Está en la página 1de 17

$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

CAPÍTULO 1  INTRODUCCIÓN


4=2C24:@?6D

#?@C ?AJ?P?P OSC N?P? J? CJ?@MP?AG_L BC CQRC JG@PM CJ ?SRMP QC @?Q_
NPGLAGN?JKCLRC CL J? TCPQG_L TGECLRC BC J? 'S]? BC JMQ &SLB?KCLRMQ BC J?
$GPCAAG_LBC0PMWCARMQ'S]?BCJ0-"/+c 3CVR?%BGAG_L ?^M !BCKZQ 
CJ ?SRMP PCAMLMAC OSC ?JESLMQ AMLRCLGBMQ BCJ JG@PM QC @?Q?L CL ?B?NR?AGMLCQ
BCJG@PMQN?P?NPCN?P?PJ?ACPRGDGA?AG_L0-0cBC?SRMPCQPCAMLMAGBMQAMKM2GR?
-SJA?FW -GAF?CJ.CUCJJ *MQCNF0FGJJGNQW+GK(CJBK?L%QRMQ?SRMPCQDSCPML
JMQNPGLAGN?JCQKCLRMPCQ LMQ_JMN?P?OSCCJ?SRMP?NPM@?P?QSCV?KCL0-0c 
QGLMN?P?F?ACPPC?JGB?BCJNPGKCPJG@PMCLCQN?^MJQM@PCCQR?RCKZRGA?

“0-)”, “0-"/+”, “0-0” y “/0-” son marcas registradas por el Project
-?L?ECKCLR )LQRGRSRC )LA %J 0-)c LM F? N?PRGAGN?BM CL J? CBGAG_L BC CQRC
JG@PM#S?JOSGCPCPPMPAMLACNRS?JCQBCCVAJSQGT?PCQNMLQ?@GJGB?BBCQS?SRMP


=42?4656==:3C@

%VGQRCSL?RCLBCLAG?EJM@?JAPCAGCLRCBCJ?QMPE?LGX?AGMLCQN`@JGA?QWNPGT?B?Q
? CVGEGP ? QSQ BGPCARMPCQ BC NPMWCARMQ J? M@RCLAG_L BC J? ACPRGDGA?AG_L
GLRCPL?AGML?JBC0PMHCAR-?L?ECKCLR0PMDCQQGML?J 0-0c

%QR? ACPRGDGA?AG_L GLRCPL?AGML?J CQ ?BKGLGQRP?B? NMP CJ 0PMHCAR -?L?ECKCLR
)LQRGRSRC 0-)c  J? MPE?LGX?AG_L KZQ PCAMLMAGB? KSLBG?JKCLRC CL CQR?
K?RCPG?

3G @GCL CQRC JG@PM CQRZ CLDMA?BM ? NPCN?P?P CJ CV?KCL 0-0c  RMBMQ QSQ
AMLRCLGBMQ CQRZL BGPGEGBMQ ? JMQ OSC OSGCP?L QCP KCHMPCQ $GPCARMPCQ BC
0PMWCARMQW?JA?LX?PNPMWCARMQCVGRMQMQ


+:>3@=@8N256==:3C@
-<=GH93_JMQGPTCN?P?PCJ?H?PJ?JCARSP?
#0?P?F97CF85F
*#ADCFH5BH9
*F9;IBH5
>9F7=7=C
,*5F5F@5@97HIF5N?P?PCQMJTCPSL?NPCESLR?MCHCPAGAGM
2

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

ÐBHF585GBCSLNPMACQM
"9FF5A=9BH5GMR\ALGA?QBCSLNPMACQM

Ò-5@=85GBCSLNPMACQM

#BG97HC2CJJCL?CQN?AGMQCL@J?LAM
0=89C,GLI?TGBCMCL)LRCPLCRUUUN?@JMJJCBMAMKTGBCMQ
*@5BH=@@5,GLI?NJ?LRGJJ?CL)LRCPLCRUUUN?@JMJJCBMAMKNJ?LRGJJ?Q


4\PKGLMQ?@PCTG?BMQ
0-)c0PMHCAR-?L?ECKCLR)LQRGRSRC
$0$GPCARMP?BCNPMWCARMM$GPCARMPBCNPMWCARM
%$4%QRPSARSP?BCBCQEJMQCBCJRP?@?HM


(C68F?E2D56D:>F=24:P?
%QRC JG@PM QC AMKNJCKCLR? AML NPCESLR?Q BC QGKSJ?AG_L CL CQN?^MJ
CQNCAG?JKCLRC BGQC^?B?Q N?P? ?OSCJJMQ NPMDCQGML?JCQ OSC OSGCP?L NPCN?P?PQC
N?P?PCLBGPJ?ACPRGDGA?AG_LGLRCPL?AGML?J
!JDGL?JGX?PA?B?A?N]RSJMCLAMLRP?PZQNPCESLR?QN?P?PCDMPX?PMAMKNJCKCLR?P
JM ?NPCLBGBM %L J? R?@J? ? AMLRGLS?AG_L QC NPCQCLR? SL PCQSKCL BC CQR?Q
NPCESLR?Q?EPSN?B?QNMPJ?QBGQRGLR?QZPC?QRCKZRGA?QBCJJG@PM
 2'( .9A5G 5BH=858
*F9;IBH5G
 $)!'.l34)#/ 4MBMQ 
 -?PAM#MLACNRS?J #MLACNRMQECLCP?JCQ 
 0PMACQMQ 'PSNMQBC0PMACQMQ 
 )LRCEP?AG_L 'CQRG_LBCJ?)LRCEP?AG_L 
 !JA?LAC 'CQRG_LBCJ!JA?LAC 
 #PMLMEP?K? 'CQRG_LBCJ#PMLMEP?K? 
6 #MQRM 'CQRG_LBCJMQ#MQRMQ 
 #?JGB?B 'CQRG_LBCJ?#?JGB?B 
 2CASPQMQ 'CQRG_LBCJMQ2CASPQMQ 
 #MKSLGA?AGMLCQ 'CQRG_LBCJ?Q#MKSLGA?AGMLCQ 
 2GCQEMQ 'CQRG_LBCJMQ2GCQEMQ 
 !BOSGQGAGMLCQ 'CQRG_LBCJ?Q!BOSGQGAGMLCQ 
 )LRCPCQ?BMQ 'CQRG_LBCJMQ)LRCPCQ?BMQ 
 &).!, 4MBMQ 
.).& 

0?P? NP?ARGA?P AML KZQ NPCESLR?Q BC QGKSJ?AG_L  CL  UUUN?@JMJJCBMAMK


NMBPZQ?BOSGPGPSLQGKSJ?BMPOSCGLAJSWCNPCESLR?QNMPEPSNMQBCNPMACQMQW
MRPMQCVZKCLCQ


3
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

2C24E6CNDE:42D56=6I2>6?(%(R

%JCV?KCLAMLQGQRCCLNPCESLR?QBCMNAG_LK`JRGNJCN?P?PCQNMLBCPCLSL
KZVGKMBCFMP?Q

.MQCA?JGDGA?AMLNSLR?HCLCE?RGTMJ?QPCQNSCQR?QGLAMPPCAR?Q

* !HFHGHL><:EB?B<:<HGINGM:C>G>@:MBOH =>;>KW:L<HGM>LM:K2-"1
E:LIK>@NGM:L:NGJN>GH>LMVLL>@NKH=>E:K>LIN>LM:<HKK><M: 

(?WNPCESLR?QCLAS@GCPR?QOSCLMQCA?JGDGA?L NCPM?JLMQ?@CPASZJCQQML
CQR?QNPCESLR?QBC@CQPCQNMLBCPRMBMCJCV?KCL%QR?QNPCESLR?QCLAS@GCPR?Q
QCSRGJGX?L?KMBMBCNPSC@?N?P?DSRSPMQCVZKCLCQ

%J NSLR?HC BC ?NPM@?AG_L CQ T?PG?@JC  NCPM BC@CP]?Q M@RCLCP RS ACPRGDGA?AG_L
0-0cQGAMLRCQR?QAMPPCAR?KCLRCCJBCJ?QNPCESLR?Q

%J GBGMK? MPGEGL?J BCJ CV?KCL CQ GLEJ\Q  NCPM QC NSCBC MNR?P NMP RP?BSAGP J?Q
NPCESLR?Q ?J CQN?^MJ %QR? ?JRCPL?RGT? CQ KSW `RGJ N?P? JMQ ?JSKLMQ BC F?@J?
FGQN?L?3GPGLBCQCLAMKNSR?BMP? J?QNPCESLR?QTCLBPZLCLGLEJ\QWAMLSL
QGKNJC AJGA J?Q NSCBCQ RP?BSAGP ?J CQN?^MJ  N?Q?LBM BCJ CQN?^MJ ?J GLEJ\Q CL
AS?JOSGCPKMKCLRM

