TEMA 2 MATRICES Y DETERMINANTES

2.3 EJERCICIOS RESUELTOS

MATERIA:
Álgebra lineal

GRUPO:
2c1C

DOCENTE:
Miguel Ángel Herrera Hernández

CARRERA:
Ingeniería química

INTEGRANTES DEL EQUIPO 3:

Cruz Díaz Víctor Hugo
Gerardo Santiago Israel
Martínez Huerta José Enrique
Rodríguez Higuera Diana Itzel

OBSERVACIONES:
Todos trabajaron correctamente
 Ejercicio 1
Para las siguientes matrices efectúa A+B A-B A-A 4A-3B 2A-0B

−3 1 −3 1
1- 𝐴 = [ ] 𝐵= [ ]
0 2 0 2

−3 1 −3 1 −𝟔 𝟐
𝑨+𝑩= [ ]+ [ ] = [ ]
0 2 0 2 𝟎 𝟒

−3 1 −3 1 𝟎 𝟎
𝑨−𝑩= [ ] − [ ] =[ ]
0 2 0 2 𝟎 𝟎

−3 1 −3 1 𝟎 𝟎
𝑨−𝑨= [ ] − [ ] =[ ]
0 2 0 2 𝟎 𝟎

−3 1 −3 1 −12 4 −9 3 −𝟑 𝟏
𝟒𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 4 ∗ [ ]− 3∗ [ ] = [ ]− [ ] = [ ]
0 2 0 2 0 8 0 6 𝟎 𝟐

−3 1 −3 1 −6 2 0 0 −𝟔 𝟐
𝟐𝑨 − 𝟎𝑩 = 2 ∗ [ ]− 0∗ [ ] = [ ]− [ ] = [ ]
0 2 0 2 0 4 0 0 𝟎 𝟒

2- A= [2 0 1] B= [−6 7 3]

𝑨 + 𝑩 = [2 0 1] + [−6 7 3] = [−𝟒 𝟕 𝟒]

𝑨 − 𝑩 = [2 0 1] − [−6 7 3] = [𝟖 −𝟕 −𝟐]

𝑨 − 𝑨 = [2 0 1] − [2 0 1] = [𝟎 𝟎 𝟎]

4𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 4 ∗ [2 0 1] − 3 ∗ [−6 7 3] = [8 0 4] − [−18 21 9] = [𝟐𝟔 −𝟐𝟏 −𝟓]

2A−𝟎𝑩 = 2 ∗ [2 0 1] − 0 ∗ [−6 7 3] = [4 0 2] − [0 0 0] = [𝟒 𝟎 𝟐]
 2 −7 −4 5
3- 𝐴 = [1 0 ] 𝐵 = [ 2 −6]
2 −3 1 7

2 −7 −4 5 −𝟐 −𝟐
𝑨 + 𝑩 = [1 0 ] + [ 2 −6] = [ 𝟑 −𝟔]
2 −3 1 7 𝟑 𝟒

2 −7 −4 5 𝟔 −𝟏𝟐
𝑨 − 𝑩 = [1 0 ] − [ 2 −6] = [−𝟏 𝟔 ]
2 −3 1 7 𝟏 −𝟏𝟎

2 −7 2 −7 𝟎 𝟎
𝑨 − 𝑨 = [1 0 ] − [1 0 ] = [𝟎 𝟎]
2 −3 2 −3 𝟎 𝟎

2 −7 −4 5 8 −28 −12 15 𝟐𝟎 −𝟒𝟑

𝟒𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 4 ∗ [1 0 ] − 3 ∗ [ 2 −6] = [4 0 ]− [ 6 −18] = [−𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 ]
2 −3 1 7 8 −12 3 −21 𝟓 −𝟑𝟑

2 −7 −4 5 4 −14 0 0 𝟒 −𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝑨 − 𝟎𝑩 = 2 ∗ [1 0 ] − 0 ∗ [ 2 −6] = [2 0 ] − [ 0 0] = [ 𝟐 𝟎 ]
2 −3 1 7 4 −6 0 0 𝟒 −𝟔

2 −3 −1 1 −6 4
4- 𝐴 = [ ] 𝐵=[ ]
4 −6 −1 −3 2 7

2 −3 −1 1 −6 4 3 −9 3
𝑨+𝑩=[ ] + [ ]= [ ]
4 −6 −1 −3 2 7 1 −4 8

2 −3 −1 1 −6 4 1 3 −5
𝑨−𝑩=[ ] − [ ]= [ ]
4 −6 −1 −3 2 7 7 −8 −6

2 −3 −1 2 −3 −1 0 0 0
𝑨−𝑨=[ ] + [ ] = [ ]
4 −6 −1 4 −6 −1 0 0 0

2 −3 −1 1 −6 4 8 −12 −4 3 −18 12 𝟓 𝟔 −𝟏𝟔

𝟒𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 4 ∗ [ ] − 3∗[ ]= [ ]−[ ]= [ ]
4 −6 −1 −3 2 7 16 −24 4 −9 6 21 𝟐𝟓 −𝟑𝟎 −𝟏𝟕

