TABLA DE VALENCIAS

METALES
MONOVALENTES BIVALENTES TRIVALENTES
Nombre Símbolo Valencia Nombre Símbolo Valencia Nombre Símbolo Valencia
Litio Li 1 Berilio Be 2 Aluminio Al 3
Sodio Na 1 Magnesio Mg 2 Galio Ga 3
Potasio K 1 Calcio Ca 2 Indio In 3
Rubidio Rb 1 Estroncio Sr 2
Cesio Cs 1 Bario Ba 2 MONOBIVALENTES
Francio Fr 1 Radio Ra 2 Cobre Cu +1, +2
Plata Ag 1 Cadmio Cd 2 Mercurio Hg +1, +2
Amonio NH4 1 Cinc Zn 2
MONOTRIVALENTES BITRIVALENTES BITETRAVALENTES
Oro Au +1, +3 Hierro Fe +2, +3 Estaño Sn +2, +4
Talio Tl +1, +3 Cobalto Co +2, +3 Plomo Pb +2, +4
Níquel Ni +2, +3 Platino Pt +2, +4
Paladio Pd +2, +4
NO METALES
HALOGENOS ANFIGENOS
Flúor Fr -1 Oxigeno O -2
Cloro Cl -1, +1, +3, +4, +5, +7 Azufre S -2, +2, +4, +6
Bromo Br -1, +1, +3, +5 Selenio Se -2, +2, +4, +6
Yodo I -1, +1, +3, +5, +7 Teluro Te -2, +2, +4, +6
NITROGENOIDES CARBONOIDES
Nitrógeno N -3, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 Carbono C -4, +2, +4
Fosforo P -3, +1, +3, +5 Silicio Si -4, +4
Arsénico As -3, +3, +5
Antimonio Sb -3, +3, +5
Boro B -3, +3
ANFOTEROS
Manganeso Mn +2, +3 Metal +4 Anfótero +6, +7 No Metal
Molibdeno Mo +2, +3 Metal +4 Metal +5, +6 No Metal
Wolframio W +2, +3 Metal +4 Metal +5, +6 No Metal
Vanadio V +2, +3 Metal +4 Anfótero +5 No Metal
Titanio Ti +2, +3 Metal +4 Anfótero
Uranio U +3 Metal +4 Metal +5, +6 No Metal
Bismuto Bi +3 Metal +5 No Metal
Cromo Cr +2, +3 Metal +6 No Metal

Aux.: YHONNY ALEJANDRO CALLISAYA TOLA

 NOMENCLATURA INORGANICA

 OXIDOS BASICOS:
𝑴+ 𝑶−𝟐 Con cualquier Metal o cualquier Anfótero +2, +3

𝐿𝑖 +1 𝑂−2 => 𝐿𝑖2 𝑂 Oxido de Litio

𝐶𝑢+2 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑢2 𝑂2 = 𝐶𝑢𝑂 Oxido Cúprico
𝐴𝑢+1 𝑂−2 => 𝐴𝑢2 𝑂 Oxido Auroso
𝐹𝑒 +3 𝑂−2 => 𝐹𝑒2 𝑂3 Oxido Férrico
𝑀𝑛+3 𝑂−2 => 𝑀𝑛2 𝑂3 Oxido Mangánico

 ANHIDRIDOS:

𝑁. 𝑀.+ 𝑂−2 (𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠)𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑁𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 + 5, +6, +7

𝐶𝑙 +1 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑙2 𝑂 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜

𝐶𝑙 +3 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑙2 𝑂3 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐶𝑙 +5 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑙2 𝑂5 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐶𝑙 +7 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑙2 𝑂7 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑆 +2 𝑂−2 => 𝑆 𝑂 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑆 +4 𝑂−2 => 𝑆 𝑂2 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑆 +6 𝑂−2 => 𝑆 𝑂3 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃+1 𝑂−2 => 𝑃2 𝑂 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑃+3 𝑂−2 => 𝑃2 𝑂3 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑃+5 𝑂−2 => 𝑃2 𝑂5 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐶 +2 𝑂−2 => 𝐶 𝑂 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐶 +4 𝑂−2 => 𝐶 𝑂2 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜
Casos Especiales
𝐶𝑙 +4 𝑂−2 => 𝐶𝑙2 𝑂4 = 𝐶𝑙 𝑂2 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜
𝑁 +1 𝑂−2 => 𝑁2 𝑂 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑁 +2 𝑂−2 => 𝑁2 𝑂2 = 𝑁 𝑂 𝑂𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜
+4 −2 𝑁2 𝑂4
𝑁 𝑂 => 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑁 𝑂2 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜
𝑀𝑛+4 𝑂−2 => 𝑀𝑛2 𝑂4 = 𝑀𝑛 𝑂2 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑜
𝑇𝑖 +4 𝑂−2 => 𝑇𝑖2 𝑂4 = 𝑇𝑖 𝑂2 𝐷𝑖𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑜
 HIDROXIDOS:

𝑀 (𝑂𝐻)−1 𝐶𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑜 (+2, +3)

𝐻𝑔+2 (𝑂𝐻)−1 => 𝐻𝑔 (𝑂𝐻)2 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜

𝐻𝑔2+2 (𝑂𝐻)−1 => 𝐻𝑔2 (𝑂𝐻)2 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑁𝑖 +2 (𝑂𝐻)−1 => 𝑁𝑖 (𝑂𝐻)2 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑁𝑖 +3 (𝑂𝐻)−1 => 𝑁𝑖 (𝑂𝐻)3 𝐻𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜

 ACIDOS HIDRACIDOS:
𝐻 +1 𝑁. 𝑀.− (𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠)
HALOGENOS LIQUIDO GASES
𝐻 𝐹 −1 => 𝐻 𝐹
+1 Ácido Fluorhídrico Floruro de Hidrogeno

Aux.: YHONNY ALEJANDRO CALLISAYA TOLA

 𝐻 +1 𝐶𝑙 −1 => 𝐻 𝐶𝑙 Ácido Clorhídrico Cloruro de Hidrogeno
𝐻 +1 𝐵𝑟 −1 => 𝐻 𝐵𝑟 Ácido Bromhídrico Bromuro de Hidrogeno
𝐻 +1 𝐼 −1 => 𝐻 𝐼 Ácido Yodhídrico Yoduro de Hidrogeno

ANFIGENOS LIQUIDO GASES

𝐻 +1 𝑆 −2 => 𝐻2 𝑆 Ácido Sulfhídrico Sulfuro de Hidrogeno
𝐻 +1 𝑆𝑒 −2 => 𝐻2 𝑆𝑒 Ácido Selenhídrico Selenuro de Hidrogeno
𝐻 +1 𝑇𝑒 −2 => 𝐻2 𝑇𝑒 Ácido Telurhídrico Teluro de Hidrogeno

 AMINAS:
𝑁 𝐻3 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑜 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑜
𝑃 𝐻3 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝐴𝑠 𝐻3 𝐴𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑜 𝐴𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑆𝑏 𝐻3 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑜 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝐵 𝐻3 𝐵𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎

 ACIDOS OXACIDOS:
𝐻 + 𝑁𝑀+ 𝑂− 𝐴𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑂𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜
HALOGENOS
𝐶𝑙2 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝐶𝑙 𝑂 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐶𝑙2 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝐶𝑙 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐶𝑙2 𝑂5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝐶𝑙 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐶𝑙2 𝑂7 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝐶𝑙 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
ANFIGENOS
𝑆 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑆 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑆 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
ANFOTEROS
𝑀𝑛 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑀𝑛 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑀𝑛2 𝑂7 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝑀𝑛 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐶𝑟 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝐶𝑟 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐵𝑖2 𝑂5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝐵𝑖 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐵𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜

 DIACIDOS:
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 + 6 𝑦 𝐴𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 + 6
𝟐 𝑆 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆2 𝑂7 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝟐 𝐶𝑟 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐷𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜

 POLIACIDOS o ACIDOS POLIHIDRATADOS:

NITROGENOIDES
𝑃2 𝑂5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝑃 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃2 𝑂5 + 2 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻4 𝑃2 𝑂7 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑃2 𝑂5 + 3 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻3 𝑃 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑂𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜

Aux.: YHONNY ALEJANDRO CALLISAYA TOLA

 𝑜𝑠𝑜 112
𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎 {
𝑃 𝑖𝑐𝑜 113 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎 − 𝑖𝑐𝑜 112
𝑜𝑠𝑜 425
𝑆𝑏 => 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜 { 𝐵 => { 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜 − 𝑖𝑐𝑜 425
𝑖𝑐𝑜 427
𝐴𝑠 𝑜𝑠𝑜 313 𝑂𝑟𝑡𝑜 − 𝑖𝑐𝑜 313
{ 𝑂𝑟𝑡𝑜 {
𝑖𝑐𝑜 314
CASOS ESPECIALES
𝑁2 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑁2 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑃2 𝑂 + 3𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻3 𝑃 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
2𝐵2 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝐵4 𝑂7 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑇𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑁2 𝑂3 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝑁 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝑁2 𝑂5 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻 𝑁 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
CARBONOIDES
𝑆𝑖 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆𝑖 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝑆𝑖 𝑂2 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻4 𝑆𝑖 𝑂4 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑂𝑟𝑡𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑜
2 𝑆𝑖 𝑂2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻6 𝑆𝑖2 𝑂7 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑜
CASOS ESPECIALES
2 𝑆𝑖 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝑆𝑖2 𝑂5 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐶 𝑂 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝐶 𝑂2 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐶 𝑂2 + 𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝐻2 𝐶 𝑂3 𝐴𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜

 HIDROSALES NEUTRAS: (𝑴+ 𝑹− )

𝑀𝑛+3 𝐶𝑙 −1 → 𝑀𝑛 𝐶𝑙3 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑢𝑟𝑜 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐴𝑢+3 𝑆 −2 → 𝐴𝑢2 𝑆3 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑢𝑟𝑜 𝐴𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
𝐻𝑔2+2 𝑆𝑒 −2 → (𝐻𝑔2 )2 𝑆𝑒2 → 𝐻𝑔2 𝑆𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑟𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑜

 OXISALES NEUTRAS: (𝑴+ 𝑹− )

𝐶𝑢+2 (𝐶𝑙 𝑂4 )−1 → 𝐶𝑢 (𝐶𝑙 𝑂4 )2 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝐶𝑢𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜
(𝑁𝐻4 )+1 (𝑆 𝑂3 )−2 → (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆 𝑂3 𝑆𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑜
𝐹𝑒 +2 (𝐻2 𝑃 𝑂2 )−1 → 𝐹𝑒 (𝐻2 𝑃 𝑂2 )2 𝐻𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑠𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝐹𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜
𝐴𝑙 +3 (𝐴𝑠2 𝑂7 )−4 → 𝐴𝑙4 (𝐴𝑠2 𝑂7 )3 𝑃𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑜

Aux.: YHONNY ALEJANDRO CALLISAYA TOLA