%J CV?KCL BC 0-0c JM ?BKGLGQRP? CL DMPK? CVAJSQGT? CJ 0-)c  W QC NSCBC
PCLBGP CL AS?JOSGCP GLQRGRSRM OSC NMQC? AMKNSR?BMP?Q N?P? PCLBGP CVZKCLCQ
GLRCPL?AGML?JCQ @?HM J? PCB 0PMKCRPGA ,? DCAF? BCJ CV?KCL J? DGH? CJ ?JSKLM
0?P?K?WMPGLDMPK?AG_LUUUNPMKCRPGAAMKNKG

4MB? J? GLDMPK?AG_L QM@PC CJ AMQRM BCJ CV?KCL W N?P? F?ACPQC KGCK@PM BCJ
0-)cJ?NSCBCM@RCLCPCLUUUNKGMPE

##E.+'[LN>E><:F;B:KE:L<:K:<M>KWLMB<:L=>E>Q:F>G EHLK>JNBLBMHL
=>:IEB<:<BYG EHLIK><BHLREHLIHK<>GM:C>L=>:IKH;:<BYG 

-0>G=BKIHKL>@NG=:O>S>LFUL;:K:MH .HKEHM:GMH GHM>=>L:GBF>L
LB<K>>LJN>GH:IKH;:KUL>GMNIKBF>KBGM>GMH 

,? ACPRGDGA?AG_L 0-0c BSP?  ?^MQ 3GL CK@?PEM  J? ACPRGDGA?AG_L NMBP]? BSP?P
RMB? J? TGB? QG A?B?  ?^MQ QC HSLR?L  0$5Q 0PMHCAR $CTCJMNKCLR 5LGRQ 
,?Q 0$5Q QC NSCBCL ?ASKSJ?P ?QGQRGCLBM ? AMLEPCQMQ QM@PC BGPCAAG_L BC
NPMWCARMQ PC?JGX?LBM?AAGMLCQBCTMJSLR?PG?BMN?P?J?QAMKSLGB?BCQBCJ 0-)c 
AML ?ARGTGB?BCQ BMACLRCQ  RP?@?H?LBM CL NPMWCARMQ W T?PG?Q MRP?Q ?JRCPL?RGT?Q
N?P?CJBCQ?PPMJJMBCJ?NPMDCQG_LWKCHMP?AMLRGLS?
 

4

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

T(@CBFMC6?5:C6=6I2>6?(%(R

,?QNPGLAGN?JCQP?XMLCQN?P?PCLBGPCQRCCV?KCLQML
9 #CPRGDGA?AG_LGLRCPL?AGML?JN?P?BCKMQRP?PAMLMAGKGCLRMQCLJ?BGPCAAG_L
BCNPMWCARMQ
9 2COSGQGRMCVAJSWCLRCBC?JESL?QCKNPCQ?QKSJRGL?AGML?JCQ
9 )LTCPQG_LN?P?M@RCLCPSLPCRMPLMCAML_KGAM 
9 3CPKCHMPCQ BGPCARMPCQBCNPMWCARMQ

%QR? `JRGK? P?X_L BC@CP]? QCP RS NPGLAGN?J M@HCRGTM !SL QG BCAGBCQ LM PCLBGP
CQRC CV?KCL  CQRC JG@PM RC QCPTGPZ N?P? AMLMACP J?Q KCHMPCQ FCPP?KGCLR?Q W
NPMACQMQ N?P? QCP SL KCHMP BGPCARMP BC NPMWCARMQ W ?Q] ?JA?LX?P NPMWCARMQ
CVGRMQMQ

2CASCPB?OSCJMEP?PNPMWCARMQCVGRMQMQQGELGDGA?
9 4CLCPSLAJGCLRCQ?RGQDCAFM
9 #SJKGL?PCJ?JA?LAC?AMPB?BMCLRPCJ?QN?PRCQ
9 #SKNJGPAMLJMQNJ?XMQ NPCQSNSCQRMQWA?JGB?B
9 4P?@?H?PAMLPCASPQMQFSK?LMQAMKNPMKCRGBMQAMLCJNPMWCARM
9 .MAMKCRCPCPPMPCQBCGLRCPNPCR?AG_LNMPK?J?AMKSLGA?AG_L
9 0PCTCLGPCLJSE?PBCPCN?P?P AMLSL?@SCL?ECQRG_LBCPGCQEMQ
9 .MBCQE?QR?PLMQAMLNPMACQMQBC?BOSGQGAGMLCQWAMLRP?R?AGMLCQOSC
LMQRP?@?LCJNPMWCARM
9 'CQRGML?PAMPPCAR?KCLRCJMQK`JRGNJCQGLRCPCQ?BMQBCJNPMWCARM

2C24E6CNDE:42D56=2DAC68F?E2D566I2>6?

,?Q  NPCESLR?Q BCJ CV?KCL 0-0c QC BGQRPG@SWCL CLRPC AGLAM EPSNMQ BC
NPMACQMQ!BCKZQ CVGQRCLT?PG?QNPCESLR?QQM@PCPCQNMLQ?@GJGB?BNPMDCQGML?J
%LJ?R?@J??AMLRGLS?AG_LQCPCQSKCJ?A?LRGB?BBCNPCESLR?QNMPZPC?

jPC? 0PCESLR?Q
)LGAGM 
0J?LGDGA?AG_L 
%HCASAG_L 
-MLGRMPCMWAMLRPMJ 
#GCPPC 
4/4!, 

%LRPCJ?QNPGLAGN?JCQA?P?ARCP]QRGA?QBCJ?QNPCESLR?QNMBCKMQBCAGPOSC
9 PCOSGCPCLKCKMPGX?AG_L
9 PCOSGCPCLD_PKSJ?Q
9 KCLAGML?LJ?ECQRG_LBCJT?JMPE?L?BM


5
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

#*:F:RHKW:=>EHLJN>K>G=BFHL>E>Q:F>GLYEHMNOBFHL=N=:L>G>E
=>E:LIK>@NGM:LIK>@NGM:L 

! AMLRGLS?AG_L TCPCKMQ ?JESLMQ CHCKNJMQ BC J?Q BGQRGLR?Q RGNMJME]?Q BC
NPCESLR?QOSCCLAMLRP?PZQCLCJCV?KCL

 -=HI57=CB5@9G
  *N>@H =>  =W:L => >C><N<BYG => NG IKHR><MH => <HGLMKN<<BYG  NG
<HGMK:MBLM: E> <HFNGB<: JN> NGH => EHL BGLNFHL LHEB<BM:=HL >G >E IKHR><MH
M>G=KU NG K>MK:LH =>  =W:L  ^/NV >L EH +#(-0 JN> IN>=>L A:<>K <HFH
"BK><MHK=>E.KHR><MH
! )ELMP?PJMNMPOSCLMCQSLPCRP?QMQGELGDGA?RGTM
" )LDMPK?P?J'CPCLRC&SLAGML?JJM?LRCQNMQG@JC
# )LDMPK?P?J#JGCLRCN?P?CT?JS?P?JRCPL?RGT?Q
$ 2CSLGPQCAMLCJCOSGNMN?P?CT?JS?P?JRCPL?RGT?Q

,? K?WMP]? BC J?Q NPCESLR?Q BCJ CV?KCL QML QGRS?AGML?JCQ NMPOSC RC
CLRPCL?PZL N?P? QCP SL @SCL BGPCARMP BC NPMWCARMQ BCQBC CJ NSLRM BC TGQR?
NPZARGAM

 05F=5GF9GDI9GH5G7CFF97H5G
 #LMULIHK<HF>GS:KNGIKHR><MHI:K:E:IE:GB?B<:<BYG=>NGMZG>ELN;?ENOB:E
>G>E<NUEGHMB>G>L=>F:LB:=:>QI>KB>G<B: ^/NV>LEHJN>=>;>KW:LA:<>K
  !HGM:<M:KM> <HG HMKHL =BK><MHK>L => IKHR><MHL <HG >QI>KB>G<B: >G
MZG>E>LLN;?ENOB:E>L
IEB<:KMH=HLEHLIKH<>LHL=>E:%NW:=>E.+ -)[
!  G:EBS:K EHL K>@BLMKHL ABLMYKB<HL => E: >FIK>L: LH;K> IKHR><MHL
LBFBE:K>L
" '=>GMB?B<:K:MH=HLEHLBGM>K>L:=HL

!OS] F?W T?PG?Q PCQNSCQR?Q AMPPCAR?Q M TCPB?BCP?Q h#SZJ BC@M K?PA?P
3GCKNPCRCAMLACLRP?PZQCLJ?MNAG_LKZQAMPPCAR?

