UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

PRACTICA N° 1

𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟓 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟒
3. A= [−𝟏 𝟒 𝟓 ] ; C= [−𝟏 𝟑 𝟒]
𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟒 𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑
b. demuestre que AC=A y CA=C
2 −3 −5 2 −2 4
AC= [−1 4 5 ] [−1 3 4]
1 −3 −4 1 −2 −3
4 + 3 − 5 −4 − 9 + 10 8 − 12 + 15
AC=[−2 − 4 + 5 2 + 12 − 10 −4 + 16 − 15]
2+3−4 −2 − 9 + 8 4 − 12 + 12
𝟐 −𝟑 𝟏𝟏
AC=[−𝟏 𝟒 −𝟑]
𝟏 −𝟑 𝟒
 AC≠A

2 −2 4 2 −3 −5
CA=[−1 3 ] [
4 −1 4 5]
1 −2 −3 1 −3 −4
4 + 2 + 4 −6 − 8 − 12 −10 − 10 − 16
CA=[−2 − 3 + 4 3 + 12 − 12 5 + 15 − 16 ]
2+2−3 −3 − 8 + 9 −5 − 10 + 12
𝟏𝟎 −𝟐𝟔 −𝟑𝟔
CA=[−𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 ]
𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟑
 𝐴𝐶 ≠ 𝐶

4. b). Multiplicar las siguientes matrices:

3 5 2 1 6 − 15 3 + 10 −𝟗 𝟏𝟑
[ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
6 −1 −3 2 12 + 3 6 − 2 𝟏𝟓 𝟒 𝟐×𝟐

Para los ejercicios del 6 y 11 considerar:

𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 −𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑 −𝟐
𝑨=[ ] ; 𝑩 = [𝟐 𝟏 ] ; 𝑪 = [ 𝟒 𝟏 𝟓] ; 𝑫 = [ ] ; 𝑬 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟒];
𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
−𝟒 𝟓
𝑭=[ ]
𝟐 𝟑

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 1

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

Hallar:
6. 𝟑𝐃 + 𝟐𝐅
3 −2 −4 5 9 −6 −8 10 𝟏 𝟒
3[ ]+ 2[ ]=[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
2 4 2 3 6 12 4 6 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟖

11. (𝑪 + 𝑬 + 𝑭𝒕 )𝒕
Realizando la matriz transpuesta de 𝐹 𝑡 :
−4 5 −4 2
𝐹𝑡 = [ ]=[ ]
2 3 5 3
Ahora:
𝑡
3 −1 3 2 −4 5
(𝐶 + 𝐸 + 𝐹 𝑡 )𝑡 = ([4 1 5] + [0 1 4] + [−4 2])
5 3
2 1 3 3 2 1
Realizando transpuestas tenemos:
3 4 2 2 0 3
(𝐶 + 𝐸 + 𝐹 𝑡 )𝑡 =𝐶 𝑡 + 𝐸 𝑡 + (𝐹 𝑡 ) = [−1 1 1] + [−4 1 2] + [−4 5]
𝑡
2 3
3 5 3 5 4 1
𝟓 𝟒 𝟓
−𝟒 𝟓
= [−𝟓 𝟐 𝟑] + [ ]
𝟐 𝟑
𝟖 𝟗 𝟒
Nota: no se puede desarrollar esta parte de la matriz debido a son matrices de orden superior.

