Tamar jojua

inglisuri emfaturi konstruqciebis (emfaza) tipebi da

funqcionireba

komunikaciis process TiTqmis yovelTvis Tan axlavs komunikantTa emociebi. rac ufro
mniSvnelovania sasaubro Tema da saubris saboloo Sedegi, miT ufro wonadia rogorc dadebiTi,
ise uaryofiTi Seferilobis matarebeli emociaTa faqtori. Aam faqtoris roli Semdegnairad
gansazRvra cnobilma frangma lingvistma S. balma:”imyofeba ra mosaubre emociurad daZabul
mdgomareobaSi da rodesac is gansakuTrebiT dainteresebuli imiT, rom partniori Tavisi saubris
gavlenis qveS moaqcios, rogorc wesi is sakuTar metyvelebas afeqtur Seferilobas sZens, vinaidan
“afeqturi” saubari-saukeTeso saSualebaa daarwmunos sakomunikacio partniori misi piradi azrisa
da Sexedulebis sisworeSi.” (bali, 2003: 255)

komunikaciis emociuri Seferiloba da eqspresiuloba garkveulwilad ganpirobebulia emfaturi

saSualebebiT, romelic moicavs rogorc gramatikuls ise leqsikurs, rig SemTxvevebSi ki orives
erTad. Eemfaturi konstruqciis (emfaza) meSveobiT xdeba winadadebis romelime wevris
(gamonaTqvamis romelime elementis) aqcentireba. Eemfaza enaSi aZlierebs azris gamoxatvisas
emocias, nebelobas. is yvelaze ufro xSirad gvxvdeba mxatvrul literaturaSi, oratorul da sagazeTo-
publicistur stilSi, arc Tu ise iSviaTad weriT metyvelebis iseT saxeobebSi rogoricaa samecniero
da oficialur-saqmiani stili romelTac ar axasiaTebT eqspresiuloba. (amosova, 1999: 103-104).
emfaturi modelebi ar ganixileba rogorc sametyvelo normidan raime gadaxveva an darRveva.Ees
lingvisturi movlena sruliad kanonzomieria eqspresiuli da emociuri metyvelebisaTvis. Eemfaturi
modelebis funqcionireba ganpirobebulia imiT rom, gramatikul formas gaaCnia rogorc
denotaciuri mniSvneloba (mniSvnelobis formis mTliani moculoba, misi eqspresiul-emociuri
Seferilobis gamoklebiT), aseve konotciuri-formis subieqtur mniSvnelobaTa mTeli rigi
(eqspresiuloba, emociurobis efeqtis intensifikacia). inglisur enaSi metyvelebis eqspresiulobisa da
emociurobis xarisxs ganapirobebs arsebuli emfatur konstruqciaTa farTo speqtri daMmaTi
specifiuroba, es zog SemTxvevaSi arTulebs orginalSi teqstis gagebasa da Targmans. (galperini,
2000:119-124)

Eemfazis gamoxatvis erT-erT yvelaze ufro farTod gavrcelebul saSualebad gvevlineba emfaturi
(gamaZlierebeli) zmna do, xazs usvams Semasmenels da winadadebas met emociurobas
aniWebs. Mmag.,

“And you know I do like you most awfully. I mean, I’ve never met anyone who’s a patch on
you.” .( Maugham, Theatre)

emfazis erT-erT saxeobaT miCneulia inversia(sametyvelo, zepir enaSi, winadadebaSi sityvebis

Cveulebrivi ganlagebis SesaZlo darRveva). misi meSveobiT xdeba gamonaTqvamis erTi an
ramdenime elementis gamoyofa, siswrafisa da dinamiurobis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad da
winadadebebs Soris ufro mWidro kavSiris Seqmna. Mmag.,

With the experienced actress’s instinct to fit the gesture to the word, by a movement of her neat
head she indicated the room through which she had just passed.( Maugham, Theatre)

inglisur enaSi EgamonaTqvams eqspresiulobas aniWebs ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxelic Mmag., My

father himself never visited, and never allowed the men under him to visit a native camb unless
permission was asked of the chief or the head of the group (Gilmore., Flora).