* E >QBLMBK O:KB:LK>LIN>LM:L <HKK><M:L  =>;>LE>>K LB>FIK> 2-"1 E:L
IHLB;E>LK>LIN>LM:L:GM>L=>F:K<:KE:JN><K>:L<HKK><M: 

 #B:CFA57=UB=FF9@9J5BH9
  E K><HKK>K  DBEYF>MKHL >G MN O>AW<NEH IHK E: !BN=:= => +>G=HS: L>
<HGLNF>GEBMKHL=>@:LHEBG::NG<HLMH=> IHKEBMKH  :L:=H>G>LMHL
=:MHL >LMBF:L EHL <HLMHL => FHOBEB=:= >G NG IKHR><MH => MK:GLIHKM> <HG E:
LB@NB>GM>A>KK:FB>GM:
 #<HGHFW:L=>>L<:E:
#LMBF:<BYGI:K:FVMKB<:
! #LMBF:<BYG:L<>G=>GM>
" #LMBF:<BYG:GUEH@:

6

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

4C CLAMLRP?PZQ AML T?PG?Q NPCESLR?Q AML GLDMPK?AG_L AMKNJCKCLR?PG? OSC LM
CQLCACQ?PG?N?P?NMBCPPCQNMLBCP

* ,HM>=>C>L>G@:X:K<HGIK>@NGM:LJN>MB>G>GBG?HKF:<BYGBKK>E>O:GM>

 &5GEI9BCGR
  1> A:G B=>GMB?B<:=H  BGM>K>L:=HL >G MN IKHR><MH I:K: E: ?HK>LM:<BYG =>
SHG:L=>LVKMB<:L 1>X:E>E:K>LIN>LM:!-00#!2
 #QBLM>G<:G:E>L=><HFNGB<:<BYG
 #E GZF>KH => BGM>K>L:=HL >L FNR @K:G=> I:K: NG: ;N>G:
<HFNGB<:<BYG
! #QBLM>G<:G:E>L=><HFNGB<:<BYG
" $:EM:BG?HKF:<BYGI:K:IH=>K<HGM>LM:K

#  i,H BFIHKM: <NUGMH >LMN=B>L  LB>FIK> A:;KU IK>@NGM:L JN> GH
IH=KUL K>LIHG=>K #E =W: =>E >Q:F>G M> >G<HGMK:KUL <HG O:KB:L
IK>@NGM:L<NRHL<HGM>GB=HLM>YKB<HLGH?N>KHGOBLMHL>G>LM>EB;KHGB>G
E:%NW:=>E.+ -)[ 

 #BH9;F57=UB
 ^!NUG=H?BG:EBS:>EIKH<>LHI:K:E:>LMBF:<BYG=>E<KHGH@K:F:
! *:L >LMBF:<BHG>L => MB>FIH L> IN>=>G K>:EBS:K >G <:=: NGH => EHL
I:JN>M>L=>MK:;:CH
!:=:I:JN>M>=>MK:;:CH>LMU=>?BGB=H>G>E=B<<BHG:KBH=>E:#"2
! 1>A:GBFIE>F>GM:=HMV<GB<:L.#02R!.+
" &:G ?BG:EBS:=H EHL IKH<>LHL => @>LMBYG => KB>L@HL =NK:GM> >E @KNIH =>
IKH<>LHL=>IE:GB?B<:<BYG

0?P?AMLRCQR?P?JESL?QNPCESLR?QLM@?QR?AMLAMLMACPSLRCK?CLN?PRGASJ?P 
QGLMOSCQCPZLCACQ?PGMTGLASJ?PT?PG?QZPC?QBCJAMLMAGKGCLRM

h9?OSGCPCQQ?@CPJ?QPCQNSCQR?QAMPPCAR?Qi0CPMQGRMB?T]?LMF?QCQRSBG?BM
L?B?

1B JNB>K>L L>K .+.[ GH ;:LM: <HG IK:<MB<:K IK>@NGM:L R :IK>G=>K
K>LIN>LM:L !HGL>CH
]*>>KR>LMN=B:KEHLIKH<>LHL=>E:%NW:=>E.+ -)[
]#LMN=B:L>LM>EB;KH<HFIE>F>GM:G=HE:%NW:=>E.+ -)[
].K:<MB<:K<HGIK>@NGM:L=>LBFNE:<BYG

0><N>K=: JN> I:K: IH=>K K>G=BK >LM> >Q:F>G GH ;:LM: <HG >LMN=B:K LBGH
JN>=>;>LM>G>K>QI>KB>G<B:E:;HK:E>GE:=BK><<BYG=>IKHR><MHL 

3GL CK@?PEM  AMKM Q\ OSC QGESCQ KSW ?LQGMQM RC B?P\ J?Q PCQNSCQR?Q
AMPPCAR?QBCCQ?QNPCESLR?Q

7
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

 2CQNSCQR? %VNJGA?AG_L
0PCESLR? AMPPCAR?
 $ ! CQ GLAMPPCAR? " QSCJC QCP SL? K?J? NPZARGA? # BC@CP]?
PC?JGX?PQCBCQNS\QBC$

 # ! NMBP]? QCP AMPPCAR? QG LM CQRSTGCP? # $ CQ TCPB?BCP? 
NCPMCQMQCPC?JGX?PZBCQNS\QBC#"CQGLAMPPCAR?

 " ! #W$QMLGLAMPPCAR?Q

 ! " #W$QMLGLAMPPCAR?Q
%QRSBG?PA?N]RSJMBC'CQRG_LBCJ?Q#MKSLGA?AGMLCQ
;V<

 $ !W"QMLGLAMPPCAR?Q#NMBP]?QCPQGLMCQRSTGCP?J?MNAG_L
$ 0?P? NMBCP PCQNMLBCP LM @?QR? AML CQRSBG?P CJ A?N]RSJM
BCAPMLMEP?K?QGLMOSCF?WOSCGLRCEP?PJMAMLCJA?N]RSJM
BCPGCQEMQ



T$:DE@A2C26>A6K2C

! AMLRGLS?AG_L CLAMLRP?PZQ  NPCESLR?Q OSC DMPK?L N?PRC BCJ CV?KCL
BG?EL_QRGAMN?P?OSCDGHCQRSNPMNG?J]LC?@?QC

* ,H ;NLJN>L E:L K>LIN>LM:L <HKK><M:L :E ?BG:EBS:K >LM> >Q:F>G
=B:@GYLMB<H LBGHJN>M>KFBG:=>>LMN=B:KMH=H>EEB;KHREN>@HON>EO>:
K>:EBS:KEHI:K:O>K<NUGMHA:LF>CHK:=H 

2CAMKCLB?AGMLCQN?P?PCQMJTCPJMQCVZKCLCQBCQGKSJ?AG_L
9 0CLQ?P CL EP?LBCQ NPMWCARMQ 0MP CHCKNJM   CKNJC?BMQ 
NPCQSNSCQRM BC  KGJJMLCQ BC B_J?PCQ  NJ?XM CQRGK?BM BC AGLAM
?^MQ  CRA $C CQ? DMPK? RCLBPZL QCLRGBM RMBMQ JMQ NPMACQMQ BC J? 'S]?
BCJ0-"/+cWT?PG?QBCJ?QNPCESLR?QBCJCV?KCL
9 )BCLRGDGA?P PZNGB?KCLRC J? NPCESLR? CL JMQ RCVRMQ J?PEMQ  ECLCP?JKCLRC
QSCJCCQR?PQM@PCCJDGL?JBCJNZPP?DM
9 ,%%2 3)%-02% ,!3  /0#)/.%3 ?LRCQ BC AMLRCQR?P 2CASCPB? OSC
NSCBCL F?@CP T?PG?Q PCQNSCQR?Q TCPB?BCP?Q  QG LM JCCQ RMB?Q J?Q
MNAGMLCQJ?NPM@?@GJGB?BBC?NPM@?PCJCV?KCLCQ@?H? 
9 %JGKGL?PPZNGB?KCLRCJ?QPCQNSCQR?QGLAMPPCAR?Q
9 2CQNMLBCPQCE`LJ?'S]?BCJ0-"/+c LMRSCVNCPGCLAG?-SAF?QTCACQ
JM OSC F?ACKMQ CL J? NPZARGA? LM CQ JM OSC BC@CP]?KMQ F?ACP CL
LSCQRPMQNPMWCARMQ

8

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

9 3G LM AMLMACQ J? PCQNSCQR?  AMLRCQR? ?JEM W K?PA? J? NPCESLR? N?P?
PCTGQG_L $SP?LRC CJ CV?KCL CL AS?JOSGCP KMKCLRM NMBPZQ TMJTCP ?
A?K@G?P?JESL?PCQNSCQR?
9 ,?PCQNSCQR??K?PA?PLMQGCKNPCCQEP?K?RGA?JKCLRCAMPPCAR?
9 #MLRPMJ?P J? ?LESQRG? AML J?Q NPCESLR?Q OSC LM Q?@CQ  K?PA? ?JESL?
PCQNSCQR??J?X?PWAMLRGLS?AMKMQGL?B?FS@GCP?N?Q?BM
#E MB>FIH IKHF>=BH I:K: K>LIHG=>K <:=: IK>@NGM: >L =>  FBGNMH 
L>@NG=HL  1BG >F;:K@H  LB IK:<MB<:L LB>FIK> <HG  FBGNMH >G
IKHF>=BH  IH=KUL =>=B<:K >LHL  FBGNMHL => MB>FIH >QMK: I:K:
K>I:L:K E:L IK>@NGM:L FUL =N=HL:L NG: O>S JN> K>LIHG=BLM> MH=H >E
>Q:F>G=>IK>@NGM:L 


