. +. .+*./. F0 . 3. +. 0 +.. 33.. F0 ++1/.
.0..M01+...*0/.+.0+..++/

$"

"&...10H*0.H*0..*0
3+3. F0+R//03+.3/..=/0N/3F0+.+ *.
E/+...H*0F0.1M++.+*./*+H0.0
E/.0.J./.+J.H/./.+.F0/-..
3+."K#' 7
3+...*./F0+.1+.
0++./J//R.?++.33..F0.30..
0/30+3000.+*./=1+/M.F0=
F0/3..+-./3F0+3/+0.+.*+.+1+
+.33..+.+*./=+F0.//3F0.U/.30
.=+F03+*+.3+.?.+*0/O0./01.0.3.
/00O0*O-.0.3-.R..*0.=K#' 7
.
00.+./3.3.."3.M/+.M+0*/++F0.
NS3.3.J=
1..1+*0/+..3..+.1/ 3+.3+F0
/0N.F0.M*0.+*./.. +3F0+3/
.0.33..+F03+.+. *=..+/./
292
F0F0+.3./R.F0..0+1+/.3.
/R. 3F0 . N . + 33+ +. M+0+. F0 +. N/.
.0+=%/.J./.+./ +?3M*/3+01./=
N.N/+* +*01.+00F0-
3+.1.J0+..+/H/++.,10-.=0.0
..1.J0+..03/.0+0. ++0. 130.
++. 3/ F0 + 3/.= XV,10. . +. /... 3F0 ++.
M/.WY+.0O+3++0. .MF0J1.=
33. 1 . R." X. /... . 10.Y= F0 . N
/. + F0 . F0 X. +. F0 M /. .
10.YU/F001-.10+H/*0./+ *F0.J
+.+*./F0+H.+.,10-.3+"
X.+.F0M/..10.=Y
X.+./...M/.=Y
X0*.+./....10.=Y
$.0+0.+*./3N+=
/3F0N++/.+.N++.3+.1 1

1 0../O.F0.030F0..++0+.
03/.033. F0.H+0+.0+0.
/..*H/F0N..H..0*0/F0R..3+/
0 .+*./= . F0 +. *0/. F0 /S/ 0./. /M. 3 +
*/R/RF0+30/+ *=
*0R./.3O/3+F0+..++/.&+*JX3.OY
.M.+./. 3F0.M.+..3/.F0.01-
.M.+./. NR*P3H/=/*0/
293
N..+/+ *30.F0NR++/31+3.
+.3..=.00. +03+&/J=
_= & ;
.+..O/.F0..03J1.+.33../M.+1.
3/01.+.30+.=+..+*./.F0++1/.+-../3++
+.3/F0.+/M./S=/.+1+.

F0.
F0++.F0H/F0+*M.M./3F0.-.X.Y
..=X . 0+1.0./3..0 Y"X.
0+1.0./3.YUX+0*.Y=NJ0.+*./N3RH/1
. 3/.. 0 +0. / 0 .+*./ = 3/ 3/. .
N3R..3."+ F0/-3+O0 +
X.Y+ F0.+F0.0M..+-+ F0+
.03=
++J./..+.*+..+..+*./.=0
)
"#
)
" &0
#&
0..+*./N3RH/1.3++*+3/3F0H//.F0X.
0+1.0./3.YUH//..30R.+.0F0X. .
Y=e#/. N 1/ 0 O/3+ F0 . 3+F0 + .*0 *+" X +
/ .HH0*0+/..+.+0..J0.1330+.
+3.Y3+. +3..M0.1330"+0*X+/ .H.*0+/
..+.+0.Y=..0.+*./N3R*1=
3.*0+)
)
"
/* F0 . .M N 00 .+*./= #/. 0." X 0
N/.0/..0+.03H. U / +*.0
294
3H. U+0* / +*.00/..0+Y=..0+M1.3
/ - / +* . /.U 3 . . +O +?+ F0 1.+ +
.33 . 3 N H/ + .0= F0J . O/3+." X + 1 .
/-+.+.U+1F0+.++.+.0..HJ..M
/-+.+U+0*+1+.++..Y=...03F0
3..++..N*0/++.++1+.++."
+*03.+N/.*H/+./M..+.
/M.../.F0..0.3++1=
++.33...+*./.N3R.H+.F0++1/.
0./+-.=../M.F0 "$
#

&#+1/.+O/3++..F00+1.0./3.H00(
..NF0-3S+"NF0J /.0J/.+.+*./.+
R./.+H/N3R"
X.+..F00+1.0./3...=Y
X. 0+1.0./3.Y=X0*". .=Y
,.1F0R..00.+*./++./M.0."+R//.XF0
0+1.0./3.Y=..++1. 0..*0O/3+3
30F0.H/"X
/ .H*0+/.3/+1330
.+. +3.U0./ .H3/+1330.+. +3."+0*0.
/ .H . *0+/ .Y= . . 0 0 .+*./ 0 3/. /
+0. . *1.= . +. .+*./. N3R. 30 . 1.
.+*./..*+00...O/3+.=
>)
"
)
1 " )
" "
" 1
)

"3/R++3.0R//
.0"0+.O/3+..+NM 1=X
0/..0+
.03H. " / +*.03H. U+0* / +*.
295
00/..0+=Y/0+.3/...H/1/.3
3+R//X.03H. Y..*0F0+R//.M
.0*0+..3/..=
=

)

" 0.+
+0. /.00R/F0+.+3/.=1-"X +
1./-+.+.Y30/./.++-"X1/-+
.+."+1F0.+.++..M/-+.+U+0*.Y=
F0J++0. .*1.03.*0.03X.YU3
.R/.+3+3/3/.+0+3.H/1.0.0
3".NH*30.+*+0+.+*./=.O/3+.E/
*0+F0+F0N+/.+.0+**++J=
_= &

*?+F0.03*F0.+.0.*0/.N3H0-+.
*+.+.+*./= +N+.H-./+.*0/.F0.S
.R/...+0E+0R///S"R...+..+*./.N
.0O.3+.*+.+*R=0N..+*./.0./.+O
0.- U3/R0./..1.*R.*0/ +*0.
+.0+.N1..3+.+ *..N.R3/0=
E.0+.*0/.0///3+0+.++/

"
!
$
3/M.F0.O0.+.*+.+.+*./../O.*R
*0/ =/.NF0.+/

!
$+.F0
.JS1.R/.3/+3J0+ & ..33..0./.0
F0/. 1 0 *R .3. 0 +. +.. /M. 3F0?.= +*0O
H/+3/.F0"01*+.0M+00.0N=
0F0.
296
0F01+0F0130F0/.=+/+F0.N+./..+
+3++++Jf+=0...0+..0
..R/.0..F01+.0..3.+33.
+-.3+3J0+.0
$3F03/.+*++.00=
XY. +J=
. *0/. .0. .. 33.. .01. 0 *+
33+"
"(
$ # )
"& +
/0.+./3 N *".+*03 .3+/0.+
.M/30.N *./30. = F0JN/M.F0.
+1.R././0N...F0+.+1....*/.
0++.N/.H/+F0..=
++*0O+.+.0+*+..*S.0//*1/
+H+=.03F0?+.+0./+"+0*
.H+= F0J/..+1..+.0+..*.3+F0+N
.H/=./+.F0.0.3N+....O.O/+.
-.3-3.3+/-N33= F0J/...+1.U.
N0R/./30.33. .+.1../.0..3N
.. + H/ F0 0 . . N 0 ++. *M/. 3+ F0
.01N*0+.."H/M/.0+1*M/..+.
/M.= 130.F0/0N./.H/+S/+1.*.
H/. . +. 33..U 3 *0 ++. +. *+. +
.+*./ 30. F0 ./3 N ++. 0 33. H/1 0 +0.
*1+0+H*+*+.E+..+*./.=
+*0. +. * . F0 . H//. 0 +. +1. 0
33. .01N/.*+.=
297
*S . . /. F0 + /0.+ . /3 N * .
MF0+/0.+F0.M/30. .M/30.N *=
..3F0./0.+.M/30./..0..+
1-=0/.F000F0.0F01+/13.NJ
F0..1330.1+/1(1.=.../R
3F03.N0F013F0.R3331*+./3+
0E++.1+.0+/MF0.H*0+1/30O+0F0/M.H0-
F0+13+ F0+/+/MF0.=.3+F0
0.H/0+1N.F0.*+./M./.F0
E.++.+HF03000O+/.//3.
E+00=
_#= & & %
E.0*+/0.++F0.+/+0//0N.
*0/.0F0++.F0.O0.*0+.3.3..+.
+.. *=F0J.*+"21 $ "
$
1
"
+F0F01+."F

"

#1 "#)
. " "
"&.0+F00++.
0/+3.*0+-0++.+-0/+= .
-/303+.+.*+.+.+*./3F00H.
R/.+ *..33.."++0/+-0++-0
/+=.J303+..-/+*+F0/.HO30.F0
/./M.F0+X0/+Y1-X0++Y=+/.//30.
E3+.*S/*0/.=+.0/+"3.*003-
.03-/+=
.0./O0."3.*0+F0/+0
298
/+.0./O=./+./R.....F0.0HU3
.*0+F0/+0/+/R./+0.F0.0H=
.1/.0F0033. 01.+H/1/"X

.0./O0.Y3/.3./3+/XY1-X./O
0.Y= J.0*PF0+ F0/+X0./OY.0/+J0
"+.01JF0+... +.003 0.../O.=
.../.E3+ +N++.M*0+.+.0O+3
0 33. . H E/ *0+ *R S/ .. 3
0 = . +. 3++*/. 3 O/3+ . H*0. 0 +.
3+.0.M*0+.30...*0+."F0J.0F0+F0.3/.+.
H*0.0+.3+.303+./+.3++*/.+F0
.3/.+.3++*/.303+.+.H*0.0+.3+.=
H*0
F0.0.M*0+.30..*0+.30.03++*/=..1J/M.
10+.R/.033. ..*0+.=0.+.R++
"+F0.30.+.R++.+0"0.
+0.+.R++=030N.N./.
/ .H/."3/.30.H/F030./.N.N+
.R++/./ .H=
+/.//*P/.33 .+..=+1+M+N/->
@@3.+0U3.*0+F030H/.>@B@3.+030
/RH/.++0+N/-=+0+030* N+./
> @B@ 3. / F0 ++* @I" +0* . / F0 + +0 + N/-=
*+N.*+..*0.H/..F0+/./N"++,.+
+J,N"/F030+N+/././+J,NF0
+ + ,.+= *+. = J ,.+ . /0N. /3+.

+ >C>C"X030*Y=
299
*+./.NF0++"+0+..*0F0./.NF0+J
,N=0.0++*+.N. ++E.*0+
N++,.+"/3/.+30N+J,N
1-++,.+30.F0.*0+./.F0++E+
J,N.+/./N=
E//. 0 3 3H0 0. / - N++/. F0

" "
#"1

"*%& .1+/.+./O-/0.3
30F0.0+/0.+/".J30.