20. Escribir explícitamente la matriz 𝑨 = [𝒂𝒊𝒋 ] ; donde 𝒂𝒊𝒋 = 𝟐𝒊 + 𝟑𝒋

𝟑×𝟑

21 + 31 21 + 32 21 + 33 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟗
𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×3 = [22 + 31 22 + 32 2
2 +3 3] = [ 𝟕 𝟏𝟑 𝟑𝟏]
23 + 31 23 + 32 3
2 +3 3 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟕 𝟑𝟓

𝟑 𝟏 −𝟐 𝟔 𝟕 −𝟓 𝟔 𝟑 −𝟕
25. Si 𝑨 = [−𝟕 𝟏 𝟒 ] ; 𝑩 = [ 𝟏𝟐 𝟓 −𝟔] ; 𝑪 = [ 𝟏𝟐 𝟓 −𝟔] resolver la ecuación:
𝟖 𝟑 𝟔 −𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟎
𝟐(𝑿 − 𝟐) = 𝟑𝑿 − 𝑪 − 𝟐(𝑨 + 𝟐𝑩 − 𝑿)
2𝑋 − 4 = 3𝑋 − 𝐶 − 2𝐴 − 4𝐵 + 2𝑋
−3𝑋 = −𝐶 − 2𝐴 − 4𝐵 − 4
𝐶+2𝐴+4𝐵−4
𝑋=
3

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 2

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

Resolver:

6 3 −7 3 1 −2 6 7 −5
[ 12 5 −6] + 2 [−7 1 4 ] + 4 [ 12 5 −6] − 4
𝑋 = −1 14 10 8 3 6 −1 14 10
3

6 3 −7 6 2 −4 24 28 −20
[ 12 5 −6] + [−14 2 8 ] + [ 48 20 −24] − 4
𝑋 = −1 14 10 16 6 12 −4 56 40
3
𝟑𝟔 𝟑𝟑 −𝟑𝟏
[𝟒𝟔 𝟐𝟕 −𝟐𝟐] − 𝟒
𝑿 = 𝟏𝟏 𝟕𝟔 𝟔𝟐
𝟑

𝟏 −𝟑 𝟒 −𝟏
41. Dadas las matrices 𝑨 = [ ] ; 𝑩=[ ] , Hallar X en (𝑨𝑩)𝒕 + 𝑿 = 𝟐(𝑩𝒕 + 𝑨)
𝟐 𝟓 𝟐 𝟔
𝒕
𝑋 = 𝟐(𝑩𝒕 + 𝑨) − (𝑨𝑩)𝒕 = 𝟐(𝑩𝒕 + 𝑨) − 𝑨𝒕 ∗ 𝑩
4 2 1 −3 1 2 4 2
𝑋 = 2 [[ ]+[ ]] − [ ][ ]
−1 6 2 5 −3 5 −1 6
5 −1 4−2 2 + 12
𝑋 = 2[ ]_[ ]
1 11 −12 − 5 −6 + 30
10 −2 2 14
𝑋=[ ]−[ ]
2 22 −17 24
𝟖 −𝟏𝟔
X=[ ]
𝟏𝟗 −𝟐
PRACTICA N° 2

Halle el valor de cada uno de los determinantes:

𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
𝟐. |𝑨| = | 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑|
−𝟐 𝟓 𝟒

|𝐴| = 3 [2 3 1 3 1 2
] − 4[ ] + 5[ ]
5 4 −2 4 −2 5
|𝐴| = 3(8 − 15) − 4(4 + 6) + 5(5 + 4)
|𝐴| = −21 − 40 + 45 = −𝟏𝟕

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 3

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟔
𝟕. |𝑨| = | |
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟗
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟕
4 1 6 2 1 6 2 4 6 2 4 1
|𝑨| = 1 |1 2 9| − 1 |4 2 9| + 1 |4 1 9| − 6 |4 1 2|
4 2 7 2 2 7 2 4 7 2 4 2

|𝐴| = 1 [4 [2 9] − 1 [1 9] + 6 [1 2]] − 1 [2 [2 9] − 1 [4 9] + 6 [4 2]]

