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AUTORES Y AFILIACIÓN:
RESUMEN:
Los métodos utilizados en el análisis de la caliza son los característicos de los minerales
y rocas en general. A pesar de que la disolución de muchos minerales y rocas exige
tratamientos enérgicos, la caliza se disuelve con facilidad. Aunque el método de análisis
de cada constituyente es, en general, el mismo que cuando el elemento está aislado, el
análisis es más difícil, ya que implica la separación cuantitativa de los constituyentes,
debiéndose evitar cualquier pérdida o contaminación de la muestra y procurando obtener
separaciones analíticas netas.
La roca caliza es un componente importante del cemento gris usado en las construcciones
modernas y también puede ser usada como componente principal, junto con áridos, para
fabricar el antiguo mortero de cal, pasta grasa para creación de estucos o lechadas para
pintar superficies, así como otros muchos usos por ejemplo en industria farmacéutica o
peletera. Se encuentra dentro de la clasificación de recursos naturales: recursos no
renovables (minerales): no metálicos, como el salitre, el aljez y el azufre.
ABSTRACT
The methods used in the analysis of limestone are those characteristic of minerals and
rocks in general. Although the dissolution of many minerals and rocks requires energetic
treatments, limestone dissolves easily. Although the method of analysis of each
constituent is, in general, the same as when the element is isolated, the analysis is more
difficult, since it involves the quantitative separation of the constituents, avoiding any
loss or contamination of the sample and trying to obtain Net analytical separations.
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the main component of sedimentary rock "limestone" (38)
or calcite. It can also contain small amounts of minerals such as clay, hematite, siderite,
quartz, which modify the color and degree of coherence of the rock. Dolomitic limestones
contain high amounts of magnesium carbonate, in smaller amounts calcium and
magnesium and aluminum silicates, as well as iron and aluminum carbonates and
silicates. The almost mono mineral character of the limestones allows to recognize them
easily thanks to two fundamental physical and chemical characteristics: it is less hard than
copper (its hardness in the scale of Mohs is 3) and reacts with effervescence in the
presence of acids such as acid hydrochloric who breaks down this type of rock
completely, leaving the silica undissolved. Some limestones decompose more easily if
they are first calcined; others have to undergo disintegration by fusion with sodium
carbonate.
Limestone is important as an oil reservoir, given its large porosity. It has a great resistance
to disintegration; this has allowed many sculptures and ancient buildings carved in
limestone to reach the present. However, the action of rainwater and rivers (especially
when acidulated by carbonic acid) causes its dissolution, creating a type of characteristic
disintegration called karstic. Limestone is used in the construction of rock formations for
maritime and port works such as breakwaters, breakwaters, breakwaters, among other
stabilization and protection structures.
Limestone is an important component of gray cement used in modern buildings and can
also be used as a main component, together with aggregates, to make the old lime mortar,
grease paste for creating stuccoes or grouts to paint surfaces, as well as many other uses,
for example in the pharmaceutical or leather industry. It is within the classification of
natural resources: non-renewable resources (minerals): non-metallic, such as saltpetre,
aljez and sulfur.