"* 1 "*

"$#%"
& H/.+M0.+
MF0N/++1R/=0./..*0.
F0/...E.0E./O-0.H.U00.
.1 ..+/NF0E.+./O-F0.3+F0+
N0.H..3+/.=
_#= )

#
/..N.N.0+/3+1.
33..++/.X3/..Y+33. B++/X+0. Y"
3N/./N.N0M+..+.33..+/1..
F0++.

1
&.+..F0
N/.1N.F0J.3J.++/.
$ 3F0
"
..$"+1+.3/..++0. " *++J ++1
4=./0/3.E0+
)

$U3./3
B
+ >C>C"X33 Y=
300
S/M.+3H/+
)

$?Y 3+0+/.
33.. *+. +. 1. F0 . 1+ +. NN. F0 1/. .1
+0.=
.HM+1F0+-/3.J/./..?MO/M..+*030.
F033/R++3+ 01./.+
1= + -/ . + . 0 33. 0 3./. .= Z /
F0/.30.+.33..*+.[+0.0..33.H0+.3+
O 0 H+E1 + / 3 + HM +0+ 3 3 ..
/./.+F0/0+./3..0./1++.+0+-
3 0. .1 +- 3 / 0.. .. 0.. J.
0..O.U30.H+E F0NF0+./3..F0.3+...
+ .1 30- H0.= Z / ++*/. . F0 . +. 3J0+.
3F0?J./.*0.+.++0-+J.3/0.././.O..
HO/.+3+.0.+0/+++.30/+/+13.
+./M...F0./.F0.M/30..3J0+.*0[1F0
R..+/33F0/.0.M/1++.F0+*0N
3. 0/ ." . /* 0 .*+. . N . +.
N/.F0NJ/M./++*+1F0+.+*./.N+*0
.0+=$3HJ.*0*. . +.0..0.33.O.=
+/+/F0.*0+N/F030N.+
OH+E1.J/.//.+./3.*,+
/1++./O*+R.+3H0H+ .HEH+F0/01F0+.+
0+-3J.N++.+.0+0+-=,11 +.?.
>>@>C@=I ;+H03+/+3/F0+./3.10+.3..
.0. + 3+/ + . 3 + 1*.
@
+ >C>C"X01Y=
I
+ >C>C"X>CY=
301
3. +
1. . 3 +. N+. .+. + .3J0 .0
*./0./O..3+.1 3+E3/ +...F0
.+.0+.N-R+/./+J./..0/.=&++F011
./*.B?..30R.2>IT@>T@4H0+/M.*F0++N
N/. *. F0 + % +/ *+ /- 3 *.
/.0M.1./3.3J++*.0+.1 *=
+./3..+&++J/0N.N/..0.F0+.03.
*.J.+/M.1+F0+.3F0?.3F0.J+NJN
. +.=&++.0 01-+/M.+++.O
++.3..*0+./?F0++*+/.//3+.0+33+.
/*.F0++1 .*3.+E3/F0 . +..NJF01=
>1 "
O

= %!
" .
" $
#
"

"&
0N.F0%.,++//S/,F011 +.
?.>IT>>TTTH0+H0++ *01+1/RJH=
/*/H0,/0N...0*N/=.0
++=$ "N "3= $G " .?+ 1*./+.
.1+0+-+*S/NN.+.F030.
+0* * *0+/ +. *+." R+ 31 0 0M 1+..
.0/. ++*J N +. N/. . 01/R= .J 0
H/F0,3 +/F0+++ *0100E+&++
3 +. /./. ?. . n . *. N/. .30R. R+ ++*
.3+.+.33+.+0+-=. +H. ,.0.1.
N .0/ +*0 3 .0 33 /R 1.* . F0 .03
T
+ >C>C"X>TCY=
302
.*0+1+..0/.E+.F03F0++R3NJNN+
./J+/*./3R0N/*+R.++/&+= D.
30.F0+=$ "N ".? +.N/.+/33.0+
0+-"0.N++H+.HJ,F0.*H+++01
+ *01N.F0.N++*,+/O+
,=
+ * 01 .0 + -/ 10 + 0+ 30 1. +
.1 +. NN. +. /. +. +. + 0+-= .
-/.++/

1.* 01"/+/0..0.33.
O.+.*.1.*.JH.../3../30.
..+/=
3/ +0* /. F0 3 .1. E3/. . +.
/ +. NN. F0 1 . O 0. 1.* = . ./3+
//.NN..*S/+/.03F0
.++/ U3F0.3/.+.NN.S.E 0.
/.3/E3+.NN.31+F0./..30R.F0+.
N/. .0O E3/ = . . + 0 . 3/ .
1+0.+
"

&
$+.*0./.-...NN.+0+N/.1
/*+.F030.3+.+...NN.F01/.E/=
. 3 /+ ++//.

F0 .. 3 3 H+ +
-/+*0+33. *+F0.M/.1J= F0J.1
0M/3.+/++ *0130.F0. +3+-/
01 3/. ++* +. .0. + + 33. F0 N/.
.030.=
D
l++/&+=
303
$+.-/.3/+.+*./0.+..-/
01 +. NN. 30+. F0 .J 1. . + N3 .. H0.
1=
+0.3/./3..0.+.NN.F0J/.
+. + 33 + -/ 0. 3+ . N/.
01..1./.E3/.01.HN++.+N3 ...M
0+0+-= 3-/.1./..0.0..
0.0...1.3M3+F00.N3 ...
N/./*= 1.+01O.0M0+N3 ..
N./0+1/++*/N.F0+F0.30
0++.R0+.NN.F0H+0+-=
3NN++0N3 ..F03.0+.H/.0.0.
NN./.3.0.F0+N3 ..N++.+/=/.
0.++*R0.0..1..
.1.0..3.+/3+..0+.0.O
+. NN. F0 . N .0/. +. ..= +0* . .. E3.
/3..0+1+N3 ..3+00S/.+.0.
0.+.NN.F0N.O+1.* U.+/R.F0
H/.F0.0-3+F0/N0R/.
0J.0..M0+F0+N3 ...0+=
030..F03.30..+-/01"
/."N#$

"
&
*0."'

&
."E%"

$&
0."H
)

&
304
#/.N3/O/3+. /.F0./
++*/. + 0+- +. .. .0 .0. +. H+.
33..*+.=
.?.NF0./- .1+.3.+.03H+..
E30..+1.H/.30+.F0../O/0N1./+.11.
N.3+.=+...H .+.F00F0.1..33 .31
3 / /- +. 0+.. 3.. .0 N3 .. 3
E3+.01.+./O-...11.=$F0++.N3 ..H0/01..
.J/00/..=.F0++.N3 ..+- .3+H1+F0.03J
F0++01NJ..0..F0++.N.N*/+.F0
++.*0.F0.3..+.03H+0..
1.+/+J././?.=M.+3+*F01+F03.0
3H0JH+N3 ..#+/0H++.*0.++01
30.+H/.H+ .H%/* F0F0++.N.F0.NJN++3
+./...+0*.JN.O.3+.3*.F0
0. 3 ./ 0O. N. 0- /0 . /3. 3
F0++./.= ./M.-++N3 ..F0.F0++.H /.
/X3N.+0+-YJF0+./O-+.H/.N++..
/+.3+.31J/.J/.N++N+./.+
.0+REF0J./-.+ E+F0H*0*0./.
0F0. 1+ .++. 0. / + H /0N. /1++.. 01.
/R.*03+..+.H/3MO.+0/.+M/3. 0S3.
**.=N3 ....JF0+.H .+.+..../3
11..30+.++F0..*+.NJ0

+ >C>C"X0/Y=
305
+0* N. 1+. .= 0* /0N 0 1H +0* /0N
E//3F0 3/1+N3 ..S+/=
F0J3 E//+/F0-/....N3 ..= .F0+
+013. +.H .+.+./?.. +JN++.H .+..+.03H
++".F0.+.NN+++.?.3H0./..
0J./..+.*0.++01301N+.3.=.
N3 ..3.F01=.3/M.. ++#+3F0.N
N++H .+./?./.3J..33.O/M.+.3*.
/+.*.8.3O/3+.F0+N3 ..#+E3+
+.H .+.N++.+3H0+=.HM+.0.+F00J
3N.+0+-F0++.03..*0+."3F0..F0/0N.1..
N / 3 H .+. 3+. /+. .0.. F0 + = +.
/..3 3J/.*P./"X0+-/.0.
3N..+.H/."+.MH*.+F0/+++ E+.0+
N-.F0./O+/E+0/..F0H*00++0
/.+-0/0O3.11..H/.HR3.1.."
30. . . N3 .. . 1 Z / + 0+- F0 / 3N./ 0.
H/./ .[Z3F0RN/.+.H .+.H.H .+..++.
/.. H .+.[Y /./ - J + N3 .. +. 3N. + 0+- 3
E3+ + F0 . N++ F0 3 E3+ + F0 . N++= + + S+/
N3 ....+F0..F0+..3..11 *S//+.
3+.+.+.N..0...F0.30+.+.3.
3...+./.J.+*..3/E3+/0N.NN.
30+.= * .H0- /3/. / . 3.+ F0 . N++ .. ..
*. 3H0. + - + /0N. /++. ?. N
0/0+.0.10/3+J./3.3=$F0J
306
3/.*P./"..30+/.N+0/+./.F0+
+.3.+..003.3MM3/F0.30R.+.0.
0?.. +F0MR++.N0..+..+.3.0.=
.*0.+.3/..*+ *.11/+..F0+.+0+
F0N++/.N++..+.N0..+.3.0.=$.0NNF03./.
.F0+. H .+. /0+0 /+. 0. H/. . . + .
..=+./../R. +N++/.+.N.U3.3+.+.
.3./M..U+.M+.+"H+.3./M.0+.=
+*0...N.+.N0..+/+N3/3+/30+1-.U3+.
.F0.+3/..0++03..11J=
/.H//M.F0..01+1+.+N/+
3. /. 1. 3. H/. *0+/ . R+ + 1+1 F0M
/3/ N= 0. .J . N++ . 3+. . / 3 3. /0N.
N. H .+.= /3 . +/ . +. . M+. .0.
./. 3.F0.M3/3+..=...
/0N...3/.30.*PF0

"! #
$
$
"

,

"* 1 )