2 7 4 7 4 2 2 7 2 7 2 2

1 9 4 9 4 1 1 2 4 2 4 1
+1 [2 [ ] − 4[ ] + 6[ ]] − 6 [2 [ ] − 4[ ] + 1[ ]]
4 7 2 7 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4

|𝐴| =1[4(14 − 18) − 1(7 − 36) + 6(2 − 8)] −1[2(14 − 18) − 1(28 − 18) + 6(8 − 4)] + 1
[2(7 − 36) − 4(28 − 18) + 6(16 − 2)] − 6[2(2 − 8) − 4(8 − 4) + 1(16 − 2)]
|𝐴| = [4(−4) − 1(−29) + 6(−6)] − 1[2(−4) − 1(10) + 6(4)] + [2(−29) − 4(10) + 6(14)]
−6[2(−6) − 4(4) + 1(14)]
|𝐴| = [−16 + 29 − 36] − [−8 − 10 + 24] + [−58 − 40 + 84] − 6[−12 − 16 + 14]
|𝐴| = −23 − 6 − 14 + 84 = 𝟒𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟐
12. |𝑨| = | |
𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏
𝟑 𝟏 𝟓 −𝟑
3 2 −2 2 3 −2 2 3 2
|𝐴| = 1 |4 2 1 | − 0 − 1 |2 4 1 | − 2 |2 4 2|
1 5 −3 3 1 −3 3 1 5
|𝐴| = [3(−11) − 2(−13) − 2(18)] − [2(−13) − 3(−9) − 2(−10)]
−2[2(18) − 3(4) + 2(−10)]
|𝐴| = [−33 + 26 − 36] − [−26 + 27 + 20] − 2[36 − 12 − 20]
|𝐴| = −43 − 21 − 8 = −𝟕𝟐
PRACTICA N° 3:
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 −𝟑
5). 𝑨 = [ ]
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟏 𝟒
Calcular la inversa 𝑨−𝟏
𝟏
𝑨−𝟏 =
|𝑨|

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 4

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

3 2 −3 1 2 −3 1 3 −3 1 3 2
A= 2 [ 2 1 −1] − 1 [−1 1 −1] + (−1) [−1 2 −1] − 2 [−1 2 1]
−3 −1 4 2 −1 4 2 −3 4 2 −3 −1
[𝐴]=2⌊3(3) − 2(5) + (−3)(1)⌋ - [1(3) − 2(−2) + (−3)(−1)] - [1(5) − 3(−2) + (−3)(−1)] -2
[1(1) − 3(−1) + 2(−1)]
[𝐴]= 2(9-10-3) -(3+4+3) -(5+6+3)-2(1+3-2)
[𝐴]= -8-10-14-4 =-36

¿Adjunta de A=?
3 2 −3
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
𝛼11=(−1)2 𝑀11=𝑀11 [ 2 1 −1] = 3 [ ]−2 [ ]−3 [ ]
−1 4 −3 4 −3 −1
−3 −1 4
= 3(4 − 1) − 2(8 − 3) − 3(−2 + 3) = _𝟒
1 2 −3
1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1
𝛼12=(−1)3 𝑀12=−𝑀12 [−1 1 −1] = − [1 [ ]−2 [ ]−3 [ ]]
−1 4 2 4 2 −1
2 −1 4
= −[1(4 − 1) − 2(−4 + 2) − 3(1 − 2)] = −𝟏𝟎
1 3 −3
2 −1 −1 −1 −1 2
𝛼13=(−1)4 𝑀13= 𝑀13 [−1 2 −1] = [1 [ ]−3 [ ]−3 [ ]]
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
2 −3 4
= [1(8 − 3) − 3(−4 + 2) − 3(3 − 4)] = 𝟏𝟒
1 3 2
2 1 −1 1 −1 2
𝛼14 = (−1)5 𝑀14 = −𝑀14 [−1 2 1 ] = − [1 [ ]−3 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−3 −1 2 −1 2 −3
2 −3 −1
= −[1(−2 + 3) − 3(1 − 2) + 2(3 − 4)] = −𝟐
1 −1 2
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
𝛼21 = (−1)3 𝑀21 = −𝑀21 [2 1 −1] = − [1 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−1 4 −3 4 −3 −1
−3 −1 4
= −[1(4 − 1) + 1(8 − 3) + 2(−2 + 3)] = −𝟏𝟎
2 −1 2
1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1
𝛼22 = (−1)4 𝑀2 2 = 𝑀12 [−1 1 −1] = [2 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−1 4 2 4 2 −1
2 −1 4
= [2(4 − 1) + 1 + 2(1 − 2)] = 𝟐
2 1 2
2 −1 −1 −1 −1 2
𝛼23 = (−1)5 𝑀23 = −𝑀23 [−1 2 −1] = − [2 [ ]−1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
2 −3 4
= −[2(8 − 3) − 1(−4 + 2) + 2(3 − 4)] = −𝟏𝟎

