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MEDICINA
Integrantes equipo 6:
Trejo Roque César Alexis (operativo)
Tzab Collí Sergio Damián (coordinador)
Uh Carrillo Eddie Rodrigo (operativo)
Vázquez Caamal Edith Carolina (secretaria)
Las hormonas son potentes. Se necesita solamente una cantidad mínima para provocar
grandes cambios en las células o inclusive en todo el cuerpo. Es por ello por lo que el exceso
o la falta de una hormona específica puede ser serio. (1)
La tiroides es una de las glándulas endocrinas del cuerpo humano, se encarga de regular la
mayor parte de las funciones básicas del organismo, como es el metabolismo, el crecimiento,
el desarrollo del sistema nervioso, la asimilación de nutrientes y regula el ritmo cardiaco. (2)
Material y métodos
• Tres jeringuillas recargables para inyectar.
• Propiltiouracilo.
• Hormona estimulante del tiroides (TSH).
• Tiroxina.
• Cámara hermética de vidrio para animales.
• El conector en T.
• Sosa caústica.
• Un manómetro en forma de tubo en U.
• Una jeringa para inyectar aire en el tubo.
• Báscula utilizada para medir el peso corporal de los animales
• Tres ratas blancas –una rata normal, una rata tiroidectomizada y una rata
hipofisectomizada.
PARTE 1: Determinación de la tasa metabólica basal.
Regresamos la rata a su jaula y repetimos el procedimiento con las otras dos ratas.
Colocamos la rata en la cámara para obtener los datos de O2/min, O2/h, tasa metabólica y
palpación.
Colocamos la rata en la cámara para obtener los datos de O2/min, O2/h, tasa metabólica y
palpación.
Colocamos la rata en la cámara para obtener los datos de O2/min, O2/h, tasa metabólica y
palpación.
Análisis y discusión:
Los resultados indican que en la rata normal no hubo variaciones sobre su peso a lo largo de
las pruebas, sin embargo la tasa metabólica y el oxígeno consumido incrementaron, mientras
que durante las pruebas con TSH y propiltiouracilo se palpó bocio. Con la rata
tiroidectomizada hubo un aumento de la TMB con el uso de la tiroxina pero se mantuvo igual
(y sin bocio) con la TSH y el propiltiouracilo. Finalmente, con la rata hipofisectomizada
presentó un incremento de TMB en las tres pruebas, mientras que el bocio sólo se presentó
con el uso de TSH.
Test post-laboratorio
4. ¿Por qué ninguna de las ratas desarrolló un bocio después de la inyección de tiroxina? a.
En todos los casos, los niveles de TSH no fueron elevados por la inyección de tiroxina.
5. ¿Por qué la rata normal desarrolló un bocio palpable con la inyección de TSH? c. Los
receptores de TSH en la glándula tiroides fueron estimulados excesivamente.
6. ¿Qué provocaría una inyección de propiltiouracilo en una rata normal? b. desarrollo del
bocio
7. ¿Por qué la rata normal desarrolló un bocio palpable con la inyección de
propiltiouracilo? d. La inyección disminuyó el mecanismo de retroalimentación negativa de
la TSH.
Parte 1
1. ¿Qué rata presentó mayor tasa metabólica basal (TMB)? La rata normal con tiroxina
2. ¿Por qué son diferentes las tasas metabólicas de las ratas normales y las alteradas
quirúrgicamente? Compara los resultados obtenidos con tu predicción inicial.
Debido a que la que no tiene pituitaria no genera la hormona TSH y por lo tanto no
ayuda a la liberación de hormonas tiroideas; y la que no tiene tiroides tiene una
disminución de hormonas tiroideas, por lo tanto, ambas tienen un metabolismo basal
disminuido.
3. En un animal tiroidectomizado, ¿qué hormona(s) estarán ausentes en su sangre?
Las hormonas tiroideas, tiroxina y triyodotironina
4. Si un animal ha sido hipofisectomizado, ¿qué efecto esperas observar en sus niveles
hormonales? Una disminución de TSH y por lo tanto una disminución concomitante
de tiroxina y triyodotironina
Parte 2
5. ¿Cuál fue el efecto de las inyecciones de tiroxina sobre la TMB de la rata normal?
Nuestra respuesta fue acertada, debido a que se aumentó el metabolismo basal y
además, debido a que no hubo aumento de TSH, la rata no generó bocio.