#$&.1/.30.+*.N-.+.N3 ...F0.M
0 +. NN. 3 +S+/N3 .. F0 . O0. +
.1=
+0+/M./3F0N.N.N.0..+F0.
+/!$+0+.+F0.+.03.+.3
+0N+H0-F03+/*0+.03.+
.F0/++.=03F0./.+0+ *
3/.F0+...N+3F0O/.030+
0/03+0/...O..M//3-
307
+.03H+=.H0O/0N +.**...*0F0
+. *0. *3. . 30+. /M. *0. S + NJ .1= $ .
/*3.F0.+.03."+.++/.3O/3+O
.."+N0/+.0.+.00O.O .0/R3+3
F0N= . +.+/M.*+.H+ .H.**.++* +0F0
+*0...0+/3..J/.F0.0+/
+*. J +1.= . N .. ?. . ++* 3 3 +.
E3/.n0M/M./+N3 ..F0.+.03.
"n30.E3+. ++./1/.+++/.
..3/+*..+./1/.+ ++0+.3+.= 0
+.3+++.++-3/.03.++0/+.0M
+30.S+/OM+3/1+-//F0+.+/H0-= .J
.+++/.0.0./M.+*F0+.0+H+JR+/+N
+*0=-30.01/N++/.F0+F03.0
30+OU3.13+/.03.=
n- ./" .+.03.+0.+
.+.03..+=+0.0033+
H/01-/.+*J..+=ZF0R
.F01*++01-/.+0[. .n
F0.+0.01+*0/.0O3+J/33+
.30+JM3/+03+-+30
N/1 1+-/=
03/ 1+ . /01 +J/.F0+*0
H0-++*0+.00.= .J133+F0++0
.01. ./3 N+ F0 . /./. +
/3J 3 1R. + .3 +J = n 3 . 3
*.J./. -/. //M. F0 . + H0- *1 H0 /
308
.03JR+F0/J+0/1R../++=
/. /R F0 . .0 N3 .. + *1 +. 3+. . /1J
+ + + / . /01= E3+ + 0. .0 * S/
30+.+./1/.+.3+..0..R+.= F00+./.
3./....0/*0+3+./1J
.E../++*1F0=...H30+
+/./H0-=./1.++n0N3 ..1HNN
1+/H/+.NN.F00.0.+0E0=
#..J0 ! #
++/+*0.1. 0F0.S+/
3+.0...1..N.0H0.0.H.
..= F0J.*H. +

#
"#=
01.F0.0.N3 ../3+/..3O0..+
1-.NN.+/F0..0M++*++.= +*S/3.
F0n.0..0N3 ..+*1..H+ .H/.R+
F0 n NJ /* N3 .. 3 E3+ + /1/ +. 03.
+..= 0* ..F0+.03.+...1+*0+
30.3*./+.++/.1 .30 +F0.+.
3+.*++ ++/./ /*J++0
/+=..R+.:S3F0.03F0++R3&++3J
/R 10+. + :S3 0 3F0? /+ / F0 /0N.
H+ .H.+/3..3.0N3 ../1=N3 ..+
*1nE3+./*+././.NN.HJ+ C.*00M+
/.+/O=../M..++/M.HM+U+
nE3+0S//0N/NN./E0=
C
+ >C>C"XHJ+Y=
309
0N/...N3 ..*0+/0. ./..0
+*SNN.F0.E3+30+.N3 ..30.+3+"+
N3 ..F030E3+.+.NN.F0.H.M+1"F0++F0
O.E3+ 0.+NN.M+H+.=n F0+./..
.0./1/.+. .+./+...3F03.3./
1R.+*/++ +.+./1/.F0+.3+.
/3.R+= 000/3.1R.+.030./+:S3
/M. 3F0? F0 + + + 0 .0 /N / . N0. N++ .0 3.
./O/+= N./.F0++ +3.*S//.
..=H/+N3 ....0++.F0J.033
/+3U3/. +30N0*/+++ +..+F0
.0 . 0. . +. 3+. 1 . . /3.+ E3+ +.
/1/.+./.3+N3 ..+.1 ...=/.+.
/1/.+./..*S+/30.1.0/.J./..E3+
.H0. +*03++*1F0/* n=
0 +*S NN .3+ / . + /1/ +. /. . 3/
.H10N3 ..3F0+E3+N-+./M.3F0+
E3+3J/.++/.
3F0.1/0-3.F0.
.?++/F0N/./=- ./O.++/ .
" "
+
F0/.O0N3 ..=
_#= )

# #
.+//..0N3 ../.JH.=30.+S
/+-/=- .H*+/01./3+1+0F0.
310
.H03N+++0.+F01=././..0N3 ..
F0.E3+F0+.NN.+..0./M./0.+10./1.
/0 F0++. 0 .. + -/ 01 F0 E3+/." .1
3+/NN.N3 ..0 /3 =$..0..+.1.
+/0.0..*0.=O/3+.+.//+11+++
NS/./.0N....*0F0+././
.1+/.3.+.0..F030N+30=%/
1.N3 .."30N++1U30N3.0*3+++".+.
++..*/*0.0.3 ..*0.MO+31//.0
3O/3+/*F0+.*.N+++1+3 .N
1.++++*0+/*0=*3-10+0..
..N3 ..=..*/O3+/S+..+++.+U
3+++01+./O0++/.+++1+N++1= +
/3+1N1.F0*0+...M/OH+EF0+++01
N.+0.+N0/+++"3.*0/M./O0/++.
+N++3+/30..1/N3 ..+*U.
++*..0F0+.3.NS/.+++..N.3++.F0+
N0/+-.++../0/.J.+03F0.JO
+.++..03.+..*=
*+.././.33..0+.*.3..+.
0+.:0.= N/0+3+J1E/++0*.
/ = . . + .1 3+/= ++ F0 +. +. + .
NM+/+30/-H/N3 ...+.+...3N.+.
F0 .M += S 1.* . + 3 +. N/. F0
013+.J.+N+= +..?.+*0..1
+*0+.F0+3+J/./..3N...3+F0+3
311
3F0+N3 ..F0F0+30.3.+ 0+.0+3+.N
H/ 30.F0F0+N/.30+.F0+N
+01+.=*.+3+J+..N/0
++0*-S.1..0/.+.F0+.+.0.3++1.0.
.=$0F0.N/3..0.+..U3.+/.
R+ + 0 + .3+ F0 . 3.*0 + *-S F0 . .0 . .M
3+/+/./F00. 3+.30.+./F0+.
0.M.00/F0.3E/+/?+.
+.0//3+3H-+=NJ+01=+1+*-S+
. + /3 +. /. F0 N O + /3 +. 0." N NJ +
1H =
0*+03.0.J./F030.1/+.*R
-/+ *=H++/ N0F0NJ1O+*S
/33+ /R+ 03 +++*+*0.++.3.
*+/+N0/+F0./ *N3
0*0H/++0+NJ.3N0*S/?.01+
./O-03.F0+/.// *++* /+
3 .0 NO= +/ + + 3. .+ +. 0.. . F0
N03 *=J3.*0.N3 ..F0+3."+
0.03JF0++/F0NN03. *N"+
F0 N0 = 1J N *+ R0+. F0 / F0 +
+/ *U3R..N+*0+F0. *"0F0.
F0/0N.3..3.J1J3F0+/N/./3+./*.
*H/F0R+++/=/./0N.3..O0F0
R+.F0 N033J3../0NHR..F0R++.
3F0++/H0*NNJ//0N+.?.=
312
.0*3.NJ/M.F00/.*0++*.+
1UR.0/0N.3F0?.0..F0J...3+
+/.+/F03J."..F0J..0.
/3/.F0JE..003=/3/.303+F0J
..++/N+F0+/UN*/.+0*33
*0+ /3 .3 N0 = . /M. +*. 3 3
/3....0../O30N3+/./F0F0+F0.
F03N3.3+/+/31.+1.*
. .++. /31..= .0+ . F0 + +/ NJ .
0.+.0/++/M+X/MY0 *O/M.NJ++/X/MY
N.XY3+F0?.+./
*.1+.0/=.J././++//0N...F0
0N//+1+./+/E.033/.0S/+
*/F0NJ.1+OR*+R.+/+0F0F0NJ.+
*+=++/.JHR.+F0N0./3.+ *F0.
NJ0%U0F0NJ*++3.++F0NJ3
0/R= *NJ3+J.0?-/.F0++/3J
.*0++J+**=
/ NJ /0N. +*. 0.. F0 H/ + N3 .. F0 +
+/=JF0NJ.0H+/+ #UNJ.0HR+
*=.0.0./NJ/ 3...+.
3+.N=.J/M..+*0+.F0..JF0.0.33.
.=OF0NJ.+*++0F0

+0+.3 F0
H1/NJ3=$0++/3. 01+.0+*+R.H0
.*0l33*+30++.3*0 3+*0F0
/3NJ11++J=..N/3.++*.0/NN.3F0?.
313
F00 1+/3.0=.NN.3F0?.+..J3
0.+1/0+30/+./M.*1..+.=
N
+.HM*+/+.+3N0/-/J-U3-.1.N.
N0+-1.+.+N+*.1+F0
.0F0.H.=/.30./30N3 ..N.+*F0
.3+-./3F0/./.F010*S/NN.1.."F0
+..0+.+N3 ...*0+.+.NN..+.0+..+.0=
_#=, # 9$_
*+/F0N./.+/+.O.F0.
= 3
"

"" #$1

$
&
#/..0O+/.0/.30033++.N.F01.
J..*0.+/.M/M.+.1/.F0+3+//+0
J.0.N/M.F0+J= //.+.+0.+./.
1..J.1/./RF0./M.+.+.R3.+0+++001=
R../0N...3/./+*0**0++...F0
1/.=./1/.+..++.+.3+.+./.+/30+.
/.U +. /. +. /. +. 1+. . .. . F0 .M H0
0./=+.30.3/./3+/M.F0+./3+.1 =
/3F0..3.+/. .
" ..0+...0
0+-..+/F03/.1+/3. F00.M++.
.0...= 3.
"
$
" !#$"
/ .
"
#$
! "(
"
! " # $" #$& . +.. . +.
1O.+E3/.+/.1 =
314
3/+0*. ../3 F0F0/. 0 //M. /3+
3H+...F0.0/.0N/.E3/.++.F00+.
.1/../3+/=.0+F00F0J/.+ +*. E
.+.30+/.+./+.+.N/.= .+/.1MF0
.3F03/.0++*S/+003-01++*.
0 ..=..0M/01-U00.0.M
3+/.1 .*0/3+F0+N*.M++*. E
30. . /03+ F0 .01. /-+ *. M 0 .
N/./+../0.++ E=+E3/.30
1*0++F0J//0M3/=+01..+*. E 30
+1.0/+3F0?03O/3+.1M0/.*0
+.H.+.+*.+...11.= +.F030330*/0
3F0+F0J/F00/F0N.+0**0+3M
+.N/.+./+.+.N/.3.+S/E.1.F0.+.
J./0/.+.N/..H+*0+=+*. E
3J.3+131N/03.++...+.3J..
HJ.+0/+..+1.J+HJ..*./0N.1..H0.3F0.
1.U+.3.3+*00+.?J.0.J+/0F0+
.3.=0+-31.NE3/.30.H=
M3+. N 0 *0 .0// 0. F0 . ++/ + &0 + = . N/.
30++.3+*U3+.3.F0+*03
/0..+..3H0=M+3///F0+01E.
+*0.0.1.3+.3.33+.N/.=.NN...
/*3.0.N3 ..3F0.0N/.+N+.0++01
.0.R+/F0.0F003+.0+3M.?+.
.H =.+.NN.F0..1+&0+.HM+/E3+.
315
3 + NN F0 + M . .+/ /M. 3. F0 + =

