Heat Transfer 49

Table 10-10A Table 10-10C

Full Circle Tube Layouts Floating Head Exchanger 3/4 -in. Full Circle Tube Layouts Floating Head Exchanger 3/4 -in.
O.D. Tubes on 15/16 -in. Triangular Pitch O.D. Tubes on 1-in. Triangular Pitch

Net Free Net Free

Number of Passes Number of Passes
Size Distance Rows Size Distance Rows
(In.) 1 2 4 6 8 2 Passes Across (In.) 1 2 4 6 8 2 Passes Across

8 42 40 32 32 24 3.75 13 8 37 30 26 26 24 4.13 11
10 73 68 56 54 52 4.63 17 10 61 56 52 46 44 4.88 17
12 109 106 88 86 80 4.00 21 12 92 90 86 78 72 4.38 21
14 130 124 110 108 104 4.50 25 14 121 110 102 98 92 5.50 21
16 187 176 162 152 144 5.00 29 16 163 152 146 140 132 6.25 25
18 241 232 214 216 204 5.88 33 18 212 202 194 188 184 5.88 29
20 308 302 282 274 264 6.50 37 20 269 260 250 240 236 6.63 35
22 384 372 352 348 336 7.13 41 22 337 330 314 300 296 7.33 39
24 472 458 432 420 406 7.75 45 24 421 404 380 378 364 8.00 43
26 555 538 510 510 502 8.63 48 26 499 476 460 450 440 8.88 47
28 649 636 610 606 580 8.13 53 28 579 562 542 538 520 9.63 51
30 764 744 716 708 700 8.75 57 30 668 648 636 624 612 10.33 53
32 868 850 822 812 796 9.38 63 32 766 744 732 714 712 11.00 57
34 994 970 930 928 912 9.75 65 34 870 850 834 828 808 10.50 61
36 1131 1108 1066 1058 1028 10.50 71 36 986 978 942 932 920 11.38 67
38 1268 1246 1204 1190 1172 11.25 75 38 1108 1100 1060 1060 1036 12.13 71
40 1414 1390 1360 1338 1316 12.06 79 40 1236 1228 1200 1190 1164 12.75 75
42 1558 1544 1502 1482 1464 11.50 83 42 1367 1350 1322 1306 1288 13.25 77

Table 10-10D
Table 10-10B Full Circle Tube Layouts Floating Head Exchanger, 1-in.
Full Circle Tube Layouts Floating Head Exchanger 3/4 -in. O.D. Tubes on 1 1/4 -in. Square Pitch
O.D. Tubes on 1-in. Square Pitch
Net Free
Number of Passes
Net Free Size Distance Rows
Number of Passes
Size Distance Rows (In.) 1 2 4 6 8 2 Passes Across
(In.) 1 2 4 6 8 2 Passes Across
8 21 16 16 ... . ... . 4.13 5
8 32 32 26 24 24 3.50 6 10 37 32 32 32 ... . 4.25 6
10 56 52 48 48 48 4.13 8 12 48 52 48 48 48 4.25 8
12 82 82 78 72 72 4.50 11 14 61 60 60 52 52 5.50 10
14 104 96 92 88 88 6.00 11 16 89 84 80 76 76 5.50 11
16 140 136 128 120 120 6.50 14 18 113 112 112 108 108 5.38 13
18 185 180 172 168 164 6.88 16 20 148 148 140 136 136 5.38 14
20 241 236 224 212 212 7.38 17 22 184 178 172 168 164 7.38 16
22 300 280 280 268 268 7.75 20 24 221 220 212 208 208 7.38 17
24 360 350 336 332 332 8.25 21 26 266 266 258 252 252 7.38 19
26 424 412 402 392 392 8.75 23 28 316 308 304 292 292 7.38 20
28 402 488 480 472 472 9.25 25 30 368 360 352 344 340 9.38 21
30 580 566 566 548 548 9.75 27 32 421 410 402 392 392 9.38 23
32 665 648 644 628 628 10.00 29 34 481 472 464 452 452 9.69 24
34 756 758 730 728 728 10.19 31 36 545 540 532 524 524 9.69 26
36 853 848 832 816 816 11.69 33 38 608 608 588 588 588 9.69 28
38 973 950 938 932 932 12.19 35 40 680 680 656 664 660 9.69 29
40 1085 1064 1052 1036 1036 12.69 37 42 750 738 728 728 728 11.69 31
42 1201 1176 1162 1148 1148 13.19 39 Table 10-10E follows.
50 Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants

Table 10-10E A. Number of tubes.

Full Circle Tube Layouts Floating Head Exchanger, 1-in.
O.D. Tubes on 1 1/4 -in. Triangular Pitch The actual number of tubes to be installed in the unit.
Manufacturing tolerances may require elimination of
Number of Passes
Net Free some tubes that preliminary design layouts and tables indi-
Size Distance Rows cated might be installed in the unit. Figures 10-25A—K and
(In.) 1 2 4 6 8 2 Passes Across Table 10-9 have considered known fabrication tolerances.
8 22 20 18 16 12 4.13 9 Sometimes extra tie rods for baffles must be added, or in
10 38 36 32 32 28 4.50 13 some cases, eliminated. The outer tube circle limit for each
12 60 52 48 46 44 4.63 15 exchanger is determined by the type of shell to be used.
14 73 68 60 58 56 4.25 19 That is, (1) if commercial pipe, greater out-of-round toler-
16 97 98 86 82 80 4.25 21 ances might be required or (2) if formed on shop rolls, the
18 130 126 118 114 112 6.50 25 out-of-round tolerance will be known, but not necessarily
20 170 164 152 150 144 6.75 27 the same for each diameter shell.
22 212 202 196 188 184 7.00 31
24 258 250 242 232 228 7.25 33
26 304 302 286 278 272 7.50 37 B. Exact distance between faces of tubesheets.
28 361 348 338 336 324 7.75 39
30 421 408 400 394 388 8.00 43 Tubes are usually ordered in even lengths, such as 8, 10,
32 482 472 456 446 440 8.25 47 12, 16, 24, or 32 ft, and the tubesheets are from 1/4 in. to 1/2
34 555 538 524 520 500 11.06 49
in. shorter between outer faces.
36 625 618 592 588 572 10.44 51
38 700 688 672 660 640 10.69 55
40 786 776 752 742 736 11.00 59
C. Net effective tube length.
42 872 850 834 824 816 11.32 61
This is the net length of tube exposed inside the shell and avail-
able for contact by the shell-side fluid. This length accounts for
the thickness of each tubesheet (and for the double
tubesheets when used). For design purposes, it is usually
estimated from experience, allowing about

1. 1 1/2 in. per tubesheet for low-pressure units.

2. 2—3 in. per tubesheet for high-pressure exchangers, 200
psi—400 psi.

D. Exact baffle spacing.

In some instances the baffle spacing must be rearranged

to allow for a nozzle or coupling connection. It is impor-
tant that changes in baffle location be reviewed, as perfor-
mance or pressure drop can be seriously affected. This is of
extreme importance in vacuum units. Baffle orientation is
sometimes misinterpreted by the fabricator, and this can
cause serious problems where liquid drainage is con-
cerned, or the revised vapor flow path can allow for bypass-
ing the tube surface.

Figure 10-26. Tube spacing layouts for tubesheets.

Exchanger Surface Area
The actual surface area available for heat transfer is deter-
mined from the fabricator’s shop drawings. From these
details, the following are fixed:
E. Impingement baffle location.
When scale drawings are made, the effectiveness of
impingement baffles can be evaluated easily. Sometimes it
is necessary to relocate or make slight size changes in order
to properly protect the tubes and direct the vapor flow.