emfatur konstruqciebs ganekuTvneba of +piris nacvalsaxeli obieqtur brunvaSi. Mmag., “It was
very stupid of her”-----She thought. .( Maugham, Theatre) da e.w. Condensed Relative
(mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli what qvemdebarul an damatebiT damokidebul winadadebebSi).
Mmag.,

“I should hate to be an actor if that’s what you mean” .( Maugham, Theatre)

emfazis gamoxatva xdeba formaluri qvemdebaris- It-is meSveobiT. Mmag.,

It was the first that any woman in the family had gone into a festival. (Schumacher ,Reunion)

formaluri qvemdebare It xSirad gamoiyeneba zmnasTan uaryofiT formaSi kavSirebTan till/until.

Mmag., It wasn’t till years after the operation that I realized it. (Schumacher.,Reunion)

mxolod wlebis Semdeg operaciisa me es gavaanalize.

rogorc vxedavT miuxedavaT imisa rom winadadeba uaryofiT formaSia, gamonaTqvams

mTlianobaSi ar gaaCnia uaryofiTi azri, es ki mas ufro met emfaturobas aniWebs.

Ekonstruqcia not until yovelTvis gamoxatavs emfazas. Mmag.,

It was not until about 1911 that a first really successful theory of atomic structure was suggested
by Rutherford.(Wikipedia)

uaryofiTi konstruqciebi meti emociuri muxtisa da eqspresiulobis matarebelia vidre mtkicebiTi.

Aamas ganapirobebs is, rom uaryofis lingvisturi kategoria didi logikuri mniSvnelobis
matarebelia. winadadebaSi uaryofa Cveulebisamebr daismis zmnis piriani formis win, xolo
rodesac is gvxvdeba winadadebis sxva wevrebTan ---qvemdebaresa da arsebiTi saxeliT
gamoxatul damatebasTan, maSin eqspresiuloba ufro Zlierdeba. (mixelsoni, uspenskaia, 1995: 143)
Mmag.,

Not only did I violate the clan code by visible nonconformity but I was mentally and invisibly
rebellious.(Poter, First Love)
He never gave a hint, no glance even betrayed, that he was her lover. .( Maugham, Theatre)

inglisuri enis winadadebaSi dasaSvebia erTi uaryofa. Oormagi uaryofa mxolod sintagmaturad
gamoiyeneba. isini cvlian formis denotaciur mniSvnelobas da aneitraleben ra erTmaneTs,
qmnian opozicias---- mtkicebiT mniSvnelobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi erTi uaryofa gamoxatulia
gramatikuli saSualebiT, xolo meore ki uaryofiTi prefiqsebis an uaryofiTi mniSvnelobis
matrebeli sityvebis daxmarebiT. ormagi uaryofis SemTxvevaSi winadadeba azrobrivad
mtkicebulebas gamoxatavs. mag.,

“I didn’t dislike him. I made use of him. He could tell me a lot of things that I wanted to know.”
.( Maugham, Theatre)

“You can hardly say that your father doesn’t exist.” ( Maugham, Theatre)

ritorikuli kiTxviTi forma warmoadgens mtkicebulebas da Tanac

emfaturs. Mmag.,
"Isn't it a bit unnerving that doctors call what they do 'practice'?"
(George Carlin)
"If practice makes perfect, and no one's perfect, then why practice?" (Billy Corgan)
"Marriage is a wonderful institution, but who would want to live in an institution?"
(H. L. Mencken )

emfazis gamoxatvis kidev erT farTod gavrcelebul saSualebas warmoadgens parcelacia----