I2>6? :28?PDE:4@

5BH=85889DF9;IBH5G      
.=9ADCD5F5F9GDCB89FKGLSRMQ   
*IBH5>9D5F55DFC65FPCQNSCQR?QAMPPCAR?Q   
      
 %J BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM CQRZ CL SL? PCSLG_L CVNJGA?LBM ?J COSGNM ASZJCQ QML JMQ
NP_VGKMQ FGRMQ ? ASKNJGP CL DSLAG_L BCJ NJ?L N?P? J? BGPCAAG_L BCJ NPMWCARM h$C OS\
CQR?PZF?@J?LBMCJ$GPCARMPBCJNPMWCARM
! )LBGA?LBMJ?QNPGLAGN?JCQ?ARGTGB?BCQBCJNPMWCARM
" %TCLRMQNPGLAGN?JCQAMLBSP?AG_LGES?J?ACPM
# %QR?@JCAGCLBMJ?BSP?AG_LBCJMQNPGLAGN?JCQCLRPCE?@JCQ
$ %VNJGA?LBMJ?QBCNCLBCLAG?QCLRPC?ARGTGB?BCQ

 %PLCQRM CQRZ ?PK?LBM CJ  NJ?L N?P? J? BGPCAAG_L BC SL NPMWCARM ?CPMLZSRGAM OSC
AMKGCLX?J?QCK?L?NP_VGK?h#SZJBCJMQQGESGCLRCQ]RCKQBC@CP]?QCPCJBC-%./3
GKNMPR?LAG?N?P?%PLCQRM
! %QRPSARSP?BC$CQEJMQCBCJ4P?@?HM
" !QCESP?PJ?A?JGB?BBCJMQCLRPCE?@JCQ
# -?RPGXBC!QGEL?AG_LBC2CQNMLQ?@GJGB?BCQ
$ 0J?LBCECQRG_LBCJ?A?JGB?B

 %L RS NPMWCARM GLDMPKZRGAM CQRZL ?NJGA?LBM KCRMBMJME]?Q ZEGJCQ ,MQ  KGCK@PMQ
?QGEL?BMQ ? CQC NPMWCARM CQRZL CLDPCLR?BMQ CLRPC Q] W LM JMEP?L SL ?ASCPBM N?P?
NMBCP ?T?LX?P AML CJ NPMWCARM h#SZJ BC J?Q QGESGCLRCQ ?JRCPL?RGT?Q QCP]? J? KZQ
PCAMKCLB?@JCN?P?J?QMJSAG_LBCSLAMLDJGARM
! 2CAMLAGJG?P
" &MPX?P
# #MJ?@MP?P
$ %JSBGP

 

9
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

 5L? TCX AMKNJCR?BM CJ CLSLAG?BM BCJ ?JA?LAC BCJ NPMWCARM  CJ AJGCLRC W CJ
N?RPMAGL?BMP?AMPR?PMLCJAPMLMEP?K?CLAS?RPMQCK?L?QWBCAGBGCPMLOSCCJNPMACQM
N?P?APC?PJ?%QRPSARSP?BC$CQEJMQCBCJ4P?@?HM%$4 OSCBC?DSCP?BCJNPMWCARM%J
BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM JCQ GLDMPK? OSC LM BC@CP]?L CJGKGL?P J? %$4 h0MP OS\ CQR?PZ
QSEGPGCLBMCQRMCJBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARM0MPOSCJ?%$4>>>>>>
! 0PMTCCJ?Q@?QCQN?P?PCSRGJGX?PCLMRPMQNPMWCARMQ
" !WSB??JMEP?PCJAMKNPMKGQMBCJCOSGNMF?AG?CJNPMWCARM
# 0PMTCCSLBG?EP?K?HCPZPOSGAMBCJNPMWCARM
$ 3CCKNJC?N?P?CQRGK?P?ARGTGB?BCQ AMQRMQWPCASPQMQ

 %L SL NPMWCARM AMKCPAG?J  CJ BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM F? GBCLRGDGA?BM JMQ PGCQEMQ BCJ
NPMWCARM  F? PC?JGX?BM CJ ?LZJGQGQ BC NPM@?@GJGB?B C GKN?ARM W F? ?QGEL?BM PGCQEMQ ?
BGDCPCLRCQ NCPQML?Q NPMNGCR?PG?Q BCJ PGCQEM %J NP_VGKM N?QM QCPZ AMJMA?P RMB? CQ?
GLDMPK?AG_LCLCJ
! 2CEGQRPMBCPGCQEMQ
" $GQN?P?BMPBCPGCQEM
# ,GQR?BMBCPGCQEMQ
$ 0J?LBCPCQNSCQR??JPGCQEM

 ,SCEM BC DGL?JGX?P CJ APMLMEP?K? BCJ NPMWCARM  CJ N?RPMAGL?BMP QMJGAGR? OSC QC
GKNJCKCLRCL?JESLMQA?K@GMQOSCT?L?GKN?AR?PLMQ_JMCLJ?BSP?AG_L QGLMR?K@G\L
CLCJNPCQSNSCQRM%JBGPCARMPBCNPMWCARMQBC@CP]?AMLQGBCP?POSCJ?BSP?AG_LA?K@G?
QG
! 3C?EMR?J?PCQCPT?N?P?AMLRGLECLAG?Q
" #?K@G?J?PSR?AP]RGA?
# 3CT?LRPCQNCPQML?QBCJNPMWCARM
$ .MF?WFMJESP?QCLJ?PSR?AP]RGA?

9?F?LRCPKGL?BMBCGBCLRGDGA?P?J?K?WMP]?BCJMQGLRCPCQ?BMQBCSLNPMWCARMBC
CVN?LQG_LFMRCJCPM!JESLMQEPSNMQBCGLRCP\Q QCPCQGQRCLWLMCQRZL@PGLB?LBM?NMWM
?JNPMWCARMh#SZJBCJMQQGESGCLRCQCJCKCLRMQQCAPC?AMKMPCQSJR?BMBCGLGAG?P CQRC
NPMWCARM
! 0J?LN?P?J?BGPCAAG_LBCJNPMWCARM
" 5LAMLRP?RMDGPK?BM
# ,??QGEL?AG_LBCJBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARM
$ !AAGMLCQAMPPCARGT?Q

 5L? CKNPCQ? KSJRGL?AGML?J CQRZ GKNJCKCLR?LBM NPMACQMQ BC ECQRG_L BC 0PMWCARMQ
CL QS MPE?LGX?AG_L W F? BCAGBGBM GKNJCKCLR?P SL? /DGAGL? BC 'CQRG_L BC 0PMWCARMQ
0-/ 3CRGCLCSLDSCPRC?NMWMBCJ??JR?ECPCLAG?N?P?J?APC?AG_LBCCQR?MDGAGL?W
SL? KCRMBMJME]? Q_JGB? GLAJSWCLBMNMJ]RGA?Q  BGPCARMPCQ BC NPMWCARMQ ACPRGDGA?BMQ W SL
QGQRCK?BC?BKGLGQRP?AG_LBCJAPMLMEP?K?KSW?T?LX?BMh1S\QCLCACQGR?02)-%2/
N?P??QCESP?PJ?K?WMPNPM@?@GJGB?BBC\VGRMAMLCQRCA?K@GMMPE?LGX?AGML?J
! -CR?Q W M@HCRGTMQ BCDGLGBMQ AJ?P?KCLRC N?P? J? /DGAGL? BC !BKGLGQRP?AG_L BC
0PMWCARMQ
" $GPCARMPCQBCNPMWCARMQAMKNCRCLRCQ
# 5LQGQRCK?BCPCNMPRCQBCRGCKNMQQ_JGBMN?P?RMBMQJMQKGCK@PMQBCJCOSGNM
$ 5LBCR?JJ?BMAMLHSLRMBCLMPK?QBCNPMACBGKGCLRM

 

10

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

 %J NMPR?DMJGM BC QS CKNPCQ? ASCLR? AML  NPMWCARMQ  BC CJJMQ RMB?T]? LM F?L
GLGAG?BM%JECPCLRCBCJ?0-/JCQMJGAGR?OSCQCJCAAGMLCSLMBCJMQNPMWCARMQOSCQC
NPCQCLR?L ? AMLRGLS?AG_L  NPGMPGX?LBM CJ PCRMPLM DGL?LAGCPM ,MQ NPMWCARMQ QML
CVAJSWCLRCQCLRPCQ]WLMQCNSCBCLPCNCRGPh1S\NPMWCARMPCAMKCLB?P]??J?0-/

0PMWCARM 6?JMP.CRM!ARS?J $SP?AG_L?^MQ 
  
  
  
  