6. ¿Cuál fue el efecto de las inyecciones de tiroxina sobre la TMB de la rata
tiroidectomizada? ¿Son distintos estos resultados de TMB que los de la rata
normal? ¿La dosis de tiroxina administrada es demasiado grande, demasiado
pequeña o la justa? La tasa metabólica aumentó más en la rata normal; y la dosis
fue la demasiado, debido a que aumentó más que en la rata normal.
7. ¿Cuál fue el efecto de las inyecciones de tiroxina sobre la TMB de la rata
hipofisectomizada? ¿Son distintos estos resultados de TMB que los de la rata
normal? ¿La dosis de tiroxina administrada es demasiado grande, demasiado
pequeña o la justa? La Tasa metabólica aumento más que en la rata normal, por lo
tanto la dosis no fue la correcta, sino que fue mayor.
Parte 3
El efecto de las inyecciones de tiroxina sobre la TMB de la rata normal no generó bocio
debido a que aumentó el metabolismo basal pero no aumento la TSH.
Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report
2. Thyroxine is
You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature.
4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: d. goiter development
05/06/19 page 1
Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR
of the normal rat you just measured.
Your answer : c. The BMR of both remaining rats will be lower than the normal rat's BMR.
Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats?
Your answer : d. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic but will not develop a goiter.
Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats?
Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter.
Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of
iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine).
What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats?
Your answer : d. The normal rat will become hypothyroidic and develop a goiter.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 420 ml O2/hr
1i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1680 ml O2/kg/hr
2h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 378 ml O2/hr
2i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
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Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1536.58 ml O2/kg/hr
3h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 378 ml O2/hr
3i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1536.59 ml O2/kg/hr
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800).
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800).
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800).
4c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 504 ml O2/hr
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4d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 2016 ml O2/kg/hr
5c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 468 ml O2/hr
5d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1902 ml O2/kg/hr
6c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 468 ml O2/hr
6d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1902 ml O2/kg/hr
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
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Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection.
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection.
7c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 486 ml O2/hr
7d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1944 ml O2/kg/hr
8c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 468 ml O2/hr
8d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
05/06/19 page 5
You answered: 1902 ml O2/kg/hr
9c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 468 ml O2/hr
9d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1902 ml O2/kg/hr
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection.
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with TSH (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: a. the normal rat c. the hypophysectomized rat
10c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 378 ml O2/hr
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10d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1512 ml O2/kg/hr
11c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 378 ml O2/hr
11d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1536 ml O2/kg/hr
12c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation.
Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab
Report.
You answered: 384 ml O2/hr
12d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per
kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms
to use this equation).
Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.
You answered: 1560 ml O2/kg/hr
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
05/06/19 page 7
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid
levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid
levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection.
Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU (select all that apply)?
You correctly answered: a. the normal rat
Experiment Data:
05/06/19 page 8
Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 7 out of 7 questions correctly.
1. How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal?
You correctly answered: c. Provide the animal T4 supplements.
2. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms?
You correctly answered: d. decreased basal metabolic rate
3. An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. hyperthyroidism
4. Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection?
You correctly answered: a. In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection.
5. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection?
You correctly answered: c. The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated.
6. An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following?
You correctly answered: b. goiter development
7. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection?
You correctly answered: d. The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH.
05/06/19 page 9
Review Sheet Results
1. Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates
2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results
compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
Debido a que la que no tiene pituitaria no genera la hormona TSH y por lo tanto no ayuda a la liberación de hormonas
tiroideas; y la que no tiene tiroides tiene una disminución de hormonas tiroideas, por lo tanto, ambas tienen un meabolismo
basal disminuido.
3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood?
Your answer:
las hormonas tiroideas, tiroxina y la triyodotrironina
4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body?
Your answer:
Una disminución de TSH y por lo tanto una disminución concominante de tiroxina y triyodotirosina
What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
Nuestra respuesta fue acertada, debido a que se aumentó el metabolimo basal y ademas, debido a que no hubo aumento
de tsh, la rata no generó bocio.
6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
La tasa metabólica aumentó más en la rata normal; Y la dosis fue la demasiado, debido a que aumentó más que en la rata
normal.
7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case
compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
La Tasa metabólica aumento mas que en la rata normal, por lo tanto la dosis no fue la correcta, sino que fue mayor.
What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR?
Your answer:
Aumentó la tasa metabólica y se generó un bocio.
9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with
the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed?
05/06/19 page 10
Your answer:
No hubo canbios, su metabolismo se mantubo bajo en comparación de la rata normal
10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare
with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right?
Your answer:
Incremento la tasa metabólica más que el de la rarta normal y se genero bocio. por lo que la dosis fue demasiado grande.
05/06/19 page 11