F0J/30++0O.+.*.1+O.3
.*/..011*0U30/+3F0?30.+O1JM
.?+. .H 0 / + F0J/ N + O + E" .
E3/E3+3H/+H /+&0+=
1O +. E3/. H+." . ++1 #

"
!$

&+.03H+N
.3F0..RO+*0 F0J/++
+*0". .+/./F0+/./.3N1OM./++.
?.=0//./..0..+.+/.+./3//.
+..//.+ ++..F0N++/.+*SH01=
& .+.3.+.F033/1-1F0N30.0
N*011+?3..3.O..NJ303-.N".
E3/../O.N/.1+.0/EH.F0
+..0/.N+./MF0.+.H+.+.0F0.13N30
+. N/.= . 3+ F0 + .0/ + . . /R 0 /
3F0/0N.J.N0..0*.=+./3+
.1 .N0..?O/M.F03.3J/.++*.
N/.H0+*/+F0.++/+0/=/+3.+F0
.30R. 0.. . E3/. . ++*0 + .0 0 +*
+0/+*S/+N.N.0.3+..S/M.
S+.F0+.++3+=/..03F0N/..0S+/+R./
3+....3./1++..F0+E3/ +30-/
JH.M.0+.03/1O+.N/.=
_#= $

316
F0+.1 +E3/ 30/.. #

. 1
( &.3+.F0/..F0R..NE.
3 F0 30 30. +*0 = . +. O. F0 . S 3 N 0
E3/.+.0..F03+*S/+0+-
+/0/30.++/. 1 $ &$+F0
.0 . 30.30R. . ++/

& + O/3++
/++NS/.+++0.*0..+1.0..+
/.../3+..U0++01+M/3*.0.MH*.
1H..0+ /.+..*0.=.N.03F0
....+..0.0.3F0R..30-= 1.+++
.+.0.3+.+/U.1..+++//+
N" 330. F0+.+ . .3 F0 + /.30-= 0
3. 3/ H/ .30R. / + F0 /
33.3/.-3/.+*010+/N/.M+.
.+H/0+..0.=.*S/3+
F0N0N0.0.1.0+.3+..F0..1
+3.H/"+F0./O.N/.N30..N++F0R3+
.3+J+1F0.+././S/+
0..0H/=
++/ @*

" & 0N.3..N++H0+E3+.+.1+
0. 0 .0. F0 + .*H /M. F0 1 # .

"1
& 1.303F00.+
.0..330+.0.= +.33++.0+.
3F0JH++.3M*.>B>B>+O/3+>C>C= .*0++ =

B
I3=B>@(B>I=
317
*0..+F0H0/./-++./..N0.+3
+.0+1F0+.N*/M.*+.+1.3MF0.0..+.
.0H330+H/+F0/+.33++.+.*0..=+
H/ 30++. /*F0+3.+H+./R0
.=.F0.3*/.+3F01.
3R+=03F00./3+N.3.+0.+E3+. 0+3 +1U
3+3 +1.F0J/R**0+0.+E3+. .J/+.1.
.0.. F0 + H + 3 +1= 1 J/. 30 0
E3+. +?.+-0H.+."3.+.30+1-/./-+/.
.33..0/.+/-+3F0?.*.N/.300
OF0NME3+. ..F0.F0/M/0M3/0*.R+0
N.3=+-0H+.++ +?+H/.3++.*.+
N.3 3 /3+ + .? + 0. N0/ . . 30.

+E3+. =
+ # .
" $
$%"(1
=0.33 .+N0E3/.E0+..
F0 . F0 3 F0 / .0. . 30-U 3 . + . /M.
. + /./ /3 + .0+ F0+ 3R 0M+ +.
..++ +.0+../.= N++/.
0+HRF0..13./.F03F0+HR./++.F0
.N1/ .+*0F0+N= N/.HR01
*0N1+.HRH.*0/..0-HR/OU3
./. 3 F0R H00+ 3/ F0 . .1= /. N + *0
N1.HR++.++3/-U.1J/+*0../.
0/F03+/++.+HR=
318
03.F0*-.+03H.+..+.1.*+3.
+.F0+H/0F0/..*0.F0N/0+.*+3.=.0
3.0*. ++.+..+.3.30R./0+.0+
H+30N.+J/+*. //..F0+/M.
/0.1.* ../+0.1+/0= B>
+/0.F003-N30+++./N3..+
OE30.+=Z0M+..+.0..+/N/[ 3/.0-
N++00.+E/.++0.++/.R.+
++ + /+ .0HM + +*0 . 0+F0 + /3 F0 F0 + N
+0=+.0/-+EJ*N *13*0M
3F0?....0..=+H+./3/M.0
/0+*.+/S=0+F0...0..30.30.0.+
/N/+N30M+..+.0....0H.3+
3/3+/.<0J/+NEJ*30 *13
*0.3/310M+...0..+/N= N++MF0+N
. /N 0 . 3 +*0 .. .0.. .
/3+/30=+E3//M..01.//SER++
N0/"+NF0M3H/+/3+++./F0+
" "
"

&.R.+S0.U
3F0.0/**03H/3013*0+EJ*M
+N/3./N=0/-+EJ*13*0M
+/.J+..EO.R++ *F0+N.
/NM3/=+1+.+.E3/.1/.+0
F0 . .0.. + EJ* + 13 *0 . . .. +
/N/+NF0+M .0.++
B>
3F0J..*0++ >C>C=
319
+/N=.O/3+/0.F0../3HM+/E0
+. 0/.. . 0 H F0++. F0 . . ..
0..+H=
__= #&

9 : )
O/. F0 + F0 30/. + .1 + E3/ . .0 +.

0.. F0 3 ./3 0 .0.= 3/ F0 3 . . N .
/S/1*0+F0N./O+.1....F0 + .0.N
0=.*00./.E3+0MN0/.0.
#""% ""
"* 1 !"$

1 !" 4 . /3/. .J . .. .. ./O.
0./U/..3+F0N++.R=
03*/.F01/.0++.++F0./..E0
3F0R3..//.=<0/..10M+..+.
0...03 =/./-3/3.+...F0N/.
1..=.1/..F0./3F0+.N3N.
++1+*03++=1O/M.0.0+3H/
.=*+R.+++/ $
3./3F03+++01= +/./
/33F0.N/.H /.30-+.0.+++01.0
++=+.+.++/.F0+++01.M=/.
H+F0+..3++01.1.+.00/
.0H+.+33H0+*001=
/. . . . + +. . ." /3 F0
O/.//..+...F0N3++.+.0
+.+..+.= 1..1.+0....../3.0F0+3
320
F0++01303++33./++0++=/3+..
.+.+.+0.N++/.F0+.+.F0..3.++H /U.F0
0+F0+0-F0++.+++01.30+.+."
...F0F0.R++13F0+..30-=F0F0+
*0 * . + +0- ++ . ++ . 30= +*0. . .3+/ +
O0fB0*.30.HJ./++01.30/30+1-+/
J= 3.++/+..+.+.+.3F0++1..0.
.30/30+1-.30++.0++E/*0+0.=
.*.*0F0+.H0./0.1.H*/.03=
+.3/.N.+/?F0+N+.0..+.?1..M
0.*.J.0+0.++++++.++..+.
NO.+.+++.+././.+.?0.1.=+/+.
+.+..0OH0/.+.30/F0/3+.+.03H
+/+1.30R.0/=
/3/. +. .. .. F0 . .1 + /./ +.
.0/.F0 ! %!

& . . . + F0 + ./3+
.1 30..0+3/.+.1 3+/=
.nE3+ +H0//3+3/N3 ..+/
F0+..30"0F0.1F0R3/0+.0.NJ
.1F0+.+../O.+.03 +..+.+
..3./R+.1...++++./..O.
.3.=*,NJ.0+.0..F03J+.
NN.1+./O-.0.+.+.F030J++0-+..+.=NJ
N++F00.+.0*+.+++*0.0H
B
+ >C>C"X5O0fY=
321
./O + + + += n + /0N /M. 30. F0 N++ +.
H./.F00+0-300**0.++++0*
/+-+O+.1.30R.N.H+OH
+*=+.+.+H+E H ++0-30+0++M*0+
F0.H/+F0.++F0/.J+/?3. 0
..3+.++O+.1=
.+..1+..0+.+.M+0+.nU/..
.S30F0+1.*/+=/. F00.*03
/M.3F0?3 ++0-F030*++01.+J++H
/F00.11H/./=..
F0+../0++.1/0/3?../M.R+.0NN
/303+Jn=+N/.1... /+.
H+ .H./-+./3+.1 3+/H0*0+/1.
3.+...*0..+-/013+N3 ..+0 +
/3 ++*.00J1=
__= <

# '
.0..H.F0.0/.+.0+.0H1.=
/.N003/M./.+HJ"3/.N.R+03./
/3N.F0*+0/M//H0-= /3F0
3/.+./++....+.0+.E3//.
+ E3+ 0 *+ 3 1*0 0M+. . +. 0.. 0+. . +. H."
7#" $

$% "! ! "4 !

#$" 1 $
" "
"
" (
##" ) &
322
%M+..13O/3+F00.0+3/+.H0++.
0N.30/+"/./M.1*..3+/M..11+H0*+
NU.O/..3+.+H0*=030.F0+.0
+.0..F0H1+/0. =+/.//3/.3F0++0-+.+.
.+/+.3+."3+.+/./.*N3
..+E3/..30.F0++/M.1*3/M./3
1F01+.N.+.3+.M3/O0O0+/.
F0O. .+1 3 /=....H3
/3+3F0+./0N/M.+1F0130..+
- =
..H0../.NE3/./M.E./1.
3+. + /./ H/+ ./. *0+. /. ++. + /./
3+*0...3+.++++0-+.+.. ++
3/OM+... ++.++*0++0-/0
+.++*03+.1+/.//30E=$+.
./30.*0.F0+/+.3+..3M0+/
++0-+.+F0++*0++.=
.O/3+N/.33+.+30 $
"(1
$%0.J..3.+=..NN+/./30 F0
01/.+.+HR++J+..+.3.+3 0
.1-= F0J/.N00.//.103/.
+/./+./M...= 30.R/.03+++J01.+1-/M.
+0-.+/M.N0/F03+./O3J/...+H
/+HN0/+H+0-=+/.//.
F0/.+H+N0///.3+../O../.*0+
*+0-H.*.N0/=
323
__= <
# ' 9
././1/.+...F0..0+.