! 0PMWCARM
" 0PMWCARM
# 0PMWCARM
$ 0PMWCARM

,MQ$GPCARGTMQBCRSCKNPCQ?CQRZLCT?JS?LBMBMQNPMWCARMQ%JNPMWCARM.MPRC
RGCLC SL  BC NPM@?@GJGB?B BC NCPBCP  W SL  BC NPM@?@GJGB?B BC E?L?P
%JNPMWCARM3SPRGCLCSLBCNPM@?@GJGB?BBCNCPBCPWSLBC
NPM@?@GJGB?B BC E?L?P  h#SZJ BC JMQ BMQ NPMWCARMQ BC@CP]?L QCJCAAGML?P QG
SRGJGX?LCJK?WMPT?JMPKMLCR?PGMCQNCP?BM
! %JT?JMPKMLCR?PGMCQNCP?BMLMCQQGELGDGA?RGTMCLLGLESLMBCJMQBMQNPMWCARMQ
N?P?BCAGBGPNMPSLMBCCJJMQ
" 0PMWCARM.MPRC
# 0PMWCARM3SP
$ #S?JOSGCP? ?K@MQRGCLCLGES?JT?JMPKMLCR?PGMCQNCP?BM

 $SP?LRC CJ NPMACQM BC KMLGRMPCM W AMLRPMJ BCRCAR?Q OSC RS NPMWCARM CQRZ AML SL
?RP?QM QGELGDGA?RGTM (?Q PCAG@GBM J? ?NPM@?AG_L N?P? J? AMKNPCQG_L BCJ NPMWCARM
GLAMPNMP?LBM  GLECLGCPMQ ?J COSGNM BC RP?@?HM %J AMQRM OSC F?Q LCEMAG?BM CQ 
NMPFMP?NMPNCPQML?,MQGLECLGCPMQ?BGAGML?JCQAMLRP?R?BMQRP?@?H?PZLCLCJNPMWCARM
F?QR? OSC \QRC PCRMPLC ? QS ASPQM LMPK?J QCE`L CJ 0J?L BC 'CQRG_L h1S\ RGNM BC
AMLRP?RMF?QPC?JGX?BM
! 4GCKNMWK?RCPG?JCQ
" 0PCAGM&GHMMQSK?EJM@?J
# #MQRMKZQNMPACLR?HCBCJAMQRM
$ #MQRMQPCCK@MJQ?@JCQ

 $SP?LRC J? NJ?LGDGA?AG_L N?P? J? NCPDMP?AG_L BC SL NMXM NCRPMJCPM  QC BCDGLG_ J?
CQRPSARSP? BC BCQEJMQC BCJ RP?@?HM %$4  W QS BGAAGML?PGM AMKNJCKCLR?PGM !FMP? CJ
NPMWCARMW?CQRZCLJ?D?QCBCCHCASAG_LWCJNMXMRGCLCSLBC?T?LAC0?P?NMBCP
AMLRPMJ?P CJ ?JA?LAC BCJ NPMWCARM  CJ BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM BC@CP]? NPCMASN?PQC
NPGLAGN?JKCLRCBC
! 0?PRGAGN?P?RMBMQJMQRP?@?H?BMPCQCLCQRCNPMACQM
" ,MQA?K@GMQQC?L@CLCDGAGMQMQN?P?CJNPMWCARM
# %JN?RPMAGL?BMPQC?PCQNMLQ?@JCBCCQRCNPMACQM
$ 1SCLMQCA?K@GCCJAPMLMEP?K?MPGEGL?JBCJNPMWCARM

 

11
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

 #MKM @SCL BGPCARMP BC NPMWCARM W? F?Q RCPKGL?BM AML J? CQRPSARSP? BC BCQEJMQC
BCJ RP?@?HM  CJ NJ?L BC ?BKGLGQRP?AG_L BCJ ?JA?LAC W JMQ PCOSGQGRMQ BC A?K@GM 3G CJ
AJGCLRCQMJGAGR?SLA?K@GM N?P?BCRCPKGL?PCJGKN?ARMQM@PCCJNPMWCARM CQLCACQ?PGM
! 5LFGQRMEP?K?BCPCASPQMQ
" ,?K?RPGXBC?QGEL?AG_LBCPCQNMLQ?@GJGB?BCQ
# )LDMPKCQBCBCQCKNC^M
$ 5L?QGKSJ?AG_L-MLRC#?PJM

 %L SL NPMWCARM BC BCQ?PPMJJM QMAG?J  J?Q K?CQRP?Q JC AMKCLR?L ?J BGPCARMP BCJ
NPMWCARMOSCQCPZGKNMQG@JCOSCJMQN?PRGAGN?LRCQ?NPCLB?LFCPP?KGCLR?QBCBGPCAAG_L
BC NPMWCARMQ QG LM QC AS@PCL NPGKCPM MRP?Q LCACQGB?BCQ  AMKM QSEGCPC CJ KMBCJM BC
-?QJMUh1S\QCPZJM02)-%2/OSCBC@CP]?CQR?PAS@GCPRMCLCQMQN?PRGAGN?LRCQ
! 3CESPGB?B
" 3?RGQD?AAG_LDGQGMJ_EGA?
# %QRGK?NCPQML?J
$ !SRM PC?JGX?AG_L

 5L NPMWCARM RGCLC SL T?JMP NJ?LGDGA?BM 06  BC   SL T?JMP E?L?BM %6  BC
WSLAMQRM PC?J!# BC%J]LBGACBCBCQCKNC^MBCJAMQRM#0) ?QAGCLBC
?
!  
"  
#  
$  

 5QRCB F?@]? NJ?LGDGA?BM SL? BSP?AG_L BCJ NPMWCARM BC  KCQCQ 3GL CK@?PEM  CJ
NPMWCARM DGL?JGX? BC K?LCP? ?LRGAGN?B? ? JMQ  KCQCQ h#SZJ BC JMQ QGESGCLRCQ ]RCKQ
BC@CP]?QCPCJ-%./3GKNMPR?LRCBSP?LRCJ?D?QCBCAGCPPCBCJNPMWCARM
! !ACNR?AG_LDMPK?JBCJPCQSJR?BMBCJNPMWCARMNMPN?PRCBCJAJGCLRC
" 5L?LZJGQGQBCAMQRM @CLCDGAGM
# 5L??ARS?JGX?AG_LBCJMQPCEGQRPMQBCJNPMWCARM
$ ,?PCAMNGJ?AG_LBCJCAAGMLCQ?NPCLBGB?Q

9?QCF?LGBCLRGDGA?BM?RMBMQJMQGLRCPCQ?BMQWQCCQRZ?T?LX?LBMAMLCJNJ?LBC
ECQRG_LBCJMQGLRCPCQ?BMQ3C^?JCCJ]RCK&!,3/
! 3_JM JMQ GLRCPCQ?BMQ KGCK@PMQ BCJ COSGNM BC RP?@?HM BC@CL GLRCPTCLGP CL CJ
BCQ?PPMJJMBCJNJ?LN?P?J?BGPCAAG_LBCJNPMWCARM
" %J BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM BC@C GBCLRGDGA?P J?Q CVNCAR?RGT?Q W LCACQGB?BCQ BC JMQ
GLRCPCQ?BMQ
# %JNJ?LBCECQRG_LBCJ?QAMKSLGA?AGMLCQDMPK?N?PRCBCJNJ?LN?P?J?BGPCAAG_L
BCJNPMWCARM
$ #S?JOSGCPA?K@GMQM@PCCJNPMWCARMBC@CQCPCT?JS?BM

Luego de varios meses de ejecución, el proyecto “Olimpiadas” ha llegado a su fin.
h#SZJCQCJ?QNCARMKZQGKNMPR?LRCBCJAGCPPCBCCQRCNPMWCARM
! 4MB?QJ?Q?ARGTGB?BCQD]QGA?QCQRZLAMKNJCR?QWJ?JGQR?BCR?PC?QCQRZACPP?B?
" %JAJGCLRC?ACNR?DMPK?JKCLRCOSCJMQCLRPCE?@JCQCQRZLAMKNJCRMQ
# %JNPCQSNSCQRMBCJNPMWCARMWRMB?QJ?QASCLR?QBCJNPMWCARMCQRZLACPP?B?Q
$ 4MBMCJNCPQML?J?QGEL?BM?JNPMWCARMF?QGBMJG@CP?BMWPC?QGEL?BM

 

12

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

9?F?LN?Q?BMKCQCQBCQBCOSCQC?NPM@_CJNPMWCARMGLBSQRPG?JWAMKCLX_J?
NJ?LGDGA?AG_L 6?PGMQ GLRCPCQ?BMQ CQRZL N?PRGAGN?LBM BC CQRC NPMACQM  AML KSAF?Q
GRCP?AGMLCQ A?K@GMQWPC NJ?LGDGA?AG_Lh1SG\LCQCJPCQNMLQ?@JCDGL?JBCBCQ?PPMJJ?PCJ
NJ?LBCBGPCAAG_L BCJNPMWCARM
! 0?RPMAGL?BMP
" ,MQKGCK@PMQBCJCOSGNM
# #JGCLRC
$ $GPCARMPBCJNPMWCARM

 5RGJGX?LBM J? R?@J? W BG?EP?K? OSC QC KSCQRP?L ? AMLRGLS?AG_L  h#SZJ CQ J?
QCASCLAG?BC?ARGTGB?BCQOSCDMPK?LJ?PSR?AP]RGA?

