Desigualdades

Introduccion

Desigualdades lineales

x + 8 6= 0 x 6= 8 x R \ {8}

7 8 7 8 3 7 8 7 56 56
x + 6= 0 x 6= ( ) x = x 6= ( ) = x R \ { }
3 5 3 5 7 3 5 3 15 15
4 8 4 8 7 4x + 8 7 4x + 1 4x + 1
x + 1 = 0 x + = = 0 = 0 (7) = (7) 0 4x + 1 = 0 4x =
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
1 1
1 x = x { }
4 4
 
3 4 3 4 7 3 7 4 28 28
x + < 0 x < ( x) < ( x < x ,
7 3 7 3 3 7 3 3 9 9
 
9 3 9 1 9 7 9 7 2 9 2 7 14 14
x+( )1 > 0 x+ 3 > 0 x+ > 0 > ( x) > ( ) x > x ,
2 7 2 (7) 2 3 2 3 9 2 9 3 27 27
 
1 1 2 2
47x > 2 (47x) < (2) x < x ,
47 47 47 47

1 1 3 3 3 4 9 3 36 33
9(4 + x) > 3 (9(4 + x)) > (3) 4 + x > x > 4 x > x > =
9   9 9 9 9 9 9 9
3 11 11 11
x> = x ,
33 3 3

2 (1) 1 5 32 9 16 9 7 12 5 7
(4 ( )2 )x > 2 23 (4 2 2 x > 2 (4 2 )x = (4 )x = ( )x = x > =
3 (5 (3) 6 2 4 4 4 6 6
4 7 4 7 28 2 14 2 2
( x) > ( ) x > = = x >
7 4 7 6 42 3 14 3 3

 
1 1 4 4 46 2 2
(2 + x) 3 < 4 ((2 + x) 3) = 2 + x < 4 = x < 2 = = x ,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1 2 3 2 3+1 2 (2 3)2 + 2(2 3) + (1)2 4(3) + 4 3 + 1 13 + 4 3 3
(2 + ) x 6= ( ) x = x = ( )x = x =6=
3 5 3 ( 3) 2 3 3 5

3 13 + 4 3 3 3 9 9
( x) = x 6= ( )= x R \ { }
13 + 4 3 3 13 + 4 3 5 5(13 + 4 3) 5(13 + 4 3)

Desigualdades e igualdades de polinomios de segundo grado

x2 + x > 0 x(x + 1) > 0 hx > 0 x + 1 > 0i hx 6 0 x + 1 6 0i hx > 0 x > 1i hx 6 0 x 6 1i

hx > 0 > 1i hx 6 1 6 0i hx > 0i hx 6 1i x [0, ) x (, 1] x [0, (, 1]

1 1
4x2 16 > 0 4(x2 4) > 0 4(x2 4) = x2 4 > 0 = 0 (x 2)(x + 2) > 0 hx 2 > 0 x + 2 >
4 4
0i hx 2 < 0 x + 2 < 0i hx > 2 x > 2i hx < 2 x < 2i hx > 2 > 2i hx < 2 < 2i hx > 2i hx <
2i x (2, ) x (, 2) x (2, ) (, 2)

1
 (6x2 + x 1)2 = 0 6x2 + x 1 = 0 (2x + 1)(3x 1) = 0 2x + 1 = 0 3x 1 = 0 2x = 1 3x =
1 1 1 1
1 x = x = x { , }
2 3 2 3

x2 + 2x + 1 = 0 (x + 1)2 = 0 x + 1 = 0 x = 1 x {1}

2x2 x + 3 < 0 (1 x)(2x + 3) < 0 h1 x < 0 2x + 3 > 0i h1 x > 0 2x + 3 < 0i hx > 1 2x >
3 3 3 3
3i h1 > x 2x < 3i = hx > 1 x > i h1 > x x < i hx > 1 > i hx < < 1i hx > 1i hx <
  2  2  2 2
3 3 3
i x (1, ) x , x (1, ) ,
2 2 2

Desigualdades con valor absoluto

|x 3| 6 4 4 6 x 3 6 4 4 + (3) 6 x 3 + (3) 6 4 + (3) 1 6 x 6 7 x [1, 7]