..
001-*0+/+.0.*0+.3J.1+.
/3= + J + N . /. 3 . 3F0 0 +1/ +
0 0N..*0+++F0+3+.*0=+3E/.+
1+J0/M.+N/."..0..+ *0?
/ F0 . . /R 0 / 3 F0 3 + /1/ +
+ + .+= /R +. /. F0 . 3 . 1. J . H /.
3 .=
0+...1J.J*0+H0/.HM+1*0.+./..M
+./0..H.3/.*+.++"+1 "#

. "
##

&..+.J.+
/M.++.N.+.//.+R//1../.
/..1/.F0+../3/M.+/+..+=0
+3.030.F0.0/++.0.3+.+F0++*
.0-30/M.++.+./+.+J3S++
*/F0+F0.HJ3.N..30R.=+J/M.++?
.BBN./M.N./.+>O0+0JF03R//01+
*0++>O0F0.+J/M.+*= 0F001R/../..
..0J/.HF0+++1.+/1/ B@3 +
++.+F03/F0+.+++/M.*J3/M./30
+1F00+1=
BB
?/=
B@
+ >C>C"X//Y=
324
..../.3 ..1+++ E .
03.0O.=/.N++././/.3 ."/+.
/..31+./0.>===N/.F0+.+N.0
31R.+.+.0.@N.3/.+030.*+
F0+.+.+0.+./.=/.F00.0.F01JN*.0
>===N=N++/.F03....3.1/.F0++0
++*3 E//+/./+0*++N..0.1.1+.+.F0+.
+./..@===N.=
0++0./3+/01.+1+.3/.N.+3
01/M./M.J..+/M.N.F0+H.+++*1.
+.3/.N.+/?".+.N.F0.+1N.30./.
+ 0 + N F0 ++* 0 J . 30 + +
N++/.F0NR+.0.N/M.F0+N=.
/./ . + + F0 . + N + 3+/ +. /." +0* . /0
3+F0+ F0++0O.+R.+0.+./.=n
/. .+/F0F0++0+*0E3+ 3F0RNJ.
/.@===N.1-0=
+.S+/.0?..N.0..0.J./.33 .
+.1.+/ .H+.+++=$N.?..J.N+ BI
.. /.F0+./N.F0.+H-+.+./M.0/..*.
0.?.F0.=.30R.N.E/?.?+./N..+..
1.0*3*F01+.?.3 E// BT0J+.
?.F0+./N.+.+/00/..=0/0N./N.+.+>BD
>@>IC>D/31/3.+.?./.1+
BI
%fl++/.N+=
BT
+ >C>C"X3 E//Y=
325
>@ >IB >T@=BD .1 /RF0 . ?. /0N/M. H0.
E..F0.../*JH./1++..*+/.+0-++F0.
++/ V.E?W0N/0N./N.+.+N/0N.N/..
0./.0 +?>IC>D=1J.30E3+ /+.
/N.+.+30+.0.U30+././.+1-
*0+ F0 3. 30 F0 0 F0 /. H /. +.. .M
J//+.=
- 3F0+.H.*./.F00.*.
3+. 3 /R +. /N. + .+= . / +*. .M
1*0.+H++E.1F0..1?.+.1.+
++013/R+*03+./N..+.U3/..
/0 0.. +. +0.. F0 1/. /. . / ..=
.N+++* F0+.1.+3+/J-3J+./N.+
.++0+../3..J00+J./.0/=$N30../
3 3 1*0 . .N+ J - U /. N 3 N. N N++
H0/+*01.0N3 ..=
__= ) _

F01J + F0 .030.. F0 + ./3+ +- 0 E3/ . 0
-/ 01 F0 . 1+ . /M. O +. +. + 0+-= +
.
" # %" & .30R.N
10+0H-0-N++3*O0-N+10+
+-+*0.1F0+N+.0..NM3//.F0+
-0..1/03//NNN/M.F0.1.NN."
BD
+ >C>C"X>@>@B>@@Y=
326
/.F0J/M.F0..1.= ./+.+F00-
N+ 10+ 0 H- . .N /. 3- F0 - F0 .R
10+/.F0J0.-/0130/+.3F0/
.0../31= +/30+/.O.
.M O + * *+ *0 +. . 3-. N+ . .NM= .
E3/.30./M.F0NN."+-/0..*+0*
+...F01+1M.1.NN.*0+.=+1
"
" "
") &+F0.00..0M.
+..../O../3F0+...01.../O.+/
3=1O3NE3/....E0
+..0..F00+E3/F0.3/1
.0.0..0...1*0.J0+.++../3.
0+. + .= F0.R/. HO E0 +. 0.. F0 1+1J
.N. + - N+ NJ/. / + /30 + 3 +
E3/01../30.=J/./R0..M
+.+H0.30+-+N++++*SH0*R++
03.+.F0E..0.+.=
0 N/. /3 3. .. + H F0 . +. 0..
0.30+.0+./.30H/
F0./O.0..30M./O.H.=0.30.0
-.+0= /3.3.+F0N/.+1+.F0+/..
+.0++E3/=0.++1/033+U3./3.3.+=
3.H.+.F0J/.F0E3/F0J/
3H/+.30.0+./31..= 1.30E3+..E3.
H..=0.0F0.N001.0.F0.3J
327
F0+.H/+30.33.+..+.+.0.
= .J..0*+/+.03.01.=
33/.1.E3/.3+.+.+0+-
31 +. /. 1. /. 3+
%
&
O
%
!

)
1 1 #"1

"#
1
&0NO0N+.F03*+- 3F0
3+S/M+....+.0+.-/.=
__=$ 9& )
./0HJ+E3+ /3/../3-0.0+...3
/+*+- 0+/./.*0.F0+.
..../O.J+.30./3.=
/1.*+-
3F0?.+0.03310.+1.HF0+0+.
+./M.1..F0..F0+/./33.M*0+++1.F0N.=
F0J+/.F0.*0+..0.3.+1+33=+/./
/0F01+* /J--S.3..H0.0
/0.F03.1/++.+3+/3/+.
H0.+F0.++..*0+.+/0.=
Z<0R30F0NN+++0+-0/0.E.*0+.
..[ F0 . +. 3. F0 N/. .1 10+1 + .0+ 0 +.
+-/.+Z3/..*0F0.+.3.NMN+/./[$.+
.*0/.ZF0R./.0.*0/ [/.F010+*+
NN.30+.=1++*+0.N1.+.0.
.. E3+. + -/ 01= .30R. N NN .
328
.1./.F0.0N3 ..O0..+.0..+.+.
0+. 3= 0* N/. - 01/U .30R. /3 +.
0.0....3.+++*/..N.F0R303/.H
++..3+...H00.=+.H+ .H.N3/0NH0.
+3/F0../3++1.+0. "1 "*
$

(##" "* "(
&$N/.
1.F0N./*.0/F0.HJ+0M3/.
H..*0..../.F0N*/.+.0J/3++
0+.++1.0+..0.0..+/.3+.=
S *+ F0 3/. 0E+. . ." 0
"*

#"

" #$

)
1
(
"
& #/. F0
0.03+.+"+/./.0M..+0-
//+N+0NOM+03+0/03-33+"N.
+.+.?+.../M.+*..0+.M..+.+/.
F0+1B.+/3=...03../.. +..HM+.1F0.0
J33++/?H/0.33..3+.
+...=.0/+...F0../O0.*03
.+NNF0F0./.. +.=.1/M.1/.F0
/R+.+JF0..+/.0+++01=3F0
*+.0.+N0/+13+3+1"3F01/.F0.
....+.3J0+.+.03..M+/1+/+.
3./M.3..F0++..+3/=+/.//0M3/0
N0.31J+0+30=++/.30.F0+0++.+-
.F0..3+.03.+33U.F0.+.03.
B
+ >C>C"XY=
329
0 /3. +* + / /R 3.= R. 3.
0. . .. .. 0.. /. - 3.3 F0 0.
...1/.+H00+.N++/./R0.=+0/.30.F0.
+.03.+33+/.//F0+.3..O.F0
N/..1=.3+.3/.++*+F0.+...F0.
./O.NN./../OM/R+33N+
0.+/3H0-/=..0O/3+3H*+- "
++0. F0...++*N.H/3+N3 ..+*1
n+. .1.F0 . N1N.+./1/. +.
03.+..=
/.*0O/3+0*+- 1/.F0R3/.H33 .
+. ++. +. +. /. O F0 +. ?. . 1 =
*+-/./.3..0/.F0*0O 3.M..
/./. +. ++.U 3 . E//. + *0 O F0 / 0./.
/.F0N/.0/+=.0MN++/.+../O.
/.330+*0E/+NN01/=0..3
0 3 +* 0 3 +F0M . + *0 / .0 /0 +.
/.++F0M3..././.N/..+."./*.++
+*+3.3..++F0M+/O =0./3
0.+0.+*0.E//.0+0.+/.N+++++.
./O.3+.+/O 0F0+1-/.++.".
3/.0.+M/.1S/O0+.3+0
+M/1.1M/R+.+.++0*./.=.HJ+
F0R.3++F0M+*0O +.0.+.1./.F0
..0F0+...03H.+1N0.3.N++=
/.30.F0+.+..3....F0++0-.03/0
330
+*/..03H.++./.=3/M.F0.1M./.
1J/.F0.0./00*+- F0+M//0+*
.3.+0+++0-30M+/./H /+.+.= /330.
F01/...+./..03F0E.0+M/+*/F0+.
30=Z<0RN/+.N/.J./.+.+.+/3+[0.
..+.31+E/+*-+.3.+NF0.H/=
__#= ) &'

N+ + 33 . + + / F0 /S/ 3./. 0.
-/0.F0.+3/0O+./.
+H +. 0.+" . . ++/ %"
.
H . + * . +. -/ F0 /. ++/
*+- = ' " "*
%"
#
%
& ' "* "