4?PC? $SP?AG_L 4?PC? $SP?AG_L
! QCK?L?Q & QCK?L?Q
" QCK?L?Q ' QCK?L?Q
# QCK?L?Q ( QCK?L?Q
$ QCK?L?Q + QCK?L?Q
% QCK?L?Q , QCK?L?Q


! $ &


# %  + ,


" '  (


! "'(,
" !$&+,
# "#%+,
$ "#$&+,

%LDSLAG_LBCJ?NPCESLR??LRCPGMP QGJ?R?PC?$CQAMKNJCR?B?QCK?L?Q?LRCQ
BCJMNPMEP?K?BMh#SZJCQCJGKN?ARMCLJ?BSP?AG_LBCJNPMWCARM
! ,?BSP?AG_LQCPCBSACCLSL?QCK?L?
" ,?BSP?AG_LQCPCBSACCLRPCQQCK?L?Q
# ,?BSP?AG_LQCPCBSACCLAS?RPMQCK?L?Q
$ .MF?WA?K@GMQCLJ?BSP?AG_LBCJNPMWCARM

%JBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARMCQRZECQRGML?LBM?JMQGLRCPCQ?BMQBCK?LCP?BGPCAR?AML
PCSLGMLCQ A?P? ? A?P? 3GL CK@?PEM  LM CQRZ AMLQGBCP?LBM OSC CVGQRCL MRPMQ A?L?JCQ
BC AMKSLGA?AG_L  W? OSC JMQ GLRCPCQ?BMQ R?K@G\L QC AMKSLGA?L CLRPC CJJMQ  QGL
GLDMPK?PJC ?J BGPCARMP BCJ NPMWCARM h#SZLRMQ A?L?JCQ BC AMKSLGA?AG_L CVGQRCL CL SL
NPMWCARMAMLNCPQML?Q
! 
" 
# 
$ 

 

13
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

 5QRCB RP?@?H? N?P? SL? MPE?LGX?AG_L OSC LM RGCLC LGLESL? LMPK? AML PCQNCRM ?
PCE?JMQ CQNCAG?JCQ 5LM BC JMQ NPMTCCBMPCQ KZQ GKNMPR?LRCQ BC J? CKNPCQ? JC PCE?J?
SL N?Q?HC ? $GQLCW N?P? SQRCB W QS D?KGJG? ! A?K@GM BC CQRC PCE?JM  BSP?LRC CJ
NPMACQM BC ?BOSGQGAGMLCQ  SQRCB BC@CP]? ?WSB?PJM ? OSC AMKNPCL QSQ NPMBSARMQ  CL
JSE?PBCJMQBCJ?AMKNCRCLAG?h#SZJQCP]?J??AAG_LKZQNPSBCLRC
! !ACNR?PCJTG?HCNMPOSCLMF?WLMPK?OSCJMNPMF]@?
" 0CBGP?JNPMTCCBMPTG?HCQGES?JCQN?P?RMBMQJMQKGCK@PMQBCJ?CKNPCQ?
# 2CAF?X?P J? MDCPR? W ?AMLQCH?P ?J NPMTCCBMP QM@PC CJ NPMACQM BC JGAGR?AG_L
CQRZLB?PBCJ?CKNPCQ?
$ "SQA?P?QCQMP?KGCLRMJCE?J?LRCQBC?ACNR?PCJTG?HC

3SNPMWCARMRGCLCSL?FMJESP?RMR?JBC h1S\CQJMOSCBC@CP]?F?ACP
! #MLQCESGPKZQPCASPQMQN?P?J?Q?ARGTGB?BCQBCJ?PSR?AP]RGA?
" ,G@CP?PPCASPQMQN?P?CTGR?PAMQRMQGLLCACQ?PGMQ
# #MLRP?R?P?KZQNCPQML?QN?P?CJNPMWCARM
$ %VRCLBCPJ?BSP?AG_LBCJNPMWCARM

%LQSCKNPCQ?F?LBCAGBGBM?BMNR?PSLNPMACQMGLRCEP?JN?P?J?ECQRG_LBCPGCQEMQ
LCE?RGTMQWNMQGRGTMQN?P?RMBMQJMQNPMWCARMQQSNCPGMPCQ?B_J?PCQh#SZJBC
J?Q QGESGCLRCQ CQRP?RCEG?Q N?P? NJ?LGDGA?P J? PCQNSCQR? ?J PGCQEM NMBP]? SRGJGX?P N?P?
PGCQEMQNMQGRGTMQWLCE?RGTMQ
! #MKN?PRGP
" 4P?LQDCPGP
# !ACNR?P
$ -GRGE?P

 3S MPE?LGX?AG_L F? ACPRGDGA?BM LMPK?Q )3/ W OSGCPC OSC RMB?Q CQ?Q LMPK?Q QC
?NJGOSCL BSP?LRC J? CHCASAG_L BC AS?JOSGCP RGNM BC NPMWCARMQ ,? BMASKCLR?AG_L
CVNJGA? J?Q BGDCPCLAG?Q CLRPC J? NJ?LGDGA?AG_L  J? ECQRG_L W CJ AMLRPMJ BC A?JGB?B 5L
CHCKNJMBCECQRGML?PJ?A?JGB?BQCE`LCQ?QLMPK?QQCP]?
! $CDGLGPJ?QNPZARGA?QBCA?JGB?BBCJ?MPE?LGX?AG_L
" !QCESP?PCJASKNJGKGCLRMBCJ?QQCGQQGEK?Q
# 5RGJGX?PCJ$G?EP?K?BC0?PCRMN?P?NPMWCAR?PNSLRMQBCJ?KSCQRP?
$ 5RGJGX?PJ?QKCBGB?QBCA?JGB?BBCJ?MPE?LGX?AG_LN?P?CJNPMWCARM

%JBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARMF?CT?JS?BM?JRCPL?RGT?QBCAMKNPCQG_LBCJAPMLMEP?K??
RP?T\Q BC J? CHCASAG_L PZNGB? D?QR RP?AIGLE  !BCKZQ  F? JJCT?BM ? A?@M SL?
QGKSJ?AG_LBC-MLRC#?PJMN?P?CT?JS?PCJGKN?ARMBCJ?QBGQRGLR?Q?JRCPL?RGT?Qh#SZJ
QCPZSLPCQSJR?BMBCJNPMACQMBCBCQ?PPMJJMBCJAPMLMEP?K?
! !ARS?JGX?PJ?QLCACQGB?BCQBCPCASPQMQBCA?B??ARGTGB?B
" ,?CQRPSARSP?BCBCQEJMQCBCJRP?@?HM
# 2CAMKCLB?P?AAGMLCQNPCTCLRGT?Q
$ %QRGK?PJ?BSP?AG_LBCJ?Q?ARGTGB?BCQ

 ! SQRCB J? F?L CLAMKCLB?BM SL NPMWCARM BC ?QCQMP?KGCLRM N?P? SL A?K@GM
MPE?LGX?AGML?JCLSLNCOSC^MR?JJCPKCAZLGAMBCPCN?P?AG_LBC?SRMK_TGJCQ%JCQRGJM
BC JGBCP?XEM OSC BC@CP]? SRGJGX?P AML ?OSCJJ?Q NCPQML?Q OSC LMAMJ?@MP?L W PCOSGCPCL
BCSLAMLRPMJNCPK?LCLRCCLRMB?QJ?QR?PC?QOSCPC?JGX?LQCP]?
! 4CMP]?9BC-A'PCEMP
" 4CMP]?8BC-A'PCEMP
# 4CMP]?:BC/SAFG
$ 4CMP]?BCBCQ?PPMJJMBCCOSGNMQBC4SAIK?L


14

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

 5QRCB ?A?@? BC PCCKNJ?X?P ?J ?LRGESM BGPCARMP BC NPMWCARM BC SL BCQ?PPMJJM BC
QMDRU?PCOSCW?JJCT?KCQCQBCCHCASAG_L%LCJNJ?LN?P?J?BGPCAAG_LBCJNPMWCARM
CLASCLRP? OSC CJ AMQRM CQRGK?BM RMR?J ?QAGCLBC ?   CJ NJ?XM BC CHCASAG_L CQ
BCKCQCQ JMQE?QRMQBCTCLE?BMQ?ASKSJ?BMQF?QR?J?DCAF??QAGCLBCLW
CJ?T?LACPC?J?J?DCAF?CQBCJh#SZJCQCJAMQRMCQRGK?BM?J?DGL?JGX?AG_L
! 
" 
# 
$ 

