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(5.67 – 5.72)
ASGNATURA : Física I
SEMESTRE : I
Ayacucho – Perú
2014
EJERCICIOS RESUELTO DE FÍSICA (5.67 – 5.72)
Solución
𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔:
𝑤𝐴 = 1.20𝑁, 𝑤𝐵 = 3.60𝑁, 𝜇𝑘 = 0.300, 𝐹⃗ = ? ?
fkA F fkB
T
fk
wB
wA nB
Solución
𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑒:
F
Fsin53.1°
53.1° n
Fcos53.1°
fk=ukn
w
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗, 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 = 0
∗ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑛 − 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1° = 0
𝑛 = 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1°
𝑓𝑘 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑛 = 𝜇𝑘 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1°
∗ ∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦
𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53.1° − 𝑤 − 𝑓𝑘 = 0
𝐹 𝑠𝑖𝑛 53.1° − 𝑤 − 𝜇𝑘 𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1° = 0
𝐹(𝑠𝑖𝑛 53.1° − 𝜇𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1°) = 𝑤
𝑤
𝐹=
(𝑠𝑖𝑛 53.1° − 𝜇𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1°)
a) 𝑳𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝑭 ⃗⃗
𝑤
𝐹=
(sin 53.1° − 𝜇𝑘 cos 53.1°)
120𝑁
𝐹= = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝑵
(𝑠𝑖𝑛 53.1° − (0.15) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 53.1°)
Solución
a) ¿ 𝑸𝒖é 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒄𝒕ú𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒃𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒈𝒂? 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑á𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒍
𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒈𝒂.
9.80𝑚
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 = 𝑚𝑎 = 62𝑚𝑔 = 62(210 × 10−9 𝑘𝑔) ( 2 ) = 𝟏. 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑵
𝑠
∴ 𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎 𝑒𝑠 62 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑔𝑎
b) ¿ 𝑸𝒖é 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂 𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒂 𝒎á𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒄𝒕ú𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒃𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒈𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒂 𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐
𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝒆𝒔𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒓𝒛𝒂 𝒎á𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂?
9.80𝑚
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 = 140𝑚𝑔 = 140(210 × 10−9 𝑘𝑔) ( 2 ) = 𝟐. 𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑵
𝑠
mg
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜:
𝑤 15.0
𝑚= = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟏𝒌𝒈
𝑔 9.8
𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜:
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦
𝑇 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑇 − 𝑚𝑔 13.07𝑚
𝑎= =
𝑚 𝑠2
𝟑𝟑𝟎𝒎 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟕𝒎
𝑉0𝑦 = 0, 𝑉𝑦 = , 𝑎𝑦 = , 𝑡 = ¿?
𝒔 𝒔𝟐
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑉𝑦 = 𝑉0𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
𝑉𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
330𝑚
𝑉𝑦 𝑠
𝑡= = = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟑 𝒔
𝑎𝑦 13.07𝑚
𝑠2
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑗𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑒.
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝐹 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎
9.8𝑚 13.07𝑚
𝐹 = 𝑚(𝑔 + 𝑎) = (25000𝑘𝑔) ( 2 + ) = 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟕𝟓𝟎𝑵
𝑠 𝑠2
𝑑𝑣
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠: ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗ , 𝑎 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
𝑎= = (3.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ) + 2(0.20 𝑚⁄𝑠 3 )𝑡 = (3.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ) + (0.40 𝑚⁄𝑠 3 )𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎: 𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠
𝑎 = (3.0 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ) + (0.40 𝑚⁄𝑠 3 )(4.0 𝑠) = 𝟒. 𝟔 𝒎⁄𝒔𝟐
𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑒 72 𝑘𝑔
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 − 𝑤 = 𝑚𝑎
𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑎 = 𝑤 + 𝑚𝑎 = (72𝑘𝑔)(9.8𝑚/𝑠 2 ) + (72𝑘𝑔)(4.6 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ) = 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝑵
mg
𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠: ∑ 𝐹⃗ = 𝑚𝑎⃗
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 𝑚𝑎𝑦 , 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠: 𝑛 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎
𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝒎
𝑛 = 1.6𝑚𝑔, 𝑎 = 0.60𝑔 =
𝒔𝟐
5.88𝑚
𝑦 − 𝑦0 = 3.0 𝑚, 𝑎𝑦 = , 𝑉0𝑦 = 0
𝑠2
2
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑉𝑦2 = 𝑉0𝑦 + 2𝑎𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦0 )
5.88𝑚
𝑉𝑦2 = 0 + 2 ( 2 ) (3.0𝑚)
𝑠
𝑉𝑦 = √2(5.88)(3.0) = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟑 𝒎/𝒔