& .0F0.+/0S//00
..../O0S//00./..31
+0. +*0../O-1*=0N0S/.+
..1.+/./O.0S/.+33.F0/0.
./O-/.+*0.3HF0+././.33..N++M0.
...=+% 1
"("*
" "*(##" "( &
1/.0/MF0++/++3. *P?
.3./M.F0.30+.3.0/MF0130/.
++/+/R/MF013.*0F03. 1M+10+..3.
1.+.E//.+./MF0.13=././/-/.
331
.+/F0.MNN.= +/0/.0
3.3+Z /..*0/.F0.003.+/NN3+[
+F03/.N.E/+/.1..30R.HF0
++0....30..0.03H.M03.3M*30+
+3+.+/30.300.+1.+.0+0
+./M/+0.+= ....+0?./M.E/
*0++.+./M.3..0?.+./.F0+3..
0+/3+F0.003."..F0N/..+.33.
+/3+0.+./ 0E/333/3.+.J=
3. +. /S+3+. /. 0 / . . F0
0+ 3.03./0N./.H+..=../0N.
...11 %"
" !
&..NF0
./+/+..O0=0N.?..N1.0
N /. H0++. F0 F0 3J / ..* 3 3.
/0N.F0./F01=.3..F0.MN0.
.*0+.H0/0NH0+.N*.1..+...=0*
.3+...F0+*+3J.N0.+*0"01-N++R0*
0.0.F003.F0//1J/0N+*+
.F01+1 +./.++.H+.N0/./3?F0+./.=
NJ0.+F01 +-/3+*J=.+./+.
-*././/=+3F001-N.3+N0M
./3+3+U/3.NN3F0N.0+*0
33.3.NMF0+1.N+/M*03/3
+00..N+3+*0F0*=
0N.3+..3+*J= /.F0+0/?.3F0
.0.03HE../N.F0.++/./H/3
332
F0+./?.+J..+.1..+0=./?.+0
3/./0+ +.13/0..M+-UF0.
+/./F0.0+./?..+.03.+=++*J
++1 +.*0.. /.3.F0+..3.3+..0.F03+
.03H+0/."/*F0+0J0+/R.
/.1./?./+=
03..+.3..N1*0./*F0+0
N/.J.+*0+.H/.F0+/+*0=
1.++*J+..../3+EF03/.0++
0.+//=.N.+.//M.+.S/.++/.+*/."+
E/..+.+.N..N++ F0J+././.F01.F0+*0.
+.+*/.*+..=+*J/3+F0/.F0+.N.
3.0.+.+*/.+.*+.."R..+SN3 ..F030E3+
+./O-= +/3+..+.++..HM+1F0+.03H+.
+....*0+F0+3N.E//+H+3+
0.+/= 1..+.+..*0O../O.
H//?+.F0.30R.0++010..10.03H
." 1. N F0 . .1 N0++. .. 3.. 3MO. .
/+.=3/.E3+...+*J.+.+..+..+
3++/..03F0+.+...NH/+/+++
3..3+.+.+3++/0/+.?.N=
.* +*..M./-3+*JH/3+F01N
+F0 NE.+./3.F0..H/+/+.F0N
...0+.0J./.=
3..+.3+.+F0/M.+*J+=0.+
E//..0R+3./M..0.F0.F0./.
333
. /M. +. F0 . 3+/ .3. = 3+ + 3+ N
/M.0.3+F00+3+.M+3. F0+
+0*F0E30.+..+ +.+1+.=...3.
+.30.E/+/./F0+./..1N+*+/.+.
3+.MM+=+*J.3HF0+0/....1
+*0F0*.1N+.0.3+./+=
3%"
!" 1 "%
#
& S *+ F0 3/. . F0 /. /M. . ./O . .. /M.
3+.F0../O....3+F0++.F0N
.J//+.+.. F0 ../O=. +./0
3+F0+./N.+.F0..1+3+.RH/.N+
1.F0/./RHF0/ .H1.0.++01
. H /. . .3 /0./O. +. 0..= +*0. ++*
-./33+*JF0+3+N3+..
11./M./.3.+./+.3+.+"3+.-/.
1J...*0.=E3.*1..+0..
H0..O/M./.F0..HN./.+*J..3.-/.0
NN0.+.+.*+.F0+*=
+30.-3+*J.10NN.H*.+.
*.+0 0 "/..+N/.30.3.03. +.
-/..0-/.+0.=/.F0+./F0R
+.*+.+0+-1++.NN.F0.1/.UH.30R.+F0N
.0*+..+.= *E. 3/.++1./-
+.+./N.+.= /./0F0+..+ ++
1+N+.1/.E0 /.30..H.+.*.
M.=
334
./.30.1/33.3E3+30 ++-/
/+./N.+.=.303+.+..030..
N.F0+3+=N3S1*0 /++*E.+...
11.+U..F0N330+//00.
11=3/.3+*P30 F0N30...11.
+ 3+ 3 + / NN F0 .0 .03H / .H . +*0.
.3../O.+.+=
H.+*J.+*./0N.1.+.*.=...N
*+ +*0./+.3 .+..++.=0.
F0.3.J+*0.F0+.0?.3 .N.*.1O.
30.N001+3+..F01J....
/RF0+&./M.H+.F01+..++./M.
.Z3F0RNO.././+3+.+*/.["+&.J
.J+/+R*H./31N=ZF0R.O?J+/./F0+.
.+..++.+.3.3.O+.H+.[+.F0.JH+E
H+E /+= . +*J. F0 1 .0. +0.. //
.03H+.= . H/0+ .0. 3*0. 1*0 3 F0R +. 0?.
3 .3J1.0..01+&.0..++.O3
1 . +. 0.. +. /./. + / +R*H. +
H+.F0+.3 ..=
3F0N01*0NJ.F0.+.1.F03+
1.0..+.F03/+.0?.3 .1+.O3
31N.+...0/.F0 +*0+ ...3*
+.H.1..+.*.3.0.++.=
+R*H.H+.NH0+*0H.M+*++.0.=
0+3+..++.NJ1.F0.+&*+R..31N
335
30+/O..13S++F0030*3
0/.//3/0N..*0+H+F0O0.0.O
/=+3030.*+/./3?/.1.03/M.
/3+././.+S/./.+31N=+.+R*H.
.0.=

+*H.30/00.3N.1R.+.+/.+
/.//3.F0..3N.U+*3+.+*/.F0++*
303+..01-/++..F0++*.O0..
00/+.+/.+.1N3+/3+*/
01O .3+= . /M..3N../0F03 + +R*H /M./3+.
+*H..3...M=F0. *.*0E3+
..J0*.E.1+R*H.= +&0O.30.+3
+.+*/./++..++.1-*+0 /+/
..0HJ0.+3=#/.30.F0.H/0N+
-/3+*J/.F01.*0/.0./+.0..+.
+....F0-/./3+/.+1.* +-/01
+01=
__#= %
. //.1.F0R..F0R/.3.+F0
/.= + 0 N/ +. .?. + / F0 / /. +
.+/+...F0N.*0.+.F0N1=.30.00+J./3
+ *+F0.?+./.F0/S/.+=
+ !1
$
%"
")
.. /.
-F0*?=/.H003 H+.+/+-/
336
F0.N0++=3+H+.1*0=0..0
H+ F0 + +0 * + /3 3F0 . 0.. 1.*. N
/.F0N.3+./.++0+./.+/3=
. . 0 H+. 3 0 3 H+-= H+ + * .. + /+
-/F0N0*0+/+.N/.+3+
+0=0...30+*00//3+J++0
01+3.F0++/.+++ .0.1.F0.
0/RN.10.1.3.J/././../O.=
.M-/+F0+0F03F00.3.../...
N.00.+0N.+0.+=
3+/.+0.01.?+/3//0N.3J..3+
/.01-+./0/M.01-+/./J=.3+3+
F0001-++001+/+/3=+/3
+.F0F0++0H+/3+3F0.J+0-E3
33.3F0+NJ.JH0/=..0/+-//
+F0*+3 H+.U./M.F0+3 ./3++H+.3 =
+ */.0..+/+3+)
30%"
)0
H+.=
30.+3+.M.*H /.F0J+F0O/.
+. /. +0.. . + + + * 01= /3 F0
F0/.+.*+.133..+.+.+*./0+F0+.
F0N/.3*0.0..H./.)
& +NNF0
. +. /+. . F0 . . . + H0+ /1. 3 .J
/./.H/.F0OF0+3/1.3.J/./.0/+
1+/.+*++.+*.//.0.XH++R//
.0Y=1-F0.F00+F0+.*+.+.+*././M0
337
.3.H+= +1+ +3/*+.++/XH++.0
R/.Y" . /. 1 0 +0. . 3/.. *1. . F0 N
NXH++.3/..*1.Y=+F0N30. +F0O/.
+ .+*./ M . H0+ .. . /0N. .. H+= 30
3F00*0/.O0.+.*+..3..3+*0H0.
+.*H +.33..R/..0*0/H+-"/.
+...F0/M.H00.+.H+.=
__#= % ,&i
+./M./S+/+-/.+1-+ "

"#
..
R/.F0/M.0.*H0+0*.*H0.+0*
= 3 #1

)

!" #& 0
H/ *0. F0 .0 3/ 0 .H F0 / .H/
.3 + + + .0 .3J /R R+ .J .0 H0 0
.H+0.+= *0/./.H0./
0.0R/.+/./.+*./13*0+..=N..
F0.HJ+F0./.0.+/./3+..*H.1..=
0.3/0+* *+++F0/3.*.+.3..F03.
+/.3..++..OF0F0+++/3J/R+./.+
F03..++..0+3+/..0..03*
3 33 .. H= . 0+ F0 0 3. 3 +/.U 3
/.1.33. ./3+/F0+F03+/..0
3.= +3.+-. +++/..+11+F0+/.
+N.S+O+*031N./+F0=
0++.*+/N.F0.3+.+/+./*.
338
F03.3.033../*.*+/0F0
11=0N.3+.+H0++1.+.3+.=
.*H .03+301.30*0*..=
%/.N.+.30F0.0* +...
.+ /R++
*+/1+*01+F01 F0++....30*1F0.
+N++/+X.+ +/YU++*
./*.+/+E3. XF0300F0*0Y=+N
+3/+.0 10F0*0./3F0.1
..0F0./3+/F03.3+/"3NJ3.H..
+.*H +3+XF03.Y=
+ R3 + 1+0 %. +*0. H+ .H. /J F0 +. .
*.NNE/+F0+30+*3F0++..X+..1.
+30+Y+..1..0.0?.= F0JN01.+H+
/*P= 0 F0 +. . *. .1 .0. 30+.
3.1N+F0O0./M.H.+30+F0*=
N3+*J..F0N+*0+.1..+.1F0
3. +. +. 3. /M. . +. .. 3*. 3 N + F0 +.
3..F0+.3*+.=+/./+.F0F0030N
1H/+...+/F0++*3+NNN.+*
3. ./=
#..3.H+30+/*P/M.HM+.0.F0.=
1.+H0. 0+.+1+.*+0/./R/=
0R.+F0.O+.3.+E.+.R/.
+1.= J1.+/.0+0F03F0.0+F0X.+.+.
+,++0.,M.M+ +H*+Y
339
BC+.3++,++0.NN+.+ +H=0
/.X.+.+.+,++0.,MYF0/.X.++.
O0.Y30.F0++..M++.H/3+.F030.+
+H=...N/00/..F0+H0. .1
F0.3+F0/0N.3..303 ..+=$
N/.N++3.N=.3+F0+.0+/F0* F0+
3.R+.+.F03.F03F0..+..*.3..
++/@3JF01.+O0.+..*.3JF01.
3+=3.30.+F0JNJ++/3JO.F030
N +1 + HR. + / .0 /U N F01 + S/ .0
*/UNH0+/.00F0+0F0.J+
NN..F01. +3.=0F00N/+.0..
+.N03N+*0.... ""
"##!$
"
#
#1 #