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 5

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

2 1 −1
2 1 −1 1 −1 2
𝛼24 = (−1)6 𝑀24 = 𝑀24 [−1 2 1 ] = [2 [ ]−1 [ ]−1 [ ]]
−3 −1 2 −1 2 −3
2 −3 −1
= [2(−2 + 3) − 1(1 − 2) − 1(3 − 4)] = 𝟒
1 −1 2
2 −3 3 −3 3 2
𝛼31 = (−1)4 𝑀31 = 𝑀31 [3 2 −3] = [1 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−1 4 −3 4 −3 −1
−3 −1 4
= [1(8 − 3) + 1(12 − 9) + 2(−3 + 6)] = 𝟏𝟒
2 −1 2
2 −3 1 −3 1 2
𝛼32 = (−1)5 𝑀32 = −𝑀32 [1 2 −3] = − [2 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
−1 4 2 4 2 −1
2 −1 4
= −[2(8 − 3) + 1(4 + 6) + 2(−1 − 4)] = −𝟏𝟎
2 1 2
3 −3 1 −3 1 3
𝛼33 = (−1)6 𝑀33 = 𝑀33 [1 3 −3] = [2 [ ]− 1[ ]+2 [ ]]
−3 4 2 4 2 −3
2 −3 4
= [2(12 − 9) − 1(4 + 6) + 2(−3 − 6)] = −𝟐𝟐
2 1 −1
3 2 1 2 1 1
𝛼34 = (−1)7 𝑀34 = −𝑀34 [1 3 2 ] = − [2 [ ]−1 [ ]−1 [ ]]
−3 −1 2 −1 2 −3
2 −3 −1
= −[2(−3 + 6) − 1(−1 − 4) − 1(−3 − 6)] = −𝟐𝟎
1 −1 2
2 −3 3 −3 3 2
𝛼41 = (−1)5 𝑀41 = −𝑀41 [3 2 −3] = − [1 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
1 −1 2 −1 2 1
2 1 −1
= −[1(−2 + 3) + 1(−3 + 6) + 2(3 − 4)] = −𝟐
2 −1 2
2 −3 1 −3 1 2
𝛼42 = (−1)6 𝑀42 = 𝑀42 [1 2 −3] = [2 [ ]+1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
1 −1 −1 −1 −1 1
−1 1 −1
= [2(−2 + 3) + 1(−1 − 3) + 2(1 + 2)] = 𝟒
2 1 2
3 −3 1 −3 1 3
𝛼43 = (−1)7 𝑀43 = −𝑀43 [ 1 3 −3] = − [2 [ ]−1 [ ]+2 [ ]]
2 −1 −1 −1 −1 2
−1 2 −1
= −[2(−3 + 6) − 1(−1 − 3) + 2(2 + 3)] = −𝟐𝟎
2 1 −1
3 2 1 2 1 3
𝛼44 = (−1)8 𝑀44 = 𝑀44 [ 1 3 2 ] = [2 [ ]−1 [ ]−1 [ ]]
2 1 −1 1 −1 2
−1 2 1
= [2(3 − 4) − 1(1 + 2) − 1(2 + 3)] = −𝟏𝟎
−𝟒 −𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟒 −𝟐
−𝟏𝟎 𝟐 −𝟏𝟎 𝟒
𝑨𝒅𝒋 𝑨 = [ ]
𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟎 −𝟐𝟐 −𝟐𝟎
−𝟐 𝟒 −𝟐𝟎 −𝟏𝟎

