Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Laplace PDF
Laplace PDF
Matemática Aplicada
Escuela de Matemáticas MA-1005: Ecuaciones Diferenciales
Prof. Miguel Walker Ureña. Ciclo: I-2017
La transformada de Laplace
Si t > 0 la transformada de Laplace de una función f (t) corresponde a
Z +∞
L{f (t)} = e−st f (t) dt = F (s)
0
y la inversa de Laplace
L−1 {F (s)} = f (t) ⇐⇒ L{f (t)} = F (s)
f (t) = L−1 {F (s)} L{f (t)} = F (s) f (t) = L−1 {F (s)} L{f (t)} = F (s)
1 ω
1 ,s>0 sen(ωt) ,s>0
s s2 + ω2
1 s
t ,s>0 cos(ωt) ,s>0
s2 s2 + ω 2
n! ω
tn ,s>0 n ∈ Z+ senh(ωt) , s > |ω|
sn+1 s2 − ω 2
1 s
eat ,s>a cosh(ωt) , s > |ω|
s−a s2 − ω 2
Derivada de Laplace L{tn f (t)} = (−1)n dsdn L{f (t)} = (−1)n f (n) (s)
d
dsn L{f (t)} = (−1)n L{tn f (t)}
Linealidad de Laplace inversa L−1 {αF (s) + G(s)} = αL−1 {F (s)} + L{G(s)}
Cambio de escala L−1 {F (as)} = a1 L−1 {F (s)} = a1 f (t/a)
t/a
−1
Laplace inversa de la derivada L−1 {F (s)} = · L−1 {F 0 (s)}
t
Z +∞ Z +∞
f (t)
Integral de Laplace L = L{f (t)} du = F (u) du
t s u s
Z +∞ Z +∞ Z +∞
f (t)
L = ... L{f (t)} du ds1 . . . dsn−1
tn s sn−1 s1 u
Z +∞ Z +∞ Z +∞
= ... F (u) du ds1 . . . dsn−1
s sn−1 s1
Z +∞
Evaluación de la integral f (t) dt = lim L{f (t)}
0 s→0
Z tZ tn−1 Z t1
F (s)
L−1 = ... L−1 {F (s)} du dt1 . . . dtn−1
sn 0 0 0 u
Z tZ tn−1 Z t1
= ... f (u) du dt1 . . . dtn−1
0 0 0
+∞
(t − u)n−1
Z
= f (u) du
0 (n − 1)!
+∞
L−1 {F (s)}
Z
f (t)
Laplace inversa de la integral L−1 F (u) du = =
s t t
en tal caso
L{f ∗ g} = L{f (t)} · L{g(t)} y L−1 {F (s) · G(s)} = L−1 {F (s)} ∗ L−1 {G(s)}
(
0 si 0 ≤ t < a
Función de Heaviside (escalón unitario) H(t − a) =
1 si t ≥ a
(
1/2ε si t0 − ε ≤ t < t0 + ε
Función de impulso unitario δε (t − t0 ) =
0 si no
(
+∞ si y = t0
Función Delta de Dirac δ(t − t0 ) = lim δε (t − t0 ) =
ε→0 0 6 t0
si t =
Propiedades de la función Γ
Γ(n + 1) = n! , n ∈ Z+ L{f (t) · H(t − a)} = e−as L{f (t + a)} (2◦ P. Trasl.)
√
Γ(1/2) = π L−1 {e−as F (s)} = L−1 {F (s)}
· H(t − a) = f (t − a) · H(t − a)
t−a
1
1 · 3 · · · · · (2n − 1) √
Γ n+ 2 = π
2n
(−1)n 2n √ Propiedades de la función delta
Γ −n + 12 =
π
1 · 3 · · · · · (2n − 1) Z +∞
Γ(0) = −∞ δ(t − a) dt = 1
0
Γ(−p) = (−1)p · (+∞) p ∈ Z+
Γ(α + 1) L{δ(t − a)} = e−as ∧ L{δ(t)} = 1
α
L{t } =
sα+1 L−1 {e−as } = δ(t − a) ∧ L−1 {1} = δ(t)
t−b−1 L−1 {sF (s)} = f 0 (t) + f (0) · δ(t)
L−1 sb =
Γ(−b)