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1.2.Cálculos
𝑸
𝑼𝒐(𝒆𝒙𝒑) = … … … … (𝟏)
𝑨𝑻 ∗ ∆𝑻𝑳
𝑫𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆:
𝑈𝑜(𝑒𝑥𝑝) = Coeficiente global de transferencia de calor
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑎 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝐴𝑇 = Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟
∆𝑇𝐿 = 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟á𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟í𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝑨𝑻 = 𝝅 ∗ 𝒅𝒆𝒙𝒕 ∗ 𝑳𝑻
𝑳𝑻 = 𝟒𝑳
∆𝑻𝟐 − ∆𝑻𝟏
∆𝑻𝑳 =
∆𝑻
𝐥𝐧 (∆𝑻𝟐 )
𝟏
̅ ̅ 𝒑 ∗ ∆𝑻𝒇
𝑸 = 𝒎𝒄 ∗ 𝑪𝒑𝒄 ∗ ∆𝑻𝒄 = 𝒎𝒇 ∗ 𝑪 𝒇
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒏
𝑪𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒂𝒍 = 𝑻𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒐
mL 1L 1m3 𝒎𝟑
𝐶𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 79.9933 ∗ ∗ = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟑 ∗ 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
s 1000mL 1000L 𝒔
3
mL 1𝐿 1𝑚 −𝟓
𝒎𝟑
𝐶𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑓𝑟í𝑜 = 79.3066 ∗ ∗ = 𝟕. 𝟗𝟑𝟎𝟔𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎
s 1000𝑚𝐿 1000𝐿 𝒔
De tablas1 De tablas2
50.2℃
ρ50.2
H2 O
℃
989.0137 Kg/m3 Cp H O 4.18134 KJ/Kg*K
2
35.7 ℃
ρ35.7
H2 O
℃
995.0293 Kg/m3 Cp H O 4.178 KJ/Kg*K
2
De tablas3 De tablas4
ρ18.0
H2 O
℃
997.6613Kg/m3 Cp18.0℃ 4.18331 KJ/Kg*K
H2 O
30.2 ℃
ρ30.2
H2 O
℃
995.8716 Kg/m3 Cp
H2 O
4.17833 KJ/Kg*K
kg kg
ρ50.2 ℃ 35.7 ℃
H 2 O + ρH 2 O
989.0137 3 + 995.0293 m3 𝐤𝐠
̂𝐜 =
𝛒 = m = 𝟗𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟓 𝟑
2 2 𝐦
ρ18.0
H2 O
℃
+ ρ30.2
H2 O
℃
(997.6613 + 995.8716) Kg/m 3
𝐊𝐠
̂𝐟 =
𝛒 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟔. 𝟕𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟓 𝟑
2 2 𝐦
𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐:
1
𝑚3 kg 𝑲𝒈
𝒎̇𝒄 = 7.99933 ∗ 10−5 ∗ 992.0215 3 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟑𝟓𝟓
𝑠 m 𝒔
kg 𝑲𝒈
𝒎̇𝒇 = 7.93066𝑥10−5 ∗ 996.76645 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟗𝟎𝟓
m3 𝒔
̂𝐩 , ̂
Hallamos el 𝐂 𝐂𝐩
𝐜 𝐟
Cp 44.1℃ + Cp 32.8 ℃
𝐉
H2 O H2 O
̂𝐩 =
𝐂 = 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟒
𝐜 2 𝐤𝐠. 𝐊
Cp18.1℃ + Cp 29.9 ℃ 𝐉
H2 O H2 O
̂p =
C = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟗𝟏
f 2 𝐊𝐠. 𝐊
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 ∆𝑻𝒄
∆𝑻𝒄 = T1 − T2 = 44.1 − 32.8 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑 𝑲
∆𝑻𝒇 = T4 − T3 = 18.1 − 29.9 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖 𝑲
𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝑸 𝒔𝒆𝒓á:
𝐾𝑔 J 𝑱
𝑸𝒄 = 𝑚𝑐 ∗ 𝐶𝑝̅ 𝑐 ∗ ∆𝑇𝑐 = 0.08273 ∗ 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟖. 𝟖𝟒 ∗ 11.3 𝐾 = 𝟑𝟗𝟎𝟔. 𝟑𝟗
𝑠 kg. K 𝒔
𝐾𝑔 J 𝑱
̂ f × ∆Tf = 0.0831
𝐐𝒇 = ṁf × Cp ∗ 41884.91 ∗ 11.8 𝐾 = 𝟒𝟏𝟎𝟑. 𝟔
𝑠 Kg. K 𝒔
𝑱
̅ = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟒. 𝟗
𝐐
𝒔
𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐚 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝑼𝒐(𝒆𝒙𝒑) 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐨 𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐬 𝑨𝑻 ∗ ∆𝑻𝑳
Datos de laboratorio
T3 18.1 °C
T4 29.9 °C
(L) 130 cm
Tubo interno Tubo externo
(dint) 13mm (Dint) 23mm
(dext) 16mm (Dext) 25mm
𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝑻
1m
𝑳𝑻 = 4L = 4 ∗ 130cm ∗ = 𝟓. 𝟐𝒎
100cm
1m
𝑨𝑻 = π ∗ dext ∗ LT = π ∗ 16mm ∗ ∗ 5.2m = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟏𝟑𝟖 𝒎𝟐
1000mm
∆𝑇2 − ∆𝑇1
∴ ∆𝑻𝑳 = = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟑𝑲
∆𝑇
ln (∆𝑇2 )
1
𝑸 𝑱
𝑼𝒐(𝒆𝒙𝒑) = = 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟒. 𝟗 𝟐
𝑨𝑻 ∗ ∆𝑻𝑳 𝒎 ∗𝒔∗𝑲
𝑾
𝑼𝒐(𝒆𝒙𝒑) = 𝟏𝟒𝟓𝟒. 𝟗
𝒎𝟐∗𝑲
3
𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒆𝒍 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆 𝑼𝒐(𝒕𝒆ó𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒐) 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏:
𝟏
𝐔𝐨 𝐭𝐞ó𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨 = … … … . . (2)
𝟏 𝐝𝐨 𝐝 𝟏
+ ∗ 𝐋𝐧 ( 𝒆𝒙𝒕 ) +
𝐡𝐢 𝐨 𝟐 ∗ 𝐤 𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐨
𝑫𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆:
dint
hi o = hi ∗ ( )
dext
̂p ∗ (T1 − T2 )
ṁc ∗ C
c
hi =
Ai × ∆Ti
Ai = π ∗ dint ∗ L 𝑇
(T1 − T3 ) + (T2 − T4 )
∆Ti =
2
4
1/3
k 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜 ρ̂f × Vf × de 0,8 ̂ f × μ̂f
Cp
ho = 0,023 × ( )×( ) ×( )
de μ̂f k tubo
Donde:
(D2int − d2ext )
de =
dext
𝑇 𝑇
ρH32 O + ρH42 O
ρ̂f =
2
𝑇 𝑇
μH32 O + μH42 O
μ̂f =
2
Cp 𝑇3 + Cp 𝑇4
H2 O H2 O
̂p =
C
f 2
𝐶𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑓𝑟í𝑜
Vf =
Área del ánulo
π
Aánulo = × (de )2
4
Datos de laboratorio
T1 50.2 °C
T2 35.7 °C
T3 18.0 °C
T4 30.2 °C
Caudal fluido frío 79.3066 mL/s
(L) 130 cm
Tubo interno Tubo externo
(dint) 13mm (Dint) 23mm
(dext) 16mm (Dext) 25mm
Primero hallamos:
ρ18.0 ℃ 30.2 ℃
H2 O + ρ H2 O (997.6613 + 995.8716) Kg/m3
̂𝐟 =
𝛒 = = 𝟗𝟗𝟔. 𝟕𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟓 𝐊𝐠/𝐦𝟑
2 2
J
Cp18.0℃ + Cp 30.2 ℃ (4183.31 + 4178.33)
KgK 𝐉
H2 O H2 O
̂𝐩 =
𝐂 = = 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝟐
𝐟 2 2 𝐊𝐠. 𝐊
De tablas5 De tablas6 De tablas7
ρ18.0
H2 O
℃ 997.6613Kg/m3 Cp18.0℃ 4.18331 KJ/Kg*K μ18.0°C
H2 O 1.0736x103 Kg/m.s
H2 O
30.2 ℃
4.17833 KJ/Kg*K μ30.2 °C 0.8047 x103 Kg/m.s
ρ30.2
H2 O
℃ 995.8716 Kg/m3
Cp H2 O
H2 O
μ18.0°C 30.2 °C
H O + μ H2 O (1.0736x103 + 0.8047x103 ) Kg/m. s 𝐊𝐠
̂𝐟 = 2
𝛍 = = 𝟗𝟑𝟗. 𝟏𝟓
2 2 𝐦. 𝐬
𝟏/𝟑
𝐤 𝒕𝒖𝒃𝒐 𝛒̂𝐟 ∗ 𝐕𝐟 ∗ 𝐝𝐞 𝟎,𝟖 ̂𝐟 ∗ 𝛍
𝐂𝐩 ̂𝐟
𝐡𝐨 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟐𝟑 ∗ ( )∗( ) ∗( )
𝐝𝐞 𝛍
̂𝐟 𝐤 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐨
W Kg 𝑚 0,8 J Kg 1/3
13,4 996.76645 3 ∗ 0.3469 ∗ 0.01706 𝑚 4180.82 ∗ 939.15
m. K ) ∗ ( m 𝑠 Kg. K m. s
ho = 0,023 ∗ ( ) ∗( )
0.01706 𝑚 Kg W
939.15 13,4
m. s m. K
𝐖
𝐡𝐨 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟏
𝐦𝟐 . 𝐊
Hallamos hi
1𝑚
𝐀 𝐢 = π ∗ dint ∗ L 𝑇 = 𝜋 ∗ 13𝑚𝑚 ∗ ∗ 5.20𝑚 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟕 𝒎𝟐
1000𝑚𝑚
6
𝐾𝑔 J
̂𝐩 ∗ (𝐓𝟏 − 𝐓𝟐 )
𝐦̇𝐜 ∗ 𝐂 0.079355 ∗ 4179.67 ∗ (50.2 − 35.7)°𝐶 𝐖
𝐜 𝑠 kg. K
𝐡𝐢 = = = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟖𝟑 𝟐
𝐀𝐢 ∗ ∆𝐓𝐢 0.01634 𝑚2 ∗ 18.85 °𝐶 𝐦 .𝐊
Entonces: dint W 13 𝐖
𝐡𝐢 𝐨 = hi ∗ ( ) = 1201.3783 2 ∗ ( ) = 𝟗𝟕𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗 𝟐
dext m . K 16 𝐦 .𝐊
𝟏
𝐔𝐨 𝐭𝐞ó𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨 =
𝟏 𝐝𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐝 𝟏
+ ∗ 𝐋𝐧 ( 𝒆𝒙𝒕 ) +
𝐡𝐢 𝐨 𝟐 ∗ 𝐤 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐨
𝐖
𝐔𝐨 𝐭𝐞ó𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐨 = 𝟖𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟓
𝐦𝟐 . 𝐊