".F0+N/N0.
+//3J*N=0 0*S/NN.+*.
3.30/0N.1.+F0.++/N *X1
0.+YF0.00..*00030/3+0
30..=
...03+...
.+ /R+N*-
0.3*/.X+*...Y=.//...+*./0
0H+++.F01/.E/= .3O/3+F0+.+?+.+/(
+S/+.3.30/3+0/.0..+.3+/M.
..F0.M.+S/*..0H=/./..+.3.
+./F0..+.O..+.H.*03...=..+0/
F00+F0..*/.3J.*0+F0.33N..U3
BC
+ >C>C"XY=
@
+ >C>C"X+/Y=
340
..HF0.+.*/.30N+0/.//33F0
*/+0/.0..+.0.*3O0+./M.=.
O/3+/.301.F00. + *F03J.0/1
0 . + .+ 3 3/ 1- 30 + 3. .3 3 *
S/3..0.+.+H0. F0?./0..=
+/.././*R+H+F0.0.F00
N//0300.,H00.0/.F03-3.
.0F0-=.F0.0F0-3J.+0.0/N0./M.
F00.+1-=+/./*0/3J @>0.0./0N....
H/"3F0J+H0+N//M...+F0+
*0/330+.H...F030.0.=.+/3
1.3+F0N0++ .0H0
.+/3.+.1.F0..3R+=
1./.+H+30.+F0/..+0/.F0
3F0+*.1+O00*03..+/./.M10
+...+*03=..)
Q

$&.+..+.
0*/30/3.+00U3.J.0.03F0
.++*/30/+03.J.+=.1O.+.//0N/M.
F0+.1O.*."..33F001O+//M.F00*
. 3F0 N /M. 1O. +. F0 *.= . +. //. 0 3
30+/.+0+3.N++*O000. U
3...*0F0//+3 N0++*3.J/./
0. *0+=
. 3H.. + *0. /0N H+. + M/ 1. E+.
31.+./.+"X/1Y"X+O+1Y=.HJ+
@>
+ >C>C"X3JY=
341
HO+..H.=0.*HF0NH0+F01-+0
N/+.=0F0F00.0HO+-M0+F0
/3.3+=3.030.N+0.F03F00*
+1 O ++*0 +1 0 3M/ 0 + /3+ 0
+3+O10+0.+3.30++1/3../?.=
0311+3M/33F00+30+3+XY+
.*H F0+3+-=J./R/3./0++/33F0X+F0
0 N/ N N/ + 30 NY= / . 0 N/ 30 H
+ */..3/..F030.0+.+.33+.+<0J//
1. @ 1 0 01 / N + / ,../ @B . +
A" / Nf.3@@ 1++..0+/.F00.+.3J0N0//
+ F0. + / + . / +O *= + 31 .M
.+/0.F0F0F00O0/0N./++.
N/.30N++F0++.F0.3.N.....=.31.
.0+3/03H0.3F0./0/*0.=
.H+.31H0. +.*H+*0+.R/..

"

&#R.30O/3+ /303.0
30.3+H/0.+*./3/0"
X*S+.30..E.Y=
X+*0.*S+.30.Y=
X0*+*0.E.Y=
F0X*S+.30.Y.0F0J00R//U3.
.J.F0+N.3/..*1.+.F03/.1+0.
+*0=
@
01.=+ >C>C"X1..Y=
@B
,../=
@@
+ >C>C"X Nf.3Y=
342
0.3H+/S+...+.F0F0H
0/+0.F0.. #
O+./M.F0
/*0/H0.F0+.F0.+=.N-++R.00
F0.3.*0J3+1..*.F0+NJ1./+
F0.+0."++R.330.++/.*.F0+NJ1.=
*0+/+ *H0+H.F0+F0++//+.. "
X./+.U.=Y.3+F0..0+HF0
N.ON+F0..O+/*H.F01+0...0
/30.HJ+=N.0300+0/+./+.
+/*0-NE +H0-+ *0*0/+M
+.3..F0+0.=
.3/03+*.H+/01+.+. *0F0
./O+*.S+/X++0. Y.+ @I 1
)

"
#

&.*.330
/0/3+F0.++/+*0N+ ..3F0+
0..3F0+F0./ +++NF0R..
./U3.*.F0R..030/0.*3F0.
.+30/.0/.+0O+.O0./..3N3
= 03 *.F0.0.0N/N/0/30+
.0*3F030.+0.+0+/3F0+/./
NF0./ +0+/0*3O/3+.030+=.
+303.0//3+.0+F0. +N30F0+
0. .01 + 30+ . + / N. +. > + N= $ .0 F0
3./0N.30..F0+30++1F0+
/H033=<030.+.O0.+NHF0+0.30
@I
+ >C>C./++.=
343
.+30++++0+/0*=NMH0-+*0+ *
.H/.F0+O0.HF0+M0.+..*./3+.3
3++1.+/+HF0. +30=
=
88"
$$#

# "
&
M0+*+/+/X3++*/
+.H0-.Y=&S/*.J./.H+ .H.N*0-+/...
+.3/..+H/.U3*0N.*0/.+..03
F0+*033. .E/*0+.+0+.ME+0+.
+ *=0N.N/.01+0N30+*0/.+ *.33+
E..U33H0+H..0.1.NNN/+++1
F0.3/.=
/.1F0/0N.H+ .H.N30+M+F0
N3N..03033. .*0++F0F0J/.=
..+H++X

;F0../3F0++F0N
.3=0/3..H+3+HJ+.3+
E3++301../.= 1.310/0.
.03F0N/.E3++.=/./0N/0F00?30
3*0 +/ 3 F0R.1 1R.0.+= N3N.N
E3+3F0R.11R.+..+.1..03.. +./.F0
1R.+/3+.. +..301=0/0J/.F0.
3011R.+13F0X+1..3Y=F0J./..03
+/./F0././."F00...3..+0/+
/./F0F0.3011R.++=.N0+.+.H+
/M.*F0+R=0.0.E+./.+30O1/0
..3F0RN/0.0NO=X./M.HM+E3+Y.3+30
344
+/R *++"@TX./03F0N3+0.+3+Y=X J.JY3++
3UX3Z3F0RN3+0.+3+[Y *+++.+./.
.30."X.0../O.0..M0+F0+3R+0.
+3+..3./+/3/+ ++*0Y=
//M.H0.+.H+../3+/.F0
/3+0..3 +**P.30R.F03F0+*F0.3/.
3 . *R . = 0 1. 30. . /3? +
*.0.0. /03..3+F0+*0++.H+++
+.0. +.3M.N0+.+.+/.0.3+./.11.F0
+.+/.0.30.=.3.+30.F033 .+
0.30.-.J"
X30.+*.3+.3+/.Y=
X.3+..30N.3+/.Y=
X0*.30 30..3+.Y=
H/.-/.3N+U3F0JN+/M.F00
3 -/= X 3+/.Y . ++/. +. 3+. F0 0
+/ 30 0 30= $ + F0 . . N F0 1*0 .
3./ + F0 /. 3 1*0" F0 +. 3+. + 30 H0
3+/.=
. 1.. + ../ EM/. 3 . . F0 . 33
./ +. +0/. + 1J.3 +. EM/. 3 F0 .* .
3. ++. F0 +. /. F0. . X33 Y .
..J./1+ . 1+ +*= 3 F0 NF0J 0 -/F01 F0
...03F0.+.+0/.F0.3.E/.X33.Y+
/.//= 0+0/3-S033. 0+.+3
@T
+ >C>C"X*++Y=
345
//+/0.+0*+.+E//..+F0.M
/./.0..0+33 +0+. +31N++0/
NO+*+//=.++0/-0-3+3E/+E/
.0/3?+*0.+.0+.30.3/+.3(
*0.F0.++.+N*.F0NM33.0.03+*0
RE.0E/U3+33 N....+0/.+F0
H0+.= 0F0++0/+1++*0./..?.+.3+/.
F0./3 3.31N /..0+*.+.H.
F0O+/+.0-0+.3+/.0.+&/J=
__#= % )

#
/.1.F0..0///33H0.+/F0..0+*P
0.30+H0NNNN= ../+*-
+.03. F0E.+*J./O-*+/.NN.U3+/
3+....N..H..0.1*0F0/.-.
.0H.F0H0+.=./0/S+3.F03F00/N.
03..MU+/*F0+F000H/0M
. /R= A! 1
1

%

!)&H0+..H.H=
+/.M.00./F03/.1+00/./
+.+...F0.3= 3./3-+?30.0.3/.3+.
.+ 0++/=+/X33MY. +.03.0.
N/.13F0.1F0.3+./M.N/..03303
S+.H../O-.F0N++.=$O/.F003F0N.
3+./-1-F01*03+00+3.F0+O
346
*+/ *+3R++3=.... ++.
3.+.?..3...0/M.+10F0+
++.3.+0+*+-*33 +.0=
N./M.H0F0+30+ 0+1O.=
3.H
.F0+H1.H+0 E?10+1+.0
30+0+.+ F01/.+F0.F0.
++= :0-* +. /++. N. F0 + 30+ 3 0. 0. ++. F0
.03H+/3.+.N+./.N= F0
. . +. F0 +. *? H F0 + . .++
=./0H0O0-*+.30+..+1O../1+-.3+..
.H1+.F0.0.+3 .0.N.=03+.F0+.
.+1O.F011+....E3+./01&03O/3+
N./+.3+.30+.+.0F0.F0N+MH3F0++. (
/.+0+10+/F0+..+1O.....10.O.
+.EO.=.N...3*+-HF0.+.
N.03J.E./+01&0.E/*0+.+.+
.=.NN.3.+1O+*03..*++
N3+F03.30+.EO.+*/M.F0*5* N*N
fn@D+*0..30..+/+...N".
30.NHF0+/.3+ N./++.
...30.F0.3/++.EO.=
.*S/-/0+F0.03F0...3...
/+...3..F0N/.1.=+.+/0.1F0.
N+/../.F0+1.M/-+3F0..00+-.+.
..N03.03+H+333/..0+/-++
@D
+ >C>C"X:5nY=
347
3F0+/0../3+.003+.=3/./-+
+/.//F0+.3J0+.+1+3+ 0 /.
N3.*03*+-++3H/++0O0*+
..30R.N+S/N.0+.+...+.
1../.+ F0./03+F0-/./0..H*.
.+.+..33+.+ F0./..0=/.H/O0
*0 03+F0*+++.3 .=/+.*.+
3H +. . + F0 N .0 3 E *1
.....H0../.NN..0.+.3 ..**
3.0.+0/.+F0.F0N*.3.0.+.F0
+. 0/+. .0.. /R.. 3JH. + 1 = .
3 ./M..0+.H*03./N.+./.N-?.10.
+.30+.N/.F0//.0./*.=Z<0RN3H/O0
%3+F0+++.3 .+/.[ +F00+.3 .
*+..+1+...
.+ /R+N++/
F0 .R ./3 . + /. 0 . + 3.+
+1 . .0. /M. J/. /*." . .*0 F0 0 +. ..
.
++..30..3JH.F0N/F03+/N1.
.01.303.+=
././/..0+O0-*E.1.1+.X+*...Y
.1...O.=F0001-.N1+..
.. 3.. F0 N .* 3 / . 1+. +*+. +.
.. F0 N +. +. + */U 3 .J O0. .03 F0 . +.
O..+.......+0/*0+."NJ/M.
O0.F0O0-*.+.O.3+....3.+*0.++.=
348
+. . 3MH. . N F0 .. 1. .. *+-
33H+.U3.HJ+.*0+...3./M.+..*R
/+. -/.=
. 1. H/. F01/ + F0 . 0 *
S/../*+*+./R+*S..3+F0.M
/333/+*+=+1/.+*+- /.+O.=.1.
3/.+F0. +.+*0....3+.+././.H0.
/0N.../..0.*+*+=$...*P/.0
.30+30+30+30+/R/F0N++.
E ++*J+*0= +3/..H+.30++/. )