3CE`LJMQB?RMQBCJ?NPCESLR??LRCPGMP h#SZJCQJ?T?PG?AG_LBCJAPMLMEP?K?
! 
" 
# 
$ .MF?WQSDGAGCLRCGLDMPK?AG_L

 ,SCEM BC T?PGMQ KCQCQ BC BGQNSR?  QS CKNPCQ? LM JMEP? AMLQCLQM AML CJ
AMLRP?RGQR? CL PCJ?AG_L ?J AGCPPC BCJ AMLRP?RM BC SL NPMWCARM KGLCPM %J AMLRP?RGQR?
?DGPK? OSC W? ASKNJG_ AML RMBM CJ ?JA?LAC AMKNPCLBGBM BCLRPM BCJ AMLRP?RM 0MP QS
N?PRC  QS CKNPCQ? ?DGPK? OSC CQC TCLBCBMP LM F? DGL?JGX?BM AML RMBM CJ RP?@?HM
?AMPB?BMh1SG\LBC@CP]?PCQMJTCPCQRCAMLDJGARMCLRPCJ?QN?PRCQ
! 5L?@ME?BM
" 5L0-0cCVNCPRMCLPCQMJSAG_LBCAMLDJGARMQ
# 5LZP@GRPM
$ ,MQECPCLRCQDSLAGML?JCQBC?K@?QCKNPCQ?Q

 $SP?LRC J? CHCASAG_L BC SL NPMWCARM OSCAMLQGQRC CL QCK@P?P  FCARZPC?Q BC
K?]X CJBGPCARMPBCNPMWCARMQCQRZCLDPCLR?LBM?JESLMQNPM@JCK?Q AMLJMQKGCK@PMQ
BCQSCOSGNM%J$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQBC@CP]?RCLBCP?>>>>>>QM@PCRMB?QJ?QAMQ?Q 
AS?LBMPC?JGX?AMKSLGA?AGMLCQ?ARGT?Q
! %QAPG@GPPCNMPRCQ
" #MLRPMJ?P?NCPQML?Q
# %QASAF?P
$ !WSB?P

!LRCQBCCQAPG@GPCJCLSLAG?BMBCJ?JA?LAC CJBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARMF?AMKCLX?BM?
PCAMNGJ?PJMQPCOSGQGRMQ3GLCK@?PEM LMCQRZQGCLBMBCK?QG?B?CDCARGT?J?R\ALGA?OSC
CQRZSRGJGX?LBM$SP?LRCCJNPMACQMBCPCAMNGJ?PJMQPCOSGQGRMQBCJNPMWCARM h#SZJCQJ?
FCPP?KGCLR?WR\ALGA?-%./3SRGJGX?B?
! 4\ALGA?$CJNFG
" 0PMRMRGNMQ
# 'PSNMQBCMNGLG_L
$ -?RPGXBCRP?X?@GJGB?BBCJMQPCOSGQGRMQ

 ! SQRCB JM F?L LMK@P?BM BGPCARMP BC SL NPMWCARM BC CLCPE]? C_JGA? W CQ
PCQNMLQ?@JCBCRMBMCJNPMACQMBCAMKNP?QWQSKGLGQRPMQ3GLCK@?PEM LCACQGR?PZBCJ
HSGAGMBCMRPMQCVNCPRMQBSP?LRCCJNPMACQMBCAMLRP?R?AGMLCQ$SP?LRCOS\NPMACQMBC
CQCNPMWCARM QCJJCT?PZ?A?@MSL?AMLDCPCLAG?BCMDCPCLRCQ
! %DCARS?PJ?Q?BOSGQGAGMLCQ
" 0J?LGDGA?PJ?Q?BOSGQGAGMLCQ
# #MLRPMJ?PJ?Q?BOSGQGAGMLCQ
$ 'CQRGML?PCJGLTMJSAP?KGCLRMBCJMQGLRCPCQ?BMQ


15
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ

 5QRCB CQRZ AMKM BGPCARMP CL SL NPMWCARM OSC AMLQGQRC CL ACPP?P SL? ACLRP?J
?R_KGA?$SP?LRCJ?CHCASAG_LBCJNPMWCARMJMQAGLAMKGCK@PMQKZQGKNMPR?LRCQBCQS
COSGNMQCCLDCPK?LBCA_JCP? NMPJMOSCOSCB?PZLBCQ?DCAR?BMQBCJNPMWCARMBSP?LRC
QCGQKCQCQ5QRCBQMJGAGR??WSB??J?/DGAGL?BC'CQRG_LBC0PMWCARMQW?JA?@MBCBMQ
QCK?L?Q JC CLT]?L MRP?Q AGLAM NCPQML?Q CL PCCKNJ?XM BC QS COSGNM 5QRCB Q?@C OSC
?JESL?QBCCQR?QNCPQML?QF?LQGBMAMLDJGARGT?QCLCJN?Q?BMh1S\CQJMNPGKCPMOSC
BC@CP]?F?ACPBSP?LRCJ?PCSLG_LBCJ?LX?KGCLRMAMLCJLSCTMCOSGNM
! 0MLCP\LD?QGQCLOSCSQRCBRGCLCJ??SRMPGB?BCLCQRCNPMWCARM
" 2CTGQ?P J? ?ECLB? N?P? CT?JS?P ?JRCPL?RGT?Q BC A_KM PCASNCP?P CJ RGCKNM
NCPBGBM
# $GQASRGPJMQGKN?ARMQBCJNPMWCARMQM@PCCJNPCQSNSCQRM
$ $CDGLGPJMQPMJCQWPCQNMLQ?@GJGB?BCQBCJCOSGNM

 5QRCB ?A?@? BC GLEPCQ?P ? RP?@?H?P CL SL? LSCT? CKNPCQ? N?P? BCQ?PPMJJ?P J?
/DGAGL?BC0PMWCARMQWAPCCOSCSLMBCJMQ0-0cBCJ?CKNPCQ?CQRZTGMJ?LBMCJA_BGEM
BCAMLBSAR?NPMDCQGML?JBCJ0-)ch1S\BC@CP]?F?ACP
! 2CLSLAG?P?CQ?CKNPCQ?
" %LDPCLR?PQCAMLCJ0-0cWBGQASRGPAML\JCLTMX?JR?N?P?OSCQCCLRCPCCJPCQRM
BCJ?CKNPCQ?
# $CH?P N?Q?P CJ RGCKNM N?P? TCP QG QC QGESC PCNGRGCLBM J? TGMJ?AG_L ?J A_BGEM BC
AMLBSAR? %L A?QM OSC ?Q] QC?  GLDMPK?P QM@PC J? QGRS?AG_L CL J? NP_VGK?
?Q?K@JC?BC?AAGMLGQR?Q
$ $CH?P NMP CQAPGRM J?Q GLDP?AAGMLCQ  BGQASRGPJ?Q AML MRPMQ 0-0c W CT?JS?P JMQ
NP_VGKMQN?QMQ?QCESGP

 ,? CKNPCQ? /2' CQ SL? BC J?Q NPGLAGN?JCQ GLRCPCQ?B?Q CL CJ NPMWCARM BC
Q?LC?KGCLRM ?K@GCLR?J OSC JC F?L CLAMKCLB?BM h%L ASZJ BC J?Q D?QCQ BCJ NPMWCARM
/2'RCLBPZK?WMPGLDJSCLAG?
! &?QCGLGAG?J
" &?QCQGLRCPKCBG?Q
# &?QCDGL?J
$ %LRMB?QJ?QD?QCQBCJNPMWCARM

 5QRCB W QS COSGNM BC RP?@?HM CQRZL CT?JS?LBM ?JRCPL?RGT?Q QM@PC CJ NJ?L N?P? J?
BGPCAAG_L BCJ NPMWCARM h#SZJ QCPZ J? NPGLAGN?J TCLR?H? BC ?NJGA?P J? R\ALGA? BC
AMKNPCQG_LMGLRCLQGDGA?AG_LBCJNPMWCARMAP?QFGLE 
! -CHMP?PJ?NPMBSARGTGB?B
" !AMPR?PJ?BSP?AG_LBCJNPMWCARM
# )LRCLQGDGA?PJ?CQRPSARSP?BCBCQEJMQCBCJRP?@?HM
$ )LRCLQGDGA?PJMQAMLRPMJCQBCA?K@GM

 $SP?LRC J? CHCASAG_L BC SL NPMWCARM BC BCQ?PPMJJM GLKM@GJG?PGM  F?L BCQAS@GCPRM
OSCSLCPPMPBSP?LRCJ?D?QCBCBGQC^MLMNCPKGRGPZGLQR?J?PJMQA?@JCQBCDG@P?_NRGA?
CLDMPK?QCN?P?B?BCJMQA?@JCQRCJCD_LGAMQh1S\CQJMKCHMPOSCBC@CP]?F?ACP
! #MLRP?R?P?BGQC^?BMPCQKZQCVNCPGKCLR?BMQ
" %T?JS?P?JRCPL?RGT?QN?P?J?QMJSAG_LBCJNPM@JCK?
# 2CBSAGPJ?AMKNJCHGB?BRCALMJ_EGA?BCCQCNPMWCARM
$ !EPCE?PDSLAGML?JGB?B?BGAGML?J?JNPMWCARMN?P?QSNJGPJ?D?JCLAG?R\ALGA?F?QR?
JMEP?PJ?Q?RGQD?AAG_LBCJAJGCLRC
 