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 6

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

Ahora:
1
𝐴−1 = 𝐴𝑑𝑗(𝐴)
|𝐴|
2 5 −7 1
1 5 −1 5 −2
𝐴−1 = (−2 [ ])
−36 −7 5 11 10
1 −2 10 5
𝟐 𝟓 −𝟕 𝟏
𝟏 𝟓 −𝟏 𝟓 −𝟐
𝑨−𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 [ ]
−𝟕 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝟏 −𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟓

𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 −𝟏 𝟏
10. A= [ ]
−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏 −𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐

1
1 2 −1 2 1 0 0 0 H21(-2) 1 2 −1 2 1 0 0 0 H2(− 2)
2 2 −1 1 0 1 0 0 0 −2 −1 −3 −2 1 0 0
A= [ ] [ ]
−1 −1 1 −1 0 0 1 0 H31(1) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
2 1 −1 2 0 0 0 1 0 −3 1 −2 −2 0 0 1
H41(-2)

1 2 −1 2 1 0 0 0 H21(-2) 1 0 0 −1 −1 1 0 0
H3(2)
1 3 1 1 3 1
0 1 − 1 − 0 0 0 1 − 1 − 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 H31(1) 0 1 1 1
[0 0 − 0 1 0
−3 1 −2 −2 0 0 1] H41(-2) 2 2 2
1 5 3
[0 0 −
2 2
1 −
2
0 1]

1
1 0 0 −1 −1 1 0 0 H23( ) 1 0 0 −1 −1 1 0 0 1
2
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 H4(2)
0 0 1 −1 0 1 2 0 [ ]
0 0 1 −1 0 1 2 0
1 1 1 1 H (1)
0 0 0 2 1 −1 1 1
[0 0 0 1 − 43
2
2 2 2 2]

1 1 1 1
H14(1) 1 0 0 0 −
1 0 0 −1 −1 1 0 0 2 2 2 2
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 −1 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 −
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 H24(-1) 1 1 5 1
[0 0 0 1
2
−
2 2 2] 0 0 1 0
H34(1) 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
[0 0 0 1
2
−
2 2 2 ]

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 7

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

1 1 −1 −1 −1
𝐴−1 = − −1 −1 −1 1
2 [−1 −1 −5 −1]
−1 1 −1 −1

1 1 − 2 + 1 − 2 −1 − 2 + 1 + 2 −1 − 2 + 5 − 2 −1 + 2 + 1 − 2
−1
𝐴. 𝐴 =− 2 − 2 + 1 − 1 −2 − 2 + 1 + 1 −2 − 2 + 5 − 1 −2 + 2 + 1 − 1
2 [
−1 + 1 − 1 + 1 1 + 1 − 1 − 1 1+1−5+1 1−1−1+1
]
2 − 1 + 1 − 2 −2 − 1 + 1 + 2 −2 − 1 + 5 − 2 −2 + 1 + 1 − 2

−1
1 −2 0 0 0
𝐴. 𝐴 =− 0 −2 0 0
2 [ 0 0 −2 0
]
0 0 0 −2
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝐴. 𝐴−1 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
15. Hallar la inversa, si existe, de la matriz 𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟐 𝟒]
𝟑 −𝟐 𝟏
1
H21(-2) H2(− 6)
1 4 2 1 0 0 1 4 2 1 0 0
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐻]= [2 2 4 0 1 0] [0 −6 0 −2 1 0]
3 −2 1 0 0 1 H (1) 0 −14 −5 −3 0 1
31