4+.*0
4+

&
. *+ *+ F0 . +. 3+. 3F0 . + O +
H+0++0-+.+U./.30.03+001+++*0
O/M. ++0-+ .+N++/. 3*+*+F0+3+ =.*+
*+3+.....3+.3O/3++.3+.F0.0
0 0+ 0R0+" +. 33. +. O. +. +NH. :0.+R . 3+.
./O.MM3+/+./=.N*(1O.+....
+.. N*. . . .3. 1.. +. 3+. H+ F0 0+/
1+/.3++.*0*+F0N/.0+.1 .+.
3+.=
N*30+0R.++
.+0E+++0-+.+=&3+...F0./J../0
.+.H/.01.O+0U+0HF0./M.F00
.3N*0/*0.1/ @ +../3
O=
@
+ >C>C"X1/Y=
349
+..0.N/.3.3+*3+0+..F0
H0+/++*.+F0.01.3/3.++= 0+...F0
./E3..3+.+.+..0.*+/..1F0
E../3+.E3.=030.+.H+.+3N F0
+.3.O..++/.R..M/1/=F0.0F0
.3N /3+./3+.+H++.0+.+3M
O.+0R..M/N++/0N/..*F0+./M.
/0N. 1. . 1 +*. 3 +. E*. .0 /3+ N + F0 +.
3.O. . 3NJ= /3 . 3J .* 0 3.O 3 N 1+ .
3N ./..F0N0/M.3+*F0M.+F0.+
R+"/+O1++.+3+*+.3.O...
F0J1+++=
N+*+./M.+F0+F0.+F0*S*+R.30.0
.+10=+.1..0 330+++"
X0.M0 /.0.+1Y=
/**+/..+..NJF0+.0+.
+*0.+0.O.3+.+.3..+.+0+
. + /M. F0 0 / 01 30. + .+10= F0 F0J .0 3
.030..F0+*+*+.3+.330/++.*+...
N- 3 . 3+ +. *+.. /+. 3 /M. F0 1- 3./. .
E3 03/.+1.330+=
.*0.3+.H+.F01/..0.+F0 !1
$"

!& +NNF0+.R+.+M
3S. 30 + /0 0 . +. / *. . 0/. F0
30M ./3 + /0 . *?/. .*0 3F0 + 0. /0
H0/++./0./.3..0//3F0?./0
350
+0.= +. 3J.. E. + H0. .0/ / E. +.
.30..N../3F0*..0..H0-.+*F0.
3NJ + 1 +. / +. .*. F0 0. + 0. ++.= ..
../3.0++*/- .0N.++.+.+N +.
F0++N+.01=.+/F0+..+N +./++
nN.f/.* 300.+/0+/./F001/0
1=$./RF0.3.+.+0/+NM
H0/..+..E.1.=..NN.30H.
F0++N+.010./3.3F0?./-+.
*0= /.1F0+.1./M.1..1/.0.+.
0....0H/3F0?.=.0. +*F0.+.0.=
+.F0F0E/+.3*+- H+.F0..
*P0..3+..3++.0+.E.E 1=
F0 .R 3/ 0 N/ .+ *+3. 3 H. R+ *+3.
+.++++-+.H0-.H.F0.R3/F0.
+0N.H.30?-..03+-3S+=+3/
..H..O0."+.*0.0EN .30*=
0.0..3+3N+*J+*0/.=*+/
.30+.03E.+3..0/N30..+..
++.=.H....0/+*F0..0+.F0+.
.30..F0+++/..0+,+.+.F0O0*++-
O++* +/J-F031./.3N.+-/+F00
++*3+=F0J....F0/3E.+*J=
3/+.30+ +* /J-/..30+../O.3F0++.
11/+/++.1*+/. +H3
+.F0/3+.30+ .31N3S+=30.+/./
351
3+.30+ +..++.+.F0..H+*0
*+ +. F0 +. /. . F0 . 3 ++* . 0 @C
/3..3+.31N.+.F0*=
%M+.1F0.H+0..3+./M.F00+.H+
H+.+*JE3+=0.3M.F0303 #
%"

"* HF0+F0.1
0..M1.+.F0.+./O+.30../O-F0.R
/3.+.=3 %"

! "*%
&
..+O+.*+.++ *01"3.3O0-*+
/3. 3.+0M0.-/.0M.H+.=
@C
+ >C>C"X0Y=
352
ÍNDICE GENERAL
Traducciones (volumen 1)
MIS HJOS,de Victor Hugo /8
CARTILLAS HISTÓRICAS. ANTIGUEDADES CLÁSICAS I.
ANTIGÜEDADES GRIEGAS,por J. P. Mahaffy / 33
CARTILLAS HISTÓRICAS. ANTIGUEDADES CLÁSICAS II.
ANTIGÜEDADES ROMANAS,por A. S. Wilkins / 121
CARTILLAS CIENTÍFICAS. NOCIONES DE LÓGICA,
porW. Stanley Jevons / 235
ÍNDICE GENERAL / 353
353
La Edición Crítica de las Obras completas de José
Martí (1853-1895) recoge sus manuscritos e impresos
conocidos hasta hoy: proclamas, discursos, manifies-
tos, comunicaciones, dedicatorias, cartas, correspon-
dencias periodísticas, crónicas, artículos, ensayos,
narraciones, obras de teatro, poemas, semblanzas
biográficas, traducciones, dibujos, borradores, frag-
mentos de escritos y cuadernos de apuntes.
El contenido de los tomos se ha ordenado y combi-
nado por fechas, temas y géneros, apreciando tanto
la evolución y línea del pensamiento martiano como
el paralelismo de su accionar político, periodístico y
literario, simultaneidad que empieza a manifestarse a
partir de los años 1875-1876, para intensificarse pos-
teriormente. Organizar cronológicamente los textos
nos permite observar esa evolución del pensamiento
martiano, pero —a su vez— separa en diferentes to-
mos grupos de textos que habitualmente (y por deseo
expreso del autor en su carta devenida testamento li-
terario) se han presentado juntos, como ocurre con
las Escenas norteamericanas y las Escenas europeas.
La confrontación de los textos con sus originales —o
variantes de estos— ha conllevado a la natural recti-
ficación de erratas, así como la fijación del texto más
permisible. Los escritos de época han suscitado con-
venciones editoriales, atendiendo a los modernismos
en la ortografía y el lenguaje. La peculiar puntuación
martiana ha sufrido modificaciones imprescindibles,
pero siempre respetando la intencionalidad del autor.
Estas Obras completas son fruto de la colaboración
de investigadores y editores del Centro de Estudios
Martianos, expertos conocedores de la obra y de la
caligrafía de Martí, estudiosos de la obra martiana en
el mundo y numerosas instituciones, que han conver-
tido esta “obra” en reflejo de la sentencia que incluyó
Juan Marinello, en 1963, en su prólogo a la edición de
las Obras completas de la Editorial Nacional de Cuba:
“Una edición crítica es el hombre y su tiempo —todo
el tiempo y todo el hombre—, o es un intento fallido”.

JOSE MARTI - Tomo 20 PDF

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

JOSE MARTI - Tomo 20 PDF

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

José

Proyecto de edición:Cintio Vitier y Fina García-Marruz.

Centro de Estudios Martianos

Calzada 807, esquina a 4, El Vedado | 10400 Estados Unidos 1168 | C1101AAX

Equipo Secretario Ejecutivo

  \# 

    =% ` =>B=

$ .J  .  /  .30R.      ?.    O  N    +  %      

&i  & &

 & &  

+  /    +  .    0    +  *0  &  .  .

@='   

  ,    

   /  +.  .+1.  /R..  F0  3J  +  H1    .0  0?   

 #  `,   

=L +/3 R.1J./.*R.+. 

>$$    

  & 9  

=   

=    

1. +/3./..010./.+0 +

 ,  %  ' ' &  

=:0>1J./3.O0+./.  +/0..

#= %  ;   ,

#= & % 9   ; 

# =  

_= #   

_ = &  & 

_ =  &   ; 

_ =   &

_ #= & &  %

_#= )  

_# = )  

_# =, # 9$_ 

_# =   $

 3F0JH++.3M*.>B>B>+O/3+>C>C= .*0++ =

_ _= # &

O/.    F0  +  F0  30/.  +  .1    +  E3/  .  .0  +.

__=  <

__ =  ) _ 

__ = $ 9&  ) 

__ #= )  &'

__# = %   , &i 

+./M./S+/+-/.+1-+   "

__# = %   )  

ÍNDICE GENERAL / 353

También podría gustarte

\#

=% `=>B=

$ .J . / .30R. ?. O N + %

&i &&

& &

+ / + . 0 + *0 & . .

@='

,

/ +. .+1. /R.. F0 3J + H1 .0 0?

# `,

=L +/3 R.1J./.*R.+.

>$$

&9

=

=

1. +/3./..010./.+0 +

, % ' ' &

=:0>1J./3.O0+./. +/0..

#=% ; ,

#= &% 9 ;

#=

_=#

_= & &

_= & ;

_= &

_#= & & %

_#= )

_#= )

_#=, # 9$_

_#= $

3F0JH++.3M.>B>B>+O/3+>C>C= .0++ =

__= #&

O/. F0 + F0 30/. + .1 + E3/ . .0 +.

__= <

__= ) _

__=$ 9& )

__#= ) &'

__#= % ,&i

+./M./S+/+-/.+1-+ "

__#= % )