16

#?N)–)LRPMBSAAG_L

3SCKNPCQ?QCBCBGA??NPCQR?PQCPTGAGMQBCBGPCAAG_LBCNPMWCARMQCLBGDCPCLRCQ
RGNMQBCMPE?LGX?AGMLCQh#MLASZJBCJ?QQGESGCLRCQCQRPSARSP?QK?RPGAG?JCQCJBGPCARMP
BCNPMWCARMRGCLCK?WMPAMLRPMJ
! -?RPGAG?JDSCPRC
" -?RPGAG?J?HSQR?B?
# -?RPGAG?J@?J?LAC?B?
$ &SLAGML?J

 5QRCB CQRZ SRGJGX?LBM SL? K?RPGX NMBCPGLRCP\Q N?P? ?L?JGX?P JMQ NCPDGJCQ BC JMQ
GLRCPCQ?BMQBCSLNPMWCARMBCKGLCP]??AGCJM?@GCPRM3GSLEPSNMBCGLRCPCQ?BMQRGCLC
NMAMNMBCPNCPMKSAFMGLRCP\QCLQSNPMWCARM h1S\QCP]?JMKZQPCAMKCLB?@JC
! -MLGRMPC?PJMQ
" 'CQRGML?PJMQBCACPA?
# -?LRCLCPJMQQ?RGQDCAFMQ
$ -?LRCLCPJMQGLDMPK?BMQ

 5QRCB CQRZ AMKM BGPCARMPBC SL NPMWCARMBC RP?BSAAG_L BC QGQRCK?Q W J? K?WMP]?
BC JMQ KGCK@PMQ BC QS COSGNM CQRZL JMA?JGX?BMQ CL BGDCPCLRCQ N?]QCQ 0MP R?J KMRGTM 
CQRZ GKNJCKCLR?LBM SL NJ?L BC AMKSLGA?AGMLCQ N?P? RP?@?H?P BC K?LCP? TGPRS?J
h#SZJCQQMLJMQD?ARMPCQKZQGKNMPR?LRCQ?RCLCPCLASCLR?N?P?CJBCQ?PPMJJMBCCQC
NJ?LBCAMKSLGA?AGMLCQ
! )LRCPCQ?BMQBCJNPMWCARMWQSQLCACQGB?BCQ
" 0J?LBCECQRG_LBCPGCQEMQWKCHMP?QBCJNPMACQM
# %QRPSARSP?BCBCQEJMQCBCJRP?@?HMWAPMLMEP?K?BCJNPMWCARM
$ %DCARS?PWAMLRPMJ?PJ?Q?BOSGQGAGMLCQ

5QRCBCQCJBGPCARMPBCSLNPMWCARMKSWGKNMPR?LRC0?P?PC?JGX?PCJKMLGRMPCMBCJ
NPMWCARMLMAPCCCLJ?QNJ?LGJJ?QQS@HCRGT?QAMLNMPACLR?HCBC?T?LACOSCGLDMPK?LQSQ
KGCK@PMQ BCJ COSGNM h#SZJ QCP]? CJ KCHMP K\RMBM N?P? AMLRPMJ?P SL N?OSCRC BC
RP?@?HMOSCAMLQGQRCCL?PK?PJMQNJGCEMQN?P?SL?JGAGR?AG_L
! &_PKSJ?DGH?
" $G?EP?K?BC0?PCRM
# (GRMQNMLBCP?BMQ
$ 0MPACLR?HCAMKNJCR?BM

$SP?LRCJ?CHCASAG_LBCSLNPMWCARMN?P?J?N?P?B?BCNJ?LR?GLBSQRPG?J QC?EPCE?
SL?NCPQML??JCOSGNM%JBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARMBC@CP]?GLDMPK?P?JN?RPMAGL?BMPOSCCJ
GKN?ARMQM@PCCJNPMWCARMQCPZ
! &?JR?GLDMPK?AG_LN?P?NMBCP BCRCPKGL?PCJCDCARM
" ,?BSP?AG_LBCJNPMWCARMQCPCBSAGPZ
# 3CPCOSCPGPZSLA?K@GMCLCJ?JA?LAC
$ ,?A?JGB?BBCJNPMWCARMQCPZK?WMP

5QRCBCQSLBGPCARMPBCNPMWCARMQKSWCVNCPGKCLR?BMCLJ?%KNPCQ?(MWPCAG@C
SL C K?GJ BC SL BGPCARMPBC NPMWCARM BCSL?CKNPCQ? AMKNCRGBMP?  AML CJ OSCSQRCB
HSCE? ?J RCLGQ RMBMQ JMQ QZ@?BMQ  NGBG\LBMJC ?WSB? N?P? BCQ?PPMJJ?P CJ ?AR? BC
AMLQRGRSAG_LBCQSNPMWCARMh1S\BC@CP]?F?ACPSQRCB
! $GE??JMRPMBGPCARMPBCNPMWCARMQOSCJMKZQNPM@?@JCCQOSCJ?PCQNSCQR??QS
NPM@JCK?J?CLASCLRPCCLJ?'S]?BCJ0-"/+c
" .MAMPP?PGCQEMQW@MPPCCQCC K?GJ
# /DP\XA?JC?WSB?CJNP_VGKMQZ@?BMAS?LBMHSCESCL?JRCLGQ
$ $GP]H?QC?QSQSNCPGMPWNJ?LRCCJ?QGRS?AG_LNPCTGM?GLGAG?PCJAMLR?ARM
 

17
$GPCARMPBC0PMWCARMQ


 ,SCEM BC  KCQCQ BC NJ?LGDGA?AG_L W  KCQ BC CHCASAG_L  CJ NPMWCARM F?
DGL?JGX?BM %J AJGCLRC F? ?ACNR?BM DMPK?JKCLRC RMBMQ JMQ CLRPCE?@JCQ W N?PRGAGN?BM CL
J?CLASCQR?BCJCAAGMLCQ?NPCLBGB?Q%Q?QJCAAGMLCQ?NPCLBGB?QQCPZL-%*/2SRGJGX?B?Q
CLSLLSCTMNPMWCARMBSP?LRCCJEPSNMBCNPMACQMQBC
! -MLGRMPCMWAMLRPMJ
" %HCASAG_L
# #GCPPC
$ 0J?LGDGA?AG_L

 %J NPCQSNSCQRM ?J DGL?JGX?P RS NPMWCARM BC ?KNJG?AG_L BC MDGAGL?Q ?QAGCLBC ?
$C?ASCPBM?JAPMLMEP?K?BC?ARGTGB?BCQ FMWBC@CP]?QCQR?PCLSLLGTCJBC
?T?LAC D]QGAM BCJ   NCPM Q_JM CQRZQ ? SL  h#SZJ CQ CJ T?JMP E?L?BM BCJ
NPMWCARM
! 
" 
# 
$ 

 %L SL NPMWCARM OSC SRGJGX? COSGNMQ TGPRS?JCQ  CJ NPGLAGN?J KCBGM BC AMKSLGA?AG_L
OSC CQRZL SRGJGX?LBM CQ CJ CK?GJ 0?P? OSC JMQ KCLQ?HCQ QC?L QCESPMQ  J?
PCQNMLQ?@GJGB?BNPGLAGN?JPCA?CQM@PC
! %JN?RPMAGL?BMPBCJNPMWCARM
" %JAMMPBGL?BMPBCJNPMWCARM
# %JCKGQMP
$ 4MBMQJMQ?LRCPGMPCQ

 %L SL NPMWCARM BC D?@PGA?AG_L BC ?SRMK_TGJCQ CL QCPGC  KGBCQ CJ PCQSJR?BM
RCPKGL?BM TCPQSQ J?Q CQNCAGDGA?AGMLCQ BC BGQC^M %QRC CQ SL CHCKNJM BC >>>>>>> BC
A?JGB?B
! "CLAFK?PIGLE
" !QCESP?KGCLRM
# #MLRPMJ
$ !SBGRMPG?

,?NJ?LGDGA?AG_LCQRZ?T?LX?LBMN?P?SLNPMWCARMOSCRP?R?CJCQRSBGMBCKCPA?BM
QM@PCJ?BCK?LB?NMRCLAG?JBCSLLSCTMNPMBSARM%JBGPCARMPBCJNPMWCARMWQSCOSGNM
CQRZL JGQRMQ N?P? GLGAG?P AML CJ NPMACQM BC CQRGK?P JMQ AMQRMQ %J AJGCLRC F? QMJGAGR?BM
CQRGK?PJMQAMQRMQJM?LRCQNMQG@JCh1S\K\RMBMBCCQRGK?AG_LPCAMKCLB?P]?Q
! 0?P?K\RPGA?
" !QACLBCLRC
# !LZJME?
$ !LZJGQGQBCPCQCPT?

*,H;NLJN>LE:L>QIEB<:<BHG>L=><:=:IK>@NGM::E?BG:E=>EEB;KHA:LM:
GH A:;>K M>KFBG:=H => >LMN=B:K MH=H >E EB;KH R A:R:L K>:EBS:=H IHK
L>@NG=:O>S>LM>FBLFH>Q:F>G 

*,HM>=>C>L>G@:X:K<HGIK>@NGM:LJN>MB>G>GBG?HKF:<BYGBKK>E>O:GM>

 

18


También podría gustarte