Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de

Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

Farías Campomanes, Ángela María1; Matos Chamorro, Alfredo2

1
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Resumen

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Palabras clave: 27-/1-0I#_7/3!0#6:20!0I#0-?/""2#3-#<.2I#-P1:277/85#7!5#F-P25!I#Vitis vinífera.

Abstract

NF-#2/?#!A#1F/0#d!:S#d20#1!#3-1-:?/5-#1F-#/5A"<-57-#!A#1-?E-:21<:-#253#E2:1/7"-#0/\-#!5#1F-#-P1:271/!5#
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Z#253#/1#d20#7:<0F-3#<51/"#!H12/5/56#E2:1/7"-0#!A#)%U#??#253#*I^#??#/5#3/2?-1-:%#NF-#-P1:271/!5#d20#
72::/-3#!<1#d/1F#F-P25-#d/1F#1F-#E-:7!"21/!5#0C01-?I#/5#2#d-/6F1(.!"<?-#:21/!#!A#$`)*I#1!#1-?E-:21<:-0#
!A#V*#253#+*#ab#A!:#-27F#!5-#!A#1F-#0/\-0#!A#E2:1/7"-%#NF-#E-2S#-AA/7/-57C#A!:#1F-#-P1:271/!5#d20#21#+*#
ab#253#d/1F#2#0/\-#!A#E2:1/7"-#*%^??I#!A#$VI)#Z%

Key words: !/"0I#A211C#27/30I#6:2E-#0--30I#-P1:271/!5#d/1F#F-P25-I#Vitis vinífera.

Introducción -"/?/52320# 7!?!# :-0/3<!%# &!# !H01251-# -0120# 0-?/(

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Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

Tabla 1- Composición química de la semilla de uva

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j21-:/2#6:202 $*
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Metodología

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Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

Proceso de extracción Extracción del aceite

Acondicionamiento de semillas de uva
c-# 3-1-:?/58# "2# F<?-323# 3-# "20# 0-?/""20# 3-# <.2#
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G0120#0-#-57!51:2H25#7!5#<52#F<?-323#3-"#$l#ZI#
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K!:2:#"20#7!53/7/!5-0#3-#?!"/-532%#c-#:-2"/\8#?-(
3/251-#<5#0-723!:#3-#H253-K20#2#l*#ab%#@!01-:/!:(
?-51-#"20#0-?/""20#A<-:!5#1:/1<:2320#7!5#<5#?!"/5!#
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Tabla 2 - Diseño factorial 22 para el proceso de extracción de aceite de semilla de uva

FACTORES NIVELES

($ 1

= N;j@;,=N9,= MabO V* +*

X N=j=rk#q;#@=,Nsb9J= M??O *%^ )%U

Resultados y Discusión MZO# 3-# 27-/1-# -P1:2B3!# 2# "20# 7!53/7/!5-0# 251-0#

?-57/!52320%##
!0#:-0<"123!0#L<-#0-#E:-0-5125#-5#"2#12H"2#h#
L 7!::-0E!53-5# 2"# E:!?-3/!# 3-"# :-53/?/-51!#

Tabla 3- Rendimiento de aceite extraído a diferentes condiciones

Nº ENSAYO TEMPERATURA (ºC) TAMAÑO DE PARTÍCULA (mm) REPETICIÓN 1 REPETICIÓN 2

1 ($ ($ $)%+ $]%]U

) 1 ($ $V%)U$ $V%$+

3 ($ 1 4.54 ]%]^)

4 1 1 h%+]Vh ]%$*l

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/51-50!I# 7!5# !"!:# 72:271-:B01/7!%# c<# 7!50/01-57/2# -0# :/520I#"20#7<2"-0#A<-:!5#0-E2:2320#3/0?/5<C-53!#"2#
A"</32# C# -5# 2"6<5!0# 720!0# F<H!# E:-0-57/2# 3-# E2:1B( 1-?E-:21<:2#3-"#27-/1-%#

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Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