1 2
1 0 2 − 0
1 4 2 1 0 0 H12(-4) 3 3 1
1 1 H3(− 5)
1 1
[0 1 0 − 0] 0 1 0 − 0
3 6 3 6
0 −14 −5 −3 0 1 H32(14)
5 7
[0 0 −5
3
−
3
1]

1 2 1 4 2
1 0 2 −
0 1 0 0 − −
3 3 H13(−2) 3 15 5
1 1 1 1
0 1 0 − 0 0 1 0 − 0
3 6 3 6
1 7 1 5 7 1
[0 0 −5 −
3 15
− ]
5 [0 0 1
3 15
− ]
5

𝟏 𝟒 𝟐
− 𝟑 − 𝟏𝟓 𝟓
𝟏 𝟏
𝑨−𝟏 = −𝟔 𝟎
𝟑
𝟓 𝟕 𝟏
[ 𝟑 𝟏𝟓
− 𝟓]

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 8

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

Verificación:
1 4 2
− −
3 15 5
1 4 2 1 1
𝐴𝐴−1 = [2 2 4] − 0
3 6
3 −2 1 5 7 1
[ − ]
3 15 5
1 4 2 4 10 14 2 2
+ − − − + +0−
3 3 3 15 15 15 15 5
10 10 20 8 5 28 4 4 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝐴𝐴−1 = 15
+
15
−
15
−
15
−
15
+
15 5
+0−
5
= [𝟎𝟏 𝟎]
1 2 3 12 5 7 6 1 𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
[ + − − + + +0− ]
3 3 3 15 15 15 5 5

𝑨−𝟏 𝒅𝒆 𝑨 Sí existe

20) Demuestre que las matrices siguientes son inversas

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
− −
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑨= − 𝒚 𝑩 = [−𝟐 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
[𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 ]

1 2 1 1 −2 −1 5 0 0
− − 1 0 0 H1(5) 2
5 5 5 2 1 2 H21(− 5)
2 1 2 − 0 1 0
[𝑨: 𝑰] = − 0 1 0 5 5 5
5 5 5 2 1 3
2 1 3 [5 0 0 1] 2
0 0 1] 5 5 H31(− 5)
[5 5 5

1 −2 −1 5 0 0 H12(2) 1 0 −1 1 2 0 H13(1)
[0 1 0 −2 1 0] [0 1 0 −2 1 0]
0 1 1 −2 0 1 0 1 1 0 −1 1
H31(-1)
1 0 0 1 1 1
[0 1 0 −2 1 0]
0 1 1 0 −1 1

1 1 1
−1
𝐴 = [−2 1 0]
0 −1 1

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 9

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

Verificación:

1 1 −2 −1 1 1 1
𝐴. 𝐴−1 = [2 1 −2] [−2 1 0]
5
2 1 3 0 −1 1
1+4+0 1−2+1 1+0−1 5 0 0
−1 1 1
𝐴. 𝐴 = [2 − 2 + 0 2+1+2 2 + 0 − 2] = [0 5 0 ]
5 5
2−2+0 2+1−3 2+0+3 0 0 5
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
−1
𝐴. 𝐴 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
La matriz si Existe
1
1 1 1 1 0 0 H21(-2) 1 1 1 1 0 0 H2(− 3)
(B: I) = [−2 1 0 0 1 0] [0 3 2 2 1 0]
0 −1 1 0 0 1 0 −1 1 0 0 1

1 1 1
H12(--1) 1 0 − 0 3
1 1 1 1 0 0 3 3 3 H3(5)
2 2 1 2 2 1
[0 1 0] 0 1 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
0 −1 1 0 0 1 H31(1) 5 2 1
[0 0
3 3 3
1
]
1 1 1 1 1 2 1
1 0 − 0 H13(− 3) 1 0 0 − −
3 3 3 5 5 5
2 2 1 2 1 2
0 1 0 0 1 0 −
3 3 3 2
5 5 5
1 1 3
H23(− 3)
2 1 3
[0 −1 1
5 5 5] [0 0 1
5 5 5 ]
1 2 1
− −
5 5 5
−1 2 1 2 𝟏 𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏
𝐵 = − = [𝟐 𝟏 −𝟐]
5 5 5 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑
2 1 3
[5 5 5 ]

