EJERCICIOS DE COMPROBACION

1) EJERCICIO 1:

RESOLVER:

𝑋 2 𝑌 ′′ + 2𝑋𝑌 ′ − 2𝑌 = 0

SEA:

𝑌 = 𝑥𝑚

𝑌 = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1

𝑌 = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2

REEMPLAZANDO EN LA ECUACIÓN DIFERENCIAL:

𝑋 2 (𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 ) + 2𝑋(𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 ) − 2𝑋 𝑚 = 0

𝑋 𝑚 (𝑚(𝑚 − 1) + 2𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 − 2𝑋 𝑚 ) = 0

𝑋 𝑚 [(𝑚2 − 𝑚) + 2𝑚 − 2] = 0

𝑋 𝑚 [(𝑚2 − 𝑚) + 2𝑚 − 2] = 0

𝑋 𝑚 [𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 2𝑚 − 2] = 0

𝑋 𝑚 [𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 2] = 0

𝑚2 + 𝑚 − 2 = 0 𝑌 = 𝐶1 𝑥 𝑚1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 𝑚2

(𝑚 + 2)(𝑚 − 1) = 0 𝑌 = 𝐶1 𝑥 1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 −2

𝑚1 = +1 ^ 𝑚2 = −2 SOLUCIÓN GENERAL

RAICES REALES DISTINTAS

2) EJERCICIO 2:

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟:
𝑥 2 𝑦" + 3𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 0

Sea:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚

𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1

𝑦" = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑥 2 [𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 ] + 3𝑥[𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 ] + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑥 𝑚 𝑚(𝑚 − 1) + 3𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑥 𝑚 [𝑚(𝑚 − 1) + 3𝑚 + 1] = 0

𝑚(𝑚 − 1) + 3𝑚 + 1 = 0

𝑚2 − 𝑚 + 3𝑚 + 1 = 0

𝑚2 + 2𝑚 + 1 = 0

(𝑚1 + 1)(𝑚2 + 1) = 0

𝑚1 = −1
𝑚2 = −1
𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 𝑚1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 𝑚2 𝑙𝑛𝑥

𝒚𝒄 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙−𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒙 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍

PÁGINA 1
3) EJERCICIO 3:

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑥 2 𝑦" − 𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 2𝑥

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑢 ℎ𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑔é𝑛𝑒𝑎
𝑥 2 𝑦" − 𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 0

Sea:

𝑦 = 𝑥𝑚
𝑦 ′ = 𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1
𝑦" = 𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2
𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑥 2 [𝑚(𝑚 − 1)𝑥 𝑚−2 ] − 𝑥[𝑚𝑥 𝑚−1 ] + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0

𝑥 𝑚 𝑚(𝑚 − 1) − 𝑚𝑥 𝑚 + 𝑥 𝑚 = 0
𝑥 𝑚 [𝑚(𝑚 − 1) − 𝑚 + 1] = 0
𝑚(𝑚 − 1) − 𝑚 + 1 = 0
𝑚2 − 𝑚 − 𝑚 + 1 = 0
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 1 = 0
(𝑚1 − 1)(𝑚2 − 1) = 0
𝑚1 = 1
𝑚2 = 1
𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 𝑚1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 𝑚2 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝒚𝒄 = 𝑪𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 𝒙𝟏 𝒍𝒏𝒙 (Solución 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂)

𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝 (𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙)
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐 𝒚𝟐 (𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒊ó𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓)

𝑊1 𝑊2
𝑢′1 = 𝑢′ 2 =
𝑊 𝑊
𝑦1 𝑦2 0 𝑦2 𝑦1 0
𝑊 = |𝑦 ′ 𝑦′2| 𝑊1 = |𝑓 𝑦′2| 𝑊2 = |𝑦 ′ 𝑓(𝑥) |
1 (𝑥) 1

𝑦1 = 𝑥 𝑦2 = 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 ′1 = 1 𝑦 ′ 2 = 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥

PÁGINA 2
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟
(𝑥 2 𝑦" − 𝑥𝑦′ + 𝑦 = 2𝑥)/𝑥 2
1 1 2
𝑦" − 𝑦′ + 2 𝑦 =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2
𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
0 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑥 0
𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 2|
𝑊=| | 𝑊1 = |2 | 𝑊2 = |
1 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑊 = 𝑥(1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥) − 1(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑾=𝒙
2
𝑊1 = 0(1 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥) − (𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥) = 0 − 2𝑙𝑛𝑥 = −2𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥
𝑾𝟏 = −𝟐𝒍𝒏𝒙
2
𝑊2 = 𝑥 ( ) − 1(0) = 2 − 0 = 2
𝑥
𝑾𝟐 = 𝟐

−2𝑙𝑛𝑥 2
𝑢′1 = 𝑢′ 2 =
𝑥 𝑥

𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
−2𝑙𝑛𝑥 2
∫ 𝑢′1 = ∫ ∫ 𝑢′ 2 = ∫
𝑥 𝑥

𝑢1 = −(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 𝑢2 = 2𝑙𝑛𝑥

𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑦𝑝 = −(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 (𝑥) + (2𝑙𝑛𝑥)(𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑦𝑝 = −𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 + 2𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2

𝒚𝒑 = 𝒙(𝒍𝒏𝒙)𝟐 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓

𝑦 = 𝑦𝑐 + 𝑦𝑝
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥1 + 𝐶2 𝑥 1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑮𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍

PÁGINA 3
 EJERCICIOS DE EXTENSIÓN

Resolver:
1.- 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝒚" − 𝟖𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟗𝒚 = 𝟎

2. 𝒙𝟐 𝒚" − 𝟑𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟎

3.- 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚" + 𝒙𝒚′ − 𝒚 = 𝟎

4.- 𝒙𝟐 𝒚" − 𝟑𝒙𝒚′ + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟎

5.- 𝒙𝟐 𝒚" + 𝒙𝒚′ − 𝒑𝟐 𝒚 = 𝟎

PÁGINA 4
 BIBLIOGRAFÍA

(ANÁLISIS MATEMÁTICO IV- EDUARDO ESPINOZA RAMOS)

https://www.academia.edu/33808323/Ecuaci%C3%B3n_diferencial_de_Cauchy-
Euler?fbclid=IwAR11PYf4iZS5aiNW8nlRFkM1xyiMSgCfuv1EWFKS15CPPVTMUmiv75-OVY4

https://www.academia.edu/17873488/ECUACI%C3%93N_DE_CAUCHY-
EULER?fbclid=IwAR3ApzP3PE1VEA93JXRKJ8HlOhlBOF-RxUOGkeGzSTQMhT1A6_U-
3786FvA

PÁGINA 5