2 −3 −1 1 −6 4 4 −6 −2 0 0 0 𝟒 −𝟔 −𝟐
𝟐𝑨 − 𝟎𝑩 = 2 ∗ [ ] − 0∗[ ]= [ ]−[ ]= [ ]
4 −6 −1 −3 2 7 8 −12 2 0 0 0 𝟖 −𝟏𝟐 𝟐
 1
2
5
1 −1 0
3
5 8 1
5- 𝐴 = [0 3 2] 𝐵= 3
−5 8
1
7 5 0 2 4 3
− 2]
[ 3 5

1 𝟑 𝟏
2 1 −1 0 𝟑 −
5 3 𝟓 𝟖
5 8 1 𝟏
𝑨+𝑩= 0 3 2 + −5 8 = −𝟐 𝟏𝟎
1 3 𝟑
2 4 3 𝟐𝟑 𝟑
[7 5 0] − ] [ 𝟓 − ]
[3 5 2 𝟑 𝟐
1 𝟕 𝟏𝟒 𝟏
2 1 −1 0
5 3 𝟓 𝟑 𝟖
5 8 1 𝟏
𝑨−𝑩= 0 3 2 − −5 8 = 𝟕 −𝟔
1 3 𝟑
7 0] 2 4 3 𝟏𝟗 𝟑 𝟑
[ 5 − ] [ − ]
[3 5 2 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐
2 1 2 1
5 5
5 8 5 8 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
𝑨−𝑨= 0 3 2 − 0 3 2 = [𝟎 𝟎 𝟎]
1 1 𝟎 𝟎 𝟎
[7 0] [7 0]
5 5
1
2 1 −1 0 8 1 23 1
5 3 20 −3 1 0 19
5 8 1 5 2 1 −15 24 5 2
𝟒𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 4 ∗ 0 3 2 − 3∗ −5 8 = 0 12 8 − [ 12 9] = −1 27 −16
1 3 4 2 − 3 9
2 4 3
[7 5
0]
− ] [
28
5
0] 5 2 [−26 −
5
− ]
3
[3 5 2
1
2 1 −1 0 4 1 𝟒 𝟏
5 3 10 𝟏𝟎
5 8 1 5 4 0 0 0 𝟓 𝟒
𝟐𝑨 − 𝟎𝑩 = 2 ∗ 0 3 2 − 0∗ −5 8 = 0 6 4 − [ 0 0 0] = 𝟎 𝟔 𝟒
1 3 2 0 0 0 𝟐
2 4 3
[7 5
0]
− ] [
14
5
0] [𝟏𝟒 𝟓 𝟎]
[3 5 2
 Ejercicio 2
Para las siguientes matrices determina: AB, BA, A(B-2A), en caso de ser posible.

1
1 𝐴 = (5 7) 𝐵 = ( )
−1
1
𝐴𝐵 = (5 7) 𝐵 = ( )
−1
(5 ∗ 1) (5 − 1)
=( )
(7 ∗ 1) (7 ∗ −1)
5 −5
=( )
7 −7

2 −1
2𝐴 = (3 0 1) 𝐵 = (0 2 )
1 2
2 −1
𝐴𝐵 = (3 0 1) (0 2)
1 2
=((3 ∗ 2) + (0 ∗ 0) +(−1 ∗ −1) (3 ∗ −1) + (0 ∗ 2) (−1 ∗ 2))

=(7 5)

4 2 −1 0
3𝐴 =( ) 𝐵=( )
0 1 −2 −4

4 2 −1 0
𝐴𝐵 = ( )( )
0 1 −2 −4
(4 ∗ −1) + (2 ∗ −2) (4 ∗ 0) + (2 ∗ −4)
=( )
(0 ∗ −1) + (1 ∗ 4) (0 ∗ 0) + (1 ∗ −4)
8 −8
=( )
4 −4

3 5 −1 −4
4𝐴 =( ) 𝐵=( )
−1 −2 −3 1

3 5 −1 −4
𝐴𝐵 = ( )( )
−1 −2 −3 1
(3 ∗ 1) + (5 ∗ 3) (3 ∗ −4) + (5 ∗ 1)
=( )
(−1 ∗ −1) + (−2 ∗ −4) (−1 ∗ −4) + (−2 ∗ 1)
18 −17
=( )
9 6
 Ejercicio 3
Encuentre el determinante de las siguientes matrices

2 −3
1- 𝐴 = [ ] = 10 + 12 = 𝟐𝟐
4 5

−2 6
2- 𝐵 = [ ] = 14 − 6 = 𝟖
1 −7

0 5
3- 𝐶 = [ ] = −0 − 50 = −𝟓𝟎
10 −4

3 −1 8 3 −1 8
D = |5 6 4 | = |5 6 4 | = −54 + 160 − 0 − 0 − 48 − 15 = −117 + 160 = 𝟒𝟑
0 4 −3 0 4 −3
3 −1 8
⋮ ⋮
5 6 4
−2 −5 −1 −2 −5 −1
E = |−4 −1 −3| = |−4 −1 −3| = −12 + 0 + 15 − 1 + 0 + 120 = 𝟏𝟐𝟐
1 0 −6 1 0 −6
−2 −5 −1
⋮ ⋮
−4 −1 −3
 Ejercicio 4.
Aplicando la regla de Cramer resuelve los siguientes sistemas.

−𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −5
a) {
𝑥+𝑦 =1
−1 −5
−5 3 | | −1+5 4
| | 𝑦= 1 1
= = = −1
𝑥= 1 1 = −5 − 3 = −8 = 2 −4 −4 −4
−1 3
| | −1 − 3 −4
1 1

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2, −1)

−𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1 = 0
b) {𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = −3
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1
0 2 −1| 0 2
|−3 −3 1| −3 −3|
1 1 −1| 1 1 2+3−3−6 −4 4
𝑥= = = =
−1 2 −1| −1 2 −3 + 4 − 1 − 6 + 1 + 2 −3 3
| 1 −3 1| 1 −3|
2 1 −1| 2 1

−1 0 −1| −1 0
| 1 −3 1| 1 −3|
2 1 −1| 2 1 −3 − 1 − 6 + 1 −9
𝑦= = = =3
−3 −3 −3

−1 2 0| −1 2
| 1 −3 −3| 1 −3|
2 1 1| 2 1 +3 − 12 − 3 − 2 −14 14
𝑧= = = =
−3 −3 −3 3

4 14
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = ( , 3, )
3 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
c) {
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
0 −1
| | 2 0
𝑥= 5 1 = 5 =5=1 | | 10
3 5
|
2 −1
| 2+3 5 𝑦= = =2
3 1 5 5

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1, 2)
 𝑥+𝑦−𝑧 =2
d) {−𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4
3𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6

2 1 −1| 2 1
|4 2 1| 4 2|
6 1 1| 6 1 4 + 6 − 4 + 12 − 2 − 4 12
𝑥= = = =1
1 1 −1| 1 1 2+3+1+6−1+1 12
|−1 2 1| −1 2|
3 1 1| 3 1

1 2 −1| 1 2
|−1 4 1| −1 4|
3 6 1| 3 6 4 + 6 + 6 + 12 − 6 + 2 24
𝑦= = = =2
−3 12 12
1 1 2| 1 1
| −1 2 4| −1 2|
3 1 6| 3 1 12 + 12 − 2 − 12 − 4 + 6 12
𝑧= = = =1
12 12 12

(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (1, 2, 1)

𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = −3
f) { 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 3
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 6

−3 −2 1| −3 −2
| 3 3 − 1| 3 3|
6 −1 3| 6 −1 −27 + 12 − 3 − 18 + 3 + 18 −15 15
𝑥= = = =−
1 −2 1| 1 −2 9 + 2 − 2 − 3 − 1 + 12 17 17
|2 3 −1| 2 3|
1 −1 3| 1 −1

1 −3 1| 1 −3
|2 3 −1| 2 3|
1 6 3| 1 6 9 + 3 + 12 − 3 + 6 + 18 45
𝑦= = =
17 17 17

1 −2 −3| 1 −2
|2 3 3| 2 3|
1 −1 6| 1 −1 18 − 6 + 6 + 9 + 3 + 24 54
𝑧= = =
17 17 17

15 45 54
(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (− , , )
17 17 17
 −3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3
g) {
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −1

3 2
|
| −3 + 2 −1 −3 3
𝑥= −1 −1 = = =1 | | 3−6 −3
2 −1
|
−3 2
| 3−4 −1 𝑦= = = =3
2 −1 −1 −1 −1

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1, 3)

2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0
h) { −𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑧 = −3

0 −1 −1| 0 −1
| 1 2 1| 1 2|
−3 −3 −2| −3 −3 3+3−6−2 −2
𝑥= = = =1
2 −1 −1| 2 −1 −8 − 1 − 3 + 2 + 6 + 2 −2
|−1 2 1| −1 2|
1 −3 −2| 1 −3

2 0 −1| 2 0
|−1 1 1| −1 1|
1 −3 −2| 1 −3 −4 − 3 + 1 + 6 0
𝑦= = = =0
−2 −2 −2

2 −1 0| 2 −1
|−1 2 1| −1 2|
1 −3 −3| 1 −3 −12 − 1 + 6 + 3 −4
𝑧= = = =2
−2 −2 −2

(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (1, 0, 2)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −5
i) {
5𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1

−5 2 3 −5
| | | |
𝑥= 1 1 = −5 − 2 = −7 = 1 5 1 3+25 28
3 2 3 − 10 −7 𝑦= = = = −4
| | −7 −7 −7
5 1

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (1, −4)

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