Verificación:

1 1 1 1 1 −2 −1
𝐵. 𝐵 −1 = [−2 1 0] [2 1 −2]
5
0 −1 1 2 1 3
1 0 0
−1
𝐵. 𝐵 = [0 1 0 ]
0 0 1

La matriz si Existe

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 10

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

1 𝑎+𝑏 0
25. si 𝐴 = [2 5 𝑎] es una matriz simétrica. Calcular el determinante de 𝐴 y la matriz inversa
𝑏 𝑥 3
de 𝐴

 Como 𝐴 es simétrica entonces

1 𝑎+𝑏 0 1 2 𝑏
𝐴 = [2 5 𝑎] 𝐴−𝑡 = [𝑎 + 𝑏 5 𝑥]
𝑏 𝑥 3 0 𝑎 3
 𝑎+𝑏 =2 →𝑎=2
1 2 0
 𝑏=0 →𝑏=0 𝑡
𝐴 = 𝐴 = [2 5 2] → por ser simetrica
0 2 3
 𝑥=𝑎 →𝑥=2
Ahora:
|𝐴| = 1(11) − 2(6) + 0 = −𝟏
5 2
𝜶𝟏𝟏 = (−1)2 𝑀𝟏𝟏 = 𝑀𝟏𝟏 | | = 𝟏𝟏
2 3
2 2
𝜶𝟏𝟐 = (−1)3 𝑀𝟏𝟐 = −𝑀𝟏𝟐 | | = −𝟔
0 3
2 5
𝜶𝟏𝟑 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟏𝟑 = 𝑀𝟏𝟑 | |=𝟒
0 2
2 0
𝜶𝟐𝟏 = (−1)3 𝑀𝟐𝟏 = −𝑀𝟐𝟏 | | = −𝟔
2 3
1 0
𝜶𝟐𝟐 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟐𝟐 = 𝑀𝟐𝟐 | |=𝟑
0 3
1 2
𝜶𝟐𝟑 = (−1)5 𝑀𝟐𝟑 = −𝑀𝟐𝟑 | | = −𝟐
0 2
2 0
𝜶𝟑𝟏 = (−1)4 𝑀𝟑𝟏 = 𝑀𝟑𝟏 | |=𝟒
5 2
1 0
𝜶𝟑𝟐 = (−1)5 𝑀𝟑𝟐 = −𝑀𝟑𝟐 | | = −𝟐
2 2
1 2
𝜶𝟑𝟑 = (−1)6 𝑀𝟑𝟑 = 𝑀𝟑𝟑 | |=𝟏
2 5
Ahora:
11 −6 4
Adj. 𝐴 = |−6 3 −2|
4 −2 1
11 −6 4 −𝟏𝟏 𝟔 −𝟒
−1 1 −1 1
Ahora: 𝐴 = |𝐴|
. 𝐴𝑑𝑗. 𝐴 → 𝐴 = |−1|
|−6 3 −2| = [ 𝟔 −𝟑 𝟐 ]
4 −2 1 −𝟒 𝟐 −𝟏

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 11

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

1 2 0 −11 6 −4 −11 + 12 + 0 6−6+0 −4 + 4 + 0

𝐴. 𝐴−1 = [2 5 2] [ 6 −3 2 ]=[−22 + 30 − 8 12 − 15 + 4 −8 + 10 − 2]
0 2 3 −4 2 −1 0 + 12 − 12 0−6+6 0+4−3
1 0 0
𝐴. 𝐴−1 = [0 1 0]
0 0 1
PRACTICA N° 4
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 = 𝟕
1.C.){𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟒
𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛 = 𝟏𝟐
H21 (-1)
1 2 2 7 1 2 2 7 H12 (-2)
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐻] = [1 3 1 4] [0 1 −1 −3]
2 −3 5 12 H31 (-1) 0 −5 3 5 H32 (5)