Efecto de la temperatura 3-#"2#0-?/""2#3-#<.2I#3!53-#-P/01-#<52#3/A-:-57/2#3-#

;5#"2#A/6<:2#$#0-#!H0-:.2#"2#/5A"<-57/2#3-#"2#1-?E-:2(
1<:2#-5#-"##:-53/?/-51!#3-#"2#-P1:277/85%#
X-:52:3/5/#M$+^$I#E%#$]lO#?-57/!52#L<-#0!H:-E20232#
"2#1-?E-:21<:2#3-#l*tb#0-#E:!3<7-#<52#3/0?/5<7/85#
3-"#E!3-:#-P1:271/.!#3-"#0!".-51-#-5#2"6Y5#1/E!#3-#0-(
?/""2g#0/5#-?H2:6!I#-01!#5!#0-#7!5A/:?2#E2:2#-"#720!#
F2012#]Z#3-"#27-/1-#-P1:2B3!#-5#"20#1-?E-:21<:20#2E"/(
72320#E2:2#<5#3-1-:?/523!#12?2[!#3-#E2:1B7<"2%#;0#
3-7/:I#"2#1-?E-:21<:2#3-"#0!".-51-#1/-5-#<5#-A-71!#E!(
0/1/.!#-5#"2#-P1:277/85#3-"#27-/1-#C#>01-#-0#0/65/A/721/.!#
MN2H"2#]O%##c/5#-?H2:6!I#-0#5-7-02:/!#?-57/!52:#L<-#
7<253!#"!0#27-/1-0#0!5#0!?-1/3!0#2#1-?E-:21<:20#-"-(
.2320I#0<#72"/323#0-#.-#2"1-:232#MX2/"-C#$+V+O%

1 2 .0

1 1 .5

1 1 .0

1 0 .5

1 0 .0

9 .5
Rendimiento (%)

9 .0

8 .5

8 .0
70 90

T e m p e r a tu r a ( º C )
Figura 1 – Influencia de la temperatura
en la extracción de aceite

Tabla 4 - ANVA del efecto de la temperatura y granulometría en el proceso de extracción

F. de V. GL SC CM F

N-?E-:21<:2# 1 ]%U^ ]%U^] $l%h*Vlu

N2?2[!#3-#E2:1B7<"2 1 )l*%$V )l*%$V ^$V%U$u

451-:277/85 1 ^%$) ^%$) )U%l]u

,-E-1/7/!5-0 1 *%h) *%h) $%*h#

;::!: 3 *%+) *%h$

N!12" V )U]%)$

Efecto del tamaño de partícula L<-#0-#!H1-5B2#<5#?2C!:#:-53/?/-51!#3-#27-/1-#

;"# 12?2[!# 3-# E2:1B7<"2# -0# <5!# 3-# "!0# A271!:-0# 7<253!#-"#12?2[!#3-#E2:1B7<"2#!07/"2H2#"!0#*%l#
E:/57/E2"-0# L<-# /5A"<C-5# -5# -"# E:!7-0!# 3-# -P( ??#L<-#7<253!#>01-#-:2#$%)l#??%#b!?E!:12(
1:277/85#Mj-\/25-#C#J2?:!<0#)**UI#E%#$V+O%#i!( ?/-51!# 0/?/"2:# 0-# !H1/-5-# -5# -01-# -01<3/!# MW/(
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Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)
18
16
14
12
10
8
Rendimiento (%)
2
0.8
Tamaño de partícula (mm)
;01-#1:2H2K!#7!?E:<-H2#"2#/5A"<-57/2#L<-#1/-5-#-"#12(
?2[!# 3-# "2# E2:1B7<"2# E2:2# -"# :-53/?/-51!# # -5# "2# -P(
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Figura 2 – Influencia del tamaño de par-
tícula en la extracción de aceite
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Influencia de la Temperatura y Tamaño de Partícula en el Proceso de Extracción de Aceite de Semilla de uva (Vitis vinífera)

2.78

2.6

2.42

2.24

2.06
TAMAÑO DE PARTICULA (mm)

1.88

1.7

1.52

1.34

1.16

0.98 18
16
14
0.8 12
10
0.62
8
6
Figura 3 - Influencia de la temperatu-
68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 4 ra y tamaño de partícula en el proce-
TEMPERATURA (ºC) so de extracción

25

70ºC 70ºC
90ºC 90ºC

20
RENDIMIENTO (%)

15

10

0
0.8 mm 2.6 mm 0.8 mm 2.6 mm Figura 4 - Efecto de la temperatura
y tamaño de partícula en el rendi-
RE P E T I CI O N 1 RE P E T I CI O N 2
miento

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Recomendaciones
Agradecimiento

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