gamonaTqvamis an misi romelime nawilis wertiliT gamoyofa. Ggamoyofili SeiZleba iqnes
elipturi winadadeba an erTi sityvac ki. Aarc-Tu ise iSviaTad parcelirebuli elementebi qmnian
jaWvs sadac TiToeuli maTgani gancalkavebulia wertiliT an sxva sasveni niSniT, mag. kiTxviTi.
mag.,
No tool of any kind bites on them. No rude hands can be laid upon these ommortals. No
chemical analysis can tell you their composition. No biology unfold their ancestry or relate the
story of their evolution. ( W. Dixon., The Human Situation)
“What will I do while you’re gone? What will the kids do? What will they think? “ his voice
warbled. (Schumacher,Reunion)

winadadebaSi eqspresiulobis efeqti miiRweva Semdegi zmnizedebis meSveobiT: really, literally

,awfully, absolutely, simply, for sure. Mmag.,
“It’s awfully kind of you.” He gave his clothes a troubled look.” I am absolutely filthy.”

( Maugham, Theatre)

I really don’t trust him.

He literally wrecked his mother’s car.
She simply ignored my request. ( Emphatic forms - ESL Resources .)
Michael is going to take revenge, for sure.
abstraqtuli da nivTierebaTa aRmniSvneli arebiTi saxelebi eqspresiulobas iZenen im
SemTxvevaSi roca maTi gamoyeneba mravlobiT ricxvSi warmoebs. Mmag.,
The snows and frosts of an Arctic winter killed.(Teaching and Learning Languages.)
A thousand pardons were produced when she made a mistake. (Teaching and Learning
Languages.)
Eemfazis gamoxatvis gansakuTrebul models wrmoadgens windebuli at + kuTvnilebiTi
nacvalsaxeli absolutur formaSi+ zedsarTavi aRmatebiT xarisxSi. Mmag.,
AAfter such terrible rain their newly harvested corn was at its worst condition. ( Emphatic forms
- ESL Resources .)
inglisur enaSi emfazis gamoxatvis leqsikuri, gramatikuli da leqsikur-gramatikuli konstruqciaTa
mdidari arsenalis Seswavla-analizi da maTi klasifikacia gauadvilebs enis Semswavlelebs
inglisuri metyvelebis adekvatur aRqmasa da Targmnis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebis
warmatebiT gadalaxvas.

literatura
1amosova, 1999- Н.Н. Амосова, О некоторых типовых конструкциях в английском языке
Вып. 2. № 8.
2.bali, 2003- Ш.Балли , Язык и жизнь. М.: УРСС
3.galperini, 2000- И.Р.Гальперин, Текст как объект лингвистического исследования М.:
Высш. шк.,.
4.mixelsoni, uspenskaia, 1995- Т. Н. Михельсон, Н. В. Успенская -- Практический курс
грамматики английского языка
5. diqsoni, 1968-W. Dixon., The Human Situation
6. moemi, 1997---W. S. Maugham, Theatre.
7.poteri, 2004----H. Poter, First Love.
7. SumaCeri 2000----J. Schumacher, Reunion.
8.jilmori, 2004-M. Gilmore, Flora.

Tamar Jojua
Types of English Emphatic Constructions (Emphaza) and Their Functioning
 Summary

The article deals with the lexical, grammatical and lexico-grammatical expressive means of the
English Language.

To make a sentence prominent there are different expressive means in English: emphatic “do”,
inversion (when a word or a word group is put in any abnormal position), the reflexive
pronoun,Of + the personal pronoun in the objective case, at + the possessive pronoun in the
absolute form+ the adjective in the superlative degree, constructions with the anticipatory
“it”,negative constructions with conjuctions till/until, constructions with double negation. The
so-called repetition group are another emphatic means to make a sentence prominent, the effect
of exspressivness is gained with the help of such adverbs as really, literally ,awfully, absolutely,
simply, for sure. A rich spectrum of emphatic constructions and the peculiarities of their
functioning are analysed and classified in the given article. Better knowledge and comprehension
of these linguistic phenomena help English learners to improve both their understanding and
active use of English in real-time communication.