1 0 4 13 H3 (-1/2) 1 0 4 13 H13 (-4) 1 0 0 −7

[0 1 −1 −3 ] H13 (-4) [0 1 −1 −3] [0 1 0 2 ]
0 0 −2 −10 0 0 1 5 H23 (1) 0 0 1 5
𝑋 = −7
𝑌 = 2
𝑍 = 5

VERIFICACION:
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7 −7 + 4 + 10 = 7 7= 7
{𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4 −7 + 6 + 5 = 4 4= 4
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 12 −7 − 6 + 25 = 12 12 = 12
: . ES CORRECTO

𝟑𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 + 𝟐𝑿𝟑 + 𝟒𝑿𝟒 = 𝟏

𝑿 − 𝑿𝟐 + 𝟑𝑿𝟑 − 𝑿𝟒 = 𝟑
5: { 𝟏
𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏𝑿𝟑 + 𝟏𝟑𝑿𝟒 = −𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟏𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝑿𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝑿𝟒 = 𝟗

UTILIZANDO EL METODO DE LA MATRIZ APLICADA:

1 2 4 1 H21 (-1)
3 1 2 4 : 1 H1 (1/3) 1 :
3 3 3 3
[𝐴 ⋮ 𝐻]= [ 1 −1 3 −1 : 3 1 −1 3 −1 : 3
]
1 7 −11 13 : −13 1 7 −11 13 : −13 H31 (-1)
11 1 12 10 : 9 [11 1 12 10 : 9 ] H41 (-11)

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 12

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TRUJILLO-SEDE SANTIAGO DE CHUCO

1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1
1 3 3 3
: 3
1 3 3 3
: 3 H12 (-1/8)
0 −3
1 7
−3
7
:
8 H2 (-3/4) 0 1 −4
7 7
: −4
8
3 3 4
20 35 35 40 20 35 35 40
0 − : − 0 − : − H32 (-20/3)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
8 14 14 16 8 14 14 16
[0 − 3 3
− 3
: 3 ] [0 −3 3
− 3
: 3 ] H42 (8/3)

5 3
1 0 : 1
4 4
7 7 8
0 1 − : −
4 4 4
120
0 0 0 0 : −
4
48
[0 0 0 0 :
4 ]
 𝑋1 + 4 𝑋3 + 4 𝑋4 = 1
5 3 4− 5𝑇−3𝑆
𝑋1 = 4
7 7 8 −8+7𝑡−7𝑠
 𝑋2 − 4 𝑋3 + 4 𝑋4 = − 4 𝑋2 = 4
 𝑥3 = 𝑡 = 1
 𝑥4 = 𝑠 = 2
𝑹𝑬𝑴𝑷𝑳𝑨𝒁𝑨𝑵𝑫𝑶:
4−5(1)−3(2) 7
𝑋1 = =-4
4
7
𝑋1 = −4
−8+7(1)−7(2) 15 15
𝑋2= =- 𝑋2 = −4
4 4
𝑋3 = 1
𝑋4 = 2
𝑋3 =1
𝑋4=2
VERIFICANDO:
5𝑋3 3 7 3 −7+5+6
𝑋1 + +4 𝑋4 =1 -4+ 5/4(1) + (2) =1 =1 4=4
4 4 4

7 7 8 15 7 7 8
𝑋2- 4 𝑋3 +4 𝑋4 = - 4 − - 4(1) +4 (2) =- 4 -15-7+14=-8 -8=-8
4

: . ES CORRECTO

INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL-MATEMATICA III 13