 SUCESION

𝑛 𝑛+1
1. f (n) = -
𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑛 1
= –1-
𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑛−𝑛−1 1
= -
𝑛+1 𝑛
1 1
=− −
𝑛+1 𝑛
1
lim =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1
1
lim =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝑛 𝑛+1
lim ( − )=0–0=0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛+1 𝑛

𝑛2 𝑛2 +1
2. f (n) = −
𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑛2 −𝑛3 −𝑛−𝑛2 −1 𝑛+𝑛2 +1
= =-
𝑛2 +𝑛 𝑛2 +𝑛
𝑛 𝑛² 1 1 1 1
=( + + )=( + 1 + )
𝑛2 +𝑛 𝑛2 +𝑛 𝑛2 +𝑛 𝑛+1 𝑛+𝑛 𝑛2 +𝑛

1 1 1 1
𝑛 1 𝑛² 𝑛 1 𝑛²
= -( 𝑛 1 + 1 + 𝑛² 𝑛 )=-( 1 + 1 + 1 )
+ 1+ + 1+ 1+ 1+
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛² 𝑛² 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

lim f (n) = - (0 + 1 + 0) = -1
𝑛→∞
 2𝜋
3. f (n) = cos
2

N Positivo entero
| f (n) – L | <R E>0 n>N
4N>N 4N+2>N
f (4 N ) = cos (2 N 𝜋) = 1
f (4 N + 2) = cos ( (2 N + 1) 𝜋) = -1
1 1 1
|1–L|< | -1 -L | < => | 1 + L | <
2 2 2

|1–L|+|1+L|<1
| 1 – L + 1 + L | < 1 => 2 < 1

𝑛2 +3𝑛−2
4. f (n) =
5𝑛²
3 2
1+ 𝑛−𝑛²
f (n) =
5
1 3 2 1
ℒ′ f (n) = ℒ′ ( 1 + − )=
𝑛→∞ 5 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛2 5

𝑛
5. f (n) = 2𝑛
𝑛 ∞
ℒ′ =
𝑛→∞ 2𝑛 2∞

ℒ′ f (n) = 0
𝑛→∞
 6. f (n) = 1 + (−1)𝑛
| f (n) – L | < ɛ ɛ>0 n>N
1 1
| f (2N) – L | < | f (2N + 1) – L | <
2 2
1 1
|2–L|< | -L | <
2 2

| 2 – L | + | L | < 1 => | 2 – L + L | < 1 => 2 < 1

1+ (−1)𝑛
7. f (n) =
𝑛
1+ (−1)𝑛 2
0≤ ≤
𝑛 𝑛
2
ℒ′ 0 = ℒ′ =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
1+ (−1)𝑛
ℒ′ =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛

SERIE DE LAURENT
1
 𝑓(𝑧) =
𝑧(𝑧−1)

a) 0 < |𝑧| < 1

b) 1 < |𝑧|
c) 0 < |𝑧 − 1| < 1
d) 1 < |𝑧 − 1|

Solución
1 1
a) 𝑓(𝑧) = − 𝑧 1−𝑧 1

1
𝑓(𝑧) = − [1 + 𝑧 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 3 + ⋯ ]
𝑧
 1
𝑓(𝑧) = − − 1 − 𝑧 − 𝑧 2 − ⋯
𝑧

Converge

1 1
b) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 2 1−1
3

1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑧) = 2 [1 + + 2 + 3 + ⋯ ]
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 𝑧

1 1 1 1
𝑓(𝑧) = 2
+ 3+ 4+ 5+⋯
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧 𝑧
1
c) 𝑓(𝑧) = (1−1+𝑧)(𝑧−1)

1 1
=
𝑧 − 1 1 + (𝑧 − 1)

1
= [1 − (𝑧 − 1) + (𝑧 − 1)2 − (𝑧 − 1)3 + ⋯ ]
𝑧−1

1
= − 1 + (𝑧 − 1) − (𝑧 − 1)2 + ⋯
𝑧−1

Converge

1 1 1 1
d) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧−1 1+(𝑧−1)
= (𝑧−1)2 1
1+
𝑧−1

1 1 1 1
= [1 − + − + ⋯]
(𝑧 − 1)2 𝑧 − 1 (𝑧 − 1)2 (𝑧 − 1)3

1 1 1 1
= 2
− 3
+ 4
− +⋯
(𝑧 − 1) (𝑧 − 1) (𝑧 − 1) (𝑧 − 1)5

Converge

1
 𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧−3)

a) 0 < |𝑧 − 1| < 2
b) 0 < |𝑧 − 3| < 2

Solución
1 1 1
a) 𝑓(𝑧) = =
(𝑧−1)2 (𝑧−3) (𝑧−1)2 −2+(𝑧−1)
 −1 1
=
2(𝑧 − 1) 1 − 𝑧 − 1
2
2

−1 𝑧 − 1 (𝑧 − 1)2 (𝑧 − 1)3
𝑓(𝑧) = [1 + + + + ⋯]
2(𝑧 − 1)2 2 22 23

1 1 1 1
= − − − − (𝑧 − 1) …
2(𝑧 − 1)2 4(𝑧 − 1) 8 16

1 1 𝑧−3
b) 𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑧−1)2 (𝑧−3)
= 𝑧−3
[𝑧 + 𝑧 − 𝑧]¯2 − [1 + 2
] ¯²

1 (−2) 𝑧 − 3 (−2)(−3) 𝑧 − 3 (−2)(−3)(−4) 𝑧 − 3 3

𝑓(𝑧) = [1 + ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ⋯]
4(𝑧 − 3) 1 2 21 2 31 2

1 1 3 1
𝑓(𝑧) = − + (𝑧 − 3) − (𝑧 − 3)2 + ⋯
4(𝑧 − 3) 4 16 8