WIKIPEDIA El Ajedrecista El Ajedrecista (English: The Chess Player) is an automaton built in 1912 by Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, one of the first autonomous ‘machines capable of playing chess.I As opposed to the human-operated The Turk and Ajecb, £1 Ajedrecista was a true automaton built to play chess without human guidance. It played an endgame with three chess pieces, automatically moving a white king and a rook to checkmate the black king moved by a human opponent. ‘The device could be considered the first computer game in history. 1t created great excitement when it made its debut, at the University of Paris, in 1914. Tt was first widely mentioned in Scientific American as "Torres and His Remarkable Automatie Devices" on November 6, 1915.41 The automaton does not deliver checkmate in the minimum number of moves, nor always within the 50 moves allotted by the fifty-move rule, because of the simple algorithm that calculates the moves. It did, Gonzalo, Quevedo's son, showing his automaton to Norbert Wiener at the 1951 Paris Cybemetic Congress.l1] however, checkmate the opponent every time. If an illegal move was made by the opposite player, the automaton would signal it) Technical description Its internal construction was published by H. Vigneron.®)"The pieces had a metallic mesh at their base, which closed an electric circuit that encoded their position in the board. When the black king was moved by hand, an algorithm calculated and performed the next best move for the white player. In the first version, the pieces were plugged into the board, and the game states of check and checkmate were signaled with light bulbs.! Leonardo's son Gonzalo made an improved chess automaton based on El Ajedrecista in 1920, which made its moves via electromagnets located under the board.® It also included a sound effect, with a voice recording announcing checkmate when the computer won the game] Both are still working and are on display at the Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos in Madrid.{'01"") Notes 1. "Chess Programming Wiki- Leonardo Torres y Quevedo" (http:/chess programming. wikispaces.com/L eonardo+ Torresty+Quevedo) Retrieved 2010-06-12. 2. Williams, Andrew (2017-03-16). History of Digital Games: Developments in Art, Design and Interaction (https:1/books.google.co mmbooks7id=xLVdDgAAQBANJBIpg=PA31&dq=Torrestand+histremar kable+automatic+devices. +Issue+2079+of+ScientificrAmerican,+191 '5&pg=PA30&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false). CRC Press. ISBN 9781317503811 front view3. Montfort, Nick (2003). Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction. MIT Press. . 76. ISBN 0-262-63318-3. "In 1912, Leonardo Torres Quevedo ... devised the first computer game ... The machine played a KRK chess endgame, playing rook and king against a person playing a lone king.” 4, Torres and his remarkable automatic devices. Issue 2079 of Scientific ‘American, 1915 5. Atkinson, George W. (1998). Chess and machine intuition. Intellect Books, pp. 21-22. ISBN 1-871516-44-7 6. H, Vigneron: Robots. English Transiation in: David Levy, Monty Newborn: Chess and Computers, pp. 13-23, Computer Science Pross, 1982, 7. Velasco, JJ (2011-07-22). "Historia de la tecnologia: El ajedrecista, el abuelo de Deep Biue" (https:/hipertextual.com/2011/07/el-ajedrecista -sl-abuelo-de-deep-blue). Hpertextual (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-08-14, 8. Brian Randell, From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer. ‘The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres and Bush. Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 4, No. 4, Oct. 1982 9. "Leonardo Torres Quevedo, referente para la ingenieria y desconocido para el gran publico” (http:/www.eldiario.esituring/Leon ardo-Torres-Quevedo-Espana-desconocido_0_318818588,htm)). eldiario.es (in Spanish), Retrieved 2017-08-14, 10. "Universidad Politécnica de Madrid” (htip://www.upm.es/UPM/Museo SUPM/MuseoTorresQuevedo). www. uipm.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-08-16. 11, "Torres y Quevedo's rook endgame automaton’ (https:/ien.chessbas e.com/postitorres-y-quevedo-s-rook-endgame-automaton). Choss ‘Nows. 2004-07-20, Retrieved 2017-08-16, External links = Automaton Chess by C. Gilmore (http:/Iwww.chessgraphics.net/ac.htm) = Chessbase News: Automatons (http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=1799) = Quevedo's biography (https:/iweb archive. org/web/20060314221249/http://www.robotwisdom.comv/ailtorres. htm) = Wikibook: The Endgame - king and Rook vs. King (https://en.wikibooks.orgiwiki/Chess/The_Endgame/King_and_Roo vs._King) Retrieved from “https://en.wikipedia.orgiw/index.phptitle=E!_Ajedrecista&oldid=801246411" This page was last edited on 18 September 2017, at 15:39. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, inc., a non-profit organization.