Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Apuntes de Filosofia Contemporanea II
Apuntes de Filosofia Contemporanea II
S. XVIII
J. Bentham (1748-1832)
S. XIX
Comte (1798-1857)
S. XX
En 1921, Carnap escribió una carta decisiva a Bertrand Russell, quien respondió copiando a
mano largos pasajes de su Principia Mathematica en beneficio de Carnap, pues ni Carnap ni
Freiburg podían permitirse una copia de este trabajo trascendental. En 1924 y 1925, acudió a
seminarios impartidos por Edmund Husserl, el fundador de la fenomenología, y siguió
escribiendo sobre física desde una perspectiva positivista lógica.
Carnap descubrió un espíritu afín cuando conoció a Hans Reichenbach en una conferencia en
1923. Reichenbach presentó a Carnap a Moritz Schlick, un profesor de la Universidad de Viena
quien ofreció a Carnap un puesto en su departamento, que Carnap aceptó en 1926. Carnap
entonces se unió a un grupo informal de intelectuales vieneses al que se acabaría llamando
Círculo de Viena, guiado por Moritz Schlick y que incluía a Hans Hahn, Friedrich Waismann,
Otto Neurath, y Herbert Feigl, con apariciones ocasionales del estudiante de Hahn, Kurt Gödel.
Cuando Wittgenstein visitó Viena, Carnap se encontraría con él. Él (con Hahn y Neurath)
escribió el manifiesto del año 1929 del Círculo, y (con Hans Reichenbach) fundó el periódico
filosófico Erkenntnis.
Otto Neurath (1882-1945) Perseguido por los nazis. Cierta afinidad al marxismo.
Circulo de Berlin. Creado en 1920 por Hans Reichenbach (1891-1953), Kurt Grelling (1886-
1942) y Walter Dubislav (1895-1937). Originalmente llamado Die Gesellschaft für empirische
Philosophie. Otros miembros fueron Carl Gustav Hempel, David Hilbert and Richard von Mises
Together with the Vienna Circle, they published the journal Erkenntnis ("Knowledge") edited
by Rudolf Carnap and Reichenbach, and organized several congresses and colloquia concerning
the philosophy of science, the first of which was held in Prague in 1929.[1]
The Berlin Circle had much in common with the Vienna Circle, but the philosophies of the
circles differed on a few subjects, such as probability and conventionalism. Reichenbach
insisted on calling his philosophy logical empiricism, to distinguish it from the logical positivism
of the Vienna Circle. Few people today make the distinction, and the words are often used
interchangeably.
Members of the Berlin Circle were particularly active in analyzing the philosophical and logical
consequences of the advances in contemporary physics, especially the theory of relativity.
Apart from that, they denied the soundness of metaphysics and traditional philosophy and
asserted that many philosophical problems are indeed meaningless.
After the rise of Nazism, several of the group's members emigrated to other countries,
including Reichenbach, who moved to Turkey in 1933 and later to the United States in 1938;
Dubislav emigrated in 1936; Hempel moved to Belgium in 1934 and later to the United States
in 1939; and Grelling was killed in a concentration camp. A younger member of the Berlin
Circle or Berlin School to leave Germany was Olaf Helmer who joined the RAND Corporation
and played an important role in the development of the Delphi method used for predicting
future trends, and other early forms of social technology.[2]
After emigrating to various countries the group effectively came to an end, but not without
influencing a wide range of philosophers of the 20th century, its method having been
especially influential on